THE BLOOD AND BLOOD VESSELS

10

The section covers the hematopoietic and vascular systems which

consist of the blood and blood components, arteries, capillaries, and
the veins that transport blood throughout the body. This activity
describes these cells, vessels, the pathways or circulation, and the
importance and regulation of blood pressure.

Match each function of the blood with the proper examples. Use
each letter once. Each answer line will have more than one answer.

1. Transportation D, G A. Acid-base balance

2. Regulation F, A, E B. Blood clotting
3. Protection B,C C. Destroys pathogen
D. Nutrients and waste products
E. Body temperature
F. Fluid-electrolyte balance
G. Gases and hormones

Match each plasma protein with the proper descriptive statement. One
letter is used twice and each other letter is used once. Each answer line
will have three correct answers.

1. Albumin D, A, F A. Synthesized only by liver

2. Clotting factors G,
C, A
3. Globulins B, E, H
B. Synthesized by lymphocytes
or by liver
C. Include fibrinogen and
prothrombin
D. Pulls tissue fluid into
capillaries to maintain blood
volume
E. Include antibodies
F. Most abundant plasma protein
G. Help prevent blood loss
when vessels rupture
H. Include carrier molecules
for fats in blood
Complete the chart with respect to ABO grouping. An example is
already provided.

ABO Blood
Antigen Antigen Antigen
type
A B Anti-B
A yes no yes
B no yes no
O no no yes
AB yes yes no

Match each kind of WBC with its proper functions. Use each letter once.
Two answer lines will have two correct answers.

1. Neutrophils A A. Most abundant phagocytes

2. Monocytes B B. Become macrophage for
3. T lymphocytes E phagocytosis
4. B lymphocytes F C. Contain heparin to
5. Basophils C, G prevent abnormal blood
6. Eosinophils D, H clotting
D. Detoxify foreign proteins
E. Help recognize foreign proteins
F. Becomes plasma cells
to produce antibodies
G. Contain histamine
for inflammation
H. Important in allergic reactions
and parasitic infections

Match each type of vessel with the proper descriptive statements. Use
each letter one. Each answer line will have three correct letters.

1. Arteries i, v,
2. Veins ii, iii,iv

i. The lining is not folded into valves.

ii. The outer layer is thin, since blood pressure is low
iii. The lining is folded into valves to prevent back
flow of blood
iv. The middle layer is thin, since these vessels are
not as important in the maintenance of blood
pressure
v. The middle layer is thick, since these vessels
are important in the maintenance of blood
pressure.
Name the part of the body supplied by each of these arteries.
1. Coronary a. Heart
2. Femoral a. Thigh
3. Brachial a. Arm
4. Bronchial a. Bronchioles
5. Internal carotid a. Brain
6. Renal a. Kidneys
7. Hepatic a. Liver
8. Intercostal a. Chest wall
9. Anterior tibial a. Lower leg
1. Subclavian a. Shoulder
2. Radial a. Forearm
3. Superior mesenteric a. Small intestine
4. Esophageal a. Esophagus
5. Vertebral a. Brain
6. Celiac a. Abdominal organs
7. Popliteal a. Knee
8. Common iliac a. Hip
9. Plantar arches Foot

Name the part of the body drained of blood by each of these veins.
1. External jugular v. Neck
2. Axillary v. Armpit
3. Great saphenous v. Leg & Thigh
4. Inferior vena cava Lower body
5. Common iliac v. Hip
6. Ulnar v. Forearm
7. Cranial venous sinuses Brain
8. Superior vena cava Upper body
9. Renal V. Kidneys
10. Shoulder Subclavian v.
11. Arm Branchial v.
12. Thigh Femoral v.
 CRITICAL THINKING

1. When a patient complaint of acute pain in the abdomen,

the physician suspects appendicitis, which is bacterial
infection of the appendix. What blood test could provide
supporting evidence for the diagnosis?
Your doctor can suggest a blood test to determine whether you have
appendicitis or not, which could reveal whether you have a high white
blood cell count, a symptom of infection. Your blood test may also
reveal whether you are dehydrated or whether your electrolytes and
fluids are balanced. NIH external link C-reactive protein (CRP) blood
test to identify other sources of inflammation. NIH external link
Urinalysis to rule out other illnesses, such as a kidney stone or bladder
infection. If you're a woman, take the NIH external link pregnancy
test.

2. According to the old saying “Good food make good

blood”. Name three substances in the diet that are
essential for “good blood”. What blood disorders develop if
these substances are absent from the diet?
The three substances in the diet that are essential are iron, folic acid,
and vitamin B12. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential for the
division of blood cells. Pernicious anemia is the result of these vitamins
being lacking. Hemoglobin is made with the help of iron. Iron
deficiency anemia occurs from a lack of iron. Numerous blood clotting
components must be produced in order to produce vitamin K. Lack of
vitamin K can significantly lengthen the time it takes for blood to
coagulate, which causes heavy bleeding.
3. The term “carotid” means to put to sleep, implying that, if
the carotid arteries are blocked for several seconds, the
patient can lose consciousness, interruption of the blood
supply for a few minutes can result in permanent brain
damage. What is the physiological significance of
atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries?
Arteriosclerosis has a particular subtype called atherosclerosis.
The accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, and other chemicals in and on
the artery walls is known as atherosclerosis. The accumulation is
known as plaque. Atherosclerosis can constrict the arteries and
obstruct blood flow. The plaque may rupture and cause a blood clot.
Even while atherosclerosis is frequently associated with heart issues, it
can impact arteries throughout the body. You can get atherosclerosis
cured. Atherosclerosis can be prevented with healthy lifestyle choices.