Chapter 4 1

Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter provides a summary of findings in relation to the study's four objectives.
The first subsection presents findings on how economic factors influence car purchasing
decisions, followed by findings on how psychological factors influence consumers' decisions to
purchase cars. In the third section, we talk about how sociocultural factors affect consumers'
decisions to buy cars, and in the last section, we talk about how demographic factors affect
consumers' decisions to buy cars.
This section presents findings regarding the respondents' background information. Age,
Sex, Marital Status, Highest Educational Attainment, Monthly Income, Purpose of Purchasing
a Car, Type of Car to Purchase, Brand of Car to Purchase, and Mode of Payment of that
affects consumers' decision in purchasing a car at selected dealerships in Marikina City.
Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to Age
Age Frequency Percentage (%)

18 – 29 years old 135 33.67
30 – 39 years old 167 41.65
40 – 49 years old 69 17.21
50 – 59 years old 26 6.48
60 years old and above 4 1.00
Total 401 100.00
Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distributions of the respondents
according to age.
Age is an important factor in the purchase of a car, so it was important for the study to
include it among the variables under consideration. As shown in table 1, the majority of the
respondents in the study 167 or 41.65% of the respondents were between the ages of 30 to
39 years old, followed by 135 or 33.67% between the ages of 18 to 29 years old, 69 or
17.21% between the ages of 40 to 49 years old, 26 or 6.48% of the respondents between 50
to 59 years old and finally 4 or 1% between the ages of 60 years old and above. It is
reasonable to expect that most people will be able to purchase a car between the ages of 30
and 39 years old, so it is not surprising that most respondents fell into this category.
Habits are more likely to be activated and relied on (ByounghoJin and Yong Gu Suh.,
2017). This therefore means that age can be proxy for the amount of associate reinforcement.
Indeed, research indicates that age is associated with reductions in the individual tendency to
generate uncommon free associates and increases in the tendency to repeat a behavior
(Chang, and Wildt A.R.., 2017). Aging goes a long way to bring about certain cognitive deficits
that can be related to the increased development of and reliance on more automatic, habit-
driven behavior. Although cognitive and behavioral performances tend to slow with age, field
studies show that the real-world performance of elderly adults is usually on par with that of
young adults.
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 207 51.62
Female 194 48.38
Total 401 100.00
The findings are summarized in Table 3, which focuses on the sex of the respondents. As
can be seen in the table, many of the responses were male 207 or 51.62%, while female
made up only 194 or 48.38% percent of the total. It is fascinating to note that male drivers
make up a greater proportion of the road population than their female counterparts.
Research suggests that shopping is a more exciting activity for women with respect to
men. Female consumers feel more independent when they do shop in accordance with men.
Another point that men and women present differentiation is women consider shopping is a
social need whereas male consumers pay importance to main function of a product instead of
secondary function. Gender has an important role in consumer behavior, this for the reason
that there are differences between men and women about expectation, want, need, lifestyle
etc. reflect to their consumption behaviour (Akturan, 2019).
Table 4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to
Marital Status
Marital Status Frequency Percentage (%)
Single 248 61.85
Married 146 36.41
Separated 4 1.00
Widowed 3 0.75
Total 401 100.00
As shown from Table 4, 61.85 percent or 248 among the 401 respondents are single,
36.41 percent or 146 are married, followed by 1 percent or 4 are separated and 0.75 percent
or 3 respondents are widowed.
Table 5
Highest Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage (%)
High School Graduate 38 9.48
College Graduate 329 82.04
Master’s Degree Holder 32 7.98
Doctoral Degree Holder 2 0.50
Total 401 100.00
The results of this study are summarized in Table 5, which shows the respondents'
educational backgrounds. According to the data in the table, 329 0r 82.04% of the
respondents are college graduates, followed by 38 or 9.48% who had graduated in High
School, 32 or 7.98% percent who had a master’s degree Holder, and only 2 0r 0.50% percent
who had completed their doctoral degrees. The results of this study show that most
respondents had the necessary academic credentials, which may have influenced the kinds of
cars they chose to buy.
