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Math SLP 4
Math SLP 4
A. Subject: Mathematics 5
D. Co-requisites: None
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II. COURSE/ SUBJECT OUTLINE
Unit III
Lesson 1: DIVISION OF DECIMALS
Unit IV
Lesson 1: RATIO
Lesson 2: PROPORTION
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UNIT
Lesson 1:
III DIVISION OF DECIMALS
Introduction:
Fractions and decimals are often difficult for students. One reason may be because
instruction tends to rush to the operations without taking the time to build strong conceptual
understanding. Another reason might be because fractions and decimals are often taught as
separate, isolated skills rather than as connected concepts. While fractions can represent any
partitioning, decimals are another notation for fractions and represent partitions of tenths and
powers of tenths (hundredths, etc.). In addition to linking the ideas of decimals and fractions,
decimal concepts should also build on whole number place value.
A decimal is another way to write a fraction. You can think of a decimal as a part of a whole
number. It is less than 1 whole thing, but more than 0. You may not realize it, but you see
decimals a lot in real life. One of the most common examples is money. We have a quarter, a
dime, and two pennies. You could write each of these as a decimal. That's because each coin is
worth less than a whole dollar.
In this unit, you will learn how to divide decimals and apply the rules in solving word
problems involving multiplication of decimals
Learning Competencies:
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Lesson Summary
The number line shows that there are four 0.2s in 0.8. So, 0.8 ÷ 0.2 = 4.
Answer: There were 4 pieces of bamboo.
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DIVIDING DECIMALS WITH UP TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES
Examples:
Miss Reyes has 0.64 dm of ribbon. She need 0.04 dm to prepare one certificate. How many
certificates can she prepare with the ribbon that she has? The number of certificates she can prepare is
0.64 ÷ 0.04. But, how do we divide decimal by a decimal?
Since we already know how to divide a whole number, we can make the divisor and the dividend
a whole number by multiplying it by a power of 10. As we have learned, the shortcut for this is to move
the decimal point as many places to the right as there are zeroes in the power of 10. We show this by
means of an arrow.
Multiply both the divisor and the dividend by 100 or power of 10. Using shortcut, shows by
means of an arrows.
Divide as in dividing whole numbers.
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ESTIMATING THE QUOTIENTS OF DECIMAL NUMBERS WITH REASONABLE RESULTS
Example. Mario has a ₱200– peso bill. He wants to buy a pencil which costs ₱4.75 each. About how
may pencils can he buy?
What is asked in the problem? The estimated number of pencils Mario can buy.
What are given? ₱200 and ₱4.75
How are you going to solve it? Estimate and divide.
To find an estimate, we round the divisor.
₱200 ÷ ₱4.75 = n
200 ÷ 5 = 40
So, ₱200 can buy at least 40 pencils.
To estimate a quotient, we can round the divisor and/or the dividend to a whole Number or to a
multiple of 10. We may also round one of them and use compatible numbers. Compatible
numbers that can be computed easily.
In the above example, we estimate the quotient by rounding off the divisor. In the next example,
you are going to learn how to estimate the quotient using other ways.
1. Estimate the quotient by rounding off the dividend.
144.3 ÷ 6 = n → 144 ÷ 6 = 24
2. Estimate the quotient by rounding off the dividend and the divisor.
482 ÷ 3.2 = n → 480 ÷ 3 = 160
3. Estimate the quotient by using compatible numbers.
19.12 ÷ 1.9 = n → 20 ÷ 2 = 10
Solving Routine and Non-Routine Problems Involving Division Without or With Any of
the Other Operations of Decimals and Whole Numbers Including Money
To solve the problems you can use the follow step process:
1. Understand the Problem.
What is the problem about? Retell the problem in your own words.
2. Make a Plan.
What strategies might you be able to use? Look for key terms to decide which method of problem
solving to use.
What will the answer be about? Predict what the answer will be. Make an estimation if that will help.
3. Carry out the plan.
How can you solve the problem? Show your solution. Make sure to label the answer.
4. Look Back.
How can you tell if your answer is reasonable? Compare your answer to your estimate. Check your
answer by redoing your work.
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Examples:
While watching television, Mat recorded that the 5 commercials in the program he was watching
took 6.15 minutes to be aired. What was the average length of each commercial?
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Application:
Problems can be solved quickly and taska are made easier if we understand what
we’re doing. More than just following the steps or instructions, if we understand why and
how things are done, we can even do our work faster and in a more creative way.
How can you apply this in doing your chores at home?
References:
1. Nivera, Gladys C., Math for All 4, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco Press Inc. 2014
2. Santiago, Jose Paulo V.; Exploring Math Possibilities, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco Press Inc.
