Abrogena Final Paper

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ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
KUMBONG: DRESS CODE AMONG MUSLIM WOMEN
____________________
A Qualitative Research
Presented to
The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Ilocos Sur National High School
Senior High School
Vigan City
____________________
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1
____________________
Keilah Mari O. Abrogena

Maricel B. Raguindin
Rahima B. Matuan
Sarah S. Abul
2020
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CERTIFICATION
This qualitative research entitled “Kumbong: Dress Code Among
Mulim Women” prepared and submitted by Keilah Mari Abrogena, Maricel
Raguindin, Rahima Matuan, and Sarah Abul, in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the subjects Practical Research 1, Reading and Writing,
Pagbasa at Pagsusuri ng Iba’t Ibang Teksto tungo sa Pananaliksik,
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, and Disciplines and Ideas in
the Applied Social Sciences has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.
RICHMOND ROMAR S. RIVERA, MAT-Eng

Critic
HENRY B. BUEMIO EdD

Adviser
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APPROVAL SHEET
Approved by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a grade
of PASSED.
RODELIA L. ABANG
Chairperson
JAREASON C. FABRE MALENKOV LYNDON V.TORRES

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment for the subjects Practical
Research 1, Reading and Writing, Pagbasa at Pagsusuri ng Iba’t Ibang Teksto
tungo sa Pananaliksik, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, and
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences
JANICE V. ALONZO, EdD

Subject Group Head
Humanities and Social Sciences
Date : December 05, 2019
Date : March 04, 2020
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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The researchers wished to express their heartfelt thanks and gratitude
for the immeasurable assistance extended in sharing their invaluable time,
constant motivation, inspiration, and advices in realization of this study,
particularly to the following:
Mr. Romulo Q. Quitevis, principal of Ilocos Sur National High School
for his permission and humble approval in conducting the study.
Mr. Jareason C. Fabre, the researcher’s section adviser, for his
patience in teaching the method of research and also for his motivation,
guidance, patient and support in the conducting of study.
Mr. Henry B. Buemio, the research adviser for his invaluable guidance,
advice, unending support encouragement for lending his precious time, and
suggestions for the completion of the study.
Mr. Richmond Romar S. Rivera, the critic, for his helpful suggestions,
for imparting and coveying his ideas in improving this research.
Mr. and Mrs. Abrogena, Mr. and Mrs. Raguindin, Mr. and Mrs.
Matuan, and Mr. and Mrs. Abul, their parents who inspired them with their
love and endless support especially in financial support for them to continue
pursuing their studies.
The informants, for their cooperation, active and vital participation
towards lending their time in answering the questions patiently.
Most of all God, the source of our strength and knowledge that gave
us opportunity to pursue this kind of work.
DEDICATION
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This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our parents, who have been our
source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up, who
continually provides us moral, emotional and financial support.
To our brothers,sisters, relatives and friends, teachers who shared their
words of advice and encouraging us to finish this study.
And lastly to our Almighty God, thank you for your guidance, love, strength,
power of mind, protection and skills. For giving us good health and also for
your never ending support. We offer all these to you.
K.M.O.A
M.B.R
R.B.M
S.S.A
ABSTRACT
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The study was conducted to determine the dress code among Muslim
women. This study aimed to explore the beliefs and traditions of Muslim
women, what are the different headdresses of Muslim women,what is the
importance of headdress among Muslim women, and how do this headdress
reflect the Muslim culture.
The study utilized the ethnographic study research design. In
determining the sample size, the researchers used purposive sampling.
Among Islam community, Imam and 5 various age groups of Muslim women is
chosen. The researchers used semi-structured interview to gather information
using an interview schedule about the different headdresses, know its
importance, and the reflections of Muslim culture.
Veiling is a clothing practice wherein Muslim women are wearing a long
loose-fitting dress and head covering called “kumbong”. The forms of dresses
of Muslim women is mostly for show off and hardly taken as a cover and shield
of the woman’s body. Women wear veils and long dresses to keep men away
from temptation as stated in the Qur’an that Muslims should not remove
kumbong because it is forbidden. Wearing a veil and long dresses by Muslim
women also means that they would not be abused and disrespected.
The researchers conducted this study, because people should know the
significance of the veil, which is a key symbol of identity among Muslim
women, especially the different headdresses, importance and reflection of this
to the Muslim culture.

vii
Based on the findings of the study, the different headdresses,
importance, and reflection of Muslim culture is a big help to the people who do
not know the importance of veiling among Muslim women.
With regard to different headdresses of Muslim women, most of the
head coverings are required to use in different occassions such as wedding
ceremony, burial, seminar and Ramadan.
As of the importance, kumbong is their source of protection and they do
this veiling to fulfill what Allah commanded so that they will not be
disrespected.
Through wearing the kumbong, Muslim women reflect their values. For
the Muslim women, if they refuse the order of their God, there is a punishment
that will be given to them in the afterlife. If a woman can wear a veil with a long
dress so they should wear it, and if they can not afford it they have to wear a
head covering only to identify that they are Muslims.
This study is a big help to young Muslim women to appreciate their own
culture and traditions and also to the people who are not aware of this clothing
practices, that they should recognize the importance and appreciate the
similarities and differences among cultures and religious traditions.
Keywords: veil, Muslim women, hijab, modesty and Qur’an

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES Page
Title Page ……………………………………………….…….. i
Certification ……………………………………………………… ii
Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………... iii
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………….…….. iv
Dedication ……………………………………………………… v
Abstract ……………………………………………………... vi
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………... viii
Chapter I – THE PROBLEM

Introduction ……………………………………………….. 1
Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………… 3
Significance of the Study ………………………………………….….. 4
Scope and Delimitation of the Study …………………………………. 5
Theoretical Framework ……………………………..……………...... 5
Conceptual ……………….……………………………...... 10
Framework
Operational Definition of Terms ………………………………..… 10
Assumptions …………………………………….………..... 12
Research Methodology ……………………………………………….. 12
Research Design ……………………………………………….. 12
Locale of the Study …………………………………..… 13
Population and …………………………………….………..... 13
Sample
Data Gathering instrument …………………………….……….... 14
Data Gathering ……………………………………………….. 14
Procedures
Ethical Considerations …………………………………….. 15
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Chapter II – PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

Different Headdresses …………………………………………..……. 16
of Muslim Women
Importance of ……………………………………………… 27
Headdresses
Reflection of Muslim ………………………………………………… 31
Culture
Chapter III – SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ………………………………………………… 36
Findings ………………………………………………… 36
Conclusion ………………………………………………… 38
Recommendations ………………………………………………… 38
REFERENCES ………………………………………………… 39
APPENDICES ………………………………………………… 43
CURRICULUM VITAE ………………………………………………… 75
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Veiling is a clothing practice wherein Muslim women are wearing a long
loose-fitting dress and head covering called “kumbong”, a Muslim term of veil.
It is a tradition in Islam that has existed for thousands of years, both in and far
beyond the Middle East, and before Islam came into being in early century.
They have different types of coverings across the Islamic world. The
Hijab is a square scarf that covers the head and neck but leaves the face clear
and the most common form of veiling. The Shayla is a long, rectangular scarf.
The Al-amira is a two piece veil that consists of close fitting cap made from
cotton or polyester. The Khimar is a long, cape-like veil that hangs down to just
above the waist. The Chador is a full-body cloak that often accompanied by a
smaller headscarf, such as khimar. In some cultures, a full veil is used, the
Niqab is a veil for the face that leaves the area around the eyes and the Burqa
which is the most concealing of Islamic veils, covers the entire face and body,
leaving just a mesh screen to see through. Usually, Muslim women wear a
headscarf or headdress and cover their bodies, with the exception of their
face, hands and feet. The Qur’an intructs both Muslim men and women to
dress in a modest way, there are also over 6,000 verses and only about half a
dozen refers specifically to the way a woman should dress or walk in public.
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Veiling refers to the political reappropriation of Islamic religiosity and
way of life. The type of veisometimes indicates the degree of conservatism of
the wearer (Benhabib, 2002).
Nowadays, some women stop wearing “kumbong” after engaging with
the scriptures and recognizing it does express demand that they wear one.
Others stop wearing this after they reach menopause, while others continue to
wear it throughout their lives. But in most Muslim countries, woman have the
legal freedom to choose whether to veil or not, and what fashion of veil they
choose to wear.
Additionally, veiling has become globally polarizing, a locus for the
struggle between Islam and in the West and between contemporary and
traditional interpretations of Islam.
Moreover, few Muslims and non-Muslims realize that Islam took on
veiling practices already in place at the dawn of the seventh century around
the Mediterranean Basin. Islam inherited them from the major empires and
societies of the time along with many other customs and patriarchal traditions
related to the status of women.
The study by Stillman (2003), explains that modest standards of
European dress were first adopted, including European-style face veils as a
transition from traditional norms of dress to Western fashion during the
nineteenth century. Veiling may help one resist temptation when faced with an
opportunity to engage in religiously prohibited behavior.

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On the other hand, the study by (Ajrouch, 2007) points that the veil
becomes a symbol for autonomy and equality. Basically, it is a cultural
assertion of identity.
Another study by Wing and Smith (2005) prove that some reasons for
veiling are personal religious convictions, freedom of religion, acceptance as a
good Muslim, neutralisation of sexuality and protection from male gaze.
Similarly, veiling may help one resist temptation when faced with an
opportunity to engage in religiously prohibited behavior, (Droogsma 2007).
To understand the meaning of veiling in Islam today, one must
recognize the importance yet neglected history of veiling practices in the pre-
Islamic period and appreciate the continuities and similarities among cultures
and religious traditions.
In connection to this, the researchers conduct the study to better
understand, the history behind the traditional clothing practices of Muslim
women. Through this study,the researchers seek more information regarding
this social reality.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to explore the beliefs and traditions of Muslim
women.
Specially, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. What are the different headdresses of Muslim Women?
2. What is the importance of headdress among Muslim women?
3. How do this headdress reflect the Muslim culture ?

