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  • Chemical Technician Exam Review: General Chem - Solutions

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    Prisca Barrientos Limbag
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    1. The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures with a solute dissolved in a solvent. It describes factors that affect solubility such as the nature of the solute and solvent, pressure, and temperature. 2. Qualitative and quantitative methods are presented for describing the concentration of solutions, including percent by mass/volume, molarity, molality, normality, and mole fraction. 3. Factors that influence solubility include the polarity of solute and solvent, intermolecular forces, pressure, and temperature. "Like dissolves like" due to similar intermolecular forces between solute and solvent.

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    CHEMICAL TECHNICIAN EXAM REVIEW: GENERAL CHEM - SOLUTIONS

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    1. The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures with a solute dissolved in a solvent. It describes factors that affect solubility such as the nature of the solute and solvent, pressure, and temperature. 2. Qualitative and quantitative methods are presented for describing the concentration of solutions, including percent by mass/volume, molarity, molality, normality, and mole fraction. 3. Factors that influence solubility include the polarity of solute and solvent, intermolecular forces, pressure, and temperature. "Like dissolves like" due to similar intermolecular forces between solute and solvent.

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    61 views8 pages

    Chemical Technician Exam Review: General Chem - Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Prisca Barrientos Limbag
    1. The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures with a solute dissolved in a solvent. It describes factors that affect solubility such as the nature of the solute and solvent, pressure, and temperature. 2. Qualitative and quantitative methods are presented for describing the concentration of solutions, including percent by mass/volume, molarity, molality, normality, and mole fraction. 3. Factors that influence solubility include the polarity of solute and solvent, intermolecular forces, pressure, and temperature. "Like dissolves like" due to similar intermolecular forces between solute and solvent.

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    of 8

    I.

    GENERAL CHEMISTRY - High Temp, Low Solubility of gas in


    G. SOLUTIONS liquid
    - homogeneous mixture
    - Components: QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF SOL’NS
    1. Solute: present in smaller qty Concentration
    2.Solvent: present in larger qty; - Amt of solute dissolved in a solvent
    dissolving medium or in a sol’n
    -Whenever H2O acts as a solvent, we call - Ways of expressing concentration
    the sol’n AQUEOUS SOL’NS 1. Qualitative
    a. Dilute Sol’n – relatively small
    NaCl(s) à NaCl(aq) amt of solute is dissolved
    b. Concentrated Sol’n –
    SOLUBILITY and SOLUBILITY RULES relatively large amt of solute
    Intermolecular intrxns involved in the is dissolved
    sol’n process: c. Degree of Saturation
    i. Unsaturated Sol’n
    Solute-Solute < Solvent-Solute > - < than max amt of
    Solvent-Solvent solute in a given
    solvent
    Solvent-Solute intrxns are either ii. Saturated Sol’n
    comparable to or greater than the - max amt of solute in
    Solute-Solute, and Solvent-Solvent to a given solvent
    result into a solution iii. Supersaturated Sol’n
    - > than max amt of
    “Like dissolves Like” solute in a given
    polar and ionic solute à polar solvent solvent
    nonpolar solute à nonpolar solvent - unstable
    because of their similarity of IMFA

    SOLUBILITY
    - Max amt of solute that can be
    dissolved in a solvent at certain temp
    - Soluble, slightly soluble, insoluble

    FACTORS AFFFECTING SOLUBILITY


    1. Nature of solute and solvent
    - Polarity of solvents
    - Solute-Solvent intrxns
    2. Pressure effects
    - Solubility of gas in liquid
    - High Pressure = High Solubility of gas
    in liquid
    - Henry’s Law: Sg =kPg
    3. Temperature effects
    - Solubility of solid in liquid
    - High Temp, High Solubility of solid in
    liquid
    - Solubility of gas in liquid
    2. Percent by volume (%v/v)
    2. Quantitative
    Units of Concentration
    1. Percent by mass (%m/m)
    Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass of Sol’n
    = Mass solute + Mass solvent
    3. Parts-per-million (ppm)

    4. Parts-per-billion (ppb)
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION 2. MOLALITY = mol/kg
    1. MOLARITY (M) = mol/L
    3. NORMALITY (N) = eq/L
    n = eq/mol
    4. MOLE FRACTION (X)
    PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS AND DILUTIONS

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