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Sunith 160329154059
Sunith 160329154059
Sunith H Guraddi
Mtech (CIM)
RVCE,Bangalore
Contents
• Introduction
• Part families
• Part classification and coding
Introduction
• Batch manufacturing is estimated to be the most common
form of production in the United States, constituting more
than 50% of total manufacturing activity.
• The term group technology was first used by Prof. Mitrofanov in early
1950s.
• Group technology is manufacturing philosophy in which similar parts are
identified and grouped together to take advantage of their similarities in
design and production. Similar parts are arranged into part families, where
each part family possesses similar design and / or manufacturing
characteristics.
.
For e.g:
• A plant producing 10000 different part numbers may be able
to group the vast majority of these parts into 30-40 distinct
families. It is reasonable to believe that the processing of each
member of a given family is similar and this should result in
manufacturing efficiencies.
• Reduce WIP
• Improve scheduling
• Reduce tooling
All parts are machined from cylindrical stock by turning: some parts require
drilling and /or milling
• One of the important manufacturing advantages of grouping
work parts into families can be explained with reference to
figures 3 and 4 .
• figure 3 shows a process type plant layout for batch
production in a machine shop.
• The various machine tools are arranged by function.
• There is a lathe department, milling machine department,
drill press department and so on.
• To machine a given part , the work piece must be transported
between departments.
• This results in work piece to visit the same department in
several times.
Fig.3 Process type and plant layout
PROCESS TYPE LAYOUT
Results in
1. Significant amount of material handling
5. High cost
• In the group technology layout machines are
arranged into cells.
• Each cell is organized to specialize in the production
of a particular part family.
Fig.4 Group technology layout
GROUP TECHNOLOGY LAYOUT
Results in:
1. Reduced material handling
5. Low cost
PART FAMILY FORMATION
1. Visual inspection
• All the three methods are time consuming and involve the analyze
of much data by properly trained personal.
VISUAL INSPECTION
• This method is the least sophisticated and least expensive
method.
• This method is fast and simple and is useful when the part mix
is not complex.
Fig.5 Visual inspection method
PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING
• This method is the most time consuming of the three
methods.
• Minor operations
• Operation sequence
• Major dimension
• Surface finish
• Machine tool
• Batch size
• Annual production
• Fixtures required
• Coding schemes that contain only design data require fewer digits,
perhaps 12 or fewer.
• This might seem like too many digits for a human reader to easily
comprehend, but most of the data processing of codes is
accomplished by computer.
Some general classification and coding systems developed.
Selection of classification and coding systems
Some of the important classification and coding system attributes include:
1. Flexibility for various applications such as part family formation, process planning,
costing, and purchasing.
4. Ease of learning
5. Ease of retrieval
• It is generally a 9 digit code with 5 forming the primary code while the last 4
are secondary code.
• The first nine are intended to convey both design and manufacturing data.
• The first five digits, 12345 are called the form code. This describes the
primary design attributes of the part. Such as external shape (For example,
rotational vs rectangular) and machined features (for example, holes,
threads, gear teeth, and so forth)
• The next four digits ,6789, constitute the supplementary code , which
indicates some of the attributes that would be useful in manufacturing.
(for example, dimensions, work material, starting shape, and accuracy.)
• The extra four digits ,ABCD, are referred to as secondary code and are
intended to identify the production operation type and sequence.
• The secondary code can be designed by the user firm to serve its own
particular needs.
The Opitz coding system consists of three groups of digits:
Fig.5 Basic structure of the Opitz system of parts classification and coding
Fig.6 Form code for rotational parts in the Opitz coding system
• let us examine the from code consisting of the first five
digits, defined generally in fig 6.
• The first digit identifies whether the part is rotational or
non rotational. It also describes the general shape and
proportions of the part.
• We limit our survey here to rotational parts possessing no
unusual features, those with first digit values of 0,1,or 2. for
this class of work parts, the coding of the first five digits is
defined in fig 6.
• Consider the following examples to determine the coding of
a given parts.
EXAMPLE 1
Figure 7
Given the rotational part design in figure 7. determine the form code in the Optiz
parts classification and coding system.
Figure 8
Solution
1 2 1 3 2
Part class: External shape: Internal shape: Surface Auxiliary holes:
Rotational part, Stepped to one Stepped to one machining: Axial on pitch
L/D =2 end ,thread end, no shape External groove circle diameter
element
EXAMPLE 3
Develop the opitz form code (first fiive digits) for component given in figure 9
Figure 9
Solution
1 3 0 3 3
Part class: External shape: Internal shape: Surface Auxiliary holes:
Rotational part, Stepped to one no hole machining: Radial , not on
L/D =1.52 end ,smooth , External groove pitch circle
no shape diameter
elements
MICLASS coding system
• The MICLASS ( Metal Institute Classification)was developed
by organisation for Applied Scientific Research in
Netherlands in 1960s and 1970s to develop a system for
both design and manufacture needs for OIR (Organisation
for Industrial Research).
• The various functions MICLASS was developed for are
Standardise engineering drawings
Retrieve drawings based on classification
Standardise process routing
Automate process planning
• MICLASS is an expandable hybrid code system of up to 30
digits, while the first 12 digits have been standardised.
• The system can be enlarged to thirty digits to cover any
classification attribute desired by the user
• Computer software is provided by OIR for deriving the
part code ,after the user goes through series of questions
and answers them interactively.
•The built in logic is in the form of decision tree
KK-3 Coding System
• This is a code developed by the Japan Society for the promotion of the Machine
industry(JSPMI) and was presented first in 1976
CODE MDSI System