Contents

1. PAVEMENT, SOIL AND MATERIAL INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION.......................1

1.1 Scope of Services....................................................................................................1

1.2 Review Past Study Report.......................................................................................1

1.3 REVIEW MATERIAL INVESTIGATION....................................................................1

1.3.1 Pavement Investigation........................................................................................1

1.3.2 Material Investigation............................................................................................3

1.3.3 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 5

1.4 GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA.......................5

1.5 ADOPTED METHODOLOGY FOR SOILS AND MATERIALS INVESTIGATION.....8

1.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey.......................................................................................9

1.5.2 Field Investigations and Sampling........................................................................9

1.5.3 Sampling and Testing...........................................................................................9

1.5.4 Pavement Compositions.....................................................................................11

1.5.5 Test Results of Natural Ground..........................................................................12

1.5.6 Survey and Investigation of Borrow Soil.............................................................13

1.5.7 Survey and Investigation of Fine Aggregate.......................................................15

1.5.8 Stone/Aggregate Material...................................................................................15

1.5.9 Water..................................................................................................................16

1.5.10 Manufactured Materials...................................................................................16

List of Table
Table 1: Summary of Field Investigation................................................................................1

Table 2: Summary of Existing Pavement Compositions.........................................................2

Table 3: CBR of Existing Subgrade........................................................................................2

Table 4: Test Results of Borrow Soil Carried out Previous Study...........................................3

Table 5: Test Results of Sand Carried out Past Study for Subgrade......................................3

Table 6: Test Results of Sand for Concrete Works.................................................................4

Table 7: Test Results of Aggregate Carried out Previous Study.............................................4

Table 8: Test Results of Brick Carried out Previous Study.....................................................4

-i-
Table 9: Test Results Bitumen...............................................................................................5

Table 10: Sampling and Testing Criteria...............................................................................10

Table 11: Existing Pavement Compositions.........................................................................12

Table 12: Location of Ground Sample Collection.................................................................12

Table 13: Summary of existing Subgrade Soil......................................................................13

Table 14: Borrow Area Locations.........................................................................................13

Table 15: Summary of Borrow Soil Test Results..................................................................14

Table 16: Summary of Sand Test Result..............................................................................15

Table 17: Suitability of Water Samples.................................................................................16

List of Figures
Figure 1: Geological Map of the area.....................................................................................7

Figure 2: Seismic Zonation Map.............................................................................................8

-ii-
1. PAVEMENT, SOIL AND MATERIAL INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION
This Report deals with Pavement and Material Investigations along the
Project Road which comprises of Jhenaidah Jashore Section N 7. The length of this
section is 49 km.
The survey and investigations includes review of past study, field and laboratory
testing of soil samples of existing subgrade, determination of existing pavement
composition, laboratory testing of existing pavement materials, identification of
borrow soil locations for embankment and Subgrade construction and laboratory
testing on borrow soil samples, identification and laboratory testing of Quarry
materials which is to be used in different pavement layers, concrete works and
identification of other construction materials.
1.1 Scope of Services
The scope of the services with regard to soil and material investigation
broadly includes:
Review Past Study Report
To identify sources of quarry sites and borrow areas and conduct field and
laboratory testing of the materials to determine their suitability.
Investigation of required sub-grade & sub-soil characteristics and strength of
existing subgrade and embankment including existing natural soil ground
where new carriageway /widening to be carried out.
Alternative pavement materials and technologies for road construction shall
be assessed.
Preparation of material report.
1.2 Review Past Study Report
Feasibility study of this road section has been carried out under “Doulatida
Magura Jhenaidah Jashore Khulna Project”. Test results of Jhenaidah
Jashore secion have been reviewed and presented in this section.
1.3 REVIEW MATERIAL INVESTIGATION
1.1.1 Pavement Investigation
Pit investigation was carried out during feasibility study. Pits were investigated
at km 100+000 (LHS), 105+100 (RHS), 110+000 (LHS),115+000
(RHS),120+600 (LHS), 125+100 (RHS), 130+100 (LHS), 135+000 (RHS),
140+000 (LHS), 145+100 (RHS) and 150+000 (RHS). DCP CBR, existing
pavement compositions and field density are extracted from past study report
and presented in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1: Summary of Field Investigation
Natural In-situ
Subgrade Depth of DCP
Chainage Offset Moisture CBR
Compaction exploration value
Contents value
km % % mm Mm/blow %
100+000 L/S 19.81 88.00 830 35 4.5

