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2.1 PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Name: Noeme B. Baylon Date Performed:

Section: L Remarks:

You can choose the magnification of your drawing/illustration. Use references to label your illustrations
properly.

A. PROKARYOTIC CELL (e.g., bacterial cells)

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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B. EUKARYOTIC CELL (e.g., protists)

Amoeba

GUIDE QUESTION:

1. Differentiate between a Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell?

The main difference between the two is that eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus that contains
the cell's genetic material, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and instead have free-floating
genetic material.
2.2 CELL STRUCTURES OF PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

Draw/illustrate the specimen (2-5 representative cells) that you observed for both animal and plant cells.
You can choose the magnification of your drawing/illustration. Label your illustrations properly.

A. & B. Representative Animal & Plant Cells

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Specimen: cheek cell Specimen: Potato Tuber

1. Differentiate between an Animal Cell and a Plant Cell?

Plant cells lack centrosomes and lysosomes, whereas animal cells do. Animal cells lack a cell
wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, as well as a large central vacuole, whereas plant
cells do.

Complete the table below. You can use biology reference books for the functions of the various
organelles.

Table 1
Summary of the Functions of Cellular Organelles

Cellular Organelle Function

Cell Membrane - The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane,
is found in all cells, and separates the interior of the
cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane
consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable.
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Mitochondria

- Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles

(mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the
chemical energy needed to power the cell's
biochemical reactions

Golgi Complex

- is a factory in which proteins received from the ER are

further processed and sorted for transport to their
eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma
membrane, or secretion.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or

(Smooth & Rough) rough, and in general its function is to produce
proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough
endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are
small, round organelles whose function it is to make
those proteins.

Cellular Organelle Function

Chloroplast
- Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light
energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the
photosynthetic process.

Nucleus - The primary functions of the nucleus are to store the

cell's DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its
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transcription and replication.

Other Parts of the Cell Function

- The nucleolus is the distinct structure present in the
Nucleolus nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Primarily, it participates in
assembling the ribosomes, alteration of transfer RNA,
and sensing cellular stress. The nucleolus is composed
of RNA and proteins, which form around specific
chromosomal regions.
- The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane,
Cell Membrane is found in all cells and separates the interior of the
cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane
consists of a lipid bilayer that is semi-permeable. The
cell membrane regulates the transport of materials
entering and exiting the cell.
- Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the
Lysosome cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from
outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of
the cell itself.
- A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In
Vacuoles animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help
sequester waste products.
- A ribosome is a complex macromolecular structure in
Ribosomes the cell which is involved in the process of translation.

- The main function of a chromosome is the carry

Chromosomes genetic information to be passed on from one
generation to another.

2.3 OBSERVING CELLS: Examples of Cells

Draw/illustrate 2-5 representative cells that you observed for the different specializations in cells. You
can choose the magnification of your drawing/illustration. Label your illustrations properly.
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Specimen: Specimen:

Specimen: Specimen:

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Cellular organelles work together to maintain cellular homeostasis and overall function. What do you
think would happen if one of the organelles would be removed?
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The function of cells will be affected but in case mitochondria or nucleus-like important
organelles are absent; cells will not be able to survive.

2.4 LEARNINGS & INSIGHTS: What I have learned so far…

Some of the important things I have learned about cells…

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions
of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients
into energy, and carry out specialized functions.

This is what I really know and understand about cells…

Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but
a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning its DNA
is surrounded by a membrane), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for
compartmentalization of functions.

2.5 PHOTOCOLLAGE: Cell Project (Group Activity)

Attach your group’s photocollage to document the activity.