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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – SLAS 1
(Self-learning Activity Sheet)

Statistics and Simple Statistical

Instruments

FOR TANDAG CITY DIVISION USE ONLY

 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

Subject Area: Mathematics Quarter: IV

Name of Learner: __________________________________ Grade Level: 7

School: __________________________________________________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

Week Covered: 1

Learning Competency: Poses problems that can be solved using statistics

and formulates simple statistical instruments (M7SP-IVa-2-3)

Objectives: After completing this self-learning activity sheet, you should be

able to:

1. explain the importance of Statistics;

2. pose problems that can be solved using Statistics;
3. differentiate descriptive statistics from inferential statistics; and
4. familiarize simple statistical instruments.

Materials: Ballpen and paper

Directions: Find the 5 words that define the word “statistics” using the
letters in the table below. These words can be found vertically, horizontally
or diagonally. Write them on a separate sheet of paper.

C E Z I N A G R O
O O U T T U I L D
P Y L H A P P E N
A N A L Y Z E V I
R C P R E S E N T
T I R I S C R U E
U A E S E T T I N
I N T E R P R E T

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Definition of Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific
collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical
data in order to obtain useful and meaningful information.

• Collection of data – refers to the process of obtaining information.

• Organization of data – refers to the ascertaining mannner of presenting
the data into tables, graphs, or charts so that logical and statistical
conclusions can be drawn from the collected measurements.
• Analysis of data – refers to the process of extracting relevant information
from the gven data from which numerical description can be formulated.
• Interpretation of data – refers to the task of drawing conclusions from
the analyzed data.
Importance of Statistics
Statistics involves much more than simply drawing graphs and computing
averages.
• In education, it is frequently used to describe test results.
• In science, the data resulting from experiments must be collected and
analyzed. Diseases are controlled through analysis designed to anticipate
epidemics. The lifetime of a battery can be tested in a laboratory.
Endangered species of birds and other wildlife are protected through
regulation that reacts to statistical estimates.
• Manufacturer can provide better product at reasonable costs through the
use of statistical quality control techniques.
• In government, many kinds of statistical data are collected all the time.
• A knowledge of statistics can help you become more critical in your
analysis of information, hence, you will not be misled by the
manufactured polls, graphs, and averages.
Statistical Questions
- A statistical question is one that can be answered by collecting data that
vary.
Examples of Statistical and Non-Statistical Questions:
Statistical Questions Non-Statistical Questions
What do Grade 7 students prefer to eat What did Tessa eat for lunch?
for snack?
What time did the students of this Did you get up on time this morning?
class get up this morning?
What is the typical number of pets How many brother does Mary have?
owned by students in my class?
Three Types of Statistical Questions

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 A. Summarizing Question
Example 1:
✓ How many hours per month do students in Mathematics Class A
spend studying?
B. Comparing Question
Example 2:
✓ Do the students in Mathematics Class A spend more time at sports
than they do studying?
C. Relationship Question
Example 3:

✓ Do students who spend more time in playing sports do better in

exam?

Two Major Areas of Statistics

1. Descriptive Statistics – is a statistical method concerned with
describing the properties and characteristics of a set of data.
For instance, respondents in a survey may be described in terms of how
many are males and how many are females, what percent are literate, what is
the average family income, how many belong to a certain group, etc. In short,
it involves data gathering, organizing, describing, and presenting these
information.

2. Inferential Statistics – is a statistical method concerned with the

analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences,
interpretation, or conclusion about the entire population.
For instance, suppose a survey group wants to know the prevailing
sentiments among Filipino people on a certain issue. Asking every Filipino to
answer a questionnaire would be impossible. It is expensive, time-consuming,
and impractical. Instead, a small part of the entire population is scientifically
chosen. The data gathered from this group is used to draw a general opinion of
the entire population.

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Statistical Instruments
- These are instruments used by the reasearchers as devices to gather
data. Instruments can be either researcher-completed or subject –
completed instruments.
• Researcher-completed instruments – these are the instruments to be
filled by the researcher.

Examples:
✓ rating-scales,
✓ interview schedules/guides,
✓ tally sheets, flowcharts, performance checklists,
✓ time-and-motion logs, and
✓ observation forms.
• Subject-completed instruments - these are the instruments to be
filled by the subject of the study or the ones being studied.
Examples:
✓ questionnaires,
✓ self-checklists, attitude scales,
✓ personality inventories,
✓ achievement/aptitude tests,
✓ projective devices, and
✓ socio-metric devices.

Data gathered from statistical instruments are called statistical

data. Statistical data can be ungrouped (raw data) and grouped data
(presented in the form of frequency distribution).

These data could come from two sources: Primary and secondary.

✓ Primary data – the data are coming from the first-hand

information and considered to be original and have not undergone
any statistical treatment. These data can be collected by personal
investigation, hiring trained investigators, using questionnaires,
conducting surveys, or doing personal interviews.

✓ Secondary data – the data are second-hand information which are

already collected by someone and used for a particular purpose.
These data can be collected by reading the research of other

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 researchers, studies of research organizations, or articles from
journals and newspapers.

Some Statistical Terms

Some statistical terms that are often used in the study of statistics are
as follows:

1. Data – any quantitative or qualitative information.

a. Quantitative data – refers to the numerical information obtained

from counting or measuring that can be
manipulated by any fundamental operation.
Examples: age, IQ scores, height, weight, income.
b. Qualitative data – refers to descriptive attributes that cannot be
subjected to mathematical operations.
Examples: gender, citizenship, educational
attainment, religion.
2. Population – refers to the totality of all the elements or persons for which
one has an interest at a particular time. For example, the
members of the faculty of a school, the graduating class, the male
student. A particular variable of a population can be associated
to the population. The usual notation for population is N.