The findings also agree with a study by Clement & Nyovani (2014) which revealed that
College Graduate was associated with choice of consumer products. The study revealed that
College Graduates were significantly using different products than those from other
educational attainment. Although from the foregoing discussion educational attainment was
found to choose of consumer products and services, it was not clear how the inference was
arrived at. Educational Attainment will be considered in the current study as a variable. The
aim is to examine how different Educational Attainment background affects the choice of cars.
Table 6
Monthly Income
Monthly Income Frequency Percentage (%)
P 20,000.00 – P29,999.99 173 43.14
P 30,000.00 – P39,999.99 74 18.45
P 40,000.00 – P49,999.99 44 10.97
P 50,000.00 – P59,999.99 31 7.73
P 60,000 and above 79 19.70
Total 401 100.00
The results show in Table 6, 173 respondents’ 43.14 percent had a monthly income of
20,000 to 29,999.99, 79 respondents or 19.70 percent had a monthly income of 60,000 and
above, and 74 respondent’s 18.45 percent had a monthly income of 30,000 to 39,999. 99, 44
respondents, or 10.97 percent, had a monthly income of 40,000 to 49,999.99, and 31
respondents, or 7.73 percent, had a monthly income of 50,000 to 59,999.99. The results could
mean that a lot of people try to use their monthly income to get a car loan from banks and
other financing companies.
According to Autodeal (2021), Filipino citizens between 21 but not more than 65 years
old when the loan matures with a joint monthly income of at least P30,000 (P40,000 for some
banks) may apply for a car loan. If the borrower doesn’t meet the minimum monthly income, a
co-maker income can be included.
Table 7
Purpose of Purchasing a Car
Purpose of Purchasing Frequency Percentage (%)
Family and Personal Use 299 74.56
Business Use 97 24.19
Others 5 1.25
Total 401 100.00
Table 7 shows that 299 out of 401 respondents, or 74.56 percent, have a family and
personal use for purchasing a car, while 97 respondents, or 24.29 percent, have a business
use. Table 6 also shows that 5 respondents, or 1.25 percent, have decided to purchase a car
by using it for family and business, church ministries, family and church, and similar scenarios.
According to an article published in kwik.insure (2022), Family and Personal Use was
the main reason in acquiring a car.
Table 8
Type of Car Purchased
Type of Car Purchased Frequency Percentage (%)
Sedan 114 28.43
Hatchback 38 9.48
SUV 219 54.61
Others 30 7.48
Total 401 100.00
As can be seen in Table 8, out of 401 respondents, 219 (or 54.61 percent) decided to
purchase an SUV type of car, followed by 114 (or 28.43 percent) who decided to purchase a
sedan, then 38 (or 9.48 percent) of the respondents who chose the hatchback type of car, and
finally 30 (or 7.48 percent) who decided to purchase a car like a 4x4, MPV, crossover, van, or
other type of car.
Table 9
Mode of Payment
Type of Car Purchased Frequency Percentage (%)
Cash 76 18.95
Installment 241 60.10
Post Dated Check (PDC) 24 5.99
Auto Debit Account (ADA) 54 13.47
Others 6 1.50
Total 401 100.00
Table 9 shows that 241 out of 401 respondents, or 60.10 percent, have decided to use the
installment plan as a mode of payment when buying a car; 76 percent, or 18.95 percent, are
willing to pay in cash; 54 percent, or 13.47 percent, are willing to enroll in and use an Auto
Debit Account (ADA) as a mode of payment; 24 percent, or 5.99 percent, have decided to pay
with a post-dated check (PDC); and 6 respondents, or 1.5%, decides to choose other mode of
payment like salary deduction for car plan in the companies, and other online platform that
can be use as mode of payment like GCash, over the counter (OTC), paymaya, bills
payments and the like.