-1-
 Natural Subgrade Depth of DCP In-situ
Chainage Offset Moisture CBR
Compaction exploration value
Contents value
105+100 R/S 22.27 87.00 845 35 4.4
110+000 L/S 15.26 92.00 835 36 4.5
115+000 R/S 14.91 88.0 840 50 2.9
120+600 L/S 11.44 92.0 825 12 17.8
125+100 R/S 22.07 80.0 835 35 4.5
130+100 L/S 11.29 89.0 830 12 17.8
135+000 R/S 18.5 78.0 830 26 6.6
140+000 L/S 10.29 90.0 825 19 9.9
145+100 R/S 10.6 78.0 835 43 3.5
150+000 L/S 14.2 93.0 840 31 5.3

Table 2: Summary of Existing Pavement Compositions

Pavement Compositions
Chainage Offset Upper Lower
Asphalt Stone
Subbase Subbase ISG Total
Concrete Base
(Bricks) (Bricks)
km Side mm mm mm mm mm
100+000 L/S 105 175 0 0 230 510
105+100 R/S 60 0 210 0 0 270
110+000 L/S 110 0 200 200 0 510
115+000 R/S 180 0 200 290 0 670
120+600 L/S 170 0 200 0 75 445
125+100 R/S 80 0 180 0 75 335
130+100 L/S 120 0 280 0 0 400
135+000 R/S 160 0 200 170 0 530
140+000 L/S 120 100 240 0 0 460
145+100 R/S 80 0 200 260 300 840
150+000 L/S 50 0 300 0 0 350
CBR of exiting subgrade carried out in the laboratory during feasibility study
and test results are presented in Table 3.
Table 3: CBR of Existing Subgrade
CBR (%)
Location MDD(gm/cc) OMC (%)
90%MDD 93%MDD 95%MDD
105+100 1.874 12.0 7 9.5 11.5
110+000 1.888 11.8 4.3 5.5 6.6
115+000 1.916 10.4 4.8 5.0 5.5
120+600 1.842 14.0 4.0 6.0 8.5
130+100 1.858 12.7 5.0 7.5 9.5

-2-
 CBR (%)
Location MDD(gm/cc) OMC (%)
90%MDD 93%MDD 95%MDD
140+000 1.910 12.2 4.5 6.0 7.0
150.0 1.912 12.3 3.0 3.2 3.5
1.1.2 Material Investigation
1.3.2.1 Borrow Soil
Five borrow areas have been reviewed and test results are presented in
Table 4.
Table 4: Test Results of Borrow Soil Carried out Previous Study
MDD OMC CBR Soil
Location (km) LL PI % Sand
(gm /CC) (%) (%) Type
102,RHS,25 km
Not Tested
Lead
112,LHS,1 km Lead 1.765 14.5 5.9 33 17 CL 11
123,LHS,4 km Lead 36 18 CL 10.8
139,LHS,0 km Lead Similar Soil not tested
168,LHS,0 km Lead 33 17 CL 10.75
It is observed that CL type soil is available along the project road and limited
CBR tests were carried out. Based on this test results CBR Value of 6 is
available along the project and this will be re-verified after collecting more
fresh samples along the project road.
1.3.2.2 Sand
Sand samples were collected from three locations and test results are
presented in Table 5.
Table 5: Test Results of Sand Carried out Past Study for Subgrade
MDD OMC CBR Sand Silt &
Location (km) PI FM
(gm/cc) (%) (%) (%) Clay
65,LHS,2km,Gorai
99.5 0.5 1.02
River, KamarKhali
102,RHS,Katlagari
1.705 15.7 9.9 NP
Char
160,LHS,1km,
1.764 15.7 14 NP 74.8 25.2
Bhairob River
From test results as presented in Table 5, it is observed that CBR of sand
around 10 % is available and Fineness Modulus (FM) of sand is close to 1.
This sand may be used in preparation of sub base with mixing sand and brick
ballast. This sand is also to be used for improved subgrade.

-3-
 Table 6: Test Results of Sand for Concrete Works
Location Place FM Sand Silt and Clay
(%) (%)
At km 226 of N 2 Sunamganj 3.03 99.7 0.3
At km 226 of N 2 Badaghat 2.73 99.6 0.4
At km 226 of N 2 Sharighat 2.84 99.75 0.25
Test results as mentioned in Table 6 are reviewed and FM values and other
properties are found in order. Hence, sand of these locations mentioned in
Table 6 can be used in concrete work.
1.3.2.3 Aggregate
Aggregate from Meghalaya was tested and test results for different sources
are presented in Table 7.
Table 7: Test Results of Aggregate Carried out Previous Study
Water
Specific LA Soundness
Location Source Absorption
Gravity Value (%)
(%)
At km 226 of N
Meghalaya 2.77 0.7 26.82 0.5
2
At km 96
Chittagong 2.72 1.18 32.12
Cox’s Bazar
Basic test results are found in order and these materials shall be used in
asphalt, concrete and other works.
1.3.2.4 Brick
Brick was collected at km 110 and km 159 and test results are presented in
Table 8.
Table 8: Test Results of Brick Carried out Previous Study
Specific Compressive
Location L A Value
Gravity Strength (MPa)
At km 110 (Dakatia) 2.160 36.08 18.6
At km 159
1.98 39.9
(Ramnagar)
Test results are reviewed and bricks are suitable for sub-base construction.
1.3.2.5 Bitumen
Bitumen of Eastern Refinery was tested during previous study and presented
in Table 9.