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Significance of the Study
Realizing the objectives of this paper, the researchers intend to provide
benefits for the following:
the Muslim women, students, teachers, Islam community and future
researchers.
Muslim women. Results of this research will help the Muslim women in
appreciating their own culture and traditions.
Students. The students could learn the value of Muslim culture, tradition,
and beliefs in different views. They will better understand the importance of
using veil in their culture.
Teachers. It helps the teacher to understand the hidden culture of
Muslim and gives them a deeper knowledge in learning the different dress
code and its importance among Muslim women.
Islam community. It helps the Islam community to preserve their unique
practices especially in knowing the significance of veiling as a practice.
Future researchers. The future researchers could discover and learn the
value of Muslims culture, tradition and beliefs in different views, and gives
them a deeper knowledge in learning the different dress code and its
sentiments. They will better understand the thin line between the Muslims
culture and also the other cultures.

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Scope and Delimitation
This qualitative study focused on the traditional clothing practices of
Muslim women. In particular, the study was undertaken in Barangay III Bantay,
Ilocos Sur. The result of this study was based on the data that the researchers
gathered.
The Imam and various groups of Muslim women which are the
informants of this research were interviewed by the researchers on why do
they perform and what is the importance of this clothing practices.
Theoretical Framework
This section presents significant literatures dealing with the research
study.
On Historical relevance of Veiling
The veil has a history, with the evidence showing that it was first used
in 13th century BC. During this time, the veil was mainly used by good women
in the society. Women using veils were also recorded among Persians, who
were mainly leaders at that time.
Additionally, statues which have been discovered during the Classical
and Hellenistic periods show the use of veils among Greeks, even though it
was compulsory for all women to cover their face and head.
In the study by Cainkar L.(2002), reveals that in 1990’s, many Muslims
went through a major identity shift in which their identity went from a secular
basis to a religious one. They began to identify themselves first Muslims and
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then as Arabs. Muslim women who did not previously cover their hair began to
veil, and Islam became a public, active lifestyle.
Another study by Bartkowski, J.P.& Read, J.G.(2003) explains that the
traditional Muslims, take a pro-veiling and largely the veil protects a woman’s
chastity. It is also a symbol of Muslim woman’s obedience to Islamic principles.
Many feminists challenge the more traditional interpretations of the Qur’an and
suggest that the veil is a form of censorship and punishment for Muslim
women. They cite Qur’an verses that promote gender equality and highly
contested site of gender controversy between traditionalists and feminists.
On the other hand, women put on veils in pre-Islamic Arabia, Greece,
Assyria, the Balkans, and Byzantium. Veils also worn in certain Jewish and
Christian communities (Macdonald, 2006).
The study of (Wikan 1982; Chatty 1997), states that Muslims who
adopt head coverings do so for various reasons. Some women wear it to
identify with Islam and be closer to God, while others adorn it as form of
beauty.
On Veil as a Definition of Cultural Identity
The veil was commonly used to hide the identity of a woman. Women
concealed their identities in cases where they were involved in a secretive
event, which was supposed to remain private.
The veil reflects the wearer’s religious and cultural preferences. When
an American Muslim woman chooses to wear a veil, it indicates to others that

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she is a follower of Islam and is not fully assimilated to Western society (Lurie,
1981).
While it is largely accepted that the veil holds multiple meanings, most
Muslim women agreed that ultimately that wearing the veil is a way to achieve
full public participation in the United States. Many Muslim American women
feel conflicted by the contradictory traditional Islamic and modern U.S. values
and by wearing the veil they are able to embrace both American and Muslim
identities simultaneously. Williams and Vashi (2007), suggest that the veil acts
as a cultural resource that embodies the voluntary nature of religion in the US.
The veil becomes a symbol for autonomy and equality. Basically, the veil is a
cultural assertion of identity (Ajrouch, 2007).
The veil is a sign of righteousness among Muslim women. It is a
command that women were given by Allah after creation, in order to remain
pleasing and acceptable in his sight. This has also been supported by scholars
who believe that the modern world is largely driven by pride, which is
demonstrated in different fashions, which fail to protect the body of a woman,
Moammel Haque (2005).
Furthermore, the veil is a woman’s assertion that she is an active
participant of a particular social group, women whose Muslim identity is
particularly salient may be more inclined to express this identity through dress,
or wearing a veil (Reece, 1996).
In multiple articles by (Arjouch, 2007, Williams & Vashi, 2007,
Keddie, 1990) it was noted that the veil is especially significant for the
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identities of college students. For college students, the veil may reflect the
more active roles of women in the Islamist movements. Many young, educated
Muslim women are embracing Islam and are dedicated to studying the Qur’an
in order to find passages that justify their arguments for equality between men
and women. In this situation, the veil can be interpreted as a badge that
signifies the respectability of the woman it covers (Reece, 1996).
As discussed above,
On significance of the veil
In Islam, the veil has a vast significance which is believed to be
supported by the Qur’an, the holy book of Muslims.
According to Wing and Smith (2005), some reasons for veiling are
personal religious convictions, freedom of religion, acceptance as a good
Muslim, neutralisation of sexuality and protection from male gaze.
One early work by (Hopkins & Greenwood, 2013), reveals that there are
some reports that women use arguments of freedom, control and liberation to
explain and legitimise covering up parts of the body that could arouse lust of
men and also to make their Muslim identity visible and to control one’s
categorisation.
In particular, the veil is a piece of attire that oppresses, liberates,
empowers, according to tradition, society and the women who wear it
(Mahabir, 2004).
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The latest study by (Bartkowski and Read,2003), maintains that veil is
an important identity marker for Muslim women. For many, the veil serves the
purpose of unification by providing the basis for a shared sense of community.
In the same way, some unveiled Muslim women expressed acceptance
and understanding for Muslim women who wear this type of clothing
(Bartkowski and Read, 2003).
However, the study by (Fernea, 1965), reveals that some women wear it
to hide their identity.
A study by (Reece, 1996) tells that many young, educated Muslim
women are embracing Islam and are dedicated to studying the Qur’an in order
to find passages that justify their arguments for equality between men and
women.
On the contrary, the study of Wing, Adrien, and Monica Smith (2006)
explains that the Qur’an requires women to avoid looking at certain things,
which have been forbidden by God. In other words, there are specific things,
which Allah does not expect believing women to look at. As a sign of
obedience, they are also expected to draw their veils, and avoid showing off
their beauty, apart from that which has been allowed by the law.
10 HIGH SCHOOL
ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR
Conceptual Framework
This model was used in this study.
Figure 1. The Paradigm
The paradigm shows the specific topics that were discussed in the
study namely: different headdresses of Muslim women, importance and
reflection of Muslim culture.
Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined would be used in this study:
Al-amira. It is a two piece veil worn by some Muslim women and it is
consists of a close fitting cap and a tube-like scarf.
Allah. It refers to the God of Islam.
Beliefs. It pertains to a conviction of truth of some statement or reality of some
being or phenomenon.
Burqa. This refers to a garment that covers the entire body and has a grille
over the face that the woman looks through.
Chador. This pertains to the traditional garment of Muslim women consisting
of a long, usually black or drab-colored cloth or veil that envelops the body
from head to foot and covers all or part of the face.

11 HIGH SCHOOL
Culture. It is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.
Cultural Practices. It pertains to the traditional and customary practices of
Muslim women and cultural groups.
Dresscode. It refers to a set of rules about what clothing may and may not be
worn.
Headdress. It is a decorative covering or band for the head, especially one
worn on ceremonial occasions.
Hijab. This pertains to the most common type of veil that conceals the hair
and neck.
Imam. This is a title of various Muslim leaders.
Islam. It refers to a monotheistic Abrahamic religion whose followers are
referred to as Muslims.
Khimar. It is a long headscarf typically gathered or fastened under the chin
and covering the body to a variable length.
Muslim. A follower of the religion Islam.
Muslim women. It is the one who are performing the traditional clothing
practices.
Niqab. This refers to a veil that covers the face and entire head but with a
place cut out for the eyes.
Qur’an. It is the bible of Muslim.
Shayla. This refers to a two piece veil that consists of a close fitting cap,
usually made from cotton or polyester, and an accompanying tube-like scarf.

12 HIGH SCHOOL
Tradition. It is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to
generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
Veil. It pertains to any of various light sheer fabrics.
Assumptions
The study is premised on the following assumptions:
1. Veiling has a historical origin.
2. There are different cultural practices performed by Mulim Women.
3. The responses of the informants were honest and true reflection of their
Muslim culture.
Research Methodology
This study presents the methods and procedures that were used in the
study. It covers the research design, locale of the study, the
participants/informants, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure,
data analysis and ethical considerations.
Research Design
This qualitative research used the ethnographic study research
design to described the three variables, which follows the (1) different types of
headdresses (2) importance of headdress (3) reflections of the Muslim culture.
The study explored the importance of veil worn by the Muslim women.
The research proponents further examined the culture and tradition of Muslims
to deepen the understanding all about them and recognize the important yet
neglected history of veiling practices in the pre-Islamic period and appreciate
the continuities and similarities among cultures and religious traditions.