2015
3. https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/decimals_part2/divide_decimals
4. https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/decimals_part2/solve_more_problems
5. https://www.helpingwithmath.com/by_subject/decimals/dec_dividing.htm
Supplementary Resources:
1. Power Football Funbrain
http://www.funbrain.com/football
2. The Flash Jeopardy review Game is 100% free and customizable flash based review
game designed with teachers in mind.
http://www.superteachertools.com/jeopardy/usergames/Apr201016/game12718424
01.php
Assessment
Activity 1.
1. 7.26 ÷ 0.22 = n
2. 17.92 ÷ 0.64 = n
3. 7.65 ÷ 0.85 = n
4. 36.20 ÷ 0.05 = n
5. 31.85 ÷ 0.91 = n
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ACTIVITY 2.
A. Read, analyze and solve the following problems.
1. A nutritionist poured 0.70 liter of honey into 0.14 liter plastic cups filled.
2. A rectangular rice field is 0.04 kilometer wide and has an area of 0.80 square kilometer.
Find the length of the field.
3. A city government plans to put streetlights along its 8.40 km main road. The
streetlights are to be placed 0.20 km apart. How many streetlights will the city
government needs?
4. Anna and Elsa went to Pacific Mall to buy plates seen by their mother yesterday which
cost Php 54.75 each. Mother gave them Php 766.50. How many plates they can buy
from it?
5. Merwin is planning to buy a new CD player worth Php4,595.25. He tries to save
Php306.35 a week from his allowance. How many weeks will it take to save the amount
enough to buy the CD player?
6. What is the quotient if 36 is divided by 48?
7. Aling Letty has 35 m of wire for hanging pictures. She wants to divide it into 50 pieces
for the frames. How long did she used for each frame?
8. Mang Roman left 12 doughnuts for his 5 children for their snacks. How many
doughnuts did each child get?
9. Mang Andong is a hardworking man who owned 6 hectares of land in Kalikid Norte. In
his last will and testament, he divided the lot equally among his 8 children. How many
hectares each of his children received?
10. Shirwin and Angelo went to the NE Supermarket to buy 14 kilos of pork. When they
came home, they divided the meat into 16 parts and put it in plastic bags for future
use. How many kilos of pork does each bag contain?
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ACTIVITY 3.
B. Solve for n. You can use a calculator to check if your answers are correct.
1. 4 ÷ 80 = n 6. 25 ÷ 50 = n
2. 7 ÷ 14 = n 7. 34 ÷ 45 = n
3. 11 ÷ 19 = n 8. 52 ÷ 95 = n
4. 31 ÷ 83 = n 9. 75 ÷ 85 = n
5. 42 ÷ 52 = n 10. 65 ÷ 75 = n
1. Cite experiences where you encountered dividing decimals. Share your realizations
about it.
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UNIT
Lesson 1:
IV RATIO
Introduction:
Ratios are a helpful tool for comparing things to each other in mathematics and real
life, so it is important to know what they mean and how to use them. These descriptions and
examples will not only help you to understand ratios and how they function but will also make
calculating them manageable no matter what the application.
In mathematics, a ratio is a comparison of two or more numbers that indicates their
sizes in relation to each other. A ratio compares two quantities by division, with the dividend or
number being divided termed the antecedent and the divisor or number that is dividing termed
the consequent. A ratio might be formatted as a Part to Part or Part to Whole comparison. A
Part to Part comparison looks at two individual quantities within a ratio of greater than two
numbers, such as the number of dogs to the number of cats in a poll of pet type in an animal
clinic. A Part to Whole comparison measures the number of one quantity against the total, such
as the number of dogs to the total number of pets in the clinic. Ratios like these are much more
common than you might think.
In this unit, you will learn ratio and how to solve it.
Learning Competencies:
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Lesson Summary
RATIO
It is a comparison of two or more quantities in a given order. The ratio of two quantities can be
expressed in word form, colon form, and fraction form.
Examples:
Word Form Colon Form Fraction Form
𝟑
1. 3 to 5 3:5
𝟓
𝟓
2. 5 to 3 5:3
𝟑
𝟔
3. 6 to 7 6:7
𝟕
𝟕
4. 7 to 6 7:6
𝟔
Doris cuts 2 squares for every 3 circles to make a design. The ratio 2 to 3 compares the number
of squares to the number of circles Doris cuts. There are 2 squares for every 3 circles.
The number of squares is compared to the number of circles.
2:3
3:2
The number of squares is compared to the number of squares and circles together. This is a
part to whole comparison.
2:5
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Identifying and Writing Equivalent Ratios
Example:
To earn money during weekends, Lita sells pineapple juice at Plaza Lucero. For every two cans
of juice, she adds five litres of water. How many litres of water will she need for six cans of juice so that
the taste will be the same?