Filipino borrowers prefer installment payment plans for their transactions with corresponding
interest rates instead of cash payments, according to data from the Credit Information Corp.
(CIC). CIC president and chief executive officer Jaime Casto Jose Garchitorena said
installment transactions remain significant as it accounted for 65.2 percent or 36.83 million of
the available 56.48 million contract data in the country’s sole public credit registry.
Determining Social-Cultural Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer
purchasing decisions in buying a car in Marikina City.
The primary purpose of the research was to determine the social-cultural play role in the
purchasing decisions of consumers at the selected dealership in Marikina City. According to
the findings presented in Table 10. The two statements “My car purchase decision is
influenced by values shared with others” and “referring groups like car forums that shapes
attitudes and behaviors like “top gear”, influence the car of choices I buy” obtained the highest
weighted mean of 3.60 and 3.58, respectively and verbally interpreted as “Agree”.
Table 10
Social-Cultural Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
Verbal
Social-Cultural Factors Mean
Interpretation
My car purchase decision is
1 influenced by values shared with 3.60 Agree
others.
My car buying decisions are influenced
2 3.28 Neutral
by the social class I belong to.
My status in society influences my car
3 3.38 Neutral
buying decisions.
Referring groups like car forums that
shape attitudes and behaviors like
4 3.58 Agree
"top
gear", influence the car choices I buy.
The target group we want to belong to
5 inspires us to choose the car we want 3.48 Neutral
to buy.
Overall Mean 3.46 Neutral
The statements with weighted mean of 3.48 and verbally interpreted as “Neutral” is “The
target group we want to belong to inspires us to choose the car we want, followed by the
statement of “My status in society influences my car buying decision” with the weighted mean
of 3.38 and verbally interpreted as “Neutral”.
The lowest weighted mean of 3.28 and verbally interpreted as “Neutral” is “My car
buying decision are influenced by the social class I belong to”. The lowest weighted mean of
3.28 and verbally interpreted as “Neutral” is “My car buying decision are influenced by the
social class I belong to”. Other factors that influence the brand of car include different cultures,
shared values, social class, and status in society.
Adithya (2018) distinguished that incentive for cash and fulfillment are the two significant
variables for acquisition of traveler cars with respect to their socio-cultural background. Brand
name followed by prominence is the most continuous premise of choice of a brand.

Commercials are the fundamental wellsprings of information about most recent brands and
patterns. Brand is uncovered that when buyer buys a car, brand names really do impact
his/her decision (Alamgir et al., 2020). The concentrate additionally uncovers that marked cars
have an extraordinary spot in shopper mind, when clients go for buying a car, they like to buy
a notable marked car. Clients would rather not attempt new or obscure marked car since they
have not much data about the less popular brand.
In general, the respondents recognized that the social-cultural factors were “Neutral”
with the overall mean of 3.46.
Determining Demographic Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer
It can be gleaned from Table 11 that the respondent’s assessment of their level of
agreement on the factors affecting consumers' decision in purchasing a car in terms of
demographic factors is "Agree" with an overall mean of 3.87. It can also be gleaned from table
10 that out of 5 items under the variable of "Demographic factors affecting consumers'
decisions in purchasing a car", 4 items were rated as "Agree". Of these, "Changes in our lives
would affect our decisions about which car to buy" with a weighted mean of 4.09, followed by
"My personality would influence my decision on which car to buy" with a weighted mean of
4.08, and next by " My job would help me make a well-informed decision about what kind of
car I should buy" with a weighted mean of 4.03, and lastly, "My gender has an impact on the
car that I will purchase." who obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.37, were rated as
"Neutral".
Table 11
Demographic Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
Verbal
Demographic Factors Mean
Interpretation
My personality would influence my
1 4.08 Agree
decision on which car to buy.
My age would have an impact on the
2 3.76 Agree
type of car I would buy.
My gender has an impact on the car
3 3.37 Neutral
that I will purchase.
Changes in our lives would affect our
4 4.09 Agree
decisions about which car to buy.