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Locale of the Study
The study is conducted at Barangay III, one of the villages in Bantay. In
particular, the study is undertaken in Muslim Compound where the majority of
Muslim Women are permanently residing.
Population and Sample
In determining the sample size, the researchers used purposive
sampling. Among Islam community, Imam and 5 various age groups of Muslim
women is chosen. The informants that is selected for the study through careful
observation based on following the criteria:
1. Muslim or believer of Islam who had experienced the traditional
clothing practices
2. 18 years old and above,
3. Know the importance of veiling, and
4. willingness to participate in the study.
Table 1: Profile of Informants
Informants Age Position

A 53 Imam
B 32 Bilal
C 18 Resident
D 20 Resident
E 22 Resident
F 18 Resident
G 18 Resident
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Data Gathering Instrument
The researchers used semi-structured interview to gather information
using an interview schedule about the veil and appreciate the continuities and
similarities among cultures and religious traditions.
Data Gathering Procedures
In realizing the objectives of the study, the researchers followed a
definite procedure which was conducted from December 15, 2019 – January
15, 2019. Specifically, the researchers:
a. prepared a content-validated interview schedule/observation schedule
in English and Tagalog;
b. secured permission to conduct the study from the Principal of Ilocos Sur
National High School (Appendix A) Brgy. Captain of Brgy. III Bantay,
Ilocos Sur (Appendix B), and president of Bantay Muslim Compound
(Appendix C);
c. met the target informants and explain the objectives, nature, and
requested extent of their participation in the research;
d. identified those who are willing to participate in the research to read and
sign the informed consent document;
e. distributed and assist the informants in answering the content-validated
interview schedule/observation schedule translated in Tagalog;
f. analyzed and interpret the data gathered from the survey
questionnaire/interview/observation;
15 HIGH SCHOOL
g. validated data gathered from the questionnaire using focused-group
discussion.;
h. translated the information gathered from Tagalog to English;
i. discussed the findings of the study with the informants without
including their names in the discussion to protect their identity and to
affirm the correctness of the recorded information;
j. supported the results of the analysis of the data gathered by credible
sources from the theoretical framework.
Ethical Considerations
Risks and Inconveniences
Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the panel of
examiners and the school principal of Ilocos Sur National High School and
research advisory committee which ensured that the research study
satisfactorily complied with the key ethical principles.
Prior to the interview of the informants, the researchers discussed with
the target informants the purpose of the study and explain confidentiality and
anonymity. Once they agreed to participate, an informed consent was obtained
from them. The informed consent form stated voluntary participation of the
participants to become informants of the study, including their awareness of
the purpose of the study: data collection method and utilization and duration of
participation. In addition, the participants gave consent for dissemination of
result of the study.

Chapter II
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
This section presents the data gathered from the research questions
given and interviews conducted. The informants prompted their knowledge
about the traditional clothing practice of Muslim women. The informants share
their ideas about these headdresses.
Different headdresses of Muslim women
“Kumbong” or “veil” could be used to explain a wide range of clothing.
This refers to the general term for the headdresses of Muslim women. There
are 7 different types of headdresses and each piece has unique features. The
hijab, khimar, chador, al-amira, burqa, niqab, and shayla.
 Hijab
This refers to the common headdress worn by women of the Muslim
faith as a symbol of modesty and religious devotion. The word hijab comes
from the Arabic root word “Hajaba”, which means to “conceal” or “hide”. Hijab
describes the Muslim woman’s entire dress code which includes the veil that
covers everything except the face and hands. It is adopted at puberty, an age
which is according to Islam, people become accountable for their actions.

17 HIGH SCHOOL
Informant D shared that “hijab is required for Muslim females after
reaching puberty, when they are already at the age of 12”.
However, the findings by Heyat (2004), reveals that in the Kyrgyz
society, Muslim kyrgyz women start wearing hijabs upon reaching puberty, the
age of 9 and above.
Therefore, when they are still young that is when their sins start being
counted. Muslim girls has to put on complete hijab when they reach their
menstrual age.
 Khimar
This is a veil that covers the head, neck and shoulders and it is worn in
public by some Muslim women. Al-Munjid, which is the most popular dictionary
in the Arab world, defines khimar as “something with which a woman conceals
her head”.
According to informant E, khimar is used especially in going to a public
place”.
One early work by (Bukhari, 1997), proves that the purpose of the
khimar is to conceal and not to draw more attention.

18 HIGH SCHOOL
Generally speaking, the term khimar means anything by which a thing
is veiled or covered and just like hijab it is also worn by some of Muslim girls in
public places like schools, and Mosques.
 Chador
This refers to a covering worn in prayer. Chador means “large cloth” or
“sheet” in modern Persian. It is a semicircular cloak, usually black, enveloping
the head, body, and sometimes the face, held in place by the wearer’s hands.
It is worn by Muslim women outside or inside of the house.
Informant D said that, " we use chador when we are inside or outside
our home. We also wear this when we go to a public place and only the face
can be seen”.
Then informant F also said that, “Chador or Mokna must be used as it is
not necessary to see all of your body”.
However, in the study of (Shaifullah-Khan, 1976), explains that Pakistani
women wear a chador, a very large shawl which is draped around the head
and upper part of the body.

19 HIGH SCHOOL
Both of the informants have the same perspective of the chador. Muslim
women are required to wear this especially in going to a public place and they
should not exposed their skin because many people will see it.
 Al- amira
Al- amira is a type of hijab. It is either single or double layer hijabs which
are usually slip on and very easy to wear. Al- amira or Amira itself means
“princess” and these kinds of hijabs are also called pricess-style hijabs.
According to informant C, “Al- amira is made from cotton and it is a tube-
like headdress, we are wearing this in an ordinary day like when we are going
to school”.
The latest study of (Gorney, 2016) reveals that al- amira is consists of
two parts. The first is a close fitting cap to cover the head, and the second is a
tube-like scarf to cover the head and neck.
Muslim girls often wear this type of clothing in an ordinary day as
informant C stated. By all counts, they are using al-amira when they are in
public just like the other headdresses.

20 HIGH SCHOOL
 Burqa
This refers to a long flowing garment that covers the whole body from
head to feet, also known as burka or abaya. The burqa is one example of very
modest clothing worn by Muslim women.
Informant A shared that, “ when a Muslim women wears a burqa that
only means that they have a great fear of God”.
According to informant C, “ the burqa is used by other Muslim women
because they are ready to cover their awrat. (part of their body that they need
to cover)
Informant D, E and G said that, “ the only ones who can wear burqa are
those who have strong faith in God”.
Informant B and F also shared that “ the burqa covers all parts of the
body from head to feet”.
The findings of Vincent (2002) explains that Muslim women in
particularly conservative countries are wearing burqa or a niqab as a sign that
they have a strong faith to their Lord.

21 HIGH SCHOOL
In addition, as a believing Muslims, they interpret their holy text to mean
that their faces must be covered, Clark-Flory (2008).
As a result, some of the informants have the same answers and also
some are have their own perspective when it comes to wearing and
importance of the burqa. The burqa is mainly worn by the very conservative
Muslim women who have strong faith in their God and they are required to
wear it when they are in public.
 Niqab
A niqab also called a “ruband” and from the Arabic means “mask,” is a
veil for the face that leave the area around the eyes clear, just implying a form
of modest dress.
Informant A said that, “ the niqab is what other Muslim women use when
they leave and go else where to attend seminars.
A study by (Bunting, 2006) explains that some groups of women are
wearing niqab to follow their cultural tradition.
As shown above, some of the Muslim women are wearing niqab if they
are going in different places just to attend seminars.

22 HIGH SCHOOL
 Shayla
This refers to a long rectangular scarf that is loosely wrapped around the
head and left on the shoulders.
Informant C shared that, “ just like al-amira, shayla also is what we use
when we are going a public place like school and it is also worn in burial.
One early work by (Gorney, 2016) maintains that the shayla is wrapped
around the head and neck, and then it is either tucked or pinned in place at the
shoulders.
In summary, Muslim women wears shayla in some occasions and they
are also often wearing this veil. Just like the other head coverings, it is also
worn by Muslim women in public.
Overall, the kumbong or veil are required to use in different occasions.
It is an obligation for Muslim women to cover their bodies in public.

23 HIGH SCHOOL
Different headdresses on different occassions
 Wedding Ceremony
Most of the informants have the same anwers. They shared that “ the
headdress that is usually used in wedding ceremony is hijab, it is more
pleasant to look and it conceals our hair along with the awrat “(body parts that
need to be covered).
Informant C also said that, “young Muslim women usually use it,
because for them when they wear hijab they can do a lot of style or design
they want with the use of the pin”.
The latest study by Nasrullah (2003) reveals that hijab is one aspect that
is utilized to form new aesthetics in the Gorontalonese wedding dress. It
covers the awrat (parts of the body which should not be exposed under Islamic
religious law).
24 HIGH SCHOOL
Muslim women often wear the hijab because they are comfortable
wearing it and look more attractive to other people and they really need to
wear women especially young Muslim girls because to cover their skin and to
be more respected.
 Burial
Informant A and F said that, “the hijab Is commonly used by Muslim
women in burial because it means “to hide” or “to cover”.
It is said by informant C, E and G that, “the one that I wear is the shayla
or khimar during burial ceremony”.
Informant D shared that, “chador is the appropriate headdress in burial”.
According also to informant B, “ white cloth is used in a burial because
that is what the prophet commanded”.
However, the study by (Shetrone, 1926), explains that Scioto peoples
are wearing headdress in burial.
For Muslim female elders, they are often used khimar because it is easy
to wear and does not have to use a pin when it is worn just like hijab. Shayla is
25 HIGH SCHOOL
used by young Muslim girls because it is similar to khimar which is also easy
to wear.
Therefore, Muslim women often wear color black in burials because they
believe that a dead person’s soul will not follow into their home.
 Ramadan
Most of them shared that “when we are fasting in Ramadan, we are
wearing the “mokna”, the other term for chador”. They have to wear the
Chador on the day of Ramadan because when they are fasting and they go
inside the Mosque, it is necessary to cover the whole body.
However, in the study of (Najmi, 1985) expl ains that all enveloping
garment became uniform garb for Iranian women and the covering worn in
prayer in the Qajar period is the chador.
Furthermore, modesty in dress is essential during the holy month, and
men and women are expected to dress more modestly during Ramadan. In
particular, revealing and tight clothing should be avoided. Women should keep
cleavage, knees and shoulders covered out of respect.

