FFERENTIATION 11.

15

fCx)) = lim fx+ h)-f)

dr h0

f(x)) = lim sin h-sin

h0 h

sin +h V1- - V V1-1-h

) ) = lim
dxr h0

xwhere Z =vr h V+- v

1--h
)) =
lim
i0 Z

x ) = lim lim Z lim sinZ -1

h0

lim
D-)-x(1-x -h) Th1-h - 7 - h
ft))
dx
=

h0

r+1)
lim
Vr+h V1-x +r 1 -I-i
=
())
d h>0

1
f(a)) h>0
lim r+ 1-2 +Vx vl -x-h
d
f(a))= 2V1-x
dx

is an operalorsuch that when it is applied

on y =fx) gires
It should be noted that
REMARK dx

afractionobtainedby dividing dy by dz. Forexample

x not
usf(x))=Alsois
dx
simply
called the
us cos x i.e.,(sin x) =cosx. The operatoris
f is applied on sin x
it gives dx
differentinl operator. Input

f(x)

Operator
O.
dx

Output

Fig. 11.1

EXERCISE 1.1

Differentiate the follorwing functions from first principles:

4. eOS
1. 2.3x 3.

[PSB 1995 C]
5.2 ICBSE 1993C] 6. log cos x

(ii) log cosec x (iv) sin '(21 +3)

(i) Vcot
x
7. (i)e
 11.16
MATHEMATICS-XII
1. - 2. 3 3. ap b
ANSWERS
4. -

' sin x
2 Vcotx
5. 6.-tanr 7. (i)
2 cOsecr
2 Vcotx (ii) (r +2r) e

(ii) cotr (iv)

V1-(21 +3
11.4 DIFFERENTIATION OF A FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION
In this section, will
we
study about the differentiation of composition of two
functions. or more

THEOREM (CHAIN RULE) ffx) and g(x) are

tiable and differentiable functions, then fog is also differem

O,

PROOF Sincef (x) andg (x) are differentiable functions. Therefore,

dx)=lim +h-fn
h
0

d8 ()) lim & +-8)

=

h
h->0
Now,
og) (x)} lim RE+h)-fog(x)
d =

h-0 h

d og) (x) =
lim R2 +h]-f{g()
h0 h
d
lim 8X +=flg(),s(t+h)-k()
d fog) (x) =h0 8r +h)-8 () h

A dfog)x) = lim R +h-flk, lin (x+-s()

h +0 &(X*h) - 8 (x)

d og)(r)j lim LKk+hfk m

im
&(+)-R)
s(x+h)-g(x) S (r + ) -8 (X) h0
8 (x) is differentiable,g (x) is continousand hence lim (r + ) = S

-0

REMARK1 The above rule can also be restated as follows:

If z =f) and y=g(), then du
OR
Dertoalie ofz w.r.t. x = (Derivative ofz wr.t. y) x (Deritvative ofy wr.t. )
PROOF Let y =
cosec 'x. Thenn,
cOsec (cosec" 1135
x) ==x
cOsec y =x
d
dr (cosec y)=a)
du COsec y) x
dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.to x
cosec ycot y x=1 Using chain rule]
-

dy
dx
-1
cosec y cot
y

If x>1, then ye
dy COsecy>0, cot y>0(0,T./2)
dx -1 |
cosec y| | cot y | cosec
If x<- 1, y | |cot y|= cosec ycot y
then y e
cosec y <0 and (-T/2,0)
cot y <0
| cosec y i | coty
dy =(-cosec y) (- cot y) cosec y cot
=

dx y
cosec y | Vcosec y -

dx cosec
x V-1T

Differentiate the following functions with EXERCISE 11.2

1.
respect to x:
sin (3x 5) 2. tan x
3. tan (r+45")
4. sin (logx)
5. Sin Vf
6. etanr
sinf (2x +1)
log (2x-3)
a n 5a 10. 2
11. 3
log, 3
13. 3+2x
a+2
15. 3 log
V+sin r
Sin x

18. (log sin x

1+x
19 V1+
1-x 20. sin-F
213 cos 2x 22. sin (log sin x)
 11.36
MATHEMATICS-XI
23. tan3x 24. Vcotx

sinx c o sx
26. log V
26. CBSE 2003
25 Jo81cos x 1+ cos X
27. tan (ein 8) log (x+ V+1)
29lOgr 30-log (cosec x - cot x)

++1
31 32. 1082-x*1)
34. sin 2
33. tan()
35. sin (2 sin x) 36. etan

37. Vtan 38. log (tan'x)

2

2 cos X
39. 40. x sin 2x +5" ++ (tan2x3
+32
41. log (3 x +2)-x log (2x-1) 42sin
7-
43. sin log (2x +3)) 44. log sin 2x
4 5 +1+V?-1
A5 -1 log x+ 2+NP+4+1
47. (sin x

sinx 50. 3 3 log (1+)

49
+2
51. 2 5 -
Vcos X cos 2x
53. log (3x +2) -log (2x-1) 54.sec x tan 2x
55. log (cosr) 56. cos (log x*

57/ log V
58. Ify=log Vx -1 v*+1|, show that
-

2 V-1
59. Ify= vx +1+vx-1, prove that v? -1 y

60.
Ify=+2"prove that (1-)y
61. If
y=log prove that 2x(+1)
62. Ify=V1+e Show that 4y
1- d-e)-
(1-V1-
DIFFERENTIATION

11.37

.1fy= +provethat2x
X sinr
y V1-2 prove that(1-r +
65. Ify= prove that-1-
-

4. Ify=(x-1)log(x 1)-(x +1) log ( +1), prove thatlog

log 1
cos x, prove that 2 e.cos|
67 Ify =e
68. Ify=logcos2
()
prove that2 cosec2x
1+cos2x
69. Ify=xsin''x+Vi -r, prove thatsinx
dx