My job would help me make a well-
5 informed decision about what kind of 4.03 Agree
car I should buy.
Overall Mean 3.87 Agree
Anandh and Sundar (2014) found that value, ease, efficiency, receptiveness, want and
need are earnestly influencing the client's overall satisfaction about little cars. Thusly, the little
car makers should in like manner focus in on regard making practices all things considered so
customers will have a prevalent perspective on nature of the brand. By uniting these factors, it
similarly conveys a helpful benefit, for instance, making a partition from industry competitors.
They need to sort out better quality and negligible cost thing since Indians are conscious
about the expense and eco-amicability. Bowman and Wesolowsky (2016) have conveyed out
a logit assessment of events connecting with a fundamental episode model which shows how
quality in both the thing and its supporting organizations, as well as the interchanges between
these factors, can impact owner objectives concerning purchases. Proactively making positive
assistance events and avoiding negative help episodes can help with additional creating client
immovability to the assistance subject matter expert and producer.
In addition to that, Armstrong and Kotler (2017) showed that dependability and quality
are interrelated, saw quality has direct effect on customer buy choice and brand devotion
particularly during the time clients have less or no data of the items that they will buy.
Banerjee et al. (2020) inferred that family pay is the excellent variable of the number and size
of cars that family purchases, other than that family size is demonstrated to be superfluous
component as it was observed that bigger family even favored more modest cars.
Baumgartner and Jolibert (2018) uncovered that the car created in West Germany got the
most elevated rating on firm perspectives in particular speed increase, wellbeing, styling and
workmanship among the Americans. Simultaneously, the Japanese car positioned most
elevated-on efficiency and dependability. Bhuwan and Nisha (2018) have tackled issue
viewpoint in regard to consumer loyalty. By and large, clients are happy with that car they use
however they likewise need to fulfill a different inside and outer variables like additional
consideration offices, area of the shops, different data gave via car vendors, notice and print
media advancements, highlights of the car in all are contributing in making car buying conduct
of clients. Organizations need to zero in on work on the quality level of their administrations,
foster the faithfulness program among seller and clients, clients and car organizations.
The demographic factors affecting consumer purchasing decisions in the car industry
were the focus of the study, which aimed to determine the factors. Personality, the gender of
consumers, age of consumers, changing life events, lifestyle, lifecycle status, and occupation
are all shown to influence consumer purchase decisions. Other factors that influence
consumer purchase decisions include changing life events. This finding suggests that
demographic factors such as personality, gender, age, changing life, level of education,
lifestyle, lifecycle status, and occupation influence the purchasing decisions of consumers.
Determining Economic Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer
According to the results of Table 12, most of the respondents' ratings of their level of
agreement on the factors affecting consumer decisions in purchasing a car in terms of
economic factors were "Agree," with an overall mean score of 4.43.
Table 12
Economic Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
Verbal
Economic Factors Mean
Interpretation
My income level has a significant
1 impact on my decision to purchase a 4.49 Agree
car.
The price of the car I will buy is a
2 4.50 Agree
deciding factor.
Maintenance costs have an impact on
3 4.39 Agree
my decision to purchase a car.
Payment options are something I will
4 4.41 Agree
think about when buying a car.
Low interest rates are critical in
5 4.38 Agree
influencing my decision to buy a car.
Each and every one of the five items that were housed within the economic factors variable
was given an "Agree" rating. Among these, "The price of the car I will buy is a deciding factor"
obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.50, followed by, "My income level has a significant
impact on my decision to purchase a car" with a weighted mean of 4.49, followed by,
"Payment options are something I will think about when buying a car" with a weighted mean of
4.41, and then by, "Maintenance costs have an impact on my decision to purchase a car" with
a weighted mean of 4.39, and next by, "Low interest rates are critical in influencing my
decision to buy a car" with a weighted mean of 4.38.