26 HIGH SCHOOL
Consequently, they wear the mokna and abaya in every Ramadan
because it is their traditional wearing because in that way they are more
respected by people especially men.
 Seminar
niqab hijab
It is stated by informant F that, “ during seminar, the appropriate
headdress that is being used is the Hijab but some of Muslim women are also
wearing Niqab”.
Given these points, seminar is the same as burial. Those who wear veils
they are using also a black color, but those who have already wearing Niqab
can no longer wear other headdresses and can no longer show their face
anymore.
27 HIGH SCHOOL
Importance of Headdresses
The importance of these headdresses to a Muslim woman is:
1. Pleasing God
Informant A shared that, “ the importance of headdress is that, it is a law
of our beloved God, so Muslim women should obey it”.
“ If we implement the order of our God, surely Allah will give you
a reward. But if you refuse, there is a punishment that will be given to
you in the afterlife.”- Informant B
According to informant B, “ by wearing the kumbong , they are already
fullfilling the law of God”.
Muslims recognize their God Almighty as the grand creator and
supreme authority and the religion Islam is a complete way of life for them.
In addition, they followed the Divine law at all times, and submitting to
their God’s commandments is in itself a form of worship. After telling Muslim
men to lower their gazes, the Holy Qur’an reminds women:
“And they say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze
and guard their modesty: that they should not display their beauty and
ornaments, except thereof.” (Qur’an 24:31)
One early work by (Benhabi, 2002), reveals that veiling refers to the
political reappropriation of Islamic religiosity and way of life. The type of veil
usually signals ethnic or national origin and sometimes indicates the degree of
conservatism of the wearer.
As can be seen, in Iine with the Qur’anic verse, Muslim women should
not display their beauty because it is the command of their Lord. It is forbidden
when women display their body parts that is needed to be cover.

28 HIGH SCHOOL
2. Source of protection
Informant A said that;
“In the Qur’an were it is all written. The time between Prophet
Muhammad and the prophet Jesus Christ is more than 500 years and it
has two versions. Muslim believe that Jesus Christ is a prophet and not
a God. It started when Allah our Lord, sent his prophet. Muhammad
arrived in 1400, and that is the day it started why Muslim women wear
veil and long dressses. They wear this kind of clothing to cover
women’s bodies, because the beauty is an allurement that comes from
the women’ hair and from her face especially if it is not covered by
anything, they will see its beauty that is why it is important to be kept.
When a woman turns away and they see that her hair is beautiful, they
would really say that she is beautiful especially when they look at her
face, when she is not wearing a veil, they can really see her beauty,
that’s why it is forbidden. The precept of Islam is that the slaves of Allah
should not commit sin. The women should wear long and cover their
bodies to avoid tempting men this is what their Allah said to the last
prophet Muhammad.”
Informant A also shared that, “ the forms of dresses of Muslim women is
mostly for show off and hardly taken as a cover and shield of the woman’s
body. To the believing women, the purpose is to safeguard their bodies and
cover their private parts as a manifestation of the order of Allah”.
Additionally, informant B also said, “ by wearing the veil, Muslim women
cover some parts of their body that others should not see, such as hair, and
neck”.
29 HIGH SCHOOL
Moreover, the purpose of this kumbong or headdress is to recognized
them as Muslims and not be abused. There are evidences that can be found
on the verses of the Qur’an.
“O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of
the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer
garments. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be
abused. And ever is Allah forgiving and merciful.” (Quran 33:59)
One early work by Wing and Smith (2005) proves that some reasons for
veiling are personal religious convictions, freedom of religion, acceptance as a
good Muslim, neutralisation of sexuality and protection from male gaze.
In the same way, veiling may help one resist temptation when faced
with an opportunity to engage in religiously prohibited behavior, Droogsma
(2007).
Additionally, the latest study by Mozammel Haque (2005) reveals that
beside from being covered, communication between men and women is
supposed to be honorable to avoid triggering evil thoughts. Based on the
certainty that the veil covers the woman’s body, it acts as a shield from sinful
hearts of men. As stated by the Islamic teachings, Muslim women who take off
the veil or refuse to wear them go against God’s laws and disables Allah’s
shield, which is supposed to protect them from harm.
Moreover, the headdress protects Muslim women from male
harrassment (Ahmed, 2003).
On the other hand, the study by (Tiilikainen, 2003) explains that, in
Finland, Somali women instruct their daughters to wear veil to protect them in
an ‘immoral and sinful’ western society.

30 HIGH SCHOOL
In addition, veil is for the purpose of protection against temptation,
external attack, molestation, and sexual gaze of men that leads to illicit sex,
(Abdul’aziz, 1996).
In summary, Islam placed women in special care and commands them
not to display anything that will attract the sexual gaze from men. Muslim
women should cover their physical charms and objects of beautification. They
are required to observe dress etiquette against indecent clothing, nudity, and
unguarded manners and gestures towards social morality of the society.
3. People respect them
Most of them shared that, “in order for Muslim women not to attract men
and to respect them, they have to wear veil”.
On the contrary, one early work by (Reece, 1996), explains that many
young, educated Muslim women are embracing Islam and are dedicated to
studying the Qur’an. In this situation, the veil can be interpreted as a badge
that signifies the respectability of the woman it covers.
To summarize, Muslim women should wear loose clothing to recognize
that they are women who guard against evil acts and so that they are not
harrassed. Wearing a veil and long dresses by Muslim women also means that
they will not be abused instead they will be respected.

31 HIGH SCHOOL
Reflection of Muslim culture
The culture of Muslims is reflected through their values:
A. Fear of God
Informant A also shared that, “the veil’s reflection is based on the faith of
a Muslim woman. They show their humility by wearing a headdress because
they fear God. Wearing the kumbong by Muslim women means that they are
indeed real Muslims who obey the command of our Lord”.
One significance of this is the fact that Islam does not allow women to
wear any type of cloth, depending on fashion. They must adhere to the
teachings and standards of the religion. For instance, women ought to wear
clothes, which cover the whole body and do not reveal any part.
 Obedience
Informant C said that, “ through the kumbong, they will be recognized as
a Muslim women who obeys the command of the Lord God”.
The study by (Smith-Heifner, 2007) explains that veil is seen as the
commitment to religious practice and as result of a deepening religious
understanding which lead to becoming aware of their religious responsibilities.
Another work by (Lyn, 2006), maintains that veil, in general, is seen as
public statement and symbol of the wearer’s devotion to Islam. Many Muslim
women decide to veil because veil on them has a disciplining function to be
well-behaved. Wearing veil is an expression of their individual, interior faith,
devotion, and submission to Islam.

32 HIGH SCHOOL
Additionally, in Islam , the veil is a command from Allah (SWT) and it is
all about chastity and modesty behavior and dress for both males and females
(Batubo,1992).
Therefore, it is an obligation for Muslim women to dress in a modest
way. As stated above, it is the law of their God the needs to be obeyed.
B. Respect
Some of the informants shared that, “for them to be respected, Muslim
women have to wear the kumbong and also through this kumbong, they hide
their beauty and conceal their identity”.
According to informant G, “by wearing the veil, it symbolizes that you
have respect for yourself”.
The study by (Abdallah, 1994), reveals that the use of veil is one of the
moral acts of piety that leads to paradise, and one of the righteous deeds that
attract and preserve the honor of women. It ensures that the moral boundaries
between men and women are defined and respected through moral dressing
and modest behavior.
C. Dignity
It is said by informant C that, “for us, the headdresses depicts self-
respect and dignity as a woman”.
The findings of (Hoodfar, 1997) reveals that young educated women
wore the veil in order to gain entry into public sphere and to preserve their
honour.
33 HIGH SCHOOL
Muslims are supposed to be careful with their appearance in terms of
decency and level of dignity. It is clear that the only way by which a Muslim
women can guard theirself against evil acts is to wear a long dresses and
head coverings to conceal their beauty in public as much as possible.
D. Modesty
The Qur’an instructs both Muslim men and women to dress in a modest
way. Modesty is a key component of Islam, requiring women to dress in
particular way. It composed of a host of prohibitions and conditions, which
define one’s way of dressing, as dictated by Islamic teachings.
Informant A said that, “ Women wear veils and long dresses to keep
men away from temptation because what Islam is keeping is that all slaves of
Allah, our Lord should not commit sin.”
In the study of Layaquot, Hayat (2005), proves that women are not
allowed to wear tight clothes, which may arouse men sexually. Under this,
Muslims are required to enjoy life, including clothing, without any signs of pride
or extravagance. This gives the limits within which women are allowed to
present themselves in public.
Another study on the topic by (Alvi et al., 2003) states that the Qur’an
tells the believing women to cover their chests, and mostly the Hadith tell
women to avoid flashy clothing or clothing that is too thin or revealing, and
from which a woman’s body can be seen through.
Modesty has been defined as the dress style that reaffirms as Islamic
identity and morality; Paet (2012).

34 HIGH SCHOOL
In addition, one early work by (Isma’el, 2005),proves that veil is widely
referred to a piece of thin unrevealing cloth being worn by women to cover the
whole of their bodies for modesty.
In general, clothing has two major meanings. First, clothing is necessary
to cover human body from nakedness, which is upheld by human beings
everywhere. Second, Muslims believe that clothing is an essential component
that enhances beauty, especially in women that is why Muslims are required to
cover their private parts at all times.
E. Muslim identity
It is stated by informant A that, “Only Muslim women wear such veils
and they are the most priority and important as stated in the Qur’an. The
reflection of these headdresses, if a woman can wear a veil with a long dress
so they should wear it, and if they can’t afford it they have to wear a head
covering only to identify that they are actually Muslims”.
Informant B also shared that, “the purpose of this headdress is to make
you a real and humble Muslim”.
However, in multiple articles by (Arjouch, 2007, Williams & Vashi, 2007,
Keddie, 1990) states that the veil is significant for the identities of Muslim
women. For college students, the veil may reflect the more active roles of
women in the Islamist movements.
Although, the findings of (Ajrouch, 2007) points that the veil becomes a
symbol for autonomy and equality. Basically, it is a cultural assertion of
identity.
35 HIGH SCHOOL
On the contrary, the study of (Tiilikainen, 2003), reveals that Somali
women in diasphora in Finland demonstrates the various reasons why women
choose to wear veil. Some wore it due to an increase in religious observance
and knowledge, and because of the necessity to preserve their own culture
and identity.
The veil affords women’s modesty, respect, and protects herself from
harm and the evils of society by covering. Allah their lord, raises their dignity
through these head covering.
Overall, in Islam, veiling or wearing a kumbong is a religious obligation
to Muslim women. The use of kumbong by women promotes decency and
social morality in the society. It attracts honor, respect, moral identity and
dignity to women.
Therefore, kumbong is a symbol of religiosity, spiritual piety,
conciousness, and modesty.

