12 Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense :

It shows an action which we do regularly or habitually and shows state,

general truth and scientific fact.
Structure 1: subject + verb + (s/es) + complement. (ACTION)

Structure 2: subject +to be (is / am /are) + complement. (STATE)

Ex: He goes to school every day. (Regular action)

Ex: We drink tea every morning. (Habitual Action)

Ex: She is a good student. (State)

Ex: The sun rises from east. (General truth)

Ex: The water boils at 100C. (Scientific fact)

Helping verbs are “Do and Does”

2. Present Continuous Tense :

It shows an action which is going on right now of speaking.

Structure 1 : subject + to be (is/ am /are) +verb/ing + com. (ACTION)

Ex: We are going to school.

2:
Structure subject + to be (is/ am /are) +being +com. (STATE)
Ex: He is being a reporter.
Helping verbs are “To be (is/ am /are)”

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3. Simple Future Tense :

It shows an action which will happen in the future.

Structure 1 : subject + will / shall + verb + complement. (ACTION)

Ex: He will go to the Kabul.

Structure 2 : subject +will / shall + be + complement. (STATE)

Ex: She will be a nurse.

Structure 3: Sub + to be (is/ am /are) +going to + be + com . (STATE)

Ex: He is going to be a cricketer .

Helping verbs are “ Will and Shall ”

4. Simple Past Tense :

It shows an action or state, which is started in the past finished in the past
in a clear time.
Structure 1 : subject +verb 2+ complement. (ACTION)

Ex: We spoke English.

Structure 2: subject +was/ ware + complement. (STATE)

Ex: He was a teacher.

Helping verb is Did

5. Present Perfect Tense :

It shows an action which is started in the past finished in the past and
unclear time.
Structure 1 : subject +have / has + verb 3 + complement. (ACTION)
Ex: We have gone to Kabul.
Structure 2 : subject +have / has +been+ complement. (STATE)

Ex: She has been a doctor.

Helping verbs are “ Have and Has ”

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6. Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
It shows an action which was started in the past and still continuing.

Structure 1 : Sub +have been /has been +V –ing +since/for+ com. (ACTION)
Ex: He has been talking English for three days.
Structure 2 : Sub +have been /has been +being + since/for+ com. (STATE)

Ex: We have been being reporters since 2006.

Helping verbs are “ Have and Has ”

7. Past Continuous Tense :

It shows an action which was continuing in the past , interrupted by
another action.
Structure 1 : Subject +was /were +verb –ing + complement . (ACTION)
Ex: He was going to school when his father came .
Structure 2 : Subject + was /were +being + complement. (STATE)
Ex: She was being a nurse when her mother came to Kabul .

Helping verbs are “ Was and Were ”

8. Past Perfect Tense :

It shows an action which was completed before another action happened
in the past.
Structure 1 : subject +had +verb 3 + complement . (ACTION)
Ex: We had cleaned our class.
Structure 2 : subject +had +been + complement . (STATE)
Ex: He had been a student .
Helping verb is “ Had ”

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 9. Past Perfect Continuous Tense :
It shows an action which was continuing before another action happened
in the past.
Structure 1 : subject + had been + verb –ing +since/for+ com. (ACTION)
Ex: He had been going to school since 2010 .
Structure 2 : subject +had +been + being + complement . (STATE)
Ex: They had been being teachers .

Helping verb is “ Had been ”

10. Future Continuous Tense :

It shows an action which will be continuing before another action happen
in the future .
Structure 1 : subject + will be / shall be + verb –ing + com . (ACTION)
Ex: He will be eating when his father came .
Structure 2 : subject +will + be + being +complement . (STATE)

Ex: He will be being a cricketer .

Helping verbs are “ Will be and Shall be ”

11. Future Perfect Tense :

It shows an action which will be completed before another action happen
in the future .
Structure 1 : subject + will have / shall have + verb 3 + com. (ACTION)
Ex: They will have learned the English .
Structure 2 : subject + will + have + been + complement . (STATE)

Ex: He will have been a reporter .

Helping verbs are “ Will have and Shall have ”

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12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
It shows the duration of an action which will be continuing before another
action in the future.
Structure 1 : Sub + will have / shall have +been + verb –ing + com.(ACTION)
Ex: Najib will have been playing cricket .
Structure 2 : subject + will have + been + being +complement . (STATE)

Ex: She will have been being a nurse .

Helping verbs are “ Will have been and Shall have been ”

Verbs

No Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 Meaning

1 Remember Remembered Remembered ‫پیادول‬
2 Clean Cleaned Cleaned ‫پاکول‬
3 Listen Listened Listened ‫غوږ نیول‬
4 Need Needed Needed ‫ضرورت درلودل‬
5 Call Called Called ‫زنګ وهل‬
6 Describe Described Described ‫تشریح کول‬
7 Find Found Found ‫پیداکول‬
8 Think Thought Thought ‫فکر کول‬
9 Buy Bought Bought ‫رانیول‬
10 Hide Hid Hidden ‫پټول‬
11 Bring Brought Brought ‫راوړل‬
12 Solve Solved Solved ‫حلول‬
13 Discount Discounted Discounted ‫تخفیف کول‬
14 Learn Learned Learnt ‫زده کول‬
15 Help Helped Helped ‫کومک کول‬
16 Wish Wished Wished ‫هیله درلودل‬
17 Climb Climbed Climbed ‫ختل‬
18 Dry Dried Dried ‫وچول‬
19 Hate Hated Hated ‫نفرت کول‬
20 Bribe Bribed Bribed ‫رشوت ورکول‬

Date : 1396 / 11 / 11 , 2018 / 1 / 31

Writer : Najibullah Jan Afghan Page 5