GRAPHICS 1: MODULE 1.1-1.

2
Upon completing this week’s lesson, student will be
able to:

1. Identify the different materials and tools used in

architectural graphics.
2. Determine the functions and uses of these drawing
materials and tools.
3. Recognize and apply the importance of proper
handling and caring for these materials and tools.
Remember this:

Great drawings are born from creative ideas. High quality tools —
both digital and analog — are undeniably essential in bringing a
great idea to life. These tools are vital in communicating
architectural visions to our clients, professors or a wider
audience.
Drawing Paper

Various types of drawing papers are

available for use, but hard and soft
surface drawing papers are highly
recommended to be the best. This type
does not groove easily when pressure is
applied to the pencil. Oslo paper and
Vellum board are commonly used but
bond paper is also recommended.
 TRANSLUCENT VELLUM VELLUM

TRACING PAPER

BOND PAPER
DRAWING GUIDES
Drafting Table and Stand

It is a special table with a slanted

surface that can be adjusted
based on the desired angle. It is
higher than an ordinary writing
table because some drawings,
like mechanical drawing, are
usually done while the draftsman
is standing.
 Masking Tape

This is used for fastening the drawing paper

on the drawing table or drawing board
because it does not damage the board and it
will not damage the paper if it is removed by
pulling it off.

Erasing Shield

This tool is made up of metal with irregular

holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of
the drawing when clearing up smudges,
unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures.
T-Square

It is a drawing instrument used when making horizontal lines. It is also used for
guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines. It is made of wood, plastic or the
combination of both. There are three (3) types of T-square, namely:

2. Movable Head or
Adjustable Head - It has one
fixed and one adjustable
head and used only for
1. Fixed Head - The head occasional drawing.
is fastened to the blade. It
is used for ordinary work.
3. Detachable Head or
Removable Head - It is
designed for comfort when
carrying the T-square.
 Triangles

It is a three-sided ruler, which typically

has two equal sides meeting at a 90
degree angle and to a third side at 45,
30, including 60 degree angles. It is
usually made of plastic and comes in
30° X 60 ° 45° X 45° different sizes. If in use, the base of
the triangle must rest on the blade of
• NEVER USE YOUR the T-square.
STRAIGHT EDGES AS Drawing a line always starts from the
CUTTING GUIDES!!!!!!
point near the base going upward.
• USE YOUR SPARE OR Commonly used triangles are:
METAL ONES. a. 30° X 60 °
b. 45° X 45°
Triangular Scales

This is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged

or reduced form to some regular proportion. The architect’s scale is the
most commonly used for general drawing. Its main function is to
reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, and
enlarged size.

FAN SCALE
 DRAFTING TEMPLATES

Drafting templates are stencils that allows you to draw

specific symbols and shapes that you use repeatedly in a
design. They're made out of a flat piece of plastic that have
these shapes cut into them, and they act as guides on how
they can be drawn on plans.
French curves are plastic (or
wooden) templates having an edge
composed of several different
curves. French curves are used
in drafting to draw smooth curves
of almost any desired curvature in
mechanical drawings.
Compass

This drawing instrument is used when drawing arcs

and circles. It is used in a similar way to a divider.
It is composed of one with the pen leg and the
needle point leg being held together with a handle.
This drawing instrument can be used for both
penciling and inking.

Divider

This is a drawing instrument used when transferring

measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the desired number
of equal parts. It can easily transfer accurate measurements by
adjusting the divider points. Constant correct practice is
necessary before doing an actual work for a quick and easy
control when use.
 Protractor

It is a semi-circular instrument divided into

180 equal parts, each of which is called a degree. It is used to
determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles
and circles. High quality protractor is usually made of plastic.

Drawing/Panel Board (also drawing table, drafting

table or architect's table)

It is a kind of a multipurpose desk which can be

used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu
sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading
a large format book or other oversized document
or for drafting precise technical illustrations such
as engineering or architectural drawings.
 • MAINTAIN A CLEAN ERASER TO
AVOID SMUDGES WHILE YOU
ERASE
RUBBER AND VINYL
ERASERS • KNEADED ERASER ARE GOOD
FOR GRAPHITE AND CHARCOAL

• AVOID UNNECESSARY
ERASURES AS IT DAMAGES THE
QUALITY OF THE PAPER

KNEADED ERASER
This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft eraser is
advantageous in removing smudges and pencil marks, whereas a
harder eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors
in the drawing.
Drawing pencil

This is one of the most important tools in

drawing. It comes in various grades. The
grade of pencil to be used depends on the
quality of paper to be used. You have to
take into consideration also the type of line
work required.