Chapter III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the conclusion, and
the recommendations forwarded by the researcher.
Summary
The researchers conducted the study to determine the different
headdresses of Muslim women, know its importance, and the reflections of
Muslim culture about Kumbong: Dress Code Among Muslim Women.
The researchers employed ethnographic research study, researchers
asked or interviewed nine informants in Brgy. III Bantay, Ilocos Sur. The study
used interview schedule as a guide for the researchers to gather data and
utilized the importance of this clothing practices.
. To treat and interpret the data gathered in the study, the researchers
interviewed an Imam and various groups of Muslim women who knows the
significance of the “kumbong” or veil.
Findings
After a thorough analysis and interpretations of the data gathered in this
study, the researchers arrived the following findings:
A. Different headdresses
There are seven types of head coverings among Muslim women. Each
piece has a unique features. The hijab is the most common form of veiling
and it is worn in wedding ceremony. For them when they wear hijab, they
37 HIGH SCHOOL
can do a lot of style or design they want with the use of pin. They wear the
shayla and khimar in burial, the say that it is easy to wear and does not
have to use a pin. During Ramadan, when Muslim women are fasting they
wear a chador. For them, it is necessary to cover the whole body
especially when they are entering the Mosque. The al-amira is a type of
veil wear in an ordinary day. When they are going to a seminar, they wear
a black niqab and for those Muslim women who have a strong faith in their
God they wear a burqa. those who have already wearing niqab and burqa
can no longer wear other headdresses and can no longer show their face
anymore.
B. Importance of headdresses
Muslim women should wear kumbong to fulfill the command of their God.
The wearing of kumbong serves as their source of protection so that they
will not be abused and disrespected and for them to be recognized as
women who guards against evil acts.
C. Reflection of Muslim culture
The culture of Muslims is reflected through their values. In wearing a
veil, it depends on the faith of Muslim women. The true Muslim women
wear veils, so if they do not obey their lord, they will not be called
Muslim. By wearing the kumbong, Muslim women depicts modesty, self-
respect and dignity as a woman.

38 HIGH SCHOOL
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. There are different headdresses of Muslim women and most are
required to use in different occasions.
2. The wearing of kumbong is a source of protection among Muslim
women. They should dress in a modest way and they should not attract
sexual attention
3. They wear “kumbong” or a veil only to identify that they true Muslims
and they obey the commands of their Allah.
Recommendations
In view of the drawn findings and conclusions, the researcher
recommends the following:
1. People should recognize the significance of the veil among Muslim
women and appreciate the continuities, similarities and differences
among cultures and religious traditions.
2. The researchers recommend that people should discover and learn the
value of Muslim culture, tradition and beliefs in different views,
especially the different dress code of Muslim women.
3. As a people from this modern generation, we need to give importance
to our culture,
4. Further research should be conducted on the same topic but wider
sample and not limited to the people of Brgy. III Bantay IIocos Sur.
5. Teachers may incorporate the result of study in their topics.

REFERENCES
40 HIGH SCHOOL
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Wing, Adrien, and Monica Smith. “Critical Race Feminism Lifts the Veil?:
Muslim Women, France, and the Headscarf Ban.” University of California.
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Mahabir, C. (2004). Adjudicating pluralism: The hijab, law and social change in
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among Muslim Women. The Howard Journal of Communications, 7, 35-52.
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Abdul’aziz, M.M (1996) Fatwaal-Mar’ah. Darussalam, S/Arabia.

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APPENDICES
44 HIGH SCHOOL
Appendix A
Letter of Request
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50 HIGH SCHOOL
Appendix B
Interview Questionnaire
1.What are the different headdresses of Muslim women?

(Ano ang mga iba’t ibang talukbong ng mga babaeng Muslim?)
1.1 What is the dress code of Muslim?

(Ano ang kasuotan ng mga Muslim?)
1.2 What type of headdress that you usually wear?
(Anong uri ng talukbong ang karaniwan mong isinusuot?)
1.3 As a member/ Affiliate of Islam, which of this headdress is
appropriate in public worship?
(Bilang isang miyembro o kaakibat ng Islam, alin sa mga talukbong
na ito ang angkop sa pagsamba sa publiko?)
1.4 As a Muslim, which of this headdress is appropriate in public place?
(Bilang isang Muslim, alin sa mga talukbong na ito ang naaangkop
sa pampublikong lugar?)
1.5 Which headdress is appropriate to a wedding?
(Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa isang kasal?)
1.6 Which headdress is appropriate to a burial?
(Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa isang libing?)
1.7 Which headdress is appropriate to a seminar?
(Alin ang headdress na angkop sa isang seminar?)
1.8 Which headdress is appropriate in Ramadan?
(Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa Ramadan?)
1.9 What are the difference between the hijab and burqa?
(Ano ang pinagkaiba ng hijab at burqa?)
2. What is the importance of headdress among Muslim Women?

(Ano ang kahalagahan ng talukbong na ito sa mga kababaihang Muslim?)
2.1 Should women be able to choose their own clothing? Why or Why
not?
51 HIGH SCHOOL
(Dapat bang pumili ang kababaihan ng kanilang sariling

pananamit? Bakit o bakit hindi?)
2.2 Why does covering the head is important?
(Bakit mahalaga ang pagtatakip sa ulo?)
2.3 Is the veiling mandated by the Qur’an?
(Ang pagtatalukbong ba ay ipinag-uutos ng Qur’an?)
2.4 Why do Muslim women choose to cover themselves with a veil?
(Bakit pinipili ng mga Muslim na kababaihan na takpan ang
kanilang sarili ng belo?)
2.5 Why do some Muslim women are not using veil anymore?
(Bakit ang ilang mga Muslim na kababaihan ay hindi na gumagamit
ng belo?)
2.6 What would be the consequence to those who are not following this
clothing practices?
2.7 Does wearing aveil interferewith your cpmmunication?
(Ang pagsusuot ba ng belo ay sagabal sa inyong
pakikipagkomyunikasyon?)
3 How do this headdress reflect the Muslim Culture?
(Ano ang replekson ng talukbong na ito sa kulturang Muslim?)
3.1 Why is it forbidden for them if they don’t wear veils and if they
don’t follow their tradition?
(Bakit ipinagbabawal para sa kanila kung hindi sila nagsusuot ng
mga belo at kung hindi nila sinusunod ang kanilang tradisyon?)
3.2 What does the headdress mean to you?
(Ano ang ibig sabihin ng talukbong sa iyo?)
3.3 What is the symbol of this headdress to you?
(Ano ang simbolo ng talukbong na ito sa iyo?)
3.4 What is the purpose of this headdress?
(Ano ang layunin ng mga talukbong na ito sa iyo?)
3.5 if it is on your head, can it not be removed?
(Kung nakasuot na ito sa ulo, hindi na ba ito pwedeng tanggalin?)
52 HIGH SCHOOL
Appendix C
Sample Transcription
 Informant A
1) Ano ang mga iba’t ibang talukbong ng mga babaeng Muslim?
- Hijab, Burqa, Khimar, Niqab, Al-amira, Chador, Shayla
1.1) Ano ang kasuotan ng mga Muslim?
- Maluluwag na damit at hindi bakat ang iyong katawan sa iyong kasuotan.
( Loose and not fitted dresses.)
1.2) Anong uri ng talukbong ang karaniwan mong isinusuot?
- ang karaniwang isinusuot ng mga babaeng Muslim ay ang Hijab.
( The Muslim women usually wear hijab.)
1.4) Bilang isang Muslim, alin sa mga talukbong na ito ang naaangkop sa
pampublikong lugar?
- Hijab. ang kadalasang ginagamit sa pampublikong lugar.
( Hijab, are often used in public places.)
1.5) Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa isang kasal?
- Ang Hijab ang naangkop na suotin sa isang kasal.
( Hijab is the appropriate they wear in wedding ceremony.)
1.6) Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa isang libing?
- Hijab, dahil naayon talaga ito sa isang libing o lamay.
( Hijab, because its suitable in wakes and burials.)
1.7) Alin ang headdress na angkop sa isang seminar?
- Ang Hijab ang ginagamit ng mga kababaihan dahil madali lamang itong
suotin dahil hindi mo na kakailanganin pa ng pin. Ang mga iba ay gumagamit
rin ng Niqab kapag sila ay umaalis at pumupunta sa ibang lugar para sa
seminar.
(Hijab, is what really women wear because it easy to wear and you don't have
to pin it. The Niqab is what other Muslim women use when they have to leave
and when go elsewhere to attend seminar.)
1.8) Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa Ramadan?
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- Hijab o Chador dahil ito ang kailangang suotin sa tuwing nagsisimba dahil ito
ay mahaba at sa pagsasamba at sa pagharap kay Allah kailangang hindi
talaga makita ang iyong awrat.
( Hijab or Chador because this is what they needed when they have masses,
worship and to face Allah because it is long enough to cover their awrat.)
1.9) Ano ang pinagkaiba ng hijab at burqa?
- Ang kaibahan ng hijab at burqa, kapag kaya ng babaeng Mulim ang
magburqa ay iyan ang simbolo na malaki ang takot niya sa Diyos. At ang hijab
naman ay, ito yung karaniwang suot ng mga babaeng Muslim.
( The difference between hijab and burqa is when Muslim women wear a
burqa it symbolize that you have fear of God while Hijab is commonly wear of
Muslim women.)
2) Ano ang kahalagahan ng talukbong na ito sa mga kababaihang Muslim?
-Ang kahalagahan ng mga talukbong ay ito ay ang kautusan ng aming
minamahal na Panginoon kaya nararapat itong sundin ng mga kababaihang
Muslim.
( The importance of this headdresses is that, it is alaw of our beloved God so
Muslim women should obey it.)
2.1) Dapat bang pumili ang kababaihan ng kanilang sariling pananamit? Bakit
o bakit hindi?
- Hindi, kasi kailangan ay magsuot sila ng damit na ikarerespeto nila.
(No, they must wear clothes that will respect them.)
2.2) Bakit mahalaga ang pagtatakip sa ulo?
- Dahil isa siyang halimbawa ng tunay na Muslim.
(Because she is an example of a true Muslim)
2.3) Ang pagtatalukbong ba ay ipinag-uutos ng Qur’an?
- Oo.
(Yes)
2.4) Bakit pinipili ng mga Muslim na kababaihan na takpan ang kanilang sarili
ng belo?
- Upang sila ay hindi mabastos.
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(So that they won't be abused.)