Solomon (2017) insisted individuals who have the monetary capacity to manage the cost of
costly brands not just to consume the items yet in addition to flaunt with the view to motivate
envy among others. Obvious utilization is connected with the individual's social class, for the
most part the privileged customer would buy and show elite things to hotshot their riches and
influence. They buy costly marked items like cars, most recent hardware regardless of
whether it isn't required for them to buy. White (2014) talked about the elements those plays a
crucial job in decision of car purchasers and saw that shopper haggle with vendors over cost
and seek after them to each degree to benefit motivators as well as low-interest installment
plans. Woods (2020) tracked down that car dependability decidedly affects the customers'
probability of picking a car. Srivastava and Tiwari (2021) showed that clients considered
Value, Security, Solace, Power and Pickup, Mileage, Max Speed, Styling, After Deals
Administration, Brand Name and Extra Parts Cost. Additionally informal exchange exposure
and commercials in car magazines are more powerful correspondence mechanism for
advancement of cars. Subadra et al. (2020) distinguished that driving solace and mileage are
the main highlights of a traveler car followed by accessibility of extra parts and cost of the car.
Teng (2019) showed clients inclination to buy the item, whose picture is exceptionally near
client. Also, clients are very much aware of certain brand name through promoting, from their
previous experience or data structure their companions and family members.
The primary purpose of the research was to identify the economic considerations that go
into the purchasing decisions of consumers in Marikina’s car market. It is clear from referring
to the table that the following economic factors have an impact on a consumer's decision to
make a purchase: My choice of car is influenced by factors such as the price of the car, its
location and accessibility, my level of income, the relationship between income growth and the
quality of the car, the cost of maintenance, the resale value of a car, payment options (such as
hire purchase or lease), the ease of finding a mechanic who can repair the specific car brand,
low interest rates, and the price of fuel. These findings imply that the consumer's purchasing
decision is influenced by economic factors such as level of income, price, quality of car,
maintenance costs, resale value of the car, payment options, ease of finding a mechanic who
can repair the specific car brand, interest rates, and fuel prices.
Determining Psychological Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer
Table 13
Psychological Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
Verbal
Psychological Factors Mean
Interpretation
My perception of the car and the brand
1 4.13 Agree
influence my decision to purchase a car.
My friends' and my family's enthusiasm
2 for a particular brand influence my 3.50 Neutral
decision to purchase a car.
My attitude towards a particular brand
3 of car has an effect in my decision to 3.84 Agree
purchase one.
I make a decision about whether or
4 not to buy a car based on how I feel 3.88 Agree
about the brand.
5 My decision to purchase a car is 3.78 Agree
influenced by information shared
with me by friends and co-
workers.
This study was to determine the psychological factors affecting consumer purchasing
decisions in the car industry. Table 13 further shows that; indeed, the following psychological
factors influence the purchasing decisions of cars: Of the 5 items "My perception of the car
and brand influences my decision to purchase a car", 4.13 were rated as "Agree." Of these, "I
make a decision about whether or not to buy a car based on how I feel about the brand."
obtained the weighted mean of 3.88, followed by "My decision to purchase a car is influenced
by information shared with me by friends and co-workers" with a weighted mean of 3.78, and
next by "My attitude towards a particular brand of automobile has an effect on my decision to
purchase one." with a weighted mean of 3.50 and lasty, "My friends' and my family's
enthusiasm for a particular brand influences my decision to purchase a car." with a weighted
mean of 3.50. These results suggest that a consumer's decision to buy is affected by
psychological factors like how they see the brand, how they feel about it, how innovative the
car and brand are, what they believe, and what their friends and coworkers tell them.
Peters et al. (2017) recognized mental elements that are compelling in estimating the
adjustment of conduct and assist in moving forward with filling productive car. The model was
proposed that incorporated mental factors that made sense of the acquisition of eco-friendly
cars by confidential customers. The information was gathered from 302 Swiss respondents
whose families had purchased a new car starting around 2015. Organized condition
demonstrating was utilized to affirm the variables. The fact that there is a problem makes it
assumed mindfulness, representative intentions, and reaction viability impact the separate
ways of behaving in a roundabout way through influencing the immediate indicators. The
results mirrored the notability of the emphatically esteemed highlights of innovation and
elective energy.
