Erman A.

Deano BSABE 3

SAQ 10

Enumerate the following:

A. Working parts and systems of gasoline engine while in operation (1-10)

Block - The engine's block serves as its foundation. It's a big block of metal with holes bored into it for the
cylinders, commonly aluminum or steel (Formula 1 utilizes a magnesium alloy).

Cylinders - The work of an engine is done in the cylinders. Fuel is fed into the cylinders and ignited by
spark plugs, which moves the pistons and does work.

Pistons - Pistons are devices that slide up and down inside the cylinders. Their job is to slide in and out,
connected to the crankshaft, in order to turn the combusting gasoline into work.

Spark plugs - The job of a spark plug is to ignite the fuel inside the cylinder. The rapid expansion of the
fuel, due to the heat created, does work on the piston, moving it away from the spark plug.

Camshaft - A camshaft is a component that controls the engine's timing. A camshaft's job is to control
when fuel and exhaust enter and exit the engine.

Injectors - The purpose of a fuel injector is to atomize the fuel. This means to turn the liquid fuel into a
mist, which drastically increases its surface area. This allows the fuel to combust more quickly, giving
greater impulse to the piston.

Crankshaft - The crankshaft is the glue that holds the engine's components together. Its job is to convert
the pistons' linear (up and down) action into rotating motion. A timing belt connects one end of the
crankshaft to the other end of the camshaft. The other end is attached to the flywheel, which acts as a surge
protector for your computer, regulating the power flowing out of the engine.

Flywheel - The engine's flywheel acts as a power management system. It's linked to the transmission by
the clutch.

B. Working parts and systems of diesel engine while in operation (11-20)

engines fuel System - The fuel injection pump, lift pump, injectors, and all fuel pipes are all part of the
fuel system. There will also be some fuel filters and possibly a water separator to protect your diesel engine
from bad fuel.

The engines lubrication system / oil system - By using oil under pressure to lubricate and reduce friction,
the lubrication system keeps your engine operating smoothly and prevents moving parts from wearing. An
oil pump and oil filters will be included in the oil system to keep the oil clean and free of pollutants.

The engines cooling system - The cooling system handles the engine coolant - normally a mixture of
distilled water and glycol with some additional additives to help prevent corrosion. There may also be a
coolant filter on some engines and a "water pump" which is actually a coolant pump. The coolant pump is
used to push the coolant round the engine and whichever device is used to cool the liquid - usually a radiator,
but sometimes a heat exchanger.

The engines exhaust system - Moving waste combustion gas from the engine cylinders out through the
exhaust manifold to the main muffler system that decreases noise is critical. The muffler is typically not a
part of the engine, but rather an add-on to minimize noise to the customer's specifications. Where a turbo-
charged is installed, the exhaust flow will travel through it to cause it to spin.

The engines Turbo charger - Most engines will have a turbo fitted. This device compresses the
combustion air to make the engine more powerful.

ACTIVITY 10

B. Two maintenance procedures of diesel & gasoline engines, respectively

1. Poor compression - If you do have low compression, the only solution is to replace the leaking

component, which could be the piston, piston ring, camshaft, head gasket, or valves.

Fuel and carburetor troubles - If the fuel tank is damaged or has a hole, it can be welded or

replaced. If the carburetor is broken, you can tune it up and let the compressor blow for a long

time.

2. Maintenance of Gasoline Engine

• Removing and cleaning the oil filter elements

• Inspecting the fuel lines, the fuel filters, and the fuel pump
• Cleaning the battery casings and the terminal posts; checking for proper electrolyte level and

specific gravity

• Inspecting and lubricating the starting mechanism

• Inspecting, cleaning, and lubricating the generator; inspecting and testing the voltage and

current regulator

• Inspecting the radiator; inspecting the water pump, the fan, and the drive belts
• Disassembling and cleaning the air filters and the breather caps
• Inspecting the crankcase, the valve covers, the timing gears, and the clutch housing Inspecting

the cylinder heads and the gaskets

Maintenance of Diesel Engine

• Check the fuel, the oil, and the water as in the prestart inspection.
• Check the engine instruments or the gauges for proper readings.
• Check the accessories and the drives as in the prestart inspection.
• Inspect the air cleaners and the breather caps.
• Inspect the fuel filters.
• Inspect the engine controls and the linkage.
• Inspect the batteries as in the prestart inspection.
• Inspect all electrical wiring, insulation, and security of connections.