Find: 2 cans of juice ͇ 6 cans of juice
5 liters of water n liters of water
2 6
=
5 𝑛
2 6
=
5 15
N= 15
Answer: Lita needs 15 litres of water.
2 : 5 and 6 : 15 are equal ratios.
In equal ratios, the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes. Using the equal
ratios above, we can see that the product of the means, 2 x 15 = 30, is equal to the product of the
extremes, 5 x 6 = 30.
Remember
To identify equal ratios, either multiply or divide each term in the ratio by the same number (but
not zero).
What is the relation between the two ratios? 6 : 8 and 3 : 4
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EXPRESSING RATIOS IN THEIR SIMPLEST FORMS
Example.
Sharon is a chess player. She played 32 games wherein she won 20 games and lost 12 games.
How can we compare the games she won to the game she lost?
We can write the ratios in the above problem as:
Remember
To express ratio in simplest form divide the numerator and denominator by a common factor
until the two numbers have the number 1 as the only common factor.
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Finding the Missing Term in a Pair of Equivalent Ratios
Example:
Sarah spends 45 minutes to study and do her homework in each academic subject. How much time does
Sarah spend to study the 5 academic subjects?
Example 2:
Marie can make 3 small mango pies for every 5 mangoes. How many pies can she make with 25
mangoes? The ratio in the problem is 3 : 5. This means that for every 3 pies, Marie needs 5 mangoes.
We use equivalent ratios to find how many pies Marie can make with 25 mangoes.
To find the missing term in a pair of equivalent ratios, solve for equivalent fractions.
REMEMBER
To solve the missing term in a proportion, multiply the extremes and divide by the given mean
or multiply the means and divide by the given extreme.
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Application:
Ratios occur frequently in daily life and help to simplify many of our interactions
by putting numbers into perspective. Ratios allow us to measure and express quantities
by making them easier to understand.
Examples of ratios in life:
The car was traveling 60 miles per hour, or 60 miles in 1 hour.
You have a 1 in 28,000,000 chance of winning the lottery. Out of every possible
scenario, only 1 out of 28,000,000 of them has you winning the lottery.
There were enough cookies for every student to have two, or 2 cookies per 78
students.
The children outnumbered the adults 3:1, or there were three times as many
children as there were adults.
References:
1. Nivera, Gladys C.,Math for All 4, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco Press Inc. 2014
2. Santiago, Jose Paulo V.; Exporing Math Possibilities, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco Press Inc.
2015
3. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-ratio-definition-examples-2312529
Supplementary Resources:
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Assessment
ACTIVITY 4.
A. Use the set of pictures. Give the ratio of each. Write your answer on the space provided
before each number.
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ACTIVITY 5.
A. Give the ratio of the following.
1. What is the ratio of the number of vowels to the number of consonants in the English
Alphabet?
2. What is the ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls in your family
member?
3. What is the ratio of the number of days to a week?
4. What is the ratio of a minute to seconds?
5. What is the ratio of the number of years to a decade?
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ACTIVITY 6.
A. Put a check ( √ ) if the ratios are equal and a cross ( X ) if they are not.
C. Fill in each box with the correct number that will make equivalent ratios.
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Self- Assessment Question:
1. Why is the order of the terms in a ratio important?
2. Give more examples of ratio that you can see around you.
3. Why can you divide or multiply both terms of a given ration?
4. Give you own example of equivalent ratio in fraction form and explain how you
understand it in your own words.
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UNIT
Lesson 2:
IV PROPORTION
Introduction:
A ratio is one thing or value compared with or related to another thing or value; it is just
a statement or an expression, and can only perhaps be simplified or reduced. On the other
hand, a proportion is two ratios which have been set equal to each other; a proportion is an
equation that can be solved. When I say that a proportion is two ratios that are equal to each
5 1
other, I mean this in the sense of two fractions being equal to each other. For instance, 10 = 2.
Solving a proportion means that we have been given an equation containing two
fractions which have been set equal to each other, and we are missing one part of one of the
fractions; we then need to solve for that one missing value.
In this unit, you will learn how to solve proportion, and how ratio and proportion related
with one another.
Learning Competencies:
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Lesson Summary
PROPORTION
It is formed by two equivalent ratios.
The product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes.
In finding the missing term in a given proportion, apply cross product or multiply the means and
extremes then divide the product by the remaining quantity in the proportion.
If one term increases and the other term also increases at the same rate, then the two ratios
form a direct proportion.
Example:
Aling Otya uses 6 kilos of pork to make 24 dozens of longganisa. What is the ratio of the number
of longganisa to the number of pork used?
