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Unit 2. Relief and Climate
Unit 2. Relief and Climate
Unit 2. Relief and Climate
Climate graphs
represent the
temperatures
and precipitation
of an area
during an entire
year.
One side marks degrees centigrade ( ºC). We use The other side marks millilitres. We use this side
The months of the year are at the
this side to measure the temperature with red dots to measure the precipitation with blue bars.
bottom of the graph.
and connect them with a line.
CLIMATE FACTORS
ALTITUDE
LATITUDE
1. POLAR ZONES
4. MOUNTAIN CLIMATE
• Precipitation: Little,
mainly in spring and
autumn.
• Temperature: Long, cold
winters and short, hot
summer.
2. SUBTROPICAL • Vegetation: Chestnut,
holm oak, scrubland,
CLIMATE
pine.
• Precipitation: Little,
more frequent in 3. COASTAL MEDITERRANEAN
the north.
• Temperature: Mild • Precipitation: Little and irregular,
and warm all year sometimes torrential.
round. • Temperature: Mild winters and hot
• Vegetation: summers.
Canary Island pine, • Vegetation: Holm oak, cork oak and pine.
oak and fir.
Spanish rivers are very different according to the landscape or the climate they are
THE RIVERS OF SPAIN found in. Depending of the sea or ocean, that they flow into, the rivers can be grouped
together in WATERSHEDS.
RIVERS IN THE
RIVERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
ATLANTIC WATERSHED: WATERSHED:
- The GUADALQUIVIR and - The most important are
the rivers that cross the the TER, LLOBREGAT,
MESETA CENTRAL, like TURIA JÚCAR, SEGURA
the Duero, Tajo or and ALMANZORA.
Guadiana:
- They are long - They are short
rivers. rivers.
- Their volume of - They have a low
water is irregular and irregular
because it goes volume of water.
down a lot in *. The EBRO is the only
summer. exception because it is the
longest and the largest river
- The ATLANTIC RIVERS of in Spain. It is the heaviest
the northeast: the TAMBRE, water flow.
ULLA and MIÑO.
THE RELIEF OF SPAIN Relief is the shape of Earth´s surface. Spain has a diverse land relief.
ARCHIPELAGOS
The higher sea levels will Plants and animals will not be
flood our coasts. able to adapt to it and will
die out.
CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE CLIMATE CHANGE
Decreasing some of our negative activities can help stop climate change.
4. INTENSIVE FARMING
2. DEFORESTATION
Crop fertilisers and the gases created
Trees help turn carbon dioxide into
by farm animals when they digest
oxygen. Cutting them down
food are also harmful to the
increases the carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
atmosphere.