DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

LAOAG CITY

LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Course Description:
This course is designed to be an introduction to the concepts of information systems. Topic covered
include: History of computer, types of computer, the different number systems and specifically the logical
presentation of computer programming through the use of flowcharts. This course also provides a practical
hands-on approach to developing the skills of students through powerful word processing and spreadsheet
application as well as presentation for windows and internet issues.

Course Objectives
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
1. identify the basic components of a computer system
2. know the arithmetic operations on number systems
3. understand how different data types are represented
4. understand the basics of digital logic systems
5. identify the different levels of programming
6. know the functions of an operating system
7. know concepts of data communication, network components and protocols, the Internet issues

Course Requirements
a. Quizzes
b. Case Studies
c. Prelim, Midterm and Final Examination
d. Assignments
e. Seatwork
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

MODULE 1

LESSON 2: COMPUTER THEN, TODAY AND TOMORROW

Direction:

This module contains several lessons. Instruction are explained with activities and examples.
Understand and internalize the learning outcomes. Read well the contents of each lesson. A strategy is
used to let you learn and improve your learning ability and to develop your higher order thinking skills. At
the end of each module, there is an assessment/examination. Understand and answer it as directed.

The Students are expected to:

1. Identify significant continuously trades in the history of the computing field
2. Compare daily life before and after the advert of Personal Computers
3. Decipher simple computation using Chinese abacus and Napier Bones.
4. Provide students with foundational knowledge about mechanical devices.
5. Strength their understanding on the different classification of computers;
6. Understand the purposes of various input and output devices.
7. Understand the various components and function of Central Processing Unit.

MILESTONES IN COMPUTER HISTORY

DATE REMARKABLE EVENT

300 B.C. Abacus is invented in Babylonia. The abacus was an early aid for
mathematical computations. A skilled abacus operator can work on
addition and subtraction problems.

1617 Napier Bones invented by JOHN NAPIER. The bones consist of a series
of numbered rods, each inscribed with a multiplication table; The rods
were usually made of ivory or bone, hence the name.
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

1623 WILHELM SCHICKARD the inventor of Calculating Clock

• Calculating clock have been the first mechanical calculating device ever
developed. It was inspired by his study of John Napier. Schickard
wanted to create a machine that incorporated a set of Napier’s bones.
• It was about the size of a typewriter and could add, subtract, multiply
and divide.
• It operated on six-digit numbers and rang bell to announce overflow.

• In 1642, BLAISE PASCAL developed a mechanical calculator also

called Pascaline. When he was only 19 years old he had been assisting
his father, who worked as a TAX commissions
• He made this to speed up arithmetic for his father.
• Number are dialed in a metal wheels and the solution appear in little
windows on the top.
• The machine was also capable of subtraction. Approximately the size of
1642
a cigar box.
• One of the important features was an automatic carry that is one wheel
was turned from 9 to 0, the next wheel to the left moved one digit.
•
Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz inventor of Leibniz Calculator.

• Leibniz calculator had the ability to add, subtract, multiply, and

divide. By using wheels placed at right angles which could be
displaced by a special stepping mechanism, it could perform rapid
multiplication or division.
1694

1822 Charles Babbage inventor of Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

• Babbage's difference engine was created to calculate a series of

values automatically. By using the method of finite differences, it was
possible to avoid the need for multiplication and division.
• The first difference engine needed around 25,000 parts of a
combined weight of fifteen tons standing eight feet high.

• The analytical engine was a real parallel decimal computer which

 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

would operate on words of 50 decimals and was able to store 1000

such numbers.
• The Engine had all parts of modern computer system: input, output,
memory and CPU.
• The First CPU: Babbage called this portion of the Analytical Engine
1837 which performed the majority of the computation the Mill. The Mill
and the Store are connected by two axes named the Ingress Axis 1
and Ingress Axis 2 and the Egress.

Because of the Analytical Engine Charles Babbage become the “Father

of computing”.

ENIAC
▪ Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
1946 ▪ The world’s first electronic digital computer was developed by Army
Ordinance to computer WORLD WAR II ballistic firing tables.
▪ The Machine designed by DR, JOHN PRESPER ECKERT American
Electrical Engineer and DR. JOHN WILLIAM MAUCHLY professor
of Physics at Ursinus College.

Physical Appearance of ENIAC:

▪ 17,468 vacuum tubes
▪ 7,200 crystal diodes,
▪ 1,500 relays
▪ 70,000 resistors
▪ 10,000 capacitors
▪ Around 5 million hand-soldered joints
▪ It weight 30 short tons
▪ Was roughly 2.4 m by 0.9 m by 30 m
▪ Consume 160 kW of power.
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

EDVAC
▪ Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
▪ The EDVAC is the successor of the ENIAC. Made by the same
designers: Mauchly and Eckert were joined by JOHN VON NEUMANN
and the new design was based on von Neumann.
▪ the EDVAC was built for the U.S. Army's Ballistics Research
Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground by the University of
Pennsylvania.
▪ This machine should be able to hold any programme in memory that
1947 was fed to it.
▪ This would be possible because EDVAC was going to have more
internal memory than any other computing device to date. In other
words a multipurpose computer.