Pencil Sharpener

Pencils should be sharpened

whenever they show sign of
dullness. Various types and designs
are available in the store for use.
 DRAFTING BRUSH

CUTTER
Drafting brushes come in many shapes
and sizes, but most have a wooden handle
and either natural or synthetic fiber
bristles. Useful for everything
from cleaning a computer keyboard to
clearing pages of stray media, a drafting
brush helps keep both your work and your
workspace pristine.
 LEAD PENCIL
MECHANICAL PENCIL

• MECHANICAL PENCILS ARE GOOD

FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING

• THE LIGHTER THE PENCIL, THE

NEATER

• SHARPEN YOUR PENCIL

GRAPHITE PENCIL
Hard pencils – are used where extreme accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.

Medium pencils – are used for general purpose work in drawing.

Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting. They are very useful for
drawing and shading.
Mechanical pencils

Mechanical pencils are used to provide lines of constant width

without sharpening in technical drawing and in quick, neat writing.
Since they do not have to be sharpened, they are also very popular
with students.
DRAWING PENS: Technical Pens
• ALWAYS CLEAN THE TIP OF YOUR
TECH PENS BEFORE AND AFTER
USING IT

• HOLD THE PEN UPRIGHT OR IN A

90 DEGREE ANGLE TO THE PAPER

• WASH YOUR TECHPEN WITH

RUNNING WATER ONCE IN A
WHILE

• STORE YOUR TECH PENS

HORIZONTALLY

• AVOID SHAKING YOUR TECH PENS

1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge
of the drafting table. (Left side of the table if you
are right-handed and at the right side of the table if
you are left-handed).

2. Slide the working head of the T-square against

the working edge of the drawing table. The two
edges should be in constant contact until the
desired position.

Note: Do not use the T-square on uneven or rough

surfaces and never cut paper along its working
edge.
For right-handed

For left-handed
Procedure:
1. Press firmly the T-square against the working edge
of the drawing table.
2. Place the drawing paper close to the working edge
of the drawing table and working head of the T-
square depending on you if you are right or left-
handed, while the paper is placed on top edge of the
T-square.
3. Fasten the upper left portion of the drawing paper
followed by the lower right portion and finally the
Materials:
remaining corners. •Drawing paper
•Masking tape
Note: Always fasten larger backing sheet of thicker Instrument:
drawing paper on the board first. •T – Square
Equipment:
•Drawing Table/Drawing Board
Procedure:
1. Press the head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table and
lean the pencil to the desired direction of the line inclined at more or less 60 degrees
with the drawing table.
2. Maintain the position of the pencil while you glide lightly on the blade of the T-
square.
3. Draw the line from left to right rotating occasionally to produce uniform line
weights.
(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).

Materials:
Drawing paper
Masking tape
Instrument:
T – Square
Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45
deg.)
Equipment:
Drawing Table/Drawing Board
Procedure:
1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.
2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the vertical edge
on the left.
3. With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against the
drawing board, draw the line upward, rotating the pencil slowly between the
thumb and forefinger.

Materials:
Drawing paper
Masking tape
Instrument:
T – Square
Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg.
x 45 deg.)
Equipment:
Drawing Table/Drawing Board
It is essential to take proper care of the drafting tools, materials, and
equipment. Below are some tips to properly use and take care of
them.

1. Avoid dropping your tools and equipment.

2. Never use measuring tools in cutting paper.
3. Wipe off the surface and edges of triangles and T-squares.
4. Sharpen and store your pencils properly after use.
5. Find or create an organizer where you can hang your measuring
tools.
6. Have a separate container for making tools.
7. Keep your drawing sheets in a plastic tube to protect them from
dust and dirt.
- Thank you! -
 MODULE 1.3-1.4
LINES AND LINE DIRECTIONS
 Lesson Objectives
 Line and Line directions
 Kinds of Lines
 Geometric Shapes
 Platework instructions.
Upon completing this lesson, student will be able to:

1. Classify lines and its different directions.

2. Properly utilize drawing instruments in drawing lines and
shapes.
3. Draw lines of different directions using drawing
instruments.
4. Understand and apply general applications of geometry to
drawing.
LINE
Line has been used since the beginning of time and can
be seen everywhere from everyday life to nature and
even the stars.