3. Sample – it is a part of a population determined by sampling procedures. It

is usually denoted by n.

4. Parameter – it is any statistical information or attribute taken from a

population. It is a true value or actual statistics since its source
is the population itself.

5. Statistic – it is any estimate of statistical attributes taken from a sample.

6. Variable – it is a specific factor, property, or characteristic of a population

or a sample which differentiates a sample or group of samples
from another group. For example, the scores obtained from a
coeducation class may differ by gender. Hence, gender is
considered variable. In a Catholic congregation, religion cannot
be considered a variable since every member of the population is
Catholic.

a. Discrete variable – a variable that can be obtained by computing.

Examples: the number of cellphone users in a company,
the number of computers in the laboratory

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 b. Continuous variable – a variable that can be obtained by measuring
objects or attributes.
Examples: the weight of students, the temperature in a city
over a period of time, the area of classrooms
Scales of Measurements

1. Nominal Measurement. This type of statistical data depicts the presence

or absence of a certain attribute. This usually involves the
random assignment of numbers to represent the attribute.
Examples: race, color classification, gender, civil status
2. Ordinal Measurement. This provides the degree of the presence of an
attribute. Usually, data is classified according to orders or ranks.

3. Interval Measurement. The measurement where data are arranged in

some order and the differences between data are meaningful.
Data at this level may lack inherent zero starting point.
Example: test result
4. Ratio. This measurement is an interval modified to include the inherent
zero starting point.
Examples: physical quantities, allowance

A. Directions: Choose the letter of your answer. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection,
organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data
in order to obtain useful and meaningful information.
A. Algebra B. Geometry C. Statistics D. Trigonometry
2. It is a statistical method concerned with describing the properties and
characteristics of a set of data.
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Quantitative D. Qualitative
3. It is a statistical method concerned with the analysis of a sample data
leading to prediction, inferences, interpretation, or conclusion about the
entire population.
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Quantitative D. Qualitative

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4. Mark let his students answer a questionnaire for his study. What kind of
statistical instrument did he use and what kind of data will he get?
A. Researcher-completed. First-hand data
B. Researcher-completed. Second-hand data
C. Subject-completed. First-hand data
D. Subject-completed. Second-hand data
5. Which of the following is a second-hand data?
A. interview B. journal C. questionnaire D. survey
6. Age, IQ scores, height, weight and income are what kind of data?
A. Primary B. Qualitative C. Quantitative D. Secondary
7. It refers to the totality of all the elements or persons for which one has an
interest at a particular time.
A. data B. population C. sample D. variable
8. This variable can be obtained by measuring objects or attributes.
A. continuous B. discrete C. statistic D. variable
9. This type of statistical data depicts the presence or absence of a certain
attribute. This usually involves the random assignment of numbers to
represent the attribute.
A. interval B. nominal C. ordinal D. ratio
10. This measurement provides the degree of the presence of an attribute.
The data is usually classified according to orders or ranks.
A. interval B. nominal C. ordinal D. ratio

B. Directions: Put a check (✓) if the given question is a statistical question,

and X if it is non-statistical. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____ 1. How old are you?

_____ 2. What is the average age of the students in this class?
_____ 3. Do students prefer eating alone or with friends?
_____ 4. How tall is your mathematics teacher?
_____ 5. What are the favorite colors of the grade 7 students?

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C. Directions: Tell whether each situation will make use of descriptive or
inferential statistics. Write DS if it is Descriptive Statistics and IS if it is
Inferential Statistics. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____ 1. A teacher computes the mean score of her class in a mathematics

test to determine if the class mean is significantly related to their
scores in a science test.
_____ 2. A sari-sari store owner records the frequency of sales of the 5
leading canned goods.
_____ 3. Mrs. Reyes collects the favorite subject of her Grade 7 students and
she wants to find the most common favorite subject of her class.
_____ 4. You want to know if the students learn more effectively through
online classes than modular learning.
_____ 5. Suppose you want to describe the test scores in a specific class of
30 students. You record all of the test scores and calculate the
summary statistics and produce graphs.

REFLECTIONS
Concepts Learned

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Concepts Unlearned

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

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 REFERENCES

Oribe, F. et.al. (2012). Next Century Mathematics 7. Phoenix Publishing

House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

Oronce, O., et.al. e-Math.Third Edition 2012. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=824RedoDnnA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV3NWFVK4vA&t=932s

ANSWER KEY

Elicit Evaluate

T E R P R E T N I

N I T T E S E A U 5. DS
4. IS
E U R C S I R I T 3. DS
2. DS
T N E S E R P C R
1. IS
I V E Z Y L A N A C.

N E P P A H L Y P 5. /
4. X
D L I U T T U O O 3. /
2. /
O R G A N I Z E C
1. X
B.

10. c
9. b
8. a
7. b
6. c
5. b
4. c
3. b
2. a
1. c
A.

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 Development Team of the JHS-LAS

Writer: Christine Rose P. Montenegro, Jacinto P. Elpa National HS

Content Editor: Nilda A. Mendiola

Language Editor: Jeanette R. Isidro

Reviewer: Gemma B. Espadero, Jeanette R. Isidro,

Marvelous B. Estal, Pinky Rosarie E. Laurente

Layout Artist: LRMS Tandag City

Management Team: Gemma A. De Paz

Rita S. Reyes

Jeanette R. Isidro

Gemma B. Espadero

Nilda A. Mendiola

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tandag City

LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTION (LRMS)

Purok Narra, Balilahan, Mabua, Tandag City

Telephone: 214-5848

Email Address: tandag.lrms@deped.gov.ph

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