-4-
 Table 9: Test Results Bitumen

Basic Test results of bitumen are found in order.

1.3.2.6 Other Construction Materials
Steel (KSRM,BSRM,RMS), and cement(Shah, Bashundhara, Anwar) are
manufactured in Bangladesh and these materials shall be used.
1.1.3 Conclusions
Existing subgrade results of past study is presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3 from
eight locations. From these Tables 1, 2 and 3,it is found that DCP CBR varies
from 2.9 % to 17.8 % and level of compaction of subgrade varies from 78 %
to 93 % of MDD. There is also a wide variation of moisture content of existing
subgrade. DCP CBR variation is due to excess moisture content and loose
state of subgrade compaction. Existing subgrade type soil is CL and
subgrade CBR at 95 % MDD varies from 3.5 to 11.5. This shows that existing
soil was used for embankment and subgrade construction.
Test results of construction materials which were carried out during Feasibility
study of Doulatdia Magura Jhenaidah Jashore Khulna Project are reviewed
and it is observed that sufficient quantity of suitable construction materials are
available in the project influence area and within Bangladesh. There will be no
problem of materials for constructions. These will be verified during Material
Investigation and new additional sources will be verified so that there will be
no problem for construction materials.
Borrow materials from five sources were collected and CL type soils are found
and CBR value of 6 %. Fine sand were collected from two locations and CBR
of these sands are 9.9 and 14 %. These sands can be used in improved
subgrade. Sand were collected from three locations with fineness modulus
value varies from 2.73 to 3.03. Sand from these three locations can be used
in concrete works, RE Wall filling, subgrade works. Basic test results of
aggregates are found in order and these materials shall be used in asphalt,
concrete and other works. Bricks collected from two locations are suitable for
sub-base construction. Bitumen from Eastern refinery is suitable for asphalt
works.
1.4 GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA
Physiography
Jhenaidah District is a district in south western Bangladesh. It has an area of
1,964.77 km2 (758.60 sq mi). It is bordered by Kushtia District to the
north, Jessore District and West Bengal, India to the south, Rajbari Dis-
trict and Magura District to the east, and Chuadanga District and West Ben-

-5-
gal, India to the west. The largest city and headquarter of this district
is Jhenaidah. At the beginning of the British rule Jhenaidah was a police out-
post and was turned into a thana in 1793. The Jhenaidah Sub division was
established in 1862 and was turned into a district in 1984.
Jessore District  is a district in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. It is
bordered by India to the west, Khulna District and Satkhira District to the
south, Khulna and Narail to the east, and Jhenaidah District and Magura
District to the north. Jessore is the capital of the district. Jessore district was
established in 1781. It consists of 8 municipalities, 8 upazilas, 92 unions,
1329 mouzas, 1477 villages and 120 mahallas. Upazilas are Abhaynagar
Upazila, Bagherpara Upazila, Chaugachha Upazila, Jessore Sadar
Upazila, Jhikargachha Upazila, Keshabpur Upazila, Manirampur Upazila,
and Sharsha Upazila.
The district produces a variety of crops year-round. Date sugar, called patali,
is made from the sap of locally grown date trees. It is cooked, thickened and
crystallised using a traditional method. Patali is mainly produced in Khajura,
but many date trees are cultivated in the Keshabpur Upazila and Manirampur
Upazila areas.
Climate
The climate of the project area is subtropical, with a pleasantly warm and
sunny winter from November to February, a short hot spring between March
and May, and a long rainy season from June to October due to the summer
monsoon. The dry season runs from November to March. The monsoon left
the region during the month of October, but the rains can sometimes last until
November, or when a cyclone arrives. In general, however, November is hot
but not too much, with highs around 30 °C and sunny.
The actual winter begins in December and is characterized by warm and
sunny days, followed by cool nights. In January, the coldest month, lows are
around 11 °C and highs around 23 °C. Along the coast, the night tempera-
tures are slightly higher because of the influence of the sea. During winter, es-
pecially in December and January, fog can form in inland areas (therefore
also in Dhaka), and there can be quite cool days, with highs below 20 °C.
Soil and Geology
The deposition of sediments was vastly controlled by Quaternary sea level
fluctuation, climatic conditions and tectonic activities. The Bengal Basin was
filled with sediments of Tertiary and Quaternary age. Mainly the Ganges
deltaic deposits of Late Holocene to Recent age cover the study area. The
modern deltaic plain in the western Bengal Basin can be divided into two
regions: the Upper Delta plain of meander belts of the Ganges– Bhagirathi
rivers in the north; and the lower delta plain with numerous tidal creeks in the
south. The lower deltaic plain, formed in Pleistocene–Holocene time, is
characterized by the presence of an extensive clay layer of varying thickness
(15–76 m) which is underlain by silt, sand, and gravel.
The Ganges Delta, one of the largest deltas in the world, is located in the
lower reaches of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. The Ganges delta lies at