NEW TABLES as of 08/24/2022
Age
Table 14
ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
and the Respondents’ Age
Factors Age Mean F-value p-value Decision Interpretation
18 – 29 3.54
30 – 39 3.47
Social Failed to Difference is
40 – 49 3.34 0.880 0.476
Cultural Reject H0 Not Significant
50 – 59 3.38
60 - above 3.30
18 – 29 3.89
30 – 39 3.89
Failed to Difference is
Demographic 40 – 49 3.81 0.375 0.827
Reject H0 Not Significant
50 – 59 3.78
60 - above 3.95
18 – 29 4.43
30 – 39 4.44
Economic 40 – 49 4.41 0.233 0.920
50 – 59 4.50
60 - above 4.25
18 – 29 3.83
30 – 39 3.82
Psychological 40 – 49 3.79 0.402 0.807
50 – 59 3.96
60 - above 3.80
Note: If p-value is less than or equal to 0.05, reject H0, otherwise, failed to reject H0
Table 14 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Age. Since all of the Factors such
as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.476), Demographic (p-value = 0.827), Economic (p-value
= 0.920) and Psychological (p-value = 0.807) had the p-values greater than 0.05. This
implied that, there were no significant difference between those four Factors Affecting
Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Age.
Albeit an age contrast of outlining impact was not found, two different outcomes the
fundamental impact old enough and the cooperation impact among age and centering
condition-were huge. In particular, more seasoned grown-ups would in general choose
more auto choices and acknowledge greater costs than did more youthful and
moderately aged grown-ups, and this age distinction was bigger in the feeling center
condition. In controlling for money, the primary impact old enough was as yet huge; the
age distinction of the acknowledged absolute cost was not the aftereffect of the
distinction in pay level among the three gatherings. Accordingly, we construe that the
principal impact old enough might be connected with the feeling guideline objective in
more established grown-ups. Shafir (2013) takes note of that clients liked "picking" to
"dismissing" on the grounds that the previous was an easier errand contrasted with the
last option. Expanded gloomy inclination might bring about expanded decision aversion
(Luce, 2018). Because of a more noteworthy spotlight on the feeling guideline objective,
more established grown-ups would in general oddball less choices to keep away from
gloomy feelings in subtractive outlining. For similar explanation, they were leaned to
choose more choices to improve the close to home involvement with added substance
outlining. Concerning why the bigger age contrasts were found in the feeling center
condition, it basically came from the lessening of the choice numbers and costs
acknowledged by more youthful grown-ups in that condition. At the point when more
youthful grown-ups were told to "just think about the level of joy of the choices," it
appears to be that they strangely degraded the choices and acknowledged less choices
and costs. The specific justifications for why more youthful grown-ups were ready to
acknowledge extraordinary costs in data center condition are required to have been
investigated furtherly.
Gender
Table 15
T-test Between Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car
and the Respondents’ Gender
Factors Gender Mean t-value p-value Decision Interpretation
Social Male 3.42 Failed to Difference is
-1.166 0.770
Cultural Female 3.51 Reject H0 Not Significant
Male 3.86 Failed to Difference is
Demographic -0.231 0.075
Female 3.87 Reject H0 Not Significant
Economic 0.519 0.873
Psychological 0.395 0.597
Note: If p-value is less than or equal to 0.05, reject H0, otherwise, failed to reject H0.
Table 15 revealed the result of T-test Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Gender. Since all of the Factors
such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.770), Demographic (p-value = 0.075), Economic (p-
value = 0.873) and Psychological (p-value = 0.597) had the p-values greater than 0.05.
This implied that, there were no significant difference between those four Factors
Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Gender.