The history of line in art goes back to primitive man,

first appearing on cave walls as simple drawings or
sketches.

Line is commonly used to represent things such as

power, stability and transformation.
It is considered by most to
be the most basic element
of art.

It is the foundation of all

types of drawing.
Line direction in art refers to line that is either
horizontal, vertical or diagonal. A line can also
be curved, curly, spiral, zigzag, etc..
GEOMETRICAL
SHAPES
Geometric Shapes can
be defined as figure
or area closed by a
boundary which is
created by combining
the specific number
of curves, points, and
lines. Different
geometric shapes are
Triangle, Circle,
Square, etc.
1. Using your drawing paper/sketchpad and drawing instruments, draw the
different kinds of lines and shapes in repeated pattern.
2. First, draw 8 boxes with a measurement of 10cm x 10cm.
3. Sample layout is on the next slides with designated measurements.
4. Then, for the first four boxes, draw horizontal lines, vertical lines,
diagonal lines in 30 degrees, and diagonal lines in 60 degrees with an
interval/spacing of 0.5cm between lines.
5. For the other four boxes, draw the basic shapes of your choice (circle,
square, triangle, rectangle, etc..) in each box in a repeated pattern with
an interval/spacing of 0.5cm between lines and/or shapes.
6. Take a clear vivid photo of your work and submit in our Neo LMS
Dropbox.
10cm
Layout
OTHER EXAMPLES OF GEOMETRIC PATTERNS
 45.5cm

1.5cm 42.5cm 1.5cm

1.5cm

30.5cm
25cm

0.5cm
NAME, COURSE, YEAR&SECTION: SUBJECT, PLATE# &TITLE: INSTRUCTOR & DATE: RATING:
LOGO JUAN DELA CRUZ GRAPHICS 1 - PLATE # 1 RANDY P. TOLENTINO

2cm

1.5cm
BS ARCH 1C LINES AND SHAPES 09-05-22

2.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 2.5cm

 45.5cm

1.5cm 42.5cm 1.5cm

0.5cm 0.5cm 0.5cm 0.5cm 0.5cm

1.5cm
2.0cm

10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm

square square square square
2.0cm

30.5cm
25cm
10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm 10cm x 10cm
square square square square
1.0cm

0.5cm
NAME, COURSE, YEAR&SECTION: SUBJECT, PLATE# &TITLE: INSTRUCTOR & DATE: RATING:
LOGO JUAN DELA CRUZ GRAPHICS 1 - PLATE # 1 RANDY P. TOLENTINO

2cm

1.5cm
BS ARCH 1C LINES AND SHAPES 09-05-22

2.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 2.5cm

 Sketchpad
 Graphite pencils (or mechanical
pencils)
 Measuring tools
- That’s all and
Thank you -
 AC 131
GRAPHICS 1
MODULE 2: ARCHITECTURAL
LETTERING
CONTENTS
 Lesson Objectives
 Introduction of Topic
(Architectural Lettering)
 Types and Importance of
Lettering
Platework Discussion
 Q&A

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 2

 LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Determine the meaning of lettering
and its types for better
understanding.
2. Recognize the importance of
lettering in your course.
3. Practice and apply single stroke
lettering through exercises/plates
using their correct proportion.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 3

LETTERING
 WHAT IS LETTERING?

 Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other

important particulars on a drawing is called
lettering.
 Important part of a drawing.
 It should be clear, legible and uniform in its
style.
 It should be in plain and simple style so that it
could be done free hand and speedily.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 5

 METHODS OF FORMING LETTERS

1. Freehand lettering is done without the assistance of tools. To

regulate lettering height, commonly 3 mm (1⁄8-in), guidelines are
drawn.

2. Mechanical lettering is done using tools such as lettering

guides, templates, or using a small mechanical pantograph
(pantograph, instrument for duplicating a motion or copying a
geometric shape to a reduced or enlarged scale).