-6-
the junction of three tectonic plates: the Indian plate, the Eurasian plate, and
the Burma plate. The rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra flow into the delta from
the northwest and the north. The landforms of the Bengal lowland, including
the Ganges delta and its surrounding region, consist of Pleistocene uplands
and alluvial lowlands. The relative height of the Pleistocene upland above the
surface of the alluvial lowland is 3-10 m in the north and 0-5 m in the south.
The alluvial lowlands are subdivided into three geomorphological regions,
namely the Brahmaputra- Jamuna floodplain in the north, the Sylhet basin in
the northeast, and the Ganges Delta in the south of the region. Mainly the
Ganges deltaic deposits of Late Holocene to Recent age cover the project
area. The surface lithology of the area is of deltaic deposits which are
composed of tidal deltaic deposits, deltaic silt deposits and mangrove swamp
deposits. The subsurface lithology is characterized by a heterogeneous
mixture of sand, silt and clay. The Latest Pleistocene and Holocene
sediments in the Ganges Delta and its surrounding region are divided into five
units: the lowest, lower, middle, upper and uppermost units. These have been
deposited since the maximum epoch of the Last glacial age.Fig.1 shows the
Geological Map of Bangladesh.

Figure 1: Geological Map of the area

Seismicity

-7-
 Bangladesh is stated as one of the most natural disaster-prone countries in the
world. The geographical setting of the country makes it vulnerable to natural hazards.
Among different disasters in Bangladesh, tornado, flood, earthquake, and cyclone
are major hazards according to the historical occurrences and their potential dam-
ages.
Bangladesh lies in an active seismic location. Moreover, being a riverine country, the
sediments are much affected by the combination of river process and seismic activ-
ity.
Seismic status in Bangladesh has been studied using earthquake data
recorded by the global network of USGS during 1980 to 2016. Seismicity pa-
rameters such as magnitude of completeness 𝑀𝑐 , 𝑏-value and a-value are be-
ing studied through different literatures. It has observed that the overall 𝑏-
value in and around Bangladesh is of 0.84, which is seemed to be seismically
active zone. Seismic Map is shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 2: Seismic Zonation Map

1.5 ADOPTED METHODOLOGY FOR SOILS AND MATERIALS INVESTIGATION
Following Methodology has been carried by the Consultants for soil and
material investigations.

-8-
1.1.4 Reconnaissance Survey
Reconnaissance survey has been carried out and a team of engineers and
technicians were deployed on commencement of project for conducting field in-
vestigations and laboratory testing works. After a detailed reconnaissance
along the project corridor, the soil and material investigations are planned in
line with requirements and task mentioned in Term of Reference (TOR). The
team is constantly monitored and guided by Sr. Pavement Engineer and Mate-
rial Engineer so that all the surveys and investigations should be as per require-
ment of ToR.
1.1.5 Field Investigations and Sampling
The soil and material investigation site works includes all the activities and
tasks in compliance and carried out as per provision mentioned in ToR. The in-
vestigation activities which were followed on site are mentioned below:
Investigation of existing Pavement and Subgrade: The project road has
been visited and it was found that major portion of the project road is generally
poor to very poor condition. Alligator cracks and rut are also observed at sev-
eral places of the project road. Major portion of the road passes through agri-
cultural land with low embankment height and raising of embankment is re-
quired so that subgrade level will be minimum 1.0 m above HFL. Considering
all these aspects, it is concluded that existing pavement shall be removed up to
subbase level and improved subgrade of 300 mm with CBR of 8 %. Additional
six pits are excavated recently to re-check the pavement compositions.
Investigation for Borrow Soil Earth: This investigation includes locating and
ascertaining suitability of the borrow soil in areas along or near the project road
sections of N 7 and construction of sub-grade and embankment of widening/
new carriageway portion of pavement as well as foundation for various road
cross-section elements.
Investigation for Construction Materials: This investigation is carried out to
ascertain the suitability and availability of quarry materials,water,brick and pos-
sibility of other industrial waste and alternative materials besides manufactured
materials such as brick, cement, bitumen, steel, etc. within a reasonable
haulage for construction of embankment, subgrade/Stabilized subgrade, sub-
base/stabilized sub-base, base course and top layers (asphalt/concrete) of
pavement sections along the project road alignments.
1.1.6 Sampling and Testing
For evaluating the characteristics and suitability of soils and various
construction materials, representative samples of soil/construction materials
as mentioned in TOR, are collected from identified borrow area, identified
quarries of stone metal/sand and water sources.
Visual inspection of the existing pavement condition was conducted prior to
commencement of investigation work. As per requirements in TOR and visual
inspection analysis, the sampling frequency was adopted. Ten trial pits were
dug along the Project corridor for determination of natural ground level soil
type.

