ISSUES OF THE WARD
HEALTH FACILITIES:
1. No Government Primary Health Centre, with in the
ward which causes lack of awareness regarding
government sponsored health scheme to the economic
weaker section .
2. The Slum of Salimpur Ahra region have all the
essential government document like Ration card,
Aadhar card & Voter card, but rest slums don’t have
other than Voter card, which causes unavailability of
covid-19 vaccination data and other government
sponsored scheme.
3. Sanitation of ward is not conducting on regular basis,
which can cause a breakout of any severe diseases.
4. The buildings having medical centre are not following
proper by-laws.
RATION SHOPS:
1. There is no transparency in the services at public
distribution level even when we have the funding and
people employed and enough number of outlets.
2. The ration shops in the ward are not operating
properly and are distributing poor quality goods.
GOVERNANCE:
1. The ward does not have proper monitoring and
surveillance for the safety and security purpose .
EDUCATION:
1. Currently one government school is present with in
the ward but in dilapidated condition.
2. Educational facility in the ward is in average
condition and people are dependent on the other
nearby ward for education facility.
CREMATION:
1. The Hindu cremation sites such as bans ghat and
gulbi ghat are flooded during rainy seasons.
2. The hindu cremation practices are still not inclined
towards electric cremation even though facility is
provided.
3. Covid impact has resulted in long waiting hours at the
cremation sites.
RECREATIONAL & SPORTS FACILITIES:
1. The ward is devoid of any sports activity or
infrastructure at neighbourhood level.
2. At present availability of neighbourhood and small
pocket park is Missing.
3. No kids Play area in the ward leads them to play on
streets.
4. The ghats in the ward is not properly maintained.
1st Year MURP
Batch 2021-23 1

STRENGTH
ECONOMIC 1. Maximum working people are
SECTOR engaged in business, trade and
services.
1. It's a hub for different markets
which is attracting more
consumers from the ward and
outside the ward.
2. It's in aprime location near to
Gandhi madan and Exhibition
Road.
1. Good quality products are
available in chepeast price.
2. Variety of venders due to prime
location of the ward.
3. It's increasing the public
activity in ward.
1. It's a most prominent
commercial hub of famous Car
accessories market, Hotels,
Residential apartments and
Banks.
TRANSPORTAT 1. Market area (Daldali road and
ION Gola road)
2. Commercial area (Exhibition
road)
1. Major Mode of share is walk
and cycle which is almost 46%.
2. Mostly People of Patna prefer
Auto and E rikshaw for Public
transport and more than 50% of
them are either CNG or Electric
operated vehicle.
1. Availabiity of parking in public
and semi-public organisations.
2. People are comfortable to park
their vehicles in ward.
SWOC ANALYSIS
WEAKNESS
1. Only 30% of ward population are
working in any area.
1. There is no proper infrastructure in
ward for shops.
2. It's unable to hold peak rush.
3. They don't have proper storage
spaces.
4. There is no Gov. support or scheme
for formal markets.
1. There is no proper vending zone.
2. They are being harassed by Police in
current scenerio.
3. They don't have basic amineties in our
ward.
4. No support fro Gov is provided.
5. It increase congestion on busy street.
6. They don't maintaine proper heygine
in food stalls.
1. There is no proper space for parking.
2. On footpath and side of road parking
of vehicles.
3. There is no any restriction and law for
the illegal parking.
1. Narrow roads.
2. Traffic load is more than desired.
1. Public Vehicle growth is very less if we
compare to the private vehicle growth.
2. There is no any Government scheme
for buying public vehicle in Urban area.
3. There is no any dedicated space for
Auto and E rikshaw.
1. Less Parking Space available.
2. On street Parking of Vehicles.
3. Illegal parking on roads.
4. No dedicated space for parking at
Ashok Rajpath, Bakerganj, Daldali road.
OPPORTUNITY
1. It can be helpful for MSME sector
and for ward economy.
1. Due to its location vendores can
earn more on daily basis.
Different type of commercial outlets
like as Car accessories market, Hotels,
institute Banks, Shopping center and
malls.
1. Covering of drainage and providing
the space for various activities like
parking, children parks, public toilet,
informl market, waste composting, etc.
1. The mode of share of the city is
dominated by two modes walking and 2
wheelers. Therefore we have a
opportunity to at least maintain the
walking in the city and reduce the 2
wheeler use in our study area.
1. To make available parking spaces for
vehicles reducing hinderance for the
free flow of traffic.
2. Good amount can be Generated
through parking charges by providing
parking facilities for vehicles.
SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018
CHALLENGE
1. To create and move
the vending zone.
2. Its hard to keep on
check for heyginic
conditions of vending
zone.
Providing separate public
parking facilities in the
Exhibition road
1. Decongestion of Gola
road and Daldali road.
2. Providing parking
facilities for market in
Gola road and Daldali
Road.
3. Provide parking space
for commercial zone in
exhibition road,
1. Increasing the share of
Bus as Public transport
in the mode of share.1.
Creating awareness
among people for parking
and its effects
2. Creating efficient
parking space for
vehicles.
2

