Politecnico di Milano

Meccanica del Volo 2° anno N.O.

AA 2007-2008

Docente:
BORRI

Velivolo:
Bombardier BD-700 Global Express
Melotti, Guffanti, Maroni Bombardier BD-700 Global Express

Table of contents
1. Aircraft characteristics ................................................................................................................. 3
2. Comparison with aircrafts in the same class ................................................................................ 8
3. Polar data...................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Thrust / power available data ..................................................................................................... 12
5. Level flight performances .......................................................................................................... 14
6. Climb performances ................................................................................................................... 17
7. Turning performances ................................................................................................................ 19
8. Flight envelope ........................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................ 22

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1. Aircraft characteristics
1.1

The Bombardier Global Express is the only business jet specifically engineered to provide precious
time savings in the most comfortable and productive cabin environment. With a full payload of
eight passengers and four crewmembers, it can travel 6,010 nautical miles (11.131 km) at a cruise
speed of Mach 0.85 (904 Km/h) and can fly at speed up to Mach 0.89 (950 km/h).
The Global Express is one of a new class of ultra long range corporate jets, and competes against
the Gulfstream V, Boeing 737 BBJ and Airbus A319CJ. Designed to fly long distances at high
speed, the Global Express' range is such that it can fly between any two points of the globe and
need only one refuelling stop, while it can fly non-stop between intercontinental destinations such
as Sydney/Los Angeles, New York/Tokyo and Taipei/Chicago.
Bombardier's Canadair division announced development of the Global Express in October 1991 at
the annual NBAA conference in the USA. Officially launched on December 20 1993, it flew for the
first time on October 13 1996, with Canadian certification awarded on July 31 1998 and US
certification following November that year. The first complete aircraft delivery was taken out to
AirFlite Inc. (Long Beach, California) on July 8 1999; only three years later, on December 18 2002,
Bombardier delivered its 100th Global Express, proving that this business long range jet is one of
the world’s favourites.
The Global Express shares the Canadair Regional Jet's fuselage cross section and is similar in
length, but despite the size similarities the two aircraft are very different due to the nature of their
roles. The Global Express features an advanced all new supercritical wing with a 35° sweep and
winglets, plus a new T-tail. The engines are BMW Rolls Royce BR-710s with FADEC. The
advanced flight deck features a six screen (8 x 7 in) display using Honeywell Primus 2000 XP as
core system.
The Global Express’ interior design has been thought exactly for managers that can’t give up
working while they’re flying, and need a constant communication with the world below: this
aircraft has a very spacious interior with a 14.73 meters long cabin, that can fit from eight to
nineteen passengers, with a ‘office’ arrangement, including a conference room (with Teledyne
Magnastar ‘Office in the Sky’ Data link), which is very comfortable due to the fact that all spaces of
the cabin are heated, air-conditioned and pressurised, with a cruise noise level of only 52 dB. It
usually accommodates also two lavatories and a wardrobe.
Three Bombardier divisions are involved with construction of the Global Express - Canadair is the
Global Express' design leader and also manufactures the nose; Shorts is responsible for the design
and manufacture of the engine nacelles, horizontal stabilisers and forward fuselage; and de
Havilland is responsible for the final assembly and builds the rear fuselage and vertical tail. In
addition, Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries build the wing and centre fuselage sections in
Nagoya.

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1.2

GEOMETRY

EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS

Wing Span over winglets 28.50 m (93 ft 6 in)

Wing Chord at root 6.41 m (21 ft 1 in)

Wing Chord at rip 1.34 m (4 ft 1 in)

Wing Aspect Ratio 8.6

Length Overall 30.30 m (63 ft 6 in)

Length Fuselage 26.31 m (86 ft 4 in)

Height Overall 7.57 m (24 ft 10 in)

Diameter of Fuselage 2.69 m (8 ft 10 in)

Tailplane Span 9.68 m (31 ft 9 in)

Wheel Track 4.17 m (13 ft 8 in)

Wheelbase 12.78 m (41 ft 11 in)

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS

Cabin Length between pressure bulkheads 14.73 m (48 ft 4 in)

Cabin Width at Floor 2.11 m (6 ft 11 in)

Cabin Max Width 2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)

Cabin Max Height 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in)

Cabin Floor Area 31.1 m2 (335 sq ft)

Volume (including Baggage Compartment) 60.6 m³ (2,140 cu ft)

AREAS

Wings, Basic 94.95 m2 (1,022.0 sq ft)

Vertical Tail Surfaces (total) 18.58 m² (200.0 sq ft)

Horizontal Tail Surfaces (total) 22.76 m² (245.0 sq ft)

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WEIGHTS AND LOADINGS

Operating weight empty 22,135 kg (48,800 lb)

Max Payload 3,265 kg (7,200 lb)

Max Fuel 19,663 kg (43,350 lb)

Max Ramp Weight 42,524 kg (93,750 lb)

Max T-O Weight 42,410 kg (93,500 lb)

Max Landing Weight 35,652 kg (78,600 lb)

Max Zero-Fuel Weight 25,401 kg (56,000 lb)