2.6) Ano ang kaparusahan sa mga hindi sumusunod sa kasanayan sa damit
na ito?
- Sa kabilang buhay ay may nakalaan na parusa sa kanila. Halimbawa ay ang
buhok kung ito ay maipapakita ay magiging ahas sa kabilang buhay.
(In the afterlife there will be a punishment imposed on them. For example
when their hair was shown it became snake in afterlife.)
2.7) Ang pagsusuot ba ng belo ay sagabal sa inyong
pakikipagkomyunikasyon?
- Hindi, dahil nagiging koryuso sila sa aming tradisyon na siyang sanhi ng
pagkakaibigan.
(No, because they become curious about our traditions which is caused of
friendship.)
3) Ano ang replekson ng talukbong na ito sa kulturang Muslim?
- Para makilala siyang buong mundo na siya ay isang Muslim na sumusunod
sa utos ng Diyos.
(To be known in the world that she is a Muslim that she is obeying the order of
God.)
-Naipapakita ang pagka Muslim namin sa pamamagitan ng pagheheaddress
dahil kami ay may takot sa Diyos.
(It show humility by wearing a headdresses because we fear God.)
3.3) Ano ang simbolo ng talukbong na ito sa iyo?
- Sinisimbolo nito na isa kang babaeng Muslim na dapat respetuhin.
(It symbolize that you are a Muslim woman that it should respected.)
3.5)Kung nakasuot na ito sa ulo, hindi na ba ito pwedeng tanggalin?
- Pwede naman ngunit ang pwede lang dapat na makakita sayo ay mga kamag-anak
mo.
(of course they can but it should the relative can see it.)
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 Informant B

- Hijab, Shayla, Khimar at Chador
- Kumbong a mababa (hijab), kumbong a matas (chador), malbod solot na
kumbong (khimar).
- Abaya, Malong, Kumbong, Kemon
pampublikong lugar?
- Longsleeve, long pants, kemon
- Mga Abaya, Kemon
- Telang puti dahil iyon ang iniutos ng Propeta (S.A.W)
( White clothes because it is commanded by a Prophet (S. A. W)
- Long dress
1.8) Alin ang talukbong na angop sa Ramadan?
-Kemon o long dress
- Ang pinagkaiba ng hijab at burqa ay ang hijab ay nakikita ang mukha at ang
burqa naman ay hindi nakikita ang mukha.
( The difference between hijab and burqa, hijab is it show their face while
burqa is her face is covered.)
2)Ano ang kahalagahan ng talukbong na ito sa mga kababaihang Muslim?
- Isa sa kahalagahan ng headdress sa isang Muslim ay:1) Naisakatuparan mo
ang kautusan ng Diyos, 2) Natakpan mo ang iyong awrat, 3) Nirerespeto ka ng
mga tao.
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(The importance of headdresses in Muslim are first, you are fulfilling the law of
God. Second, You covered your awrat. Third, They will respect you.)
- Sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuot ng kumbong ay natutupad na nila ang
kautusan ng Diyos.
(Through wearing headdresses you fulfilled the law of God.)
-sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuot ng veil, ay natatakpan ng mga kababaihang
Muslim ang mga pribadong parte ng kanilangkatawan na dapat ay hindi
nakikita gaya ng buhok at leeg.
(by wearing the veil, Muslim women cover some parts of their body that others
should not see such as hair and neck.)
o bakit hindi?
- Oo, dapat pumili pero mayroon ding iba na hindi.
(yes, you can chose but there are others who don't.)
- Mahalaga ang pagtakip sa ulo ng babaeng Muslim dahil isa ito sa kautusan
ni Allah (S.W.A)
(it is important to cover our head because it is commanded by our Allah.)
- Oo, ang pagtatalukbong ay ipinag-utos ng Allah na nakalagay sa Qur’an-
Soratol Ahzab 59.
(Yes, veiling is commanded by Allah and it mandate in Qur'an)
ng belo?
-.Upang ligtas sa parusa ng Diyos sa kabilang buhay.
( So that they will saved from the punishment of God in the afterlife.)
2.5) Bakit ang ilang mga Muslim na kababaihan ay hindi na gumagamit ng
belo?
- Ang ibang kababaihan na hindi gumagamit ng belo ay sumusuway o
lumalabag sa kautusan ni Allah.
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(The other Muslim women who didn’t wear veil they disobey or break Allah
laws.)
na ito?
- Isa sa kaparusahan ng mga ito ay ang kanilang mga buhok sa kabilang
buhay ay magiging malalaking ahas.
( One of the punishment of them in the afterlife is their hair become big
snakes.)
-Hindi.
(no)
3) Ano ang repleksyon ng talukbong na ito sa kulturang Muslim?

- Ang repleksyon ng mga kumbong na ito ay ikaw ay disente at irerespeto
ka ng ibang tao.
(The reflection of this kumbong you are a decent and they will respect you.)
3.1) Bakit ipinagbabawal para sa kanila kung hindi sila nagsusuot ng mga belo
at kung hindi nila sinusunod ang kanilang tradisyon?
-Ipinagbabawal sa kanila para makaligtas sila sa kaparusahan sa kabilang
buhay at para makaiwas sila sa kasalanan dito sa mundo.
(It is forbidden to them to save them from punishment in afterlife and to
prevent them from sins.)
3.2) Ano ang ibig sabihin ng talukbong sa iyo?
- Ang ibig sabihin ng headdress ay ang damit na nakakatakip sa awrat.
( The meaning of this headdress is the cloth that covers your awrat.)
- Ang simbolo ng headdress na ito ay para maging isang tunay kang Muslim.
(it symbolize this headdress that you are a true Muslim.)
3.4) Ano ang layunin ng mga talukbong na ito?
- Ang layunin ng headdress na ito ay para maging tunay at mapagpakumbaba
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kang Muslim.
(The purpose of this headdresses is to become true and humble Muslim.)
3.5) Kung nakasuot na ito sa ulo, hindi na ba ito pwedeng tanggalin?
- Pwedeng tanggalin, pwede ring isuot.
(Yes you can. You can also wear it.)
Informant C
1)Ano ang mga iba’t ibang talukbong ng mga babaeng Muslim?

- Hijab, Al-amira, Khimar, at Chador.
- Ang aming mga kasuotan ay long sleeve, at maluluwag na damit upang kami
ay disente at karespe-respetong tingnan.
( The clothes that we wear is long-sleeve and loose dress so that it look
decent and respected)
- Ang karaniwan naming isinusuot ay Hijab.
( we usually wear hijab)
pampublikong lugar?
- Hijab.
- Al- amira o Shayla naman ang ginagamit namin kapag pumupunta kami sa
skwelahan o kapag may bibilhin kami sa malapit lang at ito ay gawa sa koton
at ito ay parang tube na scarf.
(Al-amira or Shayla we wear this when we go to school or if we buy something
nearby and is made from cotton and it is a tube like headdress scarf.)
- Hijab, sapagkat mas kaaya-aya syang tignan at naitatago nito ang aming
buhok na kasama sa awrat.
( Hijab, because it looks good and it covers our hair and our awrat.)
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- khimar o shayla, dahil naayon talaga ito sa isang libing.
( khimar or shayla,because it is appropriate in burials.)
- Itim na Hijab at Chador dahil naitatago nito ang aming awrat, pero kung ito ay
ibabase talaga sa aming relihiyon, ang Niqab At Burqa ang pinakakailangang
suotin namin sa tuwing may pagtitipon ang aming pamilya.
( Black Hijab and Chador because it is covered our awrat but if it base in our
religion it is Niqab and burqa that we must wear everytime we have family
gatherings.)
- Hijab o Chador na may ternong abaya, dahil ito ang aming kailangang suotin
sa tuwing nagsisimba sapagkat naitatago nito ang aming buong awrat sa
pagharap kay Allah.
(hijab or chador because this is what we must wear everytime we have
masses, worship because its cover our awrat to face Allah)
- Ang hijab ay isang uri ng headdress na kung saan kadalasang ginagamit ng
mga kababaihang Muslim ngayon dahil dito sila komportable at hindi pa sila
handa na takpan ang kanilang awrat. Ang burqa naman ay ginagamit ng ibang
kababaihang Muslim dahil sila ay handa nang takpan ang kanilang awrat.
(hijab is commonly used of Muslim women today because they are
comfortable and they are not ready to cover their awrat and the burqa is used
by other Muslim women because they are ready to cover their awrat.)
o bakit hindi?
- Hindi, kasi kailangan ay sumuot kami ng damit na ikarerespeto namin.
(No, because it is necessary to us to wear clothes that it looks respected.)
- Dahil isa na ito sa pamamaraan ng pagtakip ng aming awrat.
( Because one of this way to cover our awrat.)
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- Oo, upang takpan ang buhok na kasama sa awrat.
(Yes, to hide our hair and our awrat.)
ng belo?
- Upang kami ay galangin.
(in order for us to be respected)
belo?
- Yung iba ay hindi gaano pinapag-veil ng kanilang magulang, yung iba naman
ay di pa handa dahil nahihiya sila.
( sometimes others not wearing headdress because their parents said so while
others are not ready because they are shy.)
na ito?
- Yung iba ang kanilang kahihinatnan ay pinapalo sila o kinakalbo, pero sa
kabilang buhay ay nagiging ahas yung buhok at si Allah na ang magpaparusa.
( the punishment for them is to hit them or they become bald but in afterlife
their hair become snake.)
-Hindi.
(No)
3) Ano ang repleksyon ng talukbong na ito sa kulturang Muslim?
- Ang repleksyon ng headdress sa amin ay nilalarawan ang pagrespeto sa
sarili at dignidad bilang babae.
(The reflection of our headdress to us is self-repect and dignity as woman.)
- kasi para kami ay masanay at maging handa.
( to get used to it and become ready)
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- Isang paraan upang matakpan ang awrat.
( One way to cover our awrat.)
- Isa kang babaeng Muslim na kailangang respetuhin at igalang.
(You are a Muslim Woman who need to be respected.)
- Upang kami ay galangin at respetuhin at ipakita sa lahat na aming
ginagalang at sinusunod ang tradisyon sa aming relihiyon.
( In order for us to be respected and to show everyone that we respect and
follow the tradition of our religion.)
- Pwede, ngunit ito ay hindi na magandang halimbawa sa iba.
( It can but does not serve as example to others.)
Informant D
- Shayla, Al-amira, Khimar, Chador, Hijab.
- Ang kanilang kasuotan ay ang mga kasuotang disente at marangal na tignan
gaya ng mga long sleeve at mahahabang kasuotan.
( Their clothes are decent and had modesty such as long-sleeved and long
clothes.)
- Ang karaniwang sinusuot ng mga Muslim ay ang veil at damit na
matatakpan ang kanilang Awrat.
( They usually wear veil and clothes that covers their awrat.)
pampublikong lugar?
- Hijab, dahil naaayon ito sa pampublikong lugar o sa kahit anomang
okasyong nagaganap.
62 HIGH SCHOOL
(Hijab, because it is appropriate to wear in public places or in different