STRENGTH
PHYSICAL 1.The pipe line connection providing the
INFRASTRUCTU throughout the ward including (if it is
RE notified slum ).
2.Ground water level is high.
1, Street sweeping and door to door
collection of waste everyday.
2.Bio-medical waste collected and
treated also.
3.Land fill site capacity for solid waste
management is sufficient.
1. Sewage pumping station in exhibition
road.
2. Stp saidpur in the 2 km distance from
ward 37.
3. Patna master plan 2031 proposed 6
stps in patna.
SOCIAL 1. At present ward have decentralised
INFRASTRUCTU health centre.
RE 2. Availability of the one 60 bed hospital
specially dedicated to women & child
care, with emergency facility.
Availability of 2 private 1 government
school and 1 government college give a
ward an ample of opportunity.
Availability of some more private school
nearby ward serve the extra required
educational facilities.
Facilities Nearby ward like Gandhi
Maidan, Cinema Theatre example
Mona,regent e.t.c. Outlets like Domino's,
K.F.C's, Mahendru ghat e.t.c. and also
other recreational space serve a
satisfactory experience for the ward.
1. Enough funding from the government.
Enough no.of shops for supply.
1. Any religion cremation is happening
with ease for all people.
SWOC ANALYSIS
WEAKNESS
1. Some area of pipe layed open
surface of beside the road.
2. No rain harvesting pit.
3. Impropper pipe fitting.
4.Lack of monitoring.
5. improper diameter of pipe
1.lack of cordination between
administration and residents.
2. segregation of waste could
not be implemented in
Ramchak Bariya due to lack of
employees.
1. Due to less road width
sewerage infrastructure face
difficulty.
2. Open drainage in the ward
37.
1. Sanitation and maintainace
of open sewage at ward not
conducting on regular interval.
2. Lack of awareness among
people regarding personal
health.
1.Government school conditions
is miserable.
1.Lack of small pocket park and
kid's play area is a major
concern.
1. No proper invigilator or
surveillance. No proper service
to public. Corruption in the
system
1. Any flood or natural rise in
water level results in flooding.
Covid cases are very high and
thus long waiting hrs are
happening
OPPORTUNITY
1. While providing the sensor to
the pipe
then the knowing what is the
actual pressure in the pipe then
we can control the pressure.
2.Increasing diameter of pipe then
reducing the leakage.
3.While providing rain water
harvesting pit, then increase the
ground water level.
1.Use wet waste to generate
compost and sell it in market
1. Open drainage area can be used
for accumulate facilities
1. We can work with local NGOs to
spread awareness in ward on of
various aspect like sanitation,
personal health awarness as the
literacy of ward is 77.2% (as per
census data 2011) and only 7%
people are more than age of
60years and above.
1.Some vacant space at
government school will provide
opportunity to redevelop it.
1.Open drain can be covered and
the space created can be use for
developing recreational space.
1. To make all systems adhaar or
biometric enabled. To make people
aware of the policies and eligibility
provided by the govt.
1. Hindu cremation practices can
be done using a more ecological
way than burning the wood.
CHALLENGE
1. 1. Difficult to proving sensor to the
pipe because the pipes already laid.
2. 2. To providing rain water harvesting
pit in every houses, lack of improper
areas in there houses.
3. 1. Segregation of recyclables waste at
source not done.
4. 2. lack of technical expertise and
appropriate institutional arrangement,
indifferent attitude of citizens towards
waste management due to lack of
awareness.
5. 3. Domestic waste and commercial
waste is thrown on streets.
6. 1. Cleaning and maintenance of open
drainage.
7. Maintenance of sewerage line.
8. Segregation of storm water and
management.
1. Lack of road with proper width
2. At present health centre surrounded by
other type of building like residential and
mixuse which can be hazardous at point of
time in emergency.
1. Fees regulations, Affordable education
for all, and awareness of both parents and
teacher for the quality of education.
1. Regular Maintenance.
1. The challenge is to make every
individual aware of their rights and voice
out for the corruption happening.
Cremation.
1. To convience people that these beliefs
and practices can be changed but still is
the same as their traditional practice.
SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 3
 SWOC ANALYSIS
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
HOUSING Man power. It can be utilized to make 1.Lack of area to accomodate the
changes in the ward. future housing needs.
1. Open garbage disposal
2. Congestion
3. Old dilapidated houses
OPPORTUNITY
1. Opportunity for land pooling in
old congested residential zones
CHALLENGE
1.High population density in the ward.
1. Convincing people for land pooling
2. Enforcement of new policies
3. Spreading awareness on new practices
SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 4
 POPULATION PROJECTION

1) Arithematic Method 2) Geometric Increase Method

Pn = P + n.C Pn = population after nth decade Pn = P(1+IG/100)n IG = Geometric mean

P = present population P = present population
C = rate of change of population n = no. of decades
n = number of years

Geometrical Increase Rate

Year Population Increment Year Population (Pn) Increment
of growth

1991 13,70,098 1991 13,70,098

(5,91,434/13,70,098)
2001 19,61,532 5,91,434
2001 19,61,532 5,91,434 = 0.43
(5,53,058/19,61,532)
2011 25,14,590 5,53,058 2011 25,14,590 5,53,058
= 0.28
(0.43 X 0.28)1/2
Average Increment 5,72,246 IG
= 0.35

POPULATION OF URBAN PATNA POPULATION OF URBAN PATNA

2021 P2021 = 25,14,590 + (5,72,246 X 1) = 30,86,836 2021 P2021 = 25,14,590 X ( 1 + 0.35) = 33,94,696

2031 P2031 = 25,14,590 + (5,72,246 X 2) = 36,59,082 2031 P2031 = 33,94,696 X ( 1 + 0.35) = 45,82,840

2041 P2041 = 25,14,590 + (5,72,246 X 3) = 42,31,328 2041 P2041 = 45,82,840 X ( 1 + 0.35) = 61,86,834

POPULATION OF WARD 37 POPULATION OF WARD 37

2021 P2021 = 30,86,836 X 0.57/100 = 17,595 2021 P2021 = 33,94,696 X 0.57/100 = 19,349

2031 P2031 = 36,59,082 X 0.57/100 = 20,857 2031 P2031 = 45,82,840 X 0.57/100 = 26,122

2041 P2041 = 42,31,328 X 0.57/100 = 24,119 2041 P2041 = 61,86,834 X 0.57/100 = 35,264

SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 5
 POPULATION PROJECTION

3) Incremental Increase Method PERSPECTIVE POPULATION FOR THE YEAR 2021, 2031 & 2041

Pn = P +n.X + { n ( n + 1 ) / 2 } .Y Sl. Population in Population in Population in

Method
No. 2021 2031 2041
Pn = population after nth decade Arithematic
1. 17,595 20,857 24,119
X = Average increase Method
Y = Incremental increase Geometric
2. 19,349 26,122 35,264
Method
Incremental Increase
Year Population (Pn) Increase (X)
(Y)
Incremental
3. 17,376 20,419 22,806
1991 13,70,098 Increase Method

2001 19,61,532 5,91,434

Rounded to 17,595 20,860 24,120
2011 25,14,590 5,53,058 -38,376
Arithematic Method will be taken for Patna as this method is used for large
Total 11,44,492 -38,376
and old city.
Average 5,72,246 -38,376
P O P U L AT I ON P R OJ EC T I ON

POPULATION OF URBAN PATNA 30000

2021 P2021 = 2514590 + 1 X 572246 + (1(1+1)/2) X (-38376) = 30,48,460 25000

24120
2031 P2031 = 2514590 + 2 X 572246 + (2(2+1)/2) X (-38376) = 35,82,330
20000 20860
2041 P2041 = 2514590 + 3 X 572246 + (3(3+1)/2) X (-38376) = 40,01,072 17595
15000
14320
POPULATION OF WARD 37 10000

2021 P2021 = 30,48,460 X 0.57/100 = 17,376

5000
2031 P2031 = 35,82,330 X 0.57/100 = 20,419
0
2041 P2041 = 40,01,072 X 0.57/100 = 22,806 2011 2021 2031 2041

SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 6
PROPOSALS:

After Analysing the ward in the different aspect we merged this into a single term as per requirement so that, each proposal has
more than 1 Dimension, This will not only guide us to work together but also helps to improve the results.

Economic Transportation Physical Social

Housing
Sector Structure Infrastructure Infrastructure

• Occupational • Hierarchy and Study • Water Supply • Health Facilities • Population

Structure Along Major Streets household
• Electricity Supply • Educational houses
• Formal Market • Vehicle Population & Facilities
Public • Solid Waste • Vacant Land
• Informal Transportations Management • Recreational
Market Services Facilities • Slums
• Sewerage
• Mixed use & • Parking, Trip • Governance • Built Form &
Commercial Generation & Schemes
Outlets Attraction • Cemetery, Banks
& Ration Shops

Kartik Mahatma
2130017 7
 PROPOSALS

RECREATION
PEDESTRIAN
PARKING PLAZA
PARKING ZONE 1

FORMAL AND COMMERCIAL

FORMAL AND COMMERCIAL

RECREATIONAL
PARKING

ZONE 2
INFORMAL

COMPOST PIT

TOILET

ZONE 3

Rohan Kr Bharti
2130012 8
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS

5. Multi nodal foot

over bridge

4. No entry of
vehicles in Gola
3. Change of U- road and Dalddali
turn location and road
blocking the
intersection at
Bari path.

2. Multilevel 1. Parking space

Parking space at for 2-Wheelers on
Exhibition Road Drainage
corner

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006

ABHISHEK |2130011 9
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS (cont.)

Proposal Location: Open Drain, Daldail Road And Gola Road

1. The open drainage system is a problem in this area

which is dangerous and also leads to several health
hazardous.

• A Proposal to clean the open drain and cover it. And

providing the space for parking as well as to street hawkers.
• This will cater the need for parking space for both the
market in Gola road and Daldali road.
• Six stretch of 50m each is provided and each stretch can
accommodate 50 bikes. This will provide a parking space for
300 bikes.
• Guards will be assigned, so that only 2-wheelers can enter.
• Parking fees will be collected which will help in maintenance
and giving salary of the guards and parking staffs.

All dimensions are in meters(m).

Parking Space on drain

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006

ABHISHEK |2130011 10
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS (cont.)

Proposal Location: Exhibition Road More

2. There is a shortage of parking facility in

exhibition road which again leads to traffic
congestion.
• A proposal can be made for multilevel parking facility
at Exhibition road more which will help to cater the
need for the parking space.
• And also this parking facility may have commercial
space at ground floor and Recreational space on top
floor.

• It will accommodate 120 Cars and 220 bikes.

All dimensions are in meters(m).

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006
ABHISHEK |2130011 11
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS (cont.)

Proposal Location: Intersection Of Bari Path and Gandhi

Maidan Path

3. There is a bottle neck area at the junction of Bari

path and Gandhi Maidan path even when Bari path
is one way street.

Bari path is a one way street and still there is

congestion. A proposal to close the intersection at
Bari path and Gandhi Maidan path and a U-turn is
provided 30m away from the intersection for takin
right turn for the incoming traffic from Bari path.

This will help in reduction of congestion at Bari path

corner.

Proposal Location: Daldail Road And Gola Road

4. There is a traffic congestion problem is faced o daily

basis because of the narrow roads and market in
Gola road and Daldali road.

A proposal to restrict the vehicular movement in Gola

Road and Daldali road from 7a.m. to 10p.m. can be
made. This will help in the elimination of the congestion
happening due to vehicles during the peak timing of the
market.
Guards will be appointed at the ends of the roads to
restrict vehicular movement
And also loading and unloading of goods will be done
from 10p.m. onwards.

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006

ABHISHEK |2130011 12
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS (cont.)

Proposal Location: Kargil Chowk

5. This is a highly congested intersection and

pedestrian are facing problem in crossing the road.
A proposal of foot over bridge at Kargil Chowk will help
the pedestrians to cross the road safely and also it will
not hinder the movement of traffic.

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006

ABHISHEK |2130011 13
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS (cont.)

1. OPEN DRAIN PARKING:

➢ Employment generation
1. MULTI LEVEL PARKING AT EXHIBITION ROAD
• Parking Staffs = 6
MORE :
➢ Revenue generation
• Assumptions: ➢ Employment generation
• One parking slot will be occupied by 4 to 5 • Parking Staffs = 8
vehicles each day ➢ Revenue generation
• Parking fees = Rs 10 per 2-wheeler • Total parking space available:
• We have provided 6 parking stretch with • 2-Wheelers = 220
capacity of 50 vehicles each • 4-Wheelers = 120
• Total no. of parking slots = 300 • Parking Fees:
• Total Revenue generated = ₹ 12000 to ₹ 15000 • 2-Wheelers = ₹ 20 for 4 hour
per day • 4-Wheelers = ₹ 40 for 4 hour
• Assuming 1 parking slot will be occupied by
3 to 4 vehicles each day
1. GOLA ROAD AND DALDALI ROAD:
• Total revenue generated = ₹ 27600 to
➢ Employment generation ₹ 36800 per day
• Guards = 4

RAJENDRA HUDE |2130006

ABHISHEK |2130011 14
ANKIT KUMAR| 2130019
 Water Supply Proposal For Ward -37

Overflow Of Water Tank.?

• When Water Enter Into The Tank We No Rain Harvesting Pit In
Don’t Know How Much Water Level In Houses.?
The Tank. • Due To Lack Of Places In There
Solution: Houses.
• To Provide Alarm To The Tank. Solution:
• To Provide Free Board To Tank. • To Create Awareness To The
People.

Leakages Of Pipe.?
• Due To High Pressure The Pipe Leakages Are
Happened
• And The Pipes Was Laid In Decades Of Back.
• Day By Day The Population Is Increasing The Ward,
Then Demanding Of Water Also Increasing And
Creating Pressure Into The Pipe.
Solution: The Supplied Water Is Not Fit For
• Adding Senor To The Pipes Then We Can Easily Drinking.?
Identify Where The Leakage Is Happening . • Improper Quality Of Water Supplied To
• To Increasing The Diameter Of Pipe And Improve The The Household.
Jointing Of Two Pipes. • During Supplying Of Water Only
• To Laying Painting On Top Surface Of Pipe. Chlorination Treatment Is Happened.
Solution:
• To Improve Purify Of Water In Treatment
Plant Before Supplying To The Houses.

M. MEGHANATH
2130013
15
 Water Supply Proposal For Ward -37

Estimation of water:
• Total buildup area of ward-37 = 0.176 sq.km
= 176,000 Sq.m
• Annual rainfall in Patna = 1000mm
• Total water collected in one year = 176,000,000 L
Taking 20% off for loses of water = 35,200,000 L
• total remaining water is =140,400,000 L

• Total consumption of water in one year

= 14317*100*365 = 522,570,500 L
Total water consumption/year Total water collected/year
=522,570,500 L = 140,400,000

• Saving of water = 140.8/522.57 *100 = 27%

• For example: Daily consumption electricity for distribution of

water = 10 hour.
• 1 HP = 746W = 69 units
• Total consumption of electricity in one year = 69*10*365 =
25,185,000 units
• Cost of bill = 25,185,000*6.5 = 16,37,000/-

• Saving money = 16,37,000* 0.27 = 4,41,990/-

M.MEGHANATH 16
2130013
 ELECTRICITY-PROPOSAL

❖STRATEGIES ❖Type of PV Systems:

1. Grid Tied System:
Grid-Tied systems are connected to your
grid and require no battery storage.
❖FACTOR 2. Grid Interactive System:
•These are essentially grid tied systems
with an additional battery bank which
can store power.
• They can provide electricity for
critical loads in case of a utility power
failure thus providing a certain
protection against short term black
❖Type of Subsector ❖ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTATIC outs.
Convert solar heat into electric energy

❖How to connected solar PV system

❖MONITORING BY BREDA

SUBSIDY BY BREDA
MINIMUM-2000Per Project
MAXIMUM-10,000PerProject

COAST ❖Challenges in development of Solar PV

One time -100,000Per 1MW projects
• High capital cost:
• Low Capacity Utilization factor:

SRISHTI DEO
2130014
 PROPOSAL -SEWERAGE

1. PROPOSAL OF MAINTENANCE OF SEWERAGE OF WARD 37 2.PROPOSAL IS TO COVER THE OPEN DRAINAGE-

• By covering open ,semi open sewerage line through which no extra litter
is thrown in the sewers.
• Maintenance of sewer lines monthly by pmc.
• According to household survey data -
• Taking a example of manadiri nala from R-block to bans ghat.
• Development of smart urban street with includes ,vending zone ,footpath,
parking facilities, green spaces etc.
• Removal of encroachments and rehabilitation of drain.
• Improve health and hygiene condition in the areas.

PARKING PARKING
Before Before

After
After

COMPOSTING

PATHWAY
VENDER AND MARKET AREA RENATURALIZATION
PARKING AREA
PARK
ROAD PUBLIC TOILET

ASHISH KUMAR
2130007
18
 PROPOSAL-SEWERAGE
3.PROPOSAL OF CONNECTING SEWERAGE LINES TO THE STP SAIDPUR.

• Daily sewage generation by ward 37 ,population-14317 ,water demand is 135 lpcd. As per the CPHEEO manual,
• 80 % of the water supply without 15% losses, is to be taken as the sewage generation which 1.3 mld.
• Connected the unconnected sewerage line to sewage pumping plant.
• Due to topography of Patna ward 37 is in 60m elevated and stp saidpur at elevation of 52m ,so that gravitational flow of sewage is possible,
there is no need for install sps in current scenario. TOPOGRAPHY

STP SAIDPUR

STP SAIDPUR
WARD 37

Source-https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/maps/lpd3/Patna/
An average elevation of 53 m (174 ft)of Patna .
STP (SAIDPUR) A characteristic feature of the geography of Patna is at the
600 mm diameter sewer confluence of rivers.
PROJECT COST-
• 1 m of 600 mm pipes cost -3,456Rs.
1.6km • For 1.2km-41,47,200Rs AND Manhole cost-
3,50,000Rs
SPS(SEWAGE PUMPING STATION) • Total -44,97,200Rs ,
• 30% is labor cost of construction -14,99,000rs
• SAIDPUR TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY-60 MLD. • TOTAL-59,96.200rs.
• TOTAL -4 ACTIVE SPS IS IN PATNA. Employment for project-
• SPS A –AT EXIBIHITION NEAR BY WARD 37. • 1 project head-30k/month.
• SEWAGE FLOW BY GRAVITY FROM WARD 37 TO
STP THROUGH -600 MM DIAMETER PIPE LINE. • 2 site supervisor-18k/month.
• 20 laborer -700rs/day.
ASHISH KUMAR
2130007
19
 PROPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
LOCATION OF DECENTRALISED COMMUNITY LEVEL COMPOST
• SEGREGATION AT SOURCE IN 3 CATEGORIES
TERRACE COMPOSTING

• WASTE TO COMPOSTING

RESIDENCE(TERRACE / BACKYARD) COMMUNITY (SEMI ARERATED COMPOSTER)

• ADD 1 MORE CONTAINER FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION MATURING CONTAINER

IN VEHICLE

• IEC PROGRAMME OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

• PENALTY SYSTEM

SEGREGATION AT SOURCE IN 3 CATEGORIES-

• TWO DOMESTIC BINS FOR WET , DRY AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
TO EACH HOUSEHOLD UNIT TO BE PROVIDED BY MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION. 1’-2’’
• CREATE AWARENESS FOR SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE
• TWO TIMES IN A WEEK DRY WASTE IS COLLECTED AND ON
DAILY BASIS WET WASTE IS COLLECTED.
• IN DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION DAILY WASTE GENERATED BY COMPOST MART
PER PERSON IS 0.41KG WET WASTE AND 0.2 KG DRY WASTE, (10 SQM)
• SO THAT WE PROVIDE 3-3 LITER FOR WET AND DRY WASTE AND
1.5 LITER FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE DUSTBIN.

ANJALI KRI VERMA

2130003 20
 PROPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTE TO COMPOSTING
MANAGING GROUP OF WASTE TO COMPOSTING ROUTE MAP OF COMPOSTING VEHICLE

Outgoing Shorting
Screening Receptionist
Compost
For Packaging or accountant
Manuring

Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Clerk

Worker

No.-11

Community Based Semi Aerated Composting Plant

• ITS COVERS MAXIMUM AREA OF
THE WARD.
• SHORTEST ROUTE IS COVERED .
• DUE TO ROAD WIDTH OF THE
WARD.
• DUE TO COLLECTION POINTS .

23.45m

2.1m

21
 ESTIMATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT

RESIDENCE(TERRACE / BACKYARD)

Each household (6 persons) generates -2.46 kg/day waste.

1 unit (2 compost bin of capacity 220kg ) of cost- 15000rs (5 yrs.)
One compost unit area requirement(5ftx3ft):- 15 Sq. Ft
In 40 days each household generate -98.4 kg/day waste.
1kg(33%) of waste generates-0.35 kg compost.
1kg of compost selling price- 20rs
Each household generates 32.47 kg compost in 40 days- 649.44 Rs.
• For 1 months compost – 487.08 Rs.
• For 1 yrs. compost-5926.14 Rs.
• For 5 yrs. Compost-29630.7 Rs.
Govt. under Swachh Bharat Mission giving 150 rs per household/month
In 5 yrs. total income from waste is =29630.7 Rs.+ 9000Rs.=38630.7 Rs
• Profit = selling price - cost price = 38630.7 - 15000 = 23630.7 Rs COMPOST UNIT -220 KG CAPACITY

COMMUNITY (SEMI ARERATED COMPOSTER)

Total population of EWS is 63% - 9019.71 and LIG is 17% -2433.89

Total population of LIG and EWS is 11453.6
Community composing provided for 7317 persons providing in Salimpur Ahra.
Waste generation of 7317 persons per day –3 ton
Semi Aerated Smart Composter installed of capacity – 500kg in 1 hr. and 3 ton in 1 day.
Machine rate-6,85,400 Rs, vehicle rate – E Rickshaw Garbage collection 93000 Rs, E
Rickshaw Manure Loader -64000 Rs
Construction cost – 100000 Rs
For maintenance of plant and plant employee wages – 2 Lakh /month
Total expenditure – 942,400 Rs
Compost generation -900 kg / day
EXPENDITURE PROFIT • Every day compost worth -18000 Rs
(5 yrs.) ( 5 yrs.) • 1 month compost worth- 540000 Rs
Apartments of 13.55 LAKH Rs 35309250 Rs • 1 yrs. Compost worth -6570000Rs
new housing Profit = selling price – cost price = 6570000-3342400 = 3,227,600 (1 yrs.)
(no.-08) • Area (machine , storage of waste , maintenance area)- 50 sq.m.
(Terrace- • Area (Maturing) -300 sq.m
1400sq m.)

ANJALI KRI VERMA

2130003 22
 IEC PROGRAMME OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

AWARENESS GENERATION

• SHG shall conduct awareness generation programs at ward level through

audio or visual communication.
• Using print media to create better awareness to the citizens for a better
understanding.
• The cities can demonstrate the technologies in places which witness a high
footfall of the citizens.
• The technologies can have either a display board or audio tools explaining
the steps, benefits, etc. of on-site composting.
• For ward hire a master trainer at 306rs per day for monitoring and training
about solid waste management.

THROUGH MULTIPLE CHANNELS (DIGITAL,

BROADCAST, PRINT OR AUDIO CONTENT)
MODELS OF ENGAGEMENT OF SHGS IN IMPLEMENTATION
• Implementation through CRPs(Community Resource
Persons)
• Implementation through SLFs (Slum Level Federations )
• Implementation through SLFs ( Self Help Group)
• Setting up Compost marts
• Compost mart provide compost to the near by garden and parks.

PENALTY SYSTEM
A special task force will now on patrol the city streets and
impose penalty on people and organizations dumping garbage in
public places: Rs 100 on households and small vendors, Rs 200
on shops and Rs 500 on major business establishments.

Source-https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patnaites-to-face-fines-for-throwing-waste-
on

ANJALI KRI VERMA

2130003 23

Healthcare Available in Ward
1. Vrindavan Nursing Home
2. Samriddhi Nursing Home
3. Shanti Nursing Home
4. Siddqui Nursing Home
5. Ruban Hospital for Women & Child
Healthcare Available Nearby Ward
1. Patna Dental College & Hospital
2. Indira Gandhi Emergency Center
3. Patna Medical College & Hospital
4. Nalanda Medical College & Hospital
Current Health Scheme Running by State &
Central Government
1. Janani Aevam Bal Shuraksha Yojna
2. Pariwar Kalyan Yojna
3. Mukhyamantri Kalajaar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
Rahat Yojna
4. Covid Vaccination
HEALTH FACILITIES
Facilities present at Healthcare:
1. Availability of General Physician.
Observation based on Health 2. Availability of Ambulance as per
Infrastructure: demand with max. fare of trip is 2k.
1. At present no government dispensary present
(as per primary survey).
with in the ward.
3. 60 bed hospital for women & child
2. 1 Dispensary per 15K population as per
with 24hrs x 7days.
URDPFI.
4. 1 centre has intra laboratories
3. The health infrastructure at ward level is good
facility for the IPD as well as OPD
as the beneficiary not travel far for treatment.
for both women and child.
5. For Covid treatment nearby health
centre are PMCH & NMCH
❑ At present no government scheme is Facilities lacking at Healthcare:
run by any of the healthcare as the 1. At present all the centre
scheme is for both govt. & pvt. surrounded by different type of
health centre building like Residential, mixed
use, commercial buildings.
❑ Need to plan the emergency route in 2. The Parking facility is neither
case if emergency breaks out, so available inside nor outside of the
that we can provide the service as building premises.
fast as possible. 3. The healthcare is not surrounded
by the proper road width from all
❑ Need to improve Building by-laws as
side, which can be hazardous in
this type of health centre required
case of emergency breaks out.
more area to maintain & provide
other services to function.
Kartik Mahatma
2130017 24
 PROPOSAL FOR THE WARD
❑ Joint Venture Programme of Municipal Corporation (MC)
with NGOs to spread awareness regarding various issues.

• It will require a very less amount of funds need to release

from MC’s account as the required volunteers will be
arranged by NGOs with the help of Ward Councillor.
• The NGOs directly getting support from the Administration
which is help them to work more effectively.
• It also include the limited members of ward to making it
more transparent.
• As ward councillor is part of the team and it will be 1
connected to mayor & city commissioner directly.
• This also helps us to maintain ward health data which can
be helpful for various study and monitoring purpose.

Framework of the TEAM Give the

required
The responsibility of suggestion
MC to direct & Municipal and do the X X. Healthcare Name
formulate the required Commissioner rating for
framework and provide (President) the
1. Siddqui Nursing Home
administrative support. betterment.
2. Rubin Memorial Hospital
Expertise Panel 3. Samriddhi Nursing Home
(President) 2 4. Shyam Nursing Home
The responsibility of 5. Shanti Nursing Home
Mayor of the 6. Vrindaman Nursing Home
Mayor to appoint
NGO’s & Direct the
City
(Vice-President) Internal Road for Emergency
instruction from MC.

3 External Road for Emergency

4
Ward 5 Person from Entrance Gate
NGO’s
Councillor ward
Volunteers 5
(Ward Wise) (Social Activist) 6
Work with the NGO’s Framing the exercise Providing the ground
and provide the ground and need the support along with WC
support and keep eye necessary arrangement and NGO’s with their
on the expenditure. of funds required. work.
Kartik Mahatma
2130017 25
 AWARENESS CREATED BY TOPICS ON WHICH AWARENESS HAS TO BE GIVEN

The power of community learning and associations to speak up for

themselves.
Wall Painting Posters

Press Release Rally How to save the existing resources, protect

the environment, waste disposal methods etc.

Making people aware of the things happening around them,

the way thy have to react to certain issues etc. can help widely
in the improvement of the urban areas.
Once the people are interacting within themselves and involving
in decision making, the areas grow to provide
better quality of life.
Pamphlets Social Media
Govind Kr Singh
2130004 26
 EDUCATIONAL PROPOSAL IN WARD 37

Infrastructure- Before
Proposal
Education Component Of Delhi School Which Can be
Implemented For Education Facilities In Ward.
1. Infrastructure Development: Improving the fascility of scool
with functional as well as aesthetic
2. Expanding exposure to teacher and principal: Training of
teacher and principal to foreign and reputed institute.
3. Engagement Of School Management Committee: Funds were
alloted to SCM for interaction like parent teacher meeting e.t.c. Infrastructure- After
4. Major Curricular Reform: Overall skill development of student
ioving teaching, learning, sports, entrapeneurship.
5. Regulating School Fee: No fee hike in private and government
school can lead to more admission in school.

AREA OF SCHOOL HEIGHT OF TOTAL AREA OF NO.OF STUDENT SERVICES AVAIABLE

CAMPUS BUILDING SCHOOL
BUILDING
CURRENT 700SQM G+1 112SQM*2 = 325 PLAYGROUND,
SCENARIO 224SQM TOILET
PROPOSED 700SQM G+3 112SQM*4= 800 PLAYGROUND,
448SQM CANTEEN, R.O
WATER,TOILET
Vicky Kumar
2130010 27
 RECREATIONAL PROPOSAL IN WARD 37

Proposal Open Drain- Before

Recreation Component Of Chennai Pondy Bazzar Pedestrian Plaza

For Proposing Small Pocket Park Cum Plaza Facilities In Ward.
1. Ample of shaded seating.
2. Beautiful landscape.
3. Colourful play element for children.
4. Space Accesible for all .
Open Drain- After
5. Padestrian walkaway with shopping street.

Open Drain - Proposed Plan

TOTAL AREA OF DRAIN AREA FOR RECREATION ACTIVITY SERVICES PROVIDED

PROPOSED SMALL PARK 2575SQM 3*70*6=1260 PATHWAYS, SEATINGS,CHILDREN PLAYING
CUM PLAZA EQUIPMENT, GREEN COVER

Vicky Kumar
2130010 28
 HOUSING SHORTAGE

P O P U L AT I ON D E N S I T Y I N P E R S O NS P E R S Q UA R E K I LO M E T R E D EC A DA L G R OW T H R AT E I N P E R C E N TAGE
60000 25

50000 56887
20 22.8
49198
40000 18.5
41498 15
33773 15.6
30000
10
20000

5
10000

0 0
2011 2021 2031 2041 2011-2021 2021-2031 2031-2041

▪ Although the population of the ward will be increasing the decadal growth is decreasing with time.
▪ It is important to know the present living condition of the ward to accomodate the future population in the ward organically but in a planned manner.

CURRENT HOUSING STOCK PROJECTED HOUSING SHORTAGE

Year 2011 2021 2031 2041

Average household size of the ward (Patna
6 Population 14320 17595 20860 24120
Urban Agglomeration Household Size, 2011)

Housing Stock Required (considering 4.5

3182 3910 4635 5360
Average household size of the ward (Primary houshold size)
5.25
Survey)
Housing Need as compared to the
759 1487 2212 2937
existing stock
Average household (as per URDPFI Guidelines) 4.5
Remark 23.8% Shortage 38% Shortage 47.5% Shortage 54.7% Shortage
Existing Housing Stock 2711
Housing Stock Required (considering 6
2387 2933 3477 4020
houshold size)
Present dilapidated structure 264
Housing Need as compared to the
No need 510 1054 1597
Homeless Population 144 existing stock

SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 29
 HOUSING PROPOSAL

URDPFI GUIDELINES
For Low Income Housing, Dwelling Units per Ha, for Mixed
100-125
Housing

