Vaniable

Cne
LnearEquno
164 IMulliplying both sides by 5
5x5X- 15
3

Thus, x=-is the solution of the given equation.

Substituting * = in the given equation, we get
3

x+11 =-16411-164 +1651

L.H.S. +11= 15 16
and,

R.H.S 15
-164
L.H.S. = R.H.S. for *

Hence, x -164,is
=- the solution of the given equation.
5
Example 2 Solve:-=6

Solution We have,

5
Adding, on
both sides]
6 2

12+
2

3 2 Multiplying both sides by 3

3xx =3x
51
=

equation.
Thus, x = is the solution of the given
cquation,
we get
Creck in the given
Substituting x
=

*
51,5_17_5-17-6 12
2 2 2
L.H., 3" 2

änd,
R.H.S. =6
 dene
atics 1or RSs V
L.H.S, =R.H.S. forx

equation.
ience, r =
is the solution of the given

Example 3 Solve:
2 =8
Solution We have, 2 - 8
and 3 L.H.S. is 6.
LCM of denominators 2 on

Multiplying both sides by 6, we get

3x-2x =6x8
= 48
we get
Check Substituting x = 48 in the given equation,
8
24-16 =8 and, R.H.S. =

L.H.S. =- 3
.H.S. = R.H.S. for x = 48

Hence, x = 48 is the solution of the given equation.

*
Example4 Solve: + 3

Solution We have, *3 -=7

LCM of denominators 2, 3, 4 on L.H.S. is 12. Multiplying both sides by 12, T

get
6x+4x-3x = 7x12
= 7x = 7x12

7x =84
7x Dividing both sides by
7
* = 12

Check Substitutingx = 12 in the given equation, we get

12 12
L.H.S. =+ 6+4-3 =7 and, R.H.S. = 7
2 3 4

L.H.S. = R.H.S. for x = 12.

Hence, x = 12 is the solution of the given equation.

Example 5 Solve: -2-1|

Solution We have, =1 4

LCM of denominators 3 and 4 on L.H.S. is 12.

Multiplying bothi sides by 12, we get
 Linear EquaIOn n One Variable 9

4(y-1)-3(y- 2) =12
4y-4-3y +6= 12
4y-3y -4 +6 =12
y+2 12
y+2-2= 12-2 |Subtracting 2 from both sides!

= y=10

Thus. y = 10 is the solution of the given equation.

Check Substituting y 10 in the given equation, we get

L.H.S =-110-2_9 -2 =1 and, R.H.S. =1

3 3
. L.HS. = R.H.S. fory = 10.
10 is the solution of the given equation.
Hence =

EXERCISE 9.1
Solve ecch of the following equations and also uerify your solution:

1.9y-1 2x 3 x 7
4 B8 6. (r+2)(* +3)+ (x -3)x-2)-2x(x+1) =0
3 8 12
_4 3_1 8.-+35= 9.
2x -1 6x -21
2 5 5 10 5 3 53
10. 13y-4)-3(7 -9) -5(y +4) =0

ANSWERS
127
3. I 12 5. 2 6. 6
12
70
B. 9 1.
.
349
9. 0.

3.5 TRANSPosITION METHOD FOR SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

Sometimes the twro sides of an equation contain both variable (unknown quantity) and
Cnstants (numerals). In such cases, we first simplily two sides in their simplest torms
and then transpose (shif) terms containing variable on R.H.S. to L.H.S and constant
terms on I.H.S to M.HS. By transposing a term from one side to the otherside, we mean
changing its sign and carrying it to the other side. In transposition the plus sigm of the
term changes into minus sign on the other side and vice-versa.

The transposition method invalves thhe following steps:

Step I Ohtain the linear eguation.
Sten II ldentify the uariable (unknoun quantity) and constants (numerals).
9.6
Step Ill Simplify the L. H.S. and R.ll.S. to their sinplest for s
Mathemat
by removingt
ics tor Class Vil

pY Transposc all terms containtg variable

on
L. i.S. and constant brackets.
wnll change tn slhtfting them from
on p .
Noe that the sign
terms
of the from L.H.S. to H.S
an vice-versa.
so that each side
R.HS
the simplest Jorm s o
g Smplify L.iH.S. and R.ilS. in
contains Just one
V by diuLding both sides by the
by the coefficient
Solve tie equation obtained in step
.

p Vi
the variable on L,li.S,
illustrate the above procedure.
OlLOWIn8 exampies will
ILLUSTRAIVE EXAMPLES

Exampie1 Solve: 5 3 4

Solution We have,

25 34 4. Their LCM is 60.

on two sides are 2,5,3, and
The denominators
of the given equation by 60, we get
Multipiying both sides

60x-60 x=60x+60
5
x
30x- 12 = 20x + 15
LHS and 12 to RHS
IOn transposing 20x to
-

30x-20x =15+ 12

10x 2 27
sides by l0
27 [On dividing both
10

Hence, x =is the solution of the given equation.

10
27 in the given equation, we get
Substituting z
Chech 10

27 127 27-1x4 2-4-

20 20
H.S.2510 2 5 205 20
and,
91-9x2+1x5 18+523
R.H.S.+ x+ 20
RH.S.3'4 10 3 4 10 4 20

27
Thus, for = we have L.H.S. = R.H.S.
10
 e3EqU 0 Variablo

3ove:
x+ 7-
Examplo2

We have,
8x17 6x
x+1-3 6 8
on two 8ides are 3, 6 and 8. Their LCM is 24.
The denominators
Multiplying both sides ol the given equation by 24, we get

24x+24x7-24x24x-24x
64x = 68-15x
2 4 x + 168-

168-40x = 68-15x
Transposing
-

15x to LHS and i68 to RHS

-
40x+ 16x =68 -168
-25:t =-100
2 5 x = 100
[Dividing both sides by 25)
25
P
equation.
Thus, x =4 is the
solution
of the given
the given equation, we get
Substitutingx =4 in
ChecR
L H . S . x + 7 - 4 + 7 - = 1 1 - 3 2

and,
R.HS. -2-
L.H,.S, =
R.H.S.

Thus, forx=4, we have

Z t 3 2

EXemple3
Solve: 3
Solution We have,
3-2 213 --
4 3 3
4,3 and 3.
two sides are
Their LCM is
12.

d e n o m i n a t o r s on
The by 12, we get
both sides of
the given equation
Multiplying

3(3t-2)-4 (21+ 3) 12"

9t-6-8t-12 =12x-12
3
9.8 Mathemalics for Class Vi
9 t - 6 - 8 t - 12 - 8 - 121

-18 -8121
ITransposing 12t to 1FIS nnd-Ja.
12 -8+18 »RHS
13t 26
t
26 (Dividing both sides
by 12
t2 we
equation, get
both sides ol the given
Check Substituting t =2 on

2 2t+3
L.H.S. =

3
3x2-2 2x2+36-2-4*3=4 =1L=3-1.
3 4 3 3
and,

RHS -2-
have L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Thus, fort =2, we

Example 4 Solve:6 3
Soliution We have,

on two sides of the given equation are 6, 3, 4 and 12.

The denominators
of the given equation by 24, we get
Their LCM is 24. Multiplying both sides

4z+2) -24 24213x-4)

4 + 2)- 8O11- x)+ G = 2(3x -4)

4 x + 8 - 8 8 +8x +6 = 6x - 8

1 2 x 7 4 -6x -8 RHS

12x-6x =74-8 Transposing 6x to LHS and-4

6 x = 66

66 both sidesbr
Viding
6
 Vanablo
arEquato mCno
d.slhstituting a = 11 on both sides of the given equation, we get

LH.S, 2/1

and,

R.H.S. 3x-43x11-4 _33-4 12

29
12 12 12
we have L.H.S. =
R.H.S.
Thus, for *=ll,

81
Solve: *- 3
Example5

We have,
Soiution

2x +8
3

2+8
x--
3
The denominators on the two sides of this equation are 3, 4 and 24. Their
LCM. is 24.
Multiplying both sides of this equation by 24, we get

4x-2 -24-2 -3x24

2 4 x -8(2x+8) = 6x - ( 2 - x ) - 7 2

2 4 x - 1 6 x - 64 = 6 x - 2 + x - 7 2

8 x - 6 4 = 7x-74
= 8x-7x = 64 -74 Transposing 7x to LHS and -

64 to RHS]

- 1 0

Thus, x =-10 is the solution of the given equation.

Check in the given equation, we get
Putting x =-10
2x1810_2x-10+8
3
-10-20*8
3
--10- --10-4=-6
and,

MS ;(-10-2)-3=-3-3=-6

Thus, L.H.S. = R.H S. forx = -10.

 Mathemanes for ass VI
9.10
xampla6 Solve: 0.16(5x-2) -0.4x*'
Solution We have,
the brucket on 1.Jie.
0.16t5x-2) = 0.4r * |Expanding
Lutid and- 0.32 to F
0 . 8 r -0.32 -0.4x +7 ITransposing
0.4x o

0.8x-0.4x - 0.32+7
0 . 4 x =7.32 IDividing oth sides by 04

0.4x 7.32
0.4 0.4

18.3
*7010.

solution of the given equation

*ence, x = 18.3 is the

Example 7 Solve: 5 15
3x
Solution We have,

Z
5x 3x and 3x,
we get

Vtiplying both sides by 15x,

the LCM
of 5x
15xx-15xx=15xx5
**
6-25 =* - 1 9 =*
equation.
Hence, x =-19 is the solution of the given

Example8 Solve: =5-6x +3

15 i.e. the LCM
of5 and 3, we get
SolLtion Multiplying both sides by
317-3x)-5(4x +2) =
15(5- 6x) +5(7x +14)
70
51-9x-20x-10 =75-90x +35x +
41-29x =145-55x

29x + 55x = 145-41

2 6 x =104
26x 104

26 26
I =4

Thus, x = 4 is the solution of the given equation.

+2 +1-*-3
Example 9 Solve:3 5 4
Solhution Multiplying both sides by 60 i.e. the LCM of 3, 5, and 4, we get
20(x +2)-12 (x +1) =
15(x-3)-1x60
20x+ 40-12x-12 =
15x -45- 60
8x+28 =15x-105
Linear Equalion in One Variable

8 r - 1bx -105 28
133
71 133
Didn Inth srls-

19
Thus, r = 19 is the solution of the given equat1on.

Solve:
Example 10 (2x +3 +(2x-3 =(8x 6)(x- 1)+ 22
Solutiorn We have,
(2x +3) + (2:x -3) =(8x +6)(x -1)+ 22
+b)
Using:(a +b) +(a -b)=2(a
21(2x+3)= x (8x +6)- (8r + 6) +22 |on LHS

2 4x+9) =8x +6x -8x-6+ 22

8x+18 =8-2x +16
S-8x +2x =16-18
2x =-2
Hence, x =-1 is the solution of the given equation.

EXERCISE 9.2
Solve each of the following equations and also check your result in each case:

C
1 3 x - 10 2. 2

3. -26y-5
3 11 4 x-2x2x+5=3-*
6.x+4:x = 6x -6
7-6- 7x 4

+10 8.
2 3
3a-2 2a +3 1 10.
3 2 6
5 ( r ) _ ( - 3)
3x -1)_(x -2) 123 4
11 2
5

) -2x) (2-3x)_3
13
3x+1) (2x -3)x 3) 3x - 7
14
16

36 16 0.18(5r 4) = 0.51 +0.8

J2
23 , , , r +19
"3x 2x 12 9 3108 I8
9.12 Mathematics for Class VIl
19.
4-2x) (4.x+ 10) (15-14x) 20.
9
15
0.5(x -0.4)_0.6(x-2.71)
22. * +6.
21 a ) " 0.35 42

23. 6.5x* + 19.5x-32.5-6.5x

2
+13+(13x-2
2
1) =
(x -3) (x + 7)
24. (3x-8) (3x + 2)-(4.x-11) (2x +

=10x* +92
26. [(2x +3) +(x +5)* +|(2x +3)-(x +5)
ANSWERS
24 *
6. 6.
X-1 17 10

30 8. 11. 14
8. .
7. 11
16. 17.-- 10 18. 6
13. 5 10 15.
22. -2.8 23. 24. 4
20. 21.
195
19. 14

9.6 CROSs-MULTIPLICATION METHOD FOR SOLVING EQUATIONS OF THE FOR

TO
cx+d n

Consider the equation

form
Clearly, it is an equation of the
+b =5.
3 and
-
Cx+d ,
n where a =2,b
=5,c =3,d =7,m = n

tne
equation in one variable x but it is not a linear equation, because
Evidently, it is an

polynomial. However, it can be converted

into a linear equatnon o
LHS I1S
not a
linear below.
applying the rules for solving an equation as discussed

We have, 2x+53
3x+7 5
or
represents anumber, so 3x + 7 a number.
also represents Multiplying both sides
AS
by ( z +7) x 5 i.e., the product of n u m b e r s in t h e d e n o m i n a t o r s on LHS a n d RHS, we gr

(3x+ 7)x5x x(3x + 7) x5

5x(2 +5) 3x(3x + 7)

1 0 x +25 =9x +211
1 0 x - 9 z = 21- 25
- 4

This is the required soiution ot

2x +53
equatuO 3 +7 5
Linear Equation in One Variable 9.13
Note that in solving this equation, we have first converted it into a linearequation given
in(ii) by applying the rules of solving equations. Equation (ii)can also be obtained directly
from equation (i) by equating the product of numerator of L.H.S. and denominator ot
of denominator of L.H.S. and numerator of R.H.S. This can De
R.H.S. to the product
exhibited as follow:

t+5
3 +7
This process of multiplying L.H.S. with the denominator on R.H.S. and
the numerator on

product of the denominator on L.H.S. with the numerator on R.H.S.

1s
t to the
equating
called cross-multiplication.
It is evident from the above discussion that by using cross-multiplication we can conver

an equation of the form

at+o_ m

C*+ n
to a linear equation n(ax+ 6) = m(cx + d).

This equation can now be solved by using the rules for solving equations.
Following examples will illustrate the use of cross-multiplication in solving equations.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

2x +19
Example1 Solve 3x-2 10
Solution We have,

2a +19
3x-2 10
By cross-multiplication]
=10x(2x + 1) =9>x (3:x-2)
20x +10 = 27x-18

20x-27x = - 1 8 - 1 0
Using transposition|

-7x =-28

Dividing both sides by -7]

* =4
4 is the solution
of the given equation.
Hence, * =

Exanple 2 Solve:97
3x+ 4
2x+
Solution We have,

3x 5-4
2x +7

3x+54
2 +7 11
1x(3x+5)
=

4x (2x + 7) By cross-nultiplicationl
 9.14
Mathematics tor Ciass Vil
3 x +5 8x + 28
3x -8x =28-5 Using ransposition]
-5x= 2.3

-5x 23
-5 -5 Dividing both sides by -5]
23
5

Hence, x = - i s the solution of the given equation.

Example 3 Solve:2-x)-5(x+ 12) 8

1-7x
Solution We have,

17(2-x)-5x+12)-8
1-7*

34-17-5x-60
1-7
-22x-26 8
1-7x
1x(-22x-26) = 8x(1-7x)
[By cross-multiplication)
-22x -26 =8-56x

-22x +56x =8+26

34x 34
34 34
34 34 Dividing both sides by 34
=1
Hence, x =1 is the solution
of the given equation.
+6 -b
Example 4ove a-b a +b
Solution We have,

+b -b
a-b a+b
( z +b)z(a + b) =

(x - b)x(a -b) By cross-multiplication

z(u + b) + bla+ b) =
x(a -

b)- bla -

b)
ax +
br + ba +
b ux bx ba
=

b2
-

ux + bx ux + bx -ba + o
-

ba -62
=

-
 915

Tlenee, N The solution of the given

equator

Namples * " ( N ) (7 )
We Ihave.

14 217x - "

14+8r-
By eroS8-multiplication|

- D 14 20

equaton.
lence, 8 the soluton of the NIVen

Example6 Solve
2 10
We have,

T+2 *10

Multiplying both iles by ( Dr+ 2(r+ 10) 1.0., the lCM of r +1, x+2 and
1 0 , we get
T(rT2)10+ 1 0 ) 2 ( r + Dri 2)(* + 10)
(aD 2)(1 0)
T0)-2r Dr 2 )
2 M T0)( D
20 *0r
a 10 24r t*+ 2x +2)
210
2"23 302 31 2)
30 ir
2 23
 iass y
1 7 x = -26

* =-26
17

the solution of the given equation.

Hence, x
=-is
17

Example7 Solve: 6x"+13x-412+5x-2

c+5 4x +3

Solution We have,

6.x+13x-4 12x + 6x-2

2+ +3

(6x +13x -4) (4x +3) = (12x+5x-2) (2x + 5) (By crosSS-multiplication

= (6«+13*-4)x4x+(6a +13x-4)x3=(12x+5x-2)x 2x +(122+5x-2
243 +52x-16x +18+39x -12=24: +10-4x +60 +25x-10
24x*+70* +23x -12 24* +70x* +21x-10
24x + 70x+ 23x-24x 70«* -21* =-10+12
-

x =2
x =l|
Hence, x =1 is the solution of the given equation.

+16
Example8 Solve: 4x+17
1 8 17x-32 3
Solutio We have,
4x+17 13x-
18 17x 32

18 12 3 17a-32
LCM of 18, 12, 36 and 3, we get
Multiplying both sides by 36 i.e., the
c~ 4x+1736 x36x 36 36x36 17x-32
18

0x2
24z+17) -3x7x +x+16 +12x =36x
8 x +34 -21x +x +16 + 12x = 36X - 3 9

B y c r o s s - m u l t i p l i c a t e

50-36*\ 11x-32
50 36x3x-2)

50x(17x -32) =36(13x -2)

8 5 0 x -1600 = 468x- 72
8 5 0 x - 4 6 8 x = 1600 -72
382x 1528
1528
4
382
tenee, 4, is the solution
r
of the given equation.
 LinearEqualionin One Variable 9.17

EXERCISE 9.3
Solve the following equattons and verify your answer:

23_2 2- 3 5x-1-2
1. 3x+23 y+7 5
3.
3x

3x+= 4 2x +1
5. 2y+ 1 6.
4 2x +7 y+4 3x 2 9

1-9y
7. 19-3y8 8. 2x
3x +1 -3 9y-(3+4y)
-(7-8) _2
3

b 23 1 3x+53x
2.
+4
0. 2x-(3-4:x) 3
3x 2x 12 12 4x+2 4x+7
7x-2 7x +3 +1 3+2
13 -15x +4 14.+2 4
15.

16. - 7 - 3 x - 4
16. 3x+5 x+6 17. *2
*+5 X+6
2x-(7-52-
O 9x-(3+47)
19. 15(2-x)-5(**5)=10
1-3
20.
x-3
, + 2 =2
x-2

1 +2)(2x-3)-2x +6=99
22. *-(x+ 1)(x +2)6
-5 5x+1
(2x+3)-(5x-7) 8
23. 6x+11
24. Find a positive value of x for which the given equation is satisfied:

(i)
3 +7 2

ANSWERS
5
-11 3. .
-23 5. -1 .
-19
12 2 8 5 3

-29
19
B.
11
9.
17
10. 2 11. -10 12 -27
26
13. 15. 16. 17. 4 18.3
14. 9 2
2 3
118
12
24. (i) 2 (ii) 1
9. 20.
5
21. 22. 33 23.39
S APPLICATIONS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS TO PRACTICAL PROBLEMS
will practical problems. These
study formulation and solution of some
this section, we

D1ems involve relations among unkown quantities (variables) and known quantities
reter to these problems as
Unbers) and are often stated in words. That is why we often
word prohlems. A word problem is first translated in the form of an equation containing
or constants) and then we
e Wn quantities (variables) and known quantities numbers
discussed in the earlier section. The procedure to
tra Dy using any o n e of the methods
anslate
aue a word problem in the form
of an equauon 1s Known as the formulation of the

problem.
for Thus, the process of solving a word prodem consists ot two parts, namely,

1ormulation and solution.

The word problem:
1WIng steps should be followed to solve
a