Cut squares along dotted line then fold in half and staple / tape to make flashcard.

Start learning a few and then

add some in once you have mastered those few.

The big three that cause most

infectious diseases.  Viruses
 Bacteria
 Parasites

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This is a nucleic acid (DNA

Virus or RNA) enclosed in a
protein shell or coat.

Structure of a virus Protein Coat

Spike

DNA/RNA

Viruses can replicate only by… Viruses can replicate only by…
invading and taking over other cells
as they lack the cellular machinery
for self reproduction.
  Viruses are not living because  Viruses are not living because
they… they…
 --  Viruses are not made of cells.
 --  They have no cell parts.
 -  They do not grow and develop
 -  They do not respond to
 They have no cell par environment

Why Viruses are kind of living but

Why Viruses are kind of living but
not really because they…
not really because they…
-
 Viruses replicate, but only by
-
invading living cells, not by
-
themselves
-
 They Evolve / Mutate
 Limited movement
 Viruses are not considered
living by most scientists.

Three types of viruses

Three types of viruses

Round Rod Multi-sided

 Prokaryotic (No nucleus)  Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
and no internal and no internal
organelles. organelles.

Sphere Cocci Sphere Cocci

Rod Bacilli Rod Bacilli
Spiral Spirilla Spiral Spirilla

Blue-Green Algae: Also

called Cyanobacteria. It
is photosynthetic (gets
energy from sun).

Gram staining: Technique used to Gram staining: Technique used to

identify bacteria. identify bacteria.
Pink and Red: Gram Negative - Pink and Red: Gram Negative -
Dark Purple: Gram Positive + Dark Purple: Gram Positive +
  Penicillin: Antibiotic
 Penicillin: Antibiotic
that destroys bacteria
that destroys bacteria
derived from penicillin
derived from penicillin
mold (fungi).
mold (fungi).

 Binary Fission: The

process by which a
bacterium multiplies by
splitting in two.

 In asexual reproduction,  In asexual reproduction,

one individual produces one individual produces
offspring that are offspring that are
genetically identical to genetically identical to
it. it.

 Sexual Reproduction:  Sexual Reproduction:

Genetic material from two Genetic material from two
different individuals different individuals
combines into a genetically combines into a genetically
unique offspring. unique offspring.

 Immune system - A system
that protects the body from
diseases.
Diseases can be spread by
 Insects
 Air
 Water
 Food
 Person to person
 Animal to person
Immunization / Vaccine – infect
person with a lesser but similar
virus (cloned sometimes) Body
creates immunity.
Lytic viruses – Causes host cell
to split / die as virus
reproduces.
Lysogenic Virus – A virus that
can hide inside your cells DNA
until it breaks out and then
hides again.
 Immune system - A system
that protects the body from
diseases.
Diseases can be spread by
 Insects
 Air
 Water
 Food
 Person to person
 Animal to person
Immunization / Vaccine – infect
person with a lesser but similar
virus (cloned sometimes) Body
creates immunity.
Lytic viruses – Causes host cell
to split / die as virus
reproduces.
Lysogenic Virus – A virus that
can hide inside your cells DNA
until it breaks out and then
hides again.
 HIV stands for… HIV=
Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS stands for… AIDS –

Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome