EXPANDED PROGRAM NO IMMUNIZATION (EPI)

1976 PRD 996

Ferdinand Marcos SR.
*Aims to provide community access to vaccineS*

Immunizations- process hwere vaccine is introduced to body before infection sets in

(WHAT HAPPENS TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AS A RESULT)

Vaccines- To induce casuisng recipients immune system to react and produce

antibodies to fight infection (ACT OF IMPLEMENTING OR GIVING SOMEONE A VACCINE)

Inoculation- act/process/instance of inoiculating especially the introduction of a

pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of anti
bodies. (ACT OF IMPLANTING A DIEASE INSIDE A PERSON OR ANIMAL)

WHY TO VACCINE THE NEWBORN

*Promotes health and protect children from disease casuing bacteria/virus
*Beacuse people of this age ar susceptible to diseases
-child hood diseases such as-;
1.Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium tb
2.Diphteria - Corynebacterium diptheria
3.Pertussis (whooping cough) - Bordetella Pertussis
4.Tetanus- Clostridium Tetani
5.Poliomyelitis- Poliovirus 1,2 and 3
6.Measles- Measles Virus
7.Hepatitis B- Hepatitis B virus

EPI ROUTINE OF IMMUNIZATION

* EVERY WED - Immunization day in RHU/HC
* MONTHLY - In baranggay health station
* QUARTERLY - In far flung areas

ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION SCHED FOR INFANTS

* FULLY IMMUNIZED CHILD - 1 does of BCG
- 3 Dose of OPV
- 3 Doses of DPT
- 3 Doses of Hepa B

ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION FOR INFANTS

*DOWNLOAD SA G-CLASS*

TETANUS TPXOID IMMUNIZATION SCHED FOR WOMEN

*Tetanus - caused by Clostridium tetani
- casuses painful contractions
- also called lockjaw

GENRAL PRINCIPLE IN VACCINATING CHILDREN

1. Safe and immunogically effective to administer all EPI vaccines on the same
day at different sites of the body.
2. Measles vaccine should be given as soon as the child is 9 months old.
3. The vaccination sched should not be restarted from the beginning even if
the interval between doeses exeedes teh recommended interval by months or
years.
4. Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea
and vomiting are not contraindictions to vaccination.
5. The absolute contraindicationsto immunization are;
* DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsions or shock within 3
dyas the previous dose.
 * Children with evolving nuerological disease (uncontrolled epilepsy
of progressive encephalopathy)
* Live vaccines like BCG vaccine must not be given to individuals who
are immunossupressed due to malignant disease ( child with clinical AIDS),
ongoing therapy with immunosuppressive agents.
6. It is safe and effective with mild side effects after vaccination.
7. Giving doese of a vaccine at less than recommended 4 weeks interval may lessen
the antibody response. Lengthening the interval between doese of vaccines leads to
higher antibody levels.
8. No extra doses must be given to children/mother who missed a dose, the
vaccination must continue as if no time was missed
9. Strictly follow the principle of never, ever reconstituting the freeze dried
vaccines in anything other than th diluent supllied with them.
10. Children with malnutrition, low grade fever, mild respiratory infections and
other minor illnesses and diarrhea should not be a contraindication to OPV
vaccination.
11. Repeat BCG vaccination if the cihld does not develop a scar after the 1st
injection
12. Use one syringe one needle per vaccine per child during vaccination *malamang
lol*

TYPES OF VACCINES:
1. INACTIVATED VACCINES
- Used the killed version of the germ that causes the disease
- Need several doses overtime(booster shots) in order to get ongoing immunity
against diseases

Protect against;
*Hepa A
*Flu
*Polio
*Rabies

2. LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

- Uses a weakened form of the germ that causes the disease
- Crate a strong and long lasting immune response

Contraindications:
- Weakened immune systems, long term health problems, undergone organ transplant

Protect against;
*Measles,mumps, rubella (MMR)
*Smallpox
*Yellow fever
*Rotavirus
*Chickenpox

3. MESSENGER RNA VACCINES

- Also called mRNA vaccines
- mRNA vaccines proteins in order to trigger an immune response.
- several benefits; shorter manufacturing time and no risk of causing diseases

Protect against;
*Covid 19

4. SUBUNIT, RECOMBINANT, POLYSACCHARIDE, AND CONJUGATE VACCINES

-Use specific pieces pf the germ like it's protein, sugar or capsid.
-Give a very strong immune response
-Used on almost everyone including those with weakened immune systems
-May need booster shots

Protect against;
*Hib disease
*Whooping cough
*Shingles
*Hepa B
*Pneumoccal diseaese
*HPV (HUman papillomavirus)
*Meningococcal disease

5. TOXOID VACCINES
- Use a toxin made by the germ that cause the disease
-Create immunity to the parts of the germ that cause the disease instead of the
germ itself
-May need booster shots

Protect against;
* Diptheria
* Tetanus

Temperature monitoring
*done twice a day (early morning and afternoon)
*temp is pletted everyday

COLD CHAIN EQUIPMENT

- These are: cold room. freezer, refrigirator, transport box, vaccine carrier

NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM (NIP)

*RA 10152 "Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011"
Signed by Benigno Aquino lll in July 26,2010
immunizaytion below 5 yrs old including
*Tb
*Poliomyeletis
*Mumps
*Hepa B
*Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT)
*Measles
*Rubella or German measles
*Haemophilus Influenza type B (HIB)
*Etc. like Japanese Encephalitis