-9-
The sampling and various laboratory tests conducted on soil and other
construction materials are presented in Table 10.
Table 10: Sampling and Testing Criteria
Testing Criteria
S. Type of Standard
Sampling
No. Samples Description of Test Code
Applicable
AASHTO
Soil Classification
M145

Widening Sieve Analysis AASTO T88

Area Soil
AASHTO
samples from
Atterberg Limits T89 and T
either side of
90
project road
Total 10 soil
to check soil Laboratory Compaction AASHTO
i) samples were
suitability of Test (Modified Proctor T99 / T180
collected.
natural Test)
ground soil
as 4-day soaked CBR at 3 AASHTO
embankment energy levels T193
construction corresponding to 10, 35
& 65 blows of heavy
compaction rammer on
selected soil
AASHTO
Soil Classification
M145
Sieve Analysis AASTO T88
AASHTO
Atterberg Limits T89 and T
90
Soil samples Total 16 Samples
ii) from borrow were collected and Laboratory Compaction AASHTO
areas tested. Test (Modified Proctor T99 / T180
Test)
4-day soaked CBR at 3 AASHTO
energy levels T193
corresponding to 10, 35
& 65 blows of heavy
compaction rammer
iii) Stone metal Representative AASHTO
Sieve Analysis
samples of various T27
samples from sizes of stone were
crushers collected locally. Flakiness and Elongation ASTM 4791
Index Part 10
/quarries
Sp. Gravity & Water AASHTO
Absorption T85

-10-
 Testing Criteria
S. Type of Standard
Sampling
No. Samples Description of Test Code
Applicable
ASTM
Aggregate Impact Value
D5874 Part
(AIV)
16

Alkali Aggregates ASTM

Reactivity Test C1260

Stripping and Coating AASHTO

test T182
Soundness if absorption AASHTO
is more than 2% T104

AASHTO
Grain Size Analysis
T27
Designation of sand AASHTO
zone T191

Thirteen (13) Sp. Gravity & Water AASHTO

iv) Fine samples are Absorption T84
Aggregates collected from
different sources AASHTO
Fineness Modulus T191

4-day soaked CBR at 3 AASHTO

energy levels T193
corresponding to 10, 35
& 65 blows of heavy
compaction rammer

 One sample from ASTM D-

pH Value, Chlorides, 1293,
each of the three
Sulphates (SO3), Acidity,
Water sources identified D 516,
v) Alkalinity, Organic,
sample within the project
Inorganic impurities and D1067, D
influence area was
suspended matter 512, D7573
collected.

Laboratory
All the materials were collected from site and sent laboratory for testing as
mentioned below:
M. Ahamed & Associates Ltd
House # 533(1 st Floor),
Road 11 Baitul Aman

-11-
 Housing Society Adabor, Mohadmmadpur
Dhaka – 1207.
1.1.7 Pavement Compositions
Pit investigation has been carried out to verify the pavement compositions as
captured during past study and these are compared and presented in Table
11. Details are shown in Annexure 1.
Table 11: Existing Pavement Compositions
Pavement Compositions (Previous Study)
Chainage Side Upper Lower
Asphalt Stone
Subbase Subbase ISG Total
Concrete Base
(Bricks) (Bricks)
km mm mm mm mm mm
106+00 L/S 110 140 160 0 0 410
120+90
110+000 L/S 60 120 140 0 530
mm
114+000 R/S 120 115 65 0 120 420
120+600 L/S 70 300 0 130 0 500
130+100 L/S 80 250 80 410
205-old
140+100 L/S 195 85 175 0 660
BT
Some Pits are excavated at more or less same locations where earlier pit
were excavated. Variation of total thicknesses is observed. Time difference
between these tests is approximately 10 years. In some locations, additional
layers were provided and some locations, thicknesses are reduced. This is
due to type of rehabilitations are taken during last 10 years i.e., overlaying
/scarifying, reconstruction and overlaying. From Table 11, it can be concluded
that Average thicknesses are more or less same as obtained from past study
and present study.
1.1.8 Test Results of Natural Ground
Natural ground samples are collected from ten locations as mentioned in
Table 12
Table 12: Location of Ground Sample Collection
Sample No. Location (CH). Km Offset, m Depth, m Date of Sampling
SRP-1 107.6 20 L 0.7 ~ 1.0 23/03/2022
SRP-2 112.8 20 R 0.7 ~ 1.0 23/03/2022
SRP-3 120.4 20 L 0.7 ~ 1.0 23/03/2022
SRP-4 124.7 17 R 0.7 ~ 1.0 24/03/2022
SRP-5 130.4 17 L 0.8 ~ 1.1 24/03/2022
SRP-6 136.0 20 R 0.7 ~ 0.9 24/03/2022
SRP-7 141.8 19 L 0.7 ~ 1.0 24/03/2022
SRP-8 145.9 15 R 0.6 ~ 0.9 24/03/2022

-12-
 SRP-9 148.7 17 L 0.5 ~ 0.8 24/03/2022
SRP-10 104.5 20 R 0.5 ~ 0.8 28/03/2022
Laboratory Tests:
Ten samples are collected from widening locations. Various Laboratory test
were conducted on natural ground soil sample as mentioned in Table 10.
About 35-40 kg of soil sample was collected in a bag from each test pit.
Proper identification mark and location of the sample was recorded and sent
to the laboratory for testing.
The summary of the test results of natural ground soil samples are presented
in Table 13 which shows the general and broad characteristics of natural
ground soil of the project road. Test results of pit samples are given in Table
13 and Annexure 2.
Table 13a: Summary of Natural Ground Soil Properties

Sample Sand(%) Silt(%) Clay(%) LL(%) PL PI

SRP-1 3 84 13 54 24 20
SRP-2 14 77 9 34 22 12
SRP-3 23 69 8 Non Plastic
SRP-4 5 77 18 51 31 20
SRP-5 2 82 16 60 30 30
SRP-6 9 79 12 33 21 12
SRP-7 1 84 15 37 26 11
SRP-8 4 82 14 34 22 12
SRP-9 12 80 8 34 22 12
SRP-10 7 81 12 32 22 10

From Table 13a,it is found that the project road passes through plastic soil with liquid limit
varies from 60 to non-plastic and Plasticity Index varies from 10 to 30. Soil at km 130.4 is
unsuitable for foundation of embankment.

Table 14b: Summary of Natural Ground Soil Properties

Sample MDD OMC Swell CBR (%)in

(%) Term of
Description gm/CC (%) MDD
93 % 95%
SRP-1 1.845 15.80 2.51 1.05 1.9

-13-
 SRP-2 1.790 15.50 2.12 2.6 4.0
SRP-3 1.839 14.50 1.81 1.9 4.4
SRP-4 1.835 16.04 2.52 1.5 2.5
SRP-5 1.749 16.50 2.67 1.1 2.0
SRP-6 1.749 14.50 2.36 1.3 2.9
SRP-7 1.760 15.10 2.44 1.3 3.1
SRP-8 1.810 15.50 2.59 1.0 2.6
SRP-9 1.820 15.80 2.60 1.3 2.3
SRP-10 1.825 16.05 2.68 1.5 2.7

The Laboratory CBR for soaked condition at three energy levels were
conducted on natural ground soil sample in order to obtain CBR at different
compaction levels.
The following conclusion has been drawn from the Table 13.
 The natural ground soil is clayey soil along the project road section of
Jhenaidah Johore with CBR varying in the range of 1.05 % to 2.6 % at
93 % MDD and samples having CBR 1.9-2.9 at 95 % MDD.

1.1.9 Survey and Investigation of Borrow Soil

Test results of past borrow materials are reviewed and presented in Table 4.
Total 16 samples are collected presently to verify borrow area sample. Lead
Chart is shown in Appendix A. Locations of samples are presented in Table
15. Various laboratory tests as mentioned in Table 10 are conducted on these
collected soil samples. Detailed test results are presented in Annexure 3.

-14-
 Table 15: Borrow Area Locations

Sample Locatio Ref. Date of

Offset Depth, m
No. n (CH). Station ampling

BP-1 78.0 Goalunda 0.2 Km (L) 0.7 ~ 1.1 28/03/2022

BP-2 78.0 Goalunda 1.0 Km (L) 0.5 ~ 0.8 28/03/2022

BP-3 78.0 Goalunda 1.0 Km (L) 0.5 ~ 0.9 28/03/2022

BP-4 95.0 Goalunda 0.2 Km (L) 0.5 ~ 0.8 28/03/2022

0.25 Km
BP-5 95.0 Goalunda 0.7 ~ 1.1 28/03/2022
(L)

0.30 Km
BP-6 95.0 Goalunda 0.5 ~ 0.8 28/03/2022
(L)

BP-7 26.0 Jhenaidah 100m (L) 0.7 ~ 1.0 28/03/2022

BP-8 26.0 Jhenaidah 50m (L) 0.6 ~ 0.9 28/03/2022

BP-9 26.1 Jhenaidah 50m (L) 0.5 ~ 0.8 28/03/2022

BP-10 112 Goalunda 1 Km (L) 0.5 ~ 0.8 30/03/2022

BP-11 112 Goalunda 0.9 Km (L) 0.6 ~ 0.8 30/03/2022

BP-12 123 Goalunda 4 Km (L) 0.5 ~ 0.8 30/03/2022

BP-13 123 Goalunda 4 Km (L) 0.6 ~ 0.8 30/03/2022

BP-14 139 Goalunda 50m (L) 0.5 ~ 0.9 30/03/2022

BP-15 139 Goalunda 50m (L) 0.6 ~ 0.9 30/03/2022

BP-16 139 Goalunda 100m (L) 0.6 ~ 0.9 30/03/2022

The summary of borrow soil test results are shown in Table 15.
Table 15a: Summary of Borrow Material Properties

Sample Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) LL (%) PL PI

BP-1 4 79 17 45 27 18

BP-2 14 72 14 39 23 16

BP-3 22 65 13 37 21 16

-15-
 BP-4 45 50 5 Non Plastic

BP-5 14 73 13 31 21 10

BP-6 20 66 14 38 21 17

BP-7 3 79 18 44 26 18

BP-8 4 84 12 42 24 18

BP-9 2 81 17 61 30 31

BP-10 5 81 14 33 22 11

BP-11 3 80 17 39 24 15

BP-12 3 81 16 53 29 24

BP-13 9 78 13 40 25 15

BP-14 11 77 12 28 23 5

BP-15 9 78 13 31 20 11

BP-16 3 82 15 39 25 14

Table 15b: Summary of Borrow Material Properties

Sample MDD OMC Swell CBR (%)

Description gm/cc (%) (%) 93 % 95 %
MDD MDD
BP-1 1.840 16.50 2.44 0.70 1.50

BP-2 1.830 16.02 2.59 1.35 2.20

BP-3 1.825 16.03 2.51 0.75 2.00

BP-4 1.760 14.50 1.18 2.15 4.30

BP-5 1.815 15.50 2.44 2.60 3.60

BP-6 1.830 15.80 2.59 0.85 1.80

BP-7 1.810 15.04 2.04 2.00 3.40

BP-8 1.805 15.50 2.51 1.20 2.80

BP-9 1.829 16.50 2.75 1.20 1.90

BP-10 1,780 14.50 1.65 1.80 3.70

BP-11 1.821 16.03 2.59 1.20 2.20

-16-
 BP-12 1.830 15.50 2.28 1.80 2.05

BP-13 1.814 15.02 2.28 2.00 3.40

BP-14 1.740 14.00 1.57 1.90 4.20

BP-15 1.730 14.05 2.20 2.50 4.20

BP-16 1.829 16.05 2.51 1.50 2.50

Test results of past borrow materials are reviewed and presented in Table 4. Total
16 samples are collected presently to verify borrow area sample. Lead Chart is
shown in Appendix A. Locations of samples are presented in Table 14.Various
laboratory tests as mentioned in Table 10 are conducted on these collected soil
samples. Detailed test results are presented
Table 16: Summary of Borrow Soil Test Results
Description Results
Soil Class CL
No. of Samples 16
Range of Liquid Limit (%) 28 - 61
Range of Plasticity Index 5 - 31
Range of OMC (%) 14 – 16.50
Range of MDD (gm/cc) 1.730 – 1.840
Range of Soaked CBR At 93% of MDD
0.7 – 2.6
At 95% of MDD
1.5 – 4.3
Following Conclusions and recommendations are made from the various
laboratory tests on the soil samples from borrow area:
a. The soaked CBR with 97% compaction of the borrow soil varies from 4.5%
to 25.5% for SM soil and from 8.1% to 12.1% for SW-SM. Considering all
the borrow areas, 85% of soaked CBR (97% Compaction) of borrow soil is
above 8%.
b. Considering due allowance to possible variability during construction
operations, it is suggested that the borrow area soil which have soaked
CBR in the range of 8%-15% or more will be considered for subgrade
construction.
1.1.10 Survey and Investigation of Fine Aggregate
Eight sources have been identified for sand along and outside the project
corridor. Sand will be used in improved subgrade, subbase, and concrete
work. The Lead Chart and details are given in Appendix B and details test
results are presented in Annexure 4. Table 16 presents the summary of the
sand test results.
Table 17: Summary of Sand Test Result