Minimum permissible Plot size for Group Housing 3000 sq.m

Maximum Ground Coverage permissible 25-35%

FAR Permissible 0.5-1.75

Maximum height of building ( for plot sizes upto 4000 sq. m and
15m & 26m
above 4000 sq. m resp.)
1
According to URDPFI Guidelines, 6620 sq. m.
No. of LIG housing @ 40 sq.m/DU =1480 DU’s
No. of MIG housing @ 80 sq.m/DU =208 DU’s
No. of EWS housing @ 30 sq.m/DU =140 DU’s (at Zone 4)

Ward 37 2

Total area available inside the Ward for Housing 30, 195 sq.m
5125 sq. m.
Housing shortage 2937 LEGEND

Total no of DU’s that can be provided in LIG Mixed Housing 1928 (66% of Housing shortage is
within ward 37 solved)

▪ The land will be acquired by Land Pooling. The land pooling policy means that 3
4t
government agencies consolidates parcels of land and design or develops it with 3200 sq. m.
infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals, community centres and sports fcilities 15,250 sq. m.
on part of the land and then returns a portion to the original owner who can later
sell it or execute housing project with the help of private builders.
▪ A supervising committee will be formed to overlook so that the implementation of
Bye Laws is taking place on the ground. With this we will be able to stop the illegal HOUSING AREA
PROPOSED
construction taking place.

ARPITA CHATTERJEE
2130002 30
 HOUSING PROPOSAL

SANITATION FRAMEWORK IN THE WARD CONCEPTUAL SECTION OF GROUP HOUSING

COMMISSIONER
(PMC)

ASSISTANT
COMMISSIONER
(PMC)

EXECUTIVE OFFICER
(NEW CAPITAL
CIRCLE)

SANITARY
INSPECTOR
(WARD 37)

SUPERVISOR
( 6 SECTORS)

WORKERS
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL BASEMENT SURFACE
(SWEEPERS, WASTE HOUSES SHOPS PARKING PARKING
COLLECTORS)

SANOBAR ASHRAF
2130018 31
 CONCEPTUAL PROPOSAL

PLOT AREA MAX. GR.COVERAGE FAR HEIGHT

1000-1500 40% 1.0 15M

LOCALITY TOTAL SCHEME TYPE

AREA

Salimpur ahra 1200 sqm ISSR-extra FSI or cluster

TDR housing

POPULATION AVG. HOUSEHOLD SIZE NO OF FLAT

274 4 70 FLATS
NEEDED FOR 1. Two skill canters to promote local business.
SLUMS

SLUMS THAT ARE LIVING IN VERY POOR CONDITION

7 SLUMS 7 SLUM 6 SLUMS

20 20 W E
SLUMS SLUMS

north-south axis to reduce the Solar radiation on the building

Streets accommodating social, economic and domestic
activities. 2. Providing parking area for two wheelers.

Entrance doors are opening on the side of

the road
Total area 1200 sq.m
Area of 1 BHK 23 sq.m

Total Built up area 450 sq.m

of block-01

Total built up area 900 sq.m

Total built up area 1610 sq.m 3. Use of local available material i.e. Exposed brickwork
and Mahdubani painting on the walls will show the
for 69 flats
originality of that place.

Sakshi Kumari
2130008 32
 CONCEPTUAL PROPOSAL

Symbiosis through Proximity b/w HIG & EWS Proposed design for a 35 sq.m and 25sq.m shelter with toilet
facility

A variety of affordable unit-size choices with shared or individual toilets-can be

provided Based on family size, income level and household savings.

Sakshi kumari,Swati Priya

2130008,2130016 33
 FORMAL MARKET ISSUES

AS PER PRIMARY SURVEY

• Storage problems : In Bakarganj (Gola Road) Area which is the Hub of
Issues of the Ward Electronics Shops and majority of shops were not having proper storage
solution .
• Books shops keep their books out in the Pavement.

• Parking problems: Most of the shops were having parking issues for
themselves and for the customers.

• Basic utilities: Proper waste management was not seen.

Need of Proper sanitation and cleanliness.

STORAGE PROBLEMS

HYGENIE AND CLEANLINESS

PARKING PROBLEMS
FORMAL MARKET

Rohan Kr Bharti
2130012 34
 FORMAL MARKET PROPOSAL

GOLA ROAD (BAKERGANJ AREA):

Proposal for • One way traffic movement for controlling the

traffic congestion in Bakarganj (Gola Road)
the Ward • Shop owners who are willing to move due to poor
infrastructure are being provided with a complex
with a multi level parking and formal shops.

DALDALI ROAD:
• Restriction of Motorized Vehicle entry in the street
as the width of the road is very less and it also
hamper the pedestrian movement.

Layout of Formal Shop proposed in

Exhibition road along with multi level car
parking:
Three types of shops are proposed:
• Type 1 anchor shop
• Type 2 retail outlet
• Type 3 Branded Outlet
• Total no. on one floor =20

BARI PATH (ROAD):

• Restriction of Motorized Vehicle entry in the street as the width
of the road is very less and it also hamper the pedestrian
movement.

Rohan Kr Bharti
2130012 35
 ACTIVITY ZONES ISSUES

ISSUES IN THE WARD

• No proper Defined Activity.

• Lack of space cause chaos and

uncontrollable amount of rush in
peak hours.

• Encroachment by street vendors. .

• Lack of free movement for

pedestrian and vehicular traffic. ENROACHMENT BY
STREET VENDORS

CONGESTION ON STREET DUE TO

LARGE DAILY COMMUTERS AND
LOW WIDTH OF ROADS
ENROACHMENT BY
STREET VENDORS IMPROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL
Rohan Kr Bharti
2130012 36
 ZONE 3 - PROPOSAL

Proposal for 1
the Ward
MORE
PEDESTRIA
N CENTRIC
STREETS

• We need proper defined Activity for all age group WIDE

• different cultural background, educational.
FOOTPATHS
• Removal of encroachment and widening of
footpath to make it a pedestrian friendly zones for BEFORE AFTER
daily visitors and customers from within and
outside the ward.