Based from the study of Kumar (2016) directed a review based research in
northern territories of India to know the significance of fascination while purchasing a
vehicle. This exploration gathered reactions from 250 clients who purchase the
Volkswagen, Maruti, Hyundai and Honda vehicles in northern states. Nonparametric
Kruskal-Wallis test is applied make contrast between purchaser of vehicle connecting
with element of procurement. This examination affirmed that security, looks, shape,
highlights and inside picture to a great extent impact the purchasing choice of vehicle
purchaser. Another study by Ziegler (2014) led research in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on
vehicle purchasers through web-based overview. Creators found that dependability of
vehicle has emphatically influence the customer buying conduct towards vehicles. They
affirm that vehicle's unwavering quality factors execution of vehicle, spare parts and
brand dependability most significant variable which impact the purchasing choice of
vehicle. Their discoveries shows that vehicle's client in Kuala Lumpur for the most part
lean toward the low cost vehicle while they pursue buy choice. Further, their
examination uncovers realities that clients are not eco-friendly vehicle buyer. Lastly, the
result was also supported by the study of Kusuma (2016) conceptualize various
boundaries those effect the buyer way of behaving of little variation vehicle. In this
exploration, creator concentrated on effect of purchaser way of behaving on buying
choice of little variation vehicles in province of Karnataka. Creator of this examination
fostered a structure of customer purchasing conduct of vehicle. System make sense of
inspiration for purchase a vehicle impacted by many element (need to buy, data
gathering state, individual inclinations, ID of option, market impact, outside impact,
monetary impact and item impact) which prompts purchase a vehicle.
Marital Status
Table 16
and the Respondents’ Marital Status
Marital
Factors Mean F-value p-value Decision Interpretation
Status
Single 3.53
Social Married 3.34 Failed to Difference is
2.315 0.075
Cultural Separated 3.60 Reject H0 Not Significant
Widowed 4.00
Single 3.90
Married 3.80 Failed to Difference is
Demographic 1.945 0.122
Separated 3.75 Reject H0 Not Significant
Widowed 4.53
Single 4.46
Widowed 4.73
Single 3.84
Widowed 3.87

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Marital Status. Since all of the
Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.075), Demographic (p-value = 0.122),
Economic (p-value = 0.356) and Psychological (p-value = 0.902) had the p-values
greater than 0.05. This implied that, there were no significant difference between
those four Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the
Respondents’ Marital Status.
Based from the words of Koonnaree Wongsiriwat (2017) makes sense of that the
reason for the review is to research the elements that affected the brand value of
extravagance totes. The discoveries of this study show that segment factors which are
orientation, age, schooling, occupation, pay, conjugal status and number of youngsters
have an extraordinary importance to mark value of extravagance purses and
psychographic factors like worth, disposition and way of life have an extraordinary
importance to mark value of extravagance satchels.
In addition to that, Ching-Yaw Chen (2015) in their review make sense of and
investigate the distinctions marital status do not affects purchasing behaviour of
customers. However, segment factors like age, training, occupation, conjugal status and
pay play a critical calculate buying choices. They thought about the speculation that
ladies of various segment factors (age, instruction, occupation, conjugal status, pay)
have massive contrasts in their buy choices (buy thought processes, wellsprings of
data, item classifications and different other options) for extravagance merchandise.
Subsequent to testing this theory, it was dismised and it was inferred that these
segment factors don't altogether affect acquisition of extravagance brands.
Highest Educational Attainment

Table 17
and the Respondents’ Highest Educational Attainment
Highest
Factors Educational Mean F-value p-value Decision Interpretation
Attainment
High
3.44
School
College 3.47 0.517 0.670
Master’s 3.45
Doctoral 2.80
Demographic High 3.76 0.564 0.639 Failed to Difference is
School Reject H0 Not Significant
College 3.87
Master’s 3.94
Doctoral 4.00
High
4.24
School
Economic College 4.45 1.921 0.126
Master’s 4.47
Doctoral 4.80
High
3.81