Tema 2

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TEMA 2 (GRAMMAR)

PRESENT PERFECT (1)

 Usamos el presente perfecto para hablar de acciones pasadas cuando no conocemos el


momento exacto en el que ocurrieron:

They’ve visited lots of countries.

 EVER: Preguntar sobre una experiencia de tu vida.

Have you ever worked as a volunteer?

 NEVER: Para decir que no has hecho algo en tu vida.

I’ve never been to Egypt.

 JUST: Para hablar de algo muy reciente.

She’s just spent four weeks travelling round America.

 ALREADY: Para hablar de algo que se acaba de finalizar.

They’ve already finished building the new school.

 YET:
(?): Para preguntar si la acción está completada o no.
Have you finished your homework yet?

(-): Para hablar de una acción que no está completada.

I haven’t written my essay yet.

PRESENT PERFECT (2) – FOR AND SINCE

 Para responder a la pregunta: How long…?

FOR: Periodos de tiempo (three years, two days…)


SINCE: Fechas y momentos en el tiempo. (Since I was two, since 1998)

¿CÓMO FORMAMOS EL PRESENT PERFECT?

(+)

I/You/We/They + have + never + been (past participle) + (to the USA)


He/She + has + never + been (past participle) + (to the USA)
¡Hay que saberse bien la tercera columna de los vbos irragulares para el past participle!

(-)
I/You/We/They + haven’t (have not) + (flown (past participle) to the USA)
He/She + hasn’t (has not) + (flown (past participle) to the USA)

(?)
Have you/we/they ever eaten Chinese food? Yes, I/We/They have / No I haven’t
Has He/she ever eaten Chinese food? Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t

THE FUTURE:

Usamos diferentes formas de futuro para expresar distintos tipos de actividades:

Present continuous:
Citas o planes futuros. (We’re going on holiday tomorrow)

Present simple:
Eventos en un planning o calendario. (Our flight leaves at 12)

Be going to:
Be going to + infinitivo para planes futuros e intenciones. (I’m going to spend lots of
time in the hotel room)

Will / Won’t:
Predicciones sobre el futuro.

(Will definitely) cuando estamos 100% seguros de algo.

(Will probably) cuando estemos 75% seguros de algo.

En frases (+) probably/definitely va DESPUÉS del will, en las frases (-), va ANTES
del won’t.

Will + definitely/probably + infinitive


Definitely/probably + won’t + infinitive

Be likely to:
Lo usamos para hablar de eventos probables en el futuro. (It’s likely to be very hot)

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