• Provision of vending zone for different Street

vendors with proper identification from the
government. • PROVISION OF PROPER LIGHTING
• REMOVAL OF ENROACHMENT
• Proper space definition for informal vendors. • PROPER SETUP OF WASTE BINS
• Lack of free movement for pedestrian and WITH PROPER POLICIES TO KEEP
vehicular traffic. AND MAINTAING CLEAN AND
HYGENIC STREETS.
DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES THAT
CAN TAKE PLACE TO MAKE
THE STREET OCCUPIED IN
WHY ARE WE CREATING PROPER DEFINED ACTIVITY ZONES?
ACTIVITIES
• TO ENGAGE PEOPLE
• TO BOOST ECONOMY
• TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT
• TO SEGRAGATE ACTIVITIES LOCATION WISE FOR DIFFERENT AGE GROUP AND UNIVERSALLY
ACCESSIBLE

Rohan Kr Bharti
37
2130012
 PROPOSAL - INFORMAL MARKET
EXISTING MAP VENDOR ISSUE PROPOSED MAP

1. No dedicated Vending Zone for vendor. ORANGE LINE

SHOW THE
2. Absence of public toilets, drinking Water and Waste STRETCH OF
PROPOSED NALA
collection.
3. Continues threat by police and Municipal Corporation
to leave precinct.
4. Total proposed area – 450 sq M
Existing - 135 vendors
(1.5 time of existing vendors) x 2.2 Sq M = 297 Sq M.
5. Total area is divided into 5 different zones with each
module having the size of 30 M x 3 M.

MOVING
30m
STATIONA
RY

3
1 MODULE
m
Toilet Recreation
Parking Informal Sector

VEGETABLE/FRUITS STREET FOOD OTHER CLOTHS BOOKSHOPS

Himanshu Kr Das
38
2130001
 PROPOSAL - INFORMAL MARKET (Cont..)

MODULE 1 LAYOUT
THELA AREA
STREET FOOD

PASSAGE

MODULE 2 LAYOUT TOKRI WALAS

PASSAGE

Himanshu Kr Das
39
2130001
 PROPOSAL - INFORMAL MARKET (Cont..)

Display space for different vending activities

SMALL SPACE REQUIRED WITH PLATFORM SELLING FRUITS ON MOVING CART

BALLOON MAN (WALKING VENDORS) SELLINF FLOWERS WITH TEMPORARY WEATHER
PROTECTION 9DISPLAY SPACE 1.8
X1.05 M)

NO STORAGE AND STRUCTURE FOR COTS AND BEDS USED TO DISPLAY

VENDIND ON GROUND(DISPLAY SPACE PLATFORM CREATED WITH GOODS BY OLD CLOTHES’
(1.8X1.2M) BOXES,HEIGHT IS MODIFIED AS PER VENDORS(DISPLAY SPACE 2 X 1 M
NEED

TEMPORARY STRUCTURE REQUIRED TEMPORARY STRUCTURE REQUIRED WITH

USING COMPOUND WALL AS TO
WITH PLATFORM FOR BREAD SELLER PLATFORM FOR BREADADESIGNED MOVING
DISPLAY CLOTHES
CART SELLER

Himanshu Kr Das
40
2130001
 PROPOSAL - INFORMAL MARKET (Cont..)

1.

2.

3.

1. STALL FOR FRUIT VEGETABLE CLOTH WITH STORAGE

2. STALL FOR FRUIT VEGETABLE CLOTH WITHOUT

3. FOOD STALL STORAGE
Govardhani R
2130015 41
 COST FOR THE PROJECT

Proposal 1 – Open drain project

Cleaning & Covering of open drain and providing parking space, recreational
space, vending zones and public utilities, etc.
Open drain area = 900 M x 6 M

Open drain area (Sq M) Rate (per Sq M) Project cost (Rs)

5400 27300 14.74 Cr

Proposal 2 – Multilevel Parking

In this project we are accommodating commercial area, multilevel parking, and
community hall etc.
Total area = 4640 Sq M
FAR = 2.5
Built up area = 11600

Built up area (Sq M) Rate (per Sq M) Project cost (Rs)

11600 21,500 24.94 Cr

Proposal 3 – Housing
Housing shortage proposal of ward with slum rehabilitation.
Total area = 30,000 Sq M
FAR = 1.75
Built up area = 52500

Built up area (Sq M) Rate (per Sq M) Project cost (Rs)

52500 16,000 84 Cr

Govind Kr Singh
2130004 42
 PROPOSAL FOR EMPLOYMENT

Ward Literacy Working & Non Skill Development

In Urban resilience The working Population
economy is based on these (Ward)
factors
23% 30%
• GDP growth rate
• Unemployment
• No of start-ups & 70%
business failures 77% Agarbati Embroidery Bakery Making
• Age & gender of Making
– Employed
– Working
Literates Illiterates Work Non Worker
population
ECONOMY From the pie charts, It is clear that though the ward
population are literates, Only 30% of them are working. LED Bulb Anganbadi workers Tuitions
The unemployment issue is being solved by various
Making
Non working ward other proposals in minor ways but for large employment
Population (15 – 59) numbers some ideas are proposed. When these issues
are solved, it will in turn support the economy of the
16% ward and also help people earn their own livelihood.

Micro-
Sustainable enterprise/Self-
Home Delivery Carpentry
84% Livelihood Managed SHGs
Skill Development – Agarbatti Making, Embroidery,
Bakery for women in the ward who are willing to start a
Seeking for Job career.
Non Worker Anganbadi – for EWS & LIG
Micro - Self
Working population - teaching major activity
Finance Employment
- tuitions.
14% Community Hall/Workshop spaces –The community
hall can be used as workshop spaces where NGO’s can
Govt. Policies assist the skill development
(Promoting Training & Skill Home Delivery –Home delivery can employ men and this
Livelihood) Development in turn helps the commercial sector to reach a little wider
86% set of customers.
Awareness – People can also be employed in the
Male Female awareness campaigning .
Govind Kr Singh
2130004 43
AIM TO ACHIEVE CIRCULAR ECONOMY?

The examples of wastages and improper usage in today’s scenario

One small change made in a

single ward can catalyse the
change in whole of the city if
carried out properly.
Circular economy is one aim
that can be achieved in a
smaller scale with all the above
proposals.
If the changes made are implemented – future scenario

Govardhani R
2130015 44