-17-
Sl Lead
Shear
Distance
No Fineness Strength CBR
Location from Remarks
Jhenaidah Modulus Parameter (%)
(C/Ø)
(km)
1 Padma river 90 1.53 Suitable for improved
subgrade, subbase &
2 Padma river 86 1.54
base Type II filling
material,
embankment filling
3 Gorai river 37 1.33 Suitable for
improved subgrade
& embankment
filling
4 Padma river 70 1.71 Suitable for improved
subgrade, subbase &
base Type II filling
material &
embankment filling
5 Padma river 70 0.90 Suitable for improved
subgrade,
embankment filling
6 Sylhet sand 420 3.07 Suitable for improved
subgrade,subbase &
base Type II filling
material & RCC
Work, embankment
filling
7 Madhumati 75 & 26km 0.45 0 / 340 Unsuitable & may
river from be used in
Jashore embankment filling
8 Panchagarh 400 2.27 Suitable for
embankment filling,
improved
subgrade,subbase &
base Type II filling
material & RCC
Work
9 Gorai river 65(U/S) 0.78 Unsuitable & may be
used in embankment
filling
10 Gorai river 65(D/S) 0.40 0 / 370 Suitable for
embankment filling,
improved subgrade,
subbase & base
Type II filling material
11 Gorai river 65(Bank) 1.24 Suitable for
embankment filling,
improved

-18-
Sl Lead
Shear
Distance
No Fineness Strength CBR
Location from Remarks
Jhenaidah Modulus Parameter (%)
(C/Ø)
(km)
subgrade,subbase
illing material
Sand with minimum FM 1 and 1.5 will be used in subbase course and base Type 2
II. Sand with minimum FM value of 0.8 can be used in improved subgrade. Minimum
improved subgrade CBR requirement is 8%.CBR. During previous study sand with
CBR of 9.9 and 14 were reported as mentioned in Table 5.

1.1.11 Stone/Aggregate Material

A few stone quarries are identified for the Pavement and structure
construction of Project corridor. Limited aggregates are available in
Bangladesh namely Madhyapara, Panchgarh and other places. Generally,
aggregates from Pakur (India) are used for construction of wearing course
and binder course. Madhya Para aggregates can be used in granular
aggregate base, RCC works,. Aggregate s are also brought from Meghalaya
and crushed stone is also available Jaflong. Testing is progress
1.1.12 Water
Three (3) samples were identified along the project influence area and were
collected for testing. The detailed test results of water samples are in
presented in Annexure 5. The suitability of water samples with Chainage are
presented in Table 17.
Table 18: Suitability of Water Samples

Chainage PH Chloride COD TSS Remarks

112 7.6 30 80 15

118.4 7.5 36 36 12

122.3 7.4 20 12 5

Limit 6.5 – 7.5 150-600 10 4 Bangladesh

PHE
Limit 500 2000 I S 456

Unit - mg/liter mg/liter mg/liter

From Table 17, it found that PH, chloride content and TSS are found in order
except COD value is on the higher side. This is the matter of concern of water
for drinking purposes. Due to limitation time and other constraints, the
Consultants have carried out limited study. During supervision time, the

-19-
 Contractor will search for more water sources and construct deep tube well.
Organic, inorganic and SO3 contents are not tested due to non-availability of
this facility in the testing center.

1.1.13 Manufactured Materials

Inquiries were made at site along with desk studies to locate sources for
cement, steel and bitumen close to the project road. Cement and steel are
available from local market. Bitumen can be obtained from Eastern Refinery.
These are already explained in Sections 1.3.2.5 and 1.3.2.6 of this present
report.

1.1.14 Conclusions
As per Sub-section 2.6.2, minimum CBR of embankment is 4 % at 98 % MDD
in accordance with STP 4.3 and maximum liquid limit is 50 % and maximum
plasticity index is limited to 25 %.
As per Sub-section 2.7.2, minimum CBR of subgrade is 6 % at 95 % MDD in
accordance with STP 4.4 and maximum liquid limit is 50 % and maximum
plasticity index is limited to 15 %.
As per Sub-section 2.8.1, minimum CBR of improved subgrade is 8 % at 95 %
MDD in accordance with STP 4.5. Material will be non-plastic with minimum
FM value 1.
As per Sub-section 2.10.2, minimum CBR of earthen shoulder is 8 % at 98 %
MDD in accordance with STP 4.3 and maximum liquid limit is 40 % and
maximum plasticity index is between 7 and 15.
Sand with FM value in the range of 2.0 – 3.0 will be used for RCC work. Sand
with minimum FM 1 will be used in subbase course and sand with minimum
FM of 1.5 will be used base Type 2 II.

Basic test results of aggregate are ACV, LAA and water absorption for
suitability of aggregate in Base course, asphalt work are presented in Table
below.
Description
Description ACV (%) LAA (%) Water Remarks
Absorption
(%)
Base Type 1 <30 <35 <2 Specification
Limit
Base Type 1 <35 <40 <2
Wearing <25 <30 <2
Course
Binder Course <30 <35 <2

-20-
Location

01575449647



-21-