3. Modern drawings are lettered with computer-aided

design software.
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 6
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 7
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 8
 ARCHITECTURAL LETTERING

This style of handwriting, simply stated, are

uniform block letters that are easy to read. This
lettering was established by architects long ago so
that all writing on blueprints were legible; therefore,
costly mistakes would not be made.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 9

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 10
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 11
 TYPES OF
LETTERING
SINGLE STROKE LETTERING
DOUBLE STROKE LETTERING

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 12

 SINGLE STROKE LETTERS

• These are the simplest form of letters.

• Single stroke means that the
thickness of the line of the letter should
be such as is obtained in one stroke of
pencil. (Does not mean that the letter
should be made in one stroke without
lifting the pencil.)
• Horizontal lines of letters should be
drawn from left to right and vertical
lines drawn from top to bottom.
• Single stroke letters are of TWO
types:
1. Vertical
2. Inclined
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 13
 DOUBLE STROKE LETTERS

• When more thickness is given to

single stroke letters, it is known as
double stroke or gothic letters.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 14

LETTERING
ANGLE
• VERTICAL LETTERING
• INCLINED LETTERING
Vertical lettering: in this type of
lettering the letters are inclined at
an angle of 90° to the horizontal.
 Vertical capital letters are preferred
for most technical work. They are
20XX
formed within a 6x6 grid.
PRESENTATION TITLE 17
• Most letters are slightly narrower than they are tall.
• The shapes of the letters are as open as possible.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 18

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 19
• The “H” and “N” are slightly narrower that they are tall.
• The “T” and “M” are just as wide as they are tall.
• Note: Proportion: width vs. height is very important in
forming letters.
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 20
Inclined lettering: in this type of
lettering the letters are inclined at an
angle of 75° to the horizontal or
inclined to the right at an angle of 15°
from the vertical.
 WHY IS LETTERING NECESSARY?

Architects use drawings to pass or convey written information. These architectural

drawings are assessed and used by the contractor for building a structure as
envisaged by the architect. If the drawings are misinterpreted, it would prove
disastrous as they could cause safety issues, project delays and many other
problems.

Architectural lettering written in neat block letters is easily readable as there is no

room for uncertainty. Everybody involved in building the structure can follow the clearly
written letters and work according to the specifications mentioned.

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 22

 IMPORTANCE OF GOOD LETTERING
A. Legibility – Each letter must be distinct and not
have to be read in context to be understood.
Industry can’t tolerate errors caused by poor
drawing legibility.

B. Corporate Pride – Some engineering companies

only have their drawings to sell. Poor lettering
reflects poorly on their product and makes
potential customers question their engineering
accuracy.

C. Personal Pride – You owe it to yourself to do your

very best. Don’t settle for anything less than your
best. Successful people aren’t “average”. Pay your
“dues” and practice. You can improve with effort
and don’t sell yourself short. Believe in yourself.
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 23
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 24
 PLATEWORK # 2 – LETTERING EXERCISES
1. Draw gridlines on your drawing space with 0.5cm interval/spacing between
grids. (HB graphite or 0.3mm mechanical pencil)
2. Practice writing the letters and numbers following the vertical and the
inclined lettering strokes. (2B graphite or 0.5mm mechanical pencil)
3. Create 3 rows of vertical lettering, and 3 rows of inclined lettering.
4. Letters should be alphabetically arranged and in uppercase.
5. Followed by numbers starting from 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . . 9, 0. If there are still
spaces left on the row after “0”, start over with the alphabets again until you
fill up the space.
6. Allow 0.5cm (or 1 grid) spacing between letters and numbers.
7. After finishing one row of letters/numbers, give a 0.5cm space before
continuing or starting another row of alphabets/numbers.
8. Sample layout in the next slide.
9. No need to erase your gridlines afterwards but make sure they are lightly
drawn.
10.Once done, take a clear photo of your work and submit in our Neo
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 25
 45.5cm

1.5cm 42.5cm 1.5cm

0.5cm

1.5cm
0.5cm

This is an
example only.
0.5cm

There should be:

3 ROWS for
Vertical
Lettering

30.5cm
25cm
&

3 ROWS for
Inclined
Lettering

0.5cm
NAME, COURSE, YEAR&SECTION: SUBJECT, PLATE# &TITLE: INSTRUCTOR & DATE: RATING:
LOGO JUAN DELA CRUZ GRAPHICS 1 - PLATE # 2 RANDY TOLENTINO