Max Wing Loading 446.7 kg/m² (91.49 lb/sq ft)

Max Power Loading 325 kg/Kn (3.18 lb/lb st)

POWERPLANT

Two rear-mounted BMW Rolls-Royce BR710A2-20 Turbofans

Thrust developed flat rated to ISA +20°C, with FADEC 65.3 kN (14,690 lb st) each
8,479 litres
Integral wing tanks capacity (each of two)
(2,240 US gallons; 1,865 Imp Gallons)
6,117 litres
Centre section tank capacity
(1,616 US gallons; 1,346 Imp gallons )
23,075 litres
Total standard capacity
(6,096 US gallons; 5,076 Imp gallons)
1,234 litres
Auxiliary tank in aft fuselage (optional)
(326 US gallons; 271 Imp gallons)

BASIC PERFORMANCE

Max level speed (Vмо) S/L to FL80 555 km/h

Max level speed (Vмо) FL80 to FL309 629 km/h

Max level speed (Vмо) Above FL309 M0,89

High cruising speed M0.88 (505 kt; 935 km/h; 581 mph)

Normal cruising speed M0.85 (488 kt; 904 km/h; 562 mph)

Long-range cruising speed at 13,715 m (45,000ft) M0.80 (459 kt; 850 km/h; 528 mph)

Max rate of climb at S/L 1,097 m/min (3,600 ft/min)

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Initial cruising altitude 12,500 m (41,000 ft)

Time to climb to initial cruising altitude 25 min

Max certified altitude 15,545 m (51,000 ft)

T-O run 1,094 m (3,590 ft)

T-O run to 11 m (35 ft) 1,692 m (5,550 ft)

Landing from 15 m (50 ft) at max landing weight 793 m (2,600 ft)
Range with max fuel and eight passengers:
6,700 n miles (12,408 km; 7,710 miles)
NBAA IFR reserves (At M0.80)
Range with max fuel and eight passengers:
6,500 n miles (12,038 km; 7,480 miles)
NBAA IFR reserves (At M0.85)
Range with max payload At M0.80 5,485 n miles (10,158 km; 6,312 miles)

Range with max payload At M0.85 5,325 n miles (9,816 km; 6,127 miles)

Note : FL (Flight Level) is a vertical distance between the aircraft and a isobaric surface at 101325 Pa. If the altimeter is set at this
particular reference plain, an aircraft flying at, for instance, 6.000 ft, will find itself at FL60; to find FL it's sufficient to divide it's
altitude by 100.

1.3

Value of the wing loading used in the calculation of performances:

Operating Empty Weight (OEW) 22135 kg

Max Fuel Weight (MFW) 19663 kg
Max Playload Weight (MPW) 3265 kg

Wing Area 94.95 m2

Weight = OEW + (50%)*(MFW) + (80%)*(MPW) = 34578.5 kg

(This will be the weight used in all the following calculations)

Wing Loading = Weight / Wing Area = 364.18 kg/m2 = 3572.57 N/m2

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1.4

A three-view drawing of the Bombardier BD-700 Global Express

1.5

Schematic of a typical mission flight profile:

1. The aircraft take-off from the airport of departure

2. The aircraft climbs up to the assigned airway;
3. The aircraft keeps the altitude reached and moves with the cruise speed toward the
destination;
4. The aircraft reaches the destination and enters the circuit of wait
5. The aircraft begins the descent and lands to the airport of arrival

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2. Comparison with aircrafts in the same class

2.1

M.T.O.W. Thrust Wing Area Wing loading

T/W
[Kg] [Kg] [m²] [Kg / m²]
Bombardier BD-700
43091 13374.10 0.3103 94.95 365.62
Global Express
Gulfstream Aerospace
41277 13945.00 0.3378 105.63 317.38
Gulfstream G550
Gulfstream Aerospace
33520 12558.60 0.3746 88.29 321.35
Gulfstream G450
Challenger 800 24040 7918.45 0.3293 48.35 445.93
Embraer Legacy 600
Executive
22500 7563.71 0.3362 51.20 383.90

Bombardier Global 5000 39780 13374.10 0.3362 94.95 348.57

Dassault Falcon 2000EX 18733 5198.78 0.2775 49.02 339.86

Dassault Falcon 7X 31297 8715.60 0.2785 70.70 356.88

Bombardier Global
44452 13374.10 0.3009 94.95 375.23
Express XRS
Learjet 60 10660 4171.00 0.3913 24.60 433.00

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3. Polar data
3.1

Table with the values of CL , CD and CL/CD extracted from the graph of the real polar curve.

CL CD E = CL / CD
-0.916 0.0533 -17.185
-0.692 0.0412 -16.803
-0.555 0.0340 -16.323
-0.390 0.0274 -14.249
-0.194 0.0240 -8.083
0.000 0.0226 0.000
0.056 0.0224 2.488
0.139 0.0227 6.141
0.222 0.0240 9.250
0.362 0.0274 13.223
0.500 0.0306 16.339
0.638 0.0360 17.722
0.833 0.0460 18.108
1.000 0.0580 17.241
1.164 0.0719 16.194
1.258 0.0820 15.341
1.233 0.0854 14.439
1.112 0.0914 12.168
0.833 0.0993 8.388

3.2

Value of max CL.