The ratio of longganisa to pork is 24 to 6 or 24:6.
We can form another ratio from 24:6 by reducing this to lowest terms.
24:6=4:1
How did we do this?
24 ÷ 6 4
=
6÷6 1
How do we check if the second ratio is proportional to the given ratio?
There are two parts in a proportion – the means and the extremes:
Remember
Means refer to the inner terms in a proportion.
Extremes refer to the outer terms in a proportion.
The two ratios are proportional if the product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means.
Thus, proportion means that two ratios are equal. To find proportion, we can use cross multiplication.
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RECOGNIZING WHEN TWO QUANTITIES ARE IN DIRECT PROPORTION
Example:
Arthur and Cathy sell newspapers on weekend to earn extra money. For every 3 newspapers
that Arthur sells, Cathy sells 5. If Arthur sold 15 newspapers, how many does Cathy sell?
Solution 1:
Illustrate the problem.
Through illustration, it is clear that for every 15 newspapers that Arthur sold,
Cathy was able to sell 25 newspapers.
Solution 2:
Set up a proportion.
Remember:
A proportion said to be direct if:
a. As one term increases, the other term increases at the same rate; or
b. As one term decreases, the other term decreases as the same rate.
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Application:
One application of proportion is to know whether two things are equivalent with
one another. For instance, if you will compare the monthly water bill of your family to the
previous bills that you have based on your family consumption, you may find out if the
value increases or decreases. Also, you will notice if there is changes and proportion will
occur.
References:
1. Nivera, Gladys C.,Math for All 4, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco Press Inc. 2014
2. Santiago, Jose Paulo V.; Exporing Math Possibilities, Salesiana Books of Don Bosco
Press Inc. 2015
3. https://www.purplemath.com/modules/ratio2.htm
4. http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT_RESO
URCE/U04_L2_T1_text_final.html
Supplementary Resources:
1. Dirt Bike Proportions is a multiplayer racing game that allows students from anywhere in
the world to race one another while completing equivalent proportions!
http://www.arcademics.com/games/dirt-bike-proportions/dirt-bike-proportions.html
2. Matching Game
http://nrich.maths.org/4824
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Assessment
ACTIVITY 7.
A. Check if each pair of ratios make a proportion by using cross-product.
B. Which two ratios form a proportion ? Check ( √ ) the blank before the number of the two
ratios that form a proportion and cross out ( X ) those that are not.
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ACTIVITY 8.
1. Letecia Uy Foundation donated ₱5.00 to the Philippine Breast Cancer Society for every
Cupcake sold in June. A total of 10, 520 cupcakes was sold. How much did Letecia Uy
Foundation donate to the society?
2. If a car travels at a constant speed covering 308 km in 4 hours, how far will it travel in 7
hours at the same constant speed?
3. Three boxes No. 10 staple wires contain 3,000 staple wires. How many boxes are needed
for 15,000 staple wires need?
4. If a water pump empties a 480 gallon tank in 10 minutes, how long will it take the pump
to empty a 720-gallon tank?
5. Suzette has played 20 games of scrabble with her friends. She has won 12 games. At this
rate, how many times can Suzette expect to win if she plays 30 games?
6. Three boiled bananas at the canteen of Lazaro Francisco Elementary School sell for
P21.00. How much do 12 pieces cost?
7. A motorist from Vijandre District travelled 480 km in 6 hours. At the same rate, how long
will it take to travel 800 km?
8. During the Brigada Eskwela 2016 two volunteers from the NGO can paint 5 desks in 1
day. How many desks can 10 volunteers paint?
9. Catherine saves P120.00 in 4 weeks. At this rate, how long will it take her to save
P900.00?
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ACTIVITY 9
A. Draw a check (/) if the proportion shows direct proportion and a cross (x) if it doesn’t.
1. 30:18 = 36:15 6. 6: 3 = 18 :9
2. 9:2 = 3:1 7. 4: 5 = 12:20
3. 5:3 = 25:15 8. 9:2 = 18 :4
4. 4:15 = 12:45 9. 2:4 = 8: 16
5. 5:4 = 2:8 10. 5: 6 =10 :15
B. Draw a happy face if it shows direct proportion and a sad face if not.
_____1. Three pieces of bond paper cost P3.00 while 36 pieces of pad paper cost P21.00.
_____2. Four colored pencils cost P25.00 while 5 colored pencils P20.00.
_____ 3. Two boiled bananas cost P7.00 while 6 boiled bananas costP21.00.
_____ 4.Three teachers for every 125 pupils:5 teachers for every 100 pupils
_____ 5. A motorist travels 275 km in 5 hours and continue traveling at 140 km for 2 hours.
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