Human Sciences- A type of science that refers to the aspects of humans and

human interactions:

Nursing Science - a branch of science that deals with the principles and
applications of nursing and related services

Examples
All clients that come to the hospital for consultation are sick. Ben came to see Dr. Cruz at
the hospital therefore Ben is sick. Rationalism

The use of a sphygmomanometer to get the blood pressure of the patient and identify if the
patient is hypertensive or not. Empiricism

Christian believe that there is God and behave in a manner that will bring them to heaven even
if there is no existing proof that heaven exists. Positivism

DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Based on a book, all patients with heart failure have low oxygen saturation, crackles in the lungs,
shortness of breath, and peripheral edema.

Mrs. Morris, a 54-year-old female, is admitted to the telemetry unit with a diagnosis of heart failure.

The nurse can expect Mrs. Morris to have low oxygen saturation, crackles in the lungs, shortness of
breath, and peripheral edema. This is an example of :

INDUCTIVE REASONING
“An elderly patient has been in a trauma and appears to be crying.
The nurse on admission observes that the patient has marks on her body and believes that she
has been abused;
the orthopedist has viewed an x-ray and believes that the crying patient is in pain due to a
fractured femur that will not require surgery only a closed reduction;
The chaplain observes the patient crying and believes the patient needs spiritual support.
Each observation is concept laden.”

In summary, deductive inquiry uses the theory-then-research approach, and inductive

inquiry uses the research-then-theory approach. Both approaches are utilized in the field of
nursing.