Max CL = 1.258

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3.3

Graph of the polar points and their spline interpolation.

3.4

Estimation of max(CL / CD), max(CL 3/2/ CD), max(CL 1/2/ CD).

E = max(CL/CD) = 18.180
F = max(CL3/2/CD) = 17.476
G = max(CL1/2/CD) = 23.104

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3.5

Graph of the polar points and their theoretical best fit as CD = CD0 + K CL 2

3.6

Values of CD0 and K corresponding to the above.

CD0 = 0.0221
K = 0.0370

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4. Thrust / power available data

4.1

Table with the values of airspeed, altitude, thrust and power available extracted from the real engine
data.

Altitude Thrust Available

[m] [N]
0 137694 137693 136923 135384 134613 133848 133078 133078 133847 134614 134615 134614 134615

1524 119232 119231 118461 116921 116156 115386 115385 115385 115386 115386 113845 112308 111539

3048 110769 109230 107690 106156 104616 103077 100000 98461 96922 96923 94614 93844 93079

4572 97691 96153 93848 90770 87693 85768 83075 81539 80000 79232 76921 76155 75385

6096 88459 85383 80770 76923 73946 71536 70000 67692 66155 65384 63846 62310 62308

9144 61540 58463 55385 52307 50768 49233 47691 46153 44615 43079 41537 40000 39998

12192 31539 31539 30768 29229 27690 26922 26156 26155 26923 26922 27692 27692 27692

15240 22308 20769 19229 17694 16925 16152 15385 13845 13078 12307 12308 13077 13078

18288 10771 10768 10771 10000 9232 9233 9231 8461 7692 7309 7692 7693 7692

59,00 75,00 100,00 125,00 150,00 175,00 200,00 225,00 250,00 275,00 300,00 325,00 336,00

TAS [m / sec]

Altitude Power Available

[m] [W]
0 8123946 10326975 13692300 16923000 20191950 23423400 26615600 29942550 33461750 37018850 40384500 43749550 45230640

1524 7034688 8942325 11846100 14615125 17423400 20192550 23077000 25961625 28846500 31731150 34153500 36500100 37477104

3048 6535371 8192250 10769000 13269500 15692400 18038475 20000000 22153725 24230500 26653825 28384200 30499300 31274544

4572 5763769 7211475 9384800 11346250 13153950 15009400 16615000 18346275 20000000 21788800 23076300 24750375 25329360

6096 5219081 6403725 8077000 9615375 11091900 12518800 14000000 15230700 16538750 17980600 19153800 20250750 20935488

9144 3630860 4384725 5538500 6538375 7615200 8615775 9538200 10384425 11153750 11846725 12461100 13000000 13439328

12192 1860801 2365425 3076800 3653625 4153500 4711350 5231200 5884875 6730750 7403550 8307600 8999900 9304512

15240 1316172 1557675 1922900 2211750 2538750 2826600 3077000 3115125 3269500 3384425 3692400 4250025 4394208

18288 635489 807600 1077100 1250000 1384800 1615775 1846200 1903725 1923000 2009975 2307600 2500225 2584512

59,00 75,00 100,00 125,00 150,00 175,00 200,00 225,00 250,00 275,00 300,00 325,00 336,00

TAS [m / sec]

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4.2

Graph of the thrust vs. airspeed points and their 2-D spline interpolation.

4.3

Graph of the power available vs. airspeed points and their 2-D spline interpolation.

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5. Level flight performances

5.1

Thrust and power performance diagrams (Pénaud diagrams) at h = 0 m.

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5.2

Thrust and power performance diagrams (Pénaud diagrams) at the service ceiling.

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5.3

Thrust performance diagrams (Pénaud diagrams) at 10500 m and power performance diagrams
(Pénaud diagrams) at 2000 m.

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6. Climb performances
6.1

Minimum time-to-climb diagram from h = 0 m obtained by the steady-climb approximation and by

the exact unsteady climb.

6.2

Theoretical Ceiling: 14004 m

( Time to TC = ∞ )

Service Ceiling: 13755 m

( Time to SC with quasi-steady approx ≈ 27 min
Time to SC with unsteady approx ≈ 29 min )

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6.3

Diagram of angle of climb at 6500 m and diagram of rate of climb at 4000 m

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7. Turning performances
7.1

Diagram of time to turn at 1000 m and diagram of load factor at 4500 m

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Melotti, Guffanti, Maroni Bombardier BD-700 Global Express

8. Flight envelope
8.1

Altitude-TAS flight envelope diagram complete with steepest and fastest climb airspeeds.

The circle marker indicates the value of altitude in which the smallest airspeed (minV) is not more
equal to the stalling speed.

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8.2

Altitude-EAS flight envelope diagram complete with steepest and fastest climb airspeeds.

The circle marker indicates the value of altitude in which the smallest airspeed (minV) is not more
equal to the stalling speed.

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Appendix A
3.4

7.1

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