70. lfy =vr+a*, prove that y-x=0

Ify=e +e", provethat v-4
72. Ify=Va -x*, prove that y+r =0

731f xy =4, prove that 3

CBSE 2004]
.Prove that - s i n -v-
ANSWERS
2. 2 tan x secá x
1. 3 cos (3x + 5)
4cos (log )
3.sec
180 (x+45)
v
Sin 6. an sec x
5. COs Vr
2 vx
2
7. 2 sin (4x +2) (2x-3) log, 7
10. 3a2.2 log 2
sec
180
(5x)
12.
11. 3 log 3 x log, 3 (log3 *)
2ax
13. (3*2 log 3) (2x +2) 14 2 ?(a?+
16. secx (tan x t sec x)
+ log x)
oB *. log 3 (1
15. 3x 18. 2 (log sin x) cot xX
-2x
17 - . 2
4x
20cos(1+
1 + 1 (1 - x) 72 1 - 2(1 -x
22. cos
-
2x) ( in x) cot
cos 2 2 sin
21. 3 (3
11.38
MATHEMATICS-XI
23. 3 a n 31 sec ' 31
eot
24
2 eotCOsecr
-

sin
25. cot 4 26. cosec Y
1 cos
27 sec (SinS n cos 28 1
log log log 30. cosec r

31. 32 2(-1)
(

33.
34 47
lan'
35. cos (2 sin a) 36.
1- 2 x (1+)
37 38. 1 1
tanr (1+
(4) Vtan
39 cOs Xlog,2- sin x -COS X
(x +3
40. sin 2x +2x cos 2x +5 log 5 +6 tan x secr
2x2
41
3x+2 27-127 log (2x 1)
-

42. oXSn x+3rfcos x 3 sinz

V7-2 (7-3/2
43. sin 12 log (2x +3) 44. 2 cot 2x + log sin 2x

45. 2 4 46. 1
+4x+1
6r (Sin 3
47
Vi - 48.
Sin x + cos x 6xe sinnx
49.
(r+2) +2
50. 33 +1 3log a+1)
51. ar 2
VCOS X
tan x
52. 2x (1-rsec 2x {1 -4x +x(1 r) tan 2r -

53. 3 2r
3x+2 2r -1 2xlog (2x-1)
54. sec x la tan 2x + tan x tan 21 + 2 sect 2x}
55. 2x tan r
-2 log x sin (log a)
56.

57, 2 -1
 11.62
MATHEMATICS-XII
EXERCISE 11.3
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
1. cos' (21VI -1.r<l
V1enei
3. sin
.0<x<1 4. sin v1 -?),0<x<1
5. tan a<X <a (HSB 1993]
6. sin 7. sin (2x-1),0 <x<1
8. sin(1 -21),0<x<1 9. cos
10 sinSinx+cosx <x«
1 cas
11, cos cos
2 X+Sin x j2. tan -1 <x<1
13. tan -a <x<a A. sin
15. cos 16. tanl4x
1-4
19. tan - oo<X <0
tan ,a>1,-oo <X<0
sin1 V1+r +vT-7 20. tan-V1+?-
19.
2
,0<x<1
ax 0
21 tan1lsinX|,-nk< 22. sin
1+cossx
Vi+)
3 cos11- 24. sin11-
1+x
5-tan 8tan +va [HSB 1990]
1 Vxa
27)
27tan1+btanr)
tanb-a tan x tan
9tan 60 tan1 1+62
tan -x 2 tan1 cos X+sinx
COsX-sin x
33) tan1 3 + l / 3
3) tan1-(a r/3 ICBSE 1994)
 11.63
DIFFERENTIATION

5. Ify=sin| +see 0<r< 1, provethat

2

Ify =
sin"| os |.0<1co.provethat +
36.

V-
37. Ify =tan M-r-V1-Fnd dr
V1+sinx+-Sn.show thatis independent of x.
38 Ify =cot 1+sin X V1 - sin x
-

39. Ify=tan "|1 0 provethat

PSB 1993]
sec"|#
x>0. Find dy
40. Ify =

41 Ify =sin 2tan dr

x CBSE 19901
cos(2x)+2 cos1 v1 -42,0<r<, find dx
42-Ify = b.
0, prove that 1 +a
=

1 at r
br) takes the value
=

43 If the derivatiye of tan (a +

vi-4x*,-«r<0, find
44. Ify=cos'(2x) +2cos
ICBSE 2003, 2008]
4 5 f y = t a n 1 + -

45.4fy =tan +1-x

ICBSE 2004
46 Differentiate cot" with respect to x
1+X} ANSWERS5

3.
2 2 -
Vi-

41-
.

11. -1 12.
10. 1 2V1-r
15.
13N
17.
2 log. 2 18,0 og a
16. 1+4 1+a
1+4x
1
19.
21.
2V1-
23, 2nx"-1

24. 0
22.
1+"
1+
 MATHEMATICS-XII
11.64

26. 1 27. 1
25.
1+x 2Vx (1 +)
28 29. 30. 3
1+ 2+7 1+92
3 2 /3
31. 32. 1
19r 1+4x 1+2/3

34 -1 40. 0 41.
1+
V1-
42.
1-4
46
1
* v1-4r 4521-?
l+