ocassions.)
-Ito ay isinusuot ng mga babaeng Muslim pagkatapos maabot ang
pagdadalaga, kapag nasa edad labing-dalawa na sila.
(It is worn by Muslim women after reaching puberty, when they are already 12
years old.)
- Hijab ang naaangkop para sa akin sa araw ng kasal.
( For me, hijab is appropriate in wedding ceremony.)
1.6) Alin ang talukbong na angkop sa isang kasal at libing?
- Khimar naman ang angkop para sa libing.
( Khimar, its appropriate on burials.)
- Hijab, dahil para sakin naaayon ito sa okasyong pang-seminar.
(For me, Hijab is appropriate on seminar.)
- Chador, dahil base sa chador naaayon ito sa ramadhan dahil ito ang
okasyon na haharapin namin ang Diyos at kailangan maging disente ang
aming kasuotan at ang mukha lang ang makikita.
(Chador, because chador is based on ramadan because this is the occasion
for us to face God and our clothing needs to be decent and only the face can
be seen.)
1.9 )Ano ang pinagkaiba ng hijab at burqa?
- Ang hijab ay pwedeng magsuot ng kahit sino man ngunit ang burqa ay ang
tanging makakapagsuot lamang niyan ay ang taong may matibay at malakas
ang kaniyang pananampalataya.
( The hijab can be worn by anyone but the burqa is the only person who can
wear is with a strong faith.)
o bakit hindi?
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- Oo, dahil ang pagsusuot ng damit para sa amin ay nakadepende sa

pananampalataya ng isang tao.
( Yes, because wearing clothes for us depends on persons faith.)
- Mahalaga ito dahil ang pagtatakip ng isang babaeng Muslim sa kanyang ulo
ay sensyales ng kanyang takot at pananampalataya sa Allah.
( This is important because covering of a Muslim women on her head is a sign
that she have fear and faith in Allah.)
- Oo, isang malaking kautusan sa Qur’an ang pagsuot ng veil dahil kapag hindi
ka magsusuot nito ay may kaparusahan sa kabilang buhay.
( Yes, wearing veil is a great rule in the Qur’an because if you do not wear it
there is a punishment in the afterlife.)
- Ito ay ipinag-uutos ng aming Panginoon.
( It is command by our Lord.)
ng belo?
- Para hindi mabastos ang mga babaeng Muslim.
( For them not to be harassed.)
belo?
- Dahil yung mga iba ay naabot na nila ang menopause stage.
( Because others they have reached menopause stage.)
na ito?
- Mapaparusahan sila sa kabilang buhay.
( They will be punished in th afterlife.)
-Hindi.
( No.)
64 HIGH SCHOOL
- Dahil may mabigat na kaparusahan ito sa kabilang buhay.
( There is a heavy punishment in the afterlife.)
- Para sakin ang ibig sabihin ng headdress na ito ay ang salitang “respeto”,
kahit sino mang tao ang magsusuot ng disenteng kasuotan ay irerespeto ka
ng mga taong makakakita sayo.
( To me,this headdress means the word “respect” for anyone who wears
decent clothing will be respected by those who see you.)
- Para sa akin, ang simbolo ng kumbong ay paggalang at pagrespeto.
(To me, kumbong symbolize respect.)
- Para hindi ka mabastos ng mga ibang tao lalo na ang mga kalalakihan.
( So that you can’t be disrespect by other people especially men.)
- Depende, pero para sa akin kapag ito ay talagang tradisyon nararapat
lamang na wag itong tanggalin.
( It depends, but for me when it really a tradition it should not be removed.)
Informant E
1)Ano ang mga iba’t ibang talukbong ng mga babaeng Muslim?

- Shayla, Al-amira, Khimar, Chador, Burqa at Hijab
- Mga disente at simpleng mga pananamit.
( Decent and simple clothing.)
- Hijab ang karaniwan naming isinusuot.
( Hijab, is what we usually wear.)
65 HIGH SCHOOL
pampublikong lugar?
-Khimar, dahil maayos tignan, nababagay siya sa pampublikong lugar.
( Khimar, because it looks good and it suit for public places.)
- Hijab o Khimar
- Hijab
- Chador o Mokna dahil ito talaga ang ginagamit sa pagsisimba at sa tuwing
Ramadhan.
( Chador or Mokna because this is really used on worship and in Ramadhan.)
- Ang burqa ay kung mas matibay ang kanilang pananalig at hijab naman ay
ang karaniwang kasuotan na talagang ginagamit ng mga babaeng Muslim.
( The burqa is that their faith is stronger and the hijab is usually used by
Muslim women.)
2) Dapat bang pumili ang kababaihan ng kanilang sariling pananamit? Bakit o
bakit hindi?
-Hindi, kasi kailangan talagang takpan ang kanilang awrat.
( No, because they really need to cover their awrat.)
-Oo.
(Yes)
-Oo. Inihayag ito sa banal na aklat.
( Yes, it written in the holy book.)
2.3) Bakit pinipili ng mga Muslim na kababaian na takpan ang kanilang saili ng
belo?
- Upang irespeto sila ng ibang tao.
( So that other people respect them.)
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belo?
- naimpluwensyahan sila ng mga nakapaligid sa kanila.
( They are influenced by those whom around them.)
na ito?
- Mali sa mata ng Diyos at magiging makasalanan.
( Wrong in the eyes of God and become a sinner.)
belo?
- Dahil siguro sila ay naiinitan kaya yung mga iba tinatanggal nila.
( Because maybe they were sweating because of the heat so they removed
them.)
na ito?
- Mapaparusahan sila sa kabilang buhay at ang kanilang buhok ay magiging
ahas kapag nasa kabilang buhay na sila.
( They will be punished in the afterlife and their hair will become a snake.)
- Dahil magiging makasalanan sila.
( Because they are becoming sinner,)

- Makikilala ka bilang isang Muslim.
( To be known that you are a Muslim.)
- Upang kami ay respetuhin.
( So that they will repect us.)
- Pwede.
( Maybe)
67 HIGH SCHOOL
Informant F
- Hijab, Niqab, Burqa, Khimar, Shayla, Chador at Al-amira

- long sleeve at mahabang kasuotan.
( long-sleeve and long dress.)
- Hijab
pampublikong lugar?
- Hijab ang kadalasang ginagamit sa pampublikong lugar.
( Hijab, often used in public places.)
- Naaangkop para sa akin sa isang kasal ang Hijab.
( The appropriate to wear in wedding ceremony is Hijab.)
- Hijab ang kadalasang ginagamit ng mga babaeng Muslim dahil ang
kahulugan ng hijab ay “itago” o “ikubli”.
( Hijab, Muslim women often use it because the meaning of the hijab is to
“hide”.)
- Itim na hijab ang naangkop sa isang seminar.
( Black Hijab is appropriate in seminar.)
- Hijab ang ginagamit sa Ramadhan.
( Hijab, They used in Ramadhan.)
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- Ang pinagkaiba ng hijab at burqa ay ang burqa ay kailangang walang

makitang mukha samantalang ang hijab ay makikita pa naman ang mukha.
( The difference between the hijab and the burqa is that the burqa you can’t
see her face while the hijab is that you can see her face.)
o bakit hindi?
- Oo, dahil may karapatan silang pumili ngunit may limitasyon sila dahil dapat
kailangang magsuot sila ng mahahabang kasuotan upang sila ay maging
kagalang galang tignan ng mga ibang tao.
( Yes, because they have the right to choose but they have limitations, they
must wear long clothes so that other people will respect them.)
- Dahil para samin ang pagtatalukbong ay nagpapahiwatig na isa kang
kagalang galang na Muslim.
( Because for us the veil implies that you are a respectable Muslim.)
- Oo.
( Yes)
ng belo?
- Dahil ang babae ay madaling makagawa ng kasalanan.
( Because woman can easily commit a sin.)
belo?
- Dahil sa bagong henerasyon ngunit kadalasang hindi nagusuot nito ay nasa
murang edad pa lamang.
( Due to the new generation but the one who usually don’t wear it are the
younger age.)
- Dahil yung mga iba, siguro dahil narin sa mga nakikita nila na yung iba ay
hindi rin nagbebelo kaya nakikigaya sila.
( And maybe because they see others not wearing it o they do the same.)
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na ito?
- ang kanilang buhok ay magiging ahas kapag sila nasa kabilang buhay na.
( Their hair will become snake when they are in afterlife.)
- Mapaparusahan sila sa kabilang buhay at si Allah na ang bahala sa kanila.
( They will be punished in the afterlife and Allah will take care of them.)
- Hindi.
( No.)
- Dahil kapag hindi sila nakasuot ng kumbong ay mababastos sila.
( Because if their not wearing a veil some people will disrespect them.)
3.3)Ano ang simbolo ng talukbong na ito sa iyo?