2cm

1.5cm
BS ARCH 1C LETTERING EXERCISES 09-12-22

2.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 12.5cm 2.5cm

MATERIALS

• Sketchpad

• HB & 2B graphite pencils (or

0.3/0.5 mechanical pencils)

• Measuring tools

27
 RESOURCES:

https://www.whsad.org/teacher-posts/architectural-lettering
https://u.osu.edu/idvisualization/2015/09/25/handwriting-samples/
https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/52000/52097/52097_single_strk.htm
https://www.slideserve.com/galena/architectural-drafting
https://www.slideshare.net/hena2204/lecture-iii-lettering
https://designbuildacademy.com/architectural-lettering/
https://theserif.net/lettering/architectural-lettering/
https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-is-the-importance-of-
lettering/#What_are_the_different_kinds_of_lettering
https://www.google.com/search
https://www.slideshare.net/hermiraguilar/engineering-drawing-engineering-lettering-lesson-3
https://www.educationalstuffs.in/lettering-and-numbering/
file:///C:/Users/ACER/Desktop/1606739809-engineering-drawing-week-04-ee-215-double-stroke-vertical-
letters.pdf
https://qnaengine.com/lettering-in-engineering-drawing-no-1-comprehensive/
https://edengdrawing.blogspot.com/2013/02/technical-lettering.html
https://www.kuet.ac.bd/webportal/ppmv2/uploads/1598888206Civil%20Engineering%20Drawing.pdf
THANK YOU!!!
GRAPHICS 1
MODULE 3
Alphabet of Lines
CONTENTS

01. Lesson Objectives

02. Alphabet of Lines and description
03. Line Weights and their uses
04. Assignment
05. Quiz
 Upon completing this week’s lesson, student
will be able to:

Part 01 1. Familiarize with the different lines used in

Lesson architectural drawing with corresponding
Objectives descriptions.
2. Differentiate the line weights and their uses
in drawing.
3. Evaluate learning through written works.
ALPHABET OF LINES
A drawing is made up of different lines. Each line represents something - a
surface, a hidden surface, an extension of a surface, a center of a hole, or a line
with dimension on it.
Line symbols used in technical drawing are referred to as ALPHABET OF LINES.
The use of line symbols enables engineers/designers to express the features of
designed products and plan clearly and accurately.
Each type of line has a very precise symbolic meaning. Knowing the correct usage
of this "alphabet of lines" is essential whether you use traditional drafting
methods or CAD.
Visible line – a thick line that represents the visible edges or outline of the object; also
known as the object line.

Hidden line – a medium thick line composed of short dashes about 2-3 millimeters long
with space between dashes about 1-2 millimeters wide; it represents the surface or edges
that cannot be seen.

Center line – a thin line consisting of two long dashes and short dash drawn alternately
with a gap of at least 2 millimeters in between; it represents the axis or center of
symmetrical shapes like a ball, washer, rectangular block, cube.

Section line – thin lines to show the surface that has been cut; they are spaced evenly at
45 degrees with the horizontal to make shaded effect.

Extension line – a thin line that extends from the object in order to show dimension limits.

Dimension line – a thin line with an arrowhead in one end used to indicate the
measurements of the object.
Long-break line – a medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn alternately. This is
also known as the limiting line. This limits the length of an elongated object without changing the size
of its view.

Short-break line – thick line drawn in freehand to show details that a part has been cut off or broken
out.

Leader line – a short inclined thin line with an arrowhead at the end and short horizontal line on the
other end; used to indicate the part of the drawing to which a note refers to.

Phantom line – a thin line that shows position(s) of part of an object that moves drawn by two short
dashes and one long dash.
Cutting-plane line –thick lines used to indicate an imaginary cut through an object along the line. It is
made up of two long dashes broken in one end with an arrowhead and two short dashes drawn in
between the long dashes.

Viewing-plane line – used to indicate direction of sight when a partial view is used. It is made up of
two long dashes broken in one end with an arrowhead and two short dashes drawn in between the
long dashes.
LINE WEIGHTS
Line weight is the visual lightness, darkness, or heaviness of a line within a
drawing. In any architectural drawing, from a sketch to a construction
drawing, the interplay of different relative line weights is used to
communicate depth, importance, and proximity.