Physical Appearance of EDVAC

• almost 6,000 vacuum tubes

• 12,000 diodes,
• consumed 56 kW of power.
• It covered 490 ft² (45.5 m²) of floor space and weighed 17,300 lb
(7,850 kg).
• he full complement of operating personnel was thirty people for each
eight-hour shift.
UNIVAC

• The Universal Automatic Computer

• UNIVAC was a computer milestone achieved by Dr. Presper Eckert and
Dr. John Mauchly, the team that invented the ENIAC computer.
• The Bureau needed a new computer to deal with the exploding U.S.
population
• The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business
client, the U.S. Bureau of Census in March 31, 1951.
• The final cost of constructing the first UNIVAC was close to one million
dollars.
1951 • The UNIVAC was used for general purpose computing with large
amounts of input and output.
• 1958 total of 46 UNIVAC I computers were delivered

Physical Appearance of UNIVAC

• 5,200 vacuum tubes
• 18,000 crystal diodes
• 300 relays
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

• Weighed 29,000 pounds

• Consumed 125 kW
• The CPU alone was 14 feet by 8 feet by 8.5 feet high
• The complete system occupied more than 350 ft2 of floor space
• Internal storage capacity 1,000 words or 12,000 characters.
• Could perform 1,905 operations per second running on 2.25 MHz
clock

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
Industry experts typically classify computers in seven categories: personal computers (desktop),
mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and
embedded computers.
A. PERSONAL COMPUTERS
A personal computer (PC) or microcomputer is a computer designed to be used by one person at
a time. PCs are widely used by individual and business today.
• Desktop Computers are conventional personal computers that are designed to fit on a desk.
o The most common style of desktop computers today uses a tower case; that is, a system
unit that is designed to sit vertically on the floor. The other desktop case that is designed to
be placed horizontally on a desk’s surface or an all-in-one case that incorporates the
monitor and system unit into a single piece of hardware.
Tower case All-in-one case

Two types of Personal Computer that may be able to perform a limited amount of independent
processing but are designed to be used with a network.

1. Thin client - also called network computer – is a device designed to be used in conjunction with a
company network.
2. Internet appliances - designed primarily for accessing web pages and or exchanging e-mail.

B. MOBILE COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES

A mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place.
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

• Notebook Computers – also called a laptop computer, is a portable,

personal computer often designed to fit on your lap. These types of
computer are thin and lightweight, yet they can be as powerful as the
average desktop computer.
A netbook, which is a type of notebook computer, is smaller, lighter, and
often not as powerful as a traditional notebook computer.

• Tablet computers are a special type of notebook computer that allows you to write or draw on the screen
using a digital pen or stylus. They can be either slate tablets which are just one-piece computer with
just a screen on top and no keyboard or convertible tablets which use the same clamshell design as
notebook computer but the top half can be rotated and folded shut so it can also used as a slate tablet.
Slate Tablet Convertible Tablet

• Ultra Mobile PCs (UMPCs) - also sometimes called handheld computers. This computer are small
enough to fit in one hand. UMPCs are smaller and lighter than netbooks. The can support keyboard,
touch and/or pen input. Depending on the particular design being used.

C. MOBILE DEVICES
Mobile devices, which are small enough to carry in a pocket, usually do not have disk drives. You
often can connect a mobile device to a personal computer to exchange information between the computer
and the mobile device. Some mobile devices are Internet-enabled, meaning they can connect to the
Internet wirelessly. With an Internet-enabled device, users can chat, send e-mail and instant messages,
and access the Web.
• Smartphone is an Internet – enabled telephone that usually provides PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
capabilities. PDA is the older term of Smartphone. Smartphone allows you to send and receive e-mail
messages, access the web and share photographs or videos.
• Handheld Gaming Devices (such as Sony PSP and Nintendo DSi) and Portable Digital Media Player
( such as iPod) that include Internet capabilities can also be referred to as mobile devices.

D. MIDRANGE SERVERS
Also sometimes called a minicomputer or midrange computer – is a
medium sized computer used to host programs and data from a small
network. Midrange Servers can support from two to several thousand
connected computers at the same time. In many cases, one server accesses
data, information, and programs on another server. In other cases, people
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

use personal computers or terminals to access data, information, and programs on a server. A terminal is a
device with a monitor, keyboard, and memory.

E. MAINFRAMES
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can
handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Mainframes store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information.
Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities.
With mainframes, enterprises are able to bill millions of customers, prepare
payroll for thousands of employees, and manage thousands of items in
inventory. One study reported that mainframes process more than 83 percent
of transactions around the world. Mainframes also can act as servers in a network environment. Servers
and other mainframes can access data and information from a mainframe. People also can access
programs on the mainframe using terminals or personal computers.

F. SUPERCOMPUTERS
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer — and the most expensive. The fastest
supercomputers are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a single second. With
weights that exceed 100 tons, these computers can
store more than 20,000 times the data and information of
an average desktop computer. Applications requiring
complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations use
supercomputers. Large-scale simulations and applications in medicine, aerospace, automotive design,
online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration use a
supercomputer.

G. EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
An embedded computer is a special-
purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product. Embedded
computers are everywhere — at home, in your
car, and at work. The following list identifies a
variety of everyday products that contain
embedded computers.

• Consumer Electronics: mobile and digital

telephones, digital televisions, cameras, video recorders, DVD players and recorders, answering machines
• Home Automation Devices: thermostats, sprinkling systems, security monitoring systems, appliances,
lights
• Automobiles: antilock brakes, engine control modules, airbag controller, cruise control
 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

• Process Controllers and Robotics: remote monitoring systems, power monitors, machine controllers,
medical devices

Assessment:
• Quiz will be conducted through Google classroom using the Google Form.
• Activities and Assignment will be posted in the Google Classroom.