- Makikilala ka bilang isang Muslim na sumusunod sa utos ng Panginoon.
( You will be recognized as a Muslim who obeys the command of the Lord.)
- Upang kami ay respetuhin at para maikubli ang kagandahan at itinatago ito
sa pamamagitan ng kumbong.
( So that they will respect us and to hide the beauty through this kumbong.)
- Pwede
(Possible.)
Informant G
- Hijab, Al-amira, Chador, Shayla, Khimar
- long sleeve, long dress
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- Hijab ang karaniwan naming sinusuot.

( Hijab we usually wear.)
pampublikong lugar?
- Hijab
- Naangkop para sa akin sa isang kasal ang Hijab.

( Hijab is appropriate in wedding ceremony.)
- Ang talikbong na naangkop sa isang libing ay ang Chador o Khimar.
( Headdress that is appropriate in burials is chador or khimar.)
- Ang kadalasang isinusuot kapag pumupunta ng seminar ay ang Hijab.
( They often used in seminar is Hijab.)
- Ang angkop na ginagamit sa Ramadan ay ang Chador.
( Chador is appropriate in Ramadan.)
- Ang hijab ay ang kadalasang isinusuot ng mga babaeng Muslim at ang burqa
naman ay ginagamit ng mga babaeng Muslim na malakas ang
pananampalataya kay Allah.
( Hijab is often used of Muslim women while burqa is used if you have a
strong faith in God.)
o bakit hindi?
- Oo, dahil meron silang karapatan.
( Yes, because they have rights.)
- :Para hindi ka makaattract ng mga lalaki.
( So you can’t attract men.)
71 HIGH SCHOOL

- Oo, inihayag ito ng Qur’an.
( Yes, it is written in Qur’an.)
ng belo?
- Kase parte ito ng kanilang kultura.
( Because it is part in their culture.)
belo?
- Dahil yung mga iba ay kung talagang menopause kana ay dina sila
gumagamit pero karamihan ay isinusuot parin nila.
( Because others reached their menopause so they not wearing it but most of
them still wear it.)
na ito?
- Napaparusahan sa kabilang buhay.
( They will punished in the afterlife.)
- Pwede, kapag naiinitan.
( yes, you can if you feel hot and become sweaty.)
- Dahil kultura nila ito.
( Because this is their culture.)
- Sumusunod sa tradisyon at may takot sa Diyos.
( Following the tradition and fear of God.)
- May respeto sa sarili.
( Self- respect.)
72 HIGH SCHOOL
3.4 Ano ang layunin ng mga talukbong na ito?

- Para hindi mabastos.
( So that they will not abuse.)
Appendix D
Documentation
73 HIGH SCHOOL
74 HIGH SCHOOL
75 HIGH SCHOOL
DIFFERENT OCCASIONS
GRADUATION DAY
PUBLIC WORSHIP
76 HIGH SCHOOL
CURRICULUM VITAE
76 HIGH SCHOOL
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : KEILAH MARI O. ABROGENA
Address : QUIRINO BLVD. BRGY. TAMAG,
VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR
Birth Date : DECEMBER 05, 2002
Religion : JEHOVAH’S WITNESSESS
Parents :
Father : JOSE ARAFILES ABROGENA JR.
Occupation : TRICYCLE DRIVER
Mother : MARIBEL OLIVEROS ABROGENA
Occupation : STORE KEEPER
Sibling/s : AZRIEL JAN ABROGENA
JUAN PAOLO ABROGENA
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : VIGAN CENTRAL SCHOOL
Address : BARANGAY IX, CUTA VIGAN CITY
School Year : 2013 - 2015
Secondary :
Junior High School: ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

77 HIGH SCHOOL
Address : GOMEZ ST., BARANGAY VII, VIGAN CITY
Senior High School : Ilocos Sur National High School
Humanities and Social Sciences Strand
Address : Gomez St., Brgy. VII, Vigan City
School Year : 2019 – 2020

78 HIGH SCHOOL
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : MARICEL BAJET RAGUINDIN
Address : PANTAY FATIMA, VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR
Birth Date : APRIL 28, 2002
Religion : ROMAN CATHOLIC
Parents :
Father : RODRIGO BALDO RAGUINDIN
Occupation : CARPENTER
Mother : PAULINA BAJET RAGUINDIN
Occupation : HOUSE KEEPER
Sibling/s : MARY ROSE RAGUINDIN
MARK JASON RAGUINDIN
JOHN PAUL RAGUINDIN
Elementary : PANTAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Address : PANTAY FATIMA, VIGAN CITY
Secondary :
Junior High School: ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

79 HIGH SCHOOL
Address : GOMEZ ST., BRGY. VII, VIGAN CITY

80 HIGH SCHOOL
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : RAHIMA BANTUAS MATUAN
Address : BRGY. III, BANTAY, ILOCOS SUR
Birth Date : DECEMBER 06, 2001
Religion : ISLAM
Parents :
Father : MOHAMMAD ALI ABDULAH MATUAN
Occupation : JEWELRY SELLER
Mother : NAMRAIDA DUMARAYA BANTUAS
Occupation : HOUSE KEEPER
Sibling/s : AL-MUBARAC MATUAN
JALILAH JOHANNA MATUAN
JOHANISAH MATUAN
MOHAMMAD TARIC ALI
SUMAYA MATUAN
HODAYFA MATUAN
81 HIGH SCHOOL
Elementary : BALALENG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Address : BALALENG LAUDENIA, ILOCOS SUR
School Year : 2013-2015
Secondary : ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Junior High School
Address : GOMEZ ST., BRGY. VII, VIGAN CITY

82 HIGH SCHOOL
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : SARAH ABUL
Address : BRGY III, BANTAY ILOCOS SUR
Birth Date : SEPTEMBER 24, 2002
Religion : ISLAM
Parents :
Father : ABUL AMER
Occupation : SELLER
Mother : SARIPA SARIP ABDULLAH
Occupation : SELLER
Sibling/s : CARIMA ABUL
KAIRIA ABUL
CAIRONESAH ABUL
SAHARA ABUL
HASIBA ABUL
MOHAMMAD NUR ABUL
JOLINA QUITEVIS MENDIETA

83 HIGH SCHOOL
Elementary : BALALENG, LAUDENIA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Address : BALALENG LAUDENIA, ILOCOS SUR
Secondary :
Junior High School
Address : GOMEZ St., VIGAN CITY

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i

ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

KUMBONG: DRESS CODE AMONG MUSLIM WOMEN

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Keilah Mari O. Abrogena

This qualitative research entitled “Kumbong: Dress Code Among

Mulim Women” prepared and submitted by Keilah Mari Abrogena, Maricel

Raguindin, Rahima Matuan, and Sarah Abul, in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the subjects Practical Research 1, Reading and Writing,

Pagbasa at Pagsusuri ng Iba’t Ibang Teksto tungo sa Pananaliksik,

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, and Disciplines and Ideas in

acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.

RICHMOND ROMAR S. RIVERA, MAT-Eng

HENRY B. BUEMIO EdD

Approved by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a grade

JAREASON C. FABRE MALENKOV LYNDON V.TORRES

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment for the subjects Practical

Research 1, Reading and Writing, Pagbasa at Pagsusuri ng Iba’t Ibang Teksto

tungo sa Pananaliksik, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, and

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences

JANICE V. ALONZO, EdD

Date : December 05, 2019

Date : March 04, 2020

The researchers wished to express their heartfelt thanks and gratitude

for the immeasurable assistance extended in sharing their invaluable time,

constant motivation, inspiration, and advices in realization of this study,

particularly to the following:

Mr. Romulo Q. Quitevis, principal of Ilocos Sur National High School

for his permission and humble approval in conducting the study.

Mr. Jareason C. Fabre, the researcher’s section adviser, for his

guidance, patient and support in the conducting of study.

suggestions for the completion of the study.

for imparting and coveying his ideas in improving this research.

pursuing their studies.

The informants, for their cooperation, active and vital participation

towards lending their time in answering the questions patiently.

us opportunity to pursue this kind of work.

continually provides us moral, emotional and financial support.

To our brothers,sisters, relatives and friends, teachers who shared their

words of advice and encouraging us to finish this study.

your never ending support. We offer all these to you.

women, what are the different headdresses of Muslim women,what is the

importance of headdress among Muslim women, and how do this headdress

reflect the Muslim culture.

The study utilized the ethnographic study research design. In

determining the sample size, the researchers used purposive sampling.

chosen. The researchers used semi-structured interview to gather information

using an interview schedule about the different headdresses, know its

importance, and the reflections of Muslim culture.

Veiling is a clothing practice wherein Muslim women are wearing a long

kumbong because it is forbidden. Wearing a veil and long dresses by Muslim

significance of the veil, which is a key symbol of identity among Muslim

women, especially the different headdresses, importance and reflection of this

to the Muslim culture.

Based on the findings of the study, the different headdresses,

not know the importance of veiling among Muslim women.

With regard to different headdresses of Muslim women, most of the

head coverings are required to use in different occassions such as wedding