It is used in all drawing types - sketches, sections and elevations, plans,

diagrams, perspectives, and details.
 Why use different line weights?

• To show relationships in time or space.

For example, a dashed line might show an existing portion of a house has been
removed, a different stage of construction might be shown lighter, or an element
which is underground and can’t really be ‘seen’ might be marked by a lightly
dashed ‘hidden line'.

• To establish a hierarchy.
Architects select line weights carefully, to bring the viewer's attention to
particular parts of the drawing that they identify as important first. Traditionally,
the most important information is rendered in the deepest, heaviest line.
• To create depth.
Architects are always converting 3-Dimensional spatial ideas into 2-
Dimensional drawings. You can use a variety of line weights within a drawing to
establish a sense of depth. Darkest line weights come to the front, while lighter,
finer lines fall into the background.

• To add legibility and clarity to a dense drawing.

When your drawings need to communicate a lot of different and often
overlapping information, clarity is key. Using different line weights allows you to
distinguish one type of information from another, and to guide how the eye
moves around the drawing - both elements which are key to achieving legibility
and clarity.
Different Line Weights
• HEAVY OR BOLD LINES

• MEDIUM LINES

• LIGHT LINES

• GUIDELINES OR CONSTRUCTION LINES

• BORDER LINES
HEAVY OR BOLD LINES
Primary objects in a drawing should be bold to define the
profiles of plan and section cuts.
• WALLS IN PLAN VIEW
• OUTLINE OF SECTION CUTS
• OUTLINE AROUND THE PERIMETER OF AN ELEVATION
• OUTLINE OF 3D OBJECTS OR PERSPECTIVES
MEDIUM LINES
Secondary objects in a drawing
should be medium to give emphasis
to the primary objects .
• OBJECTS INSIDE THE PERIMETER OF AN
ELEVATION
• DOORS AND WINDOWS
• FURNITURES, COUNTERS AND CABINETS
LIGHT LINES
LIGHT LINES SUGGESTS CHANGE IN MOVEMENT, MATERIAL,
COLOR, OR TEXTURE.

• ACTION LINES - POTENTIAL MOVEMENT OF AN OBJECT

• INFORMATION LINES - CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT THE
DRAWING
• FILL PATTERNS - INDICATE THE TYPE OF MATERIAL
ACTION LINES

• DOOR SWINGS
• HINGE DIRECTION
• WINDOW SWING
• FLOW OF TRAFFIC
INFORMATION LINES

• DIMENSION LINES
• CENTER LINES
• LEADER LINES
• HIDDEN LINES
FILL PATTERNS

• HATCHES
• TILING
• SECTION OF MATERIALS
BORDER LINES
IT IS USED TO CREATE A MARGIN ON
THE DRAWING SHEET AND TO
CREATE THE LINES AROUND THE
TITLE BLOCK.

IT SHOULD BE DARK OR ABOUT

TWICE AS THICK AS BOLD LINES.
CONSTRUCTION LINES/GUIDELINES
THESE LINES ARE TEMPORARY AND USED TO LAY OUT
THE PAGE, CREATE INITIAL SHAPES, AND PROVIDE
GUIDES FOR LETTERING HEIGHTS

• INITIAL GRIDLINES
• MARGINS
• SPACING
To evaluate your understanding of the lesson, answer the following questions
in paragraph form of 3-5 sentences.

1. Why do you need to learn about the alphabet of lines?

2. In your own words, what is the importance of line weights in architectural
drawing?
3. What challenges would you encounter in mastering the alphabet of lines and
line weights?

* Write your answers using MS Word or PPT, then save as PDF.

* 10 Points each. (total 30points)
* Include your complete name, course & year and date before writing your essay.
* Copy the given questions in your document.
 To be announced during
laboratory hours this week.
Resources:
"TECHNICAL DRAWING & ALPHABET OF LINE," in SchoolWorkHelper, 2019,
https://schoolworkhelper.net/technical-drawing-alphabet-of-line/
http://portico.space/journal//line-weight-for-architects
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVwZWQuZ292LnBofH
dlc3Rlcm5lcnxneDpkNGZlYTM1YjZiOWMxYjQ
https://www.northernarchitecture.us/construction-drawings/line-types.html
https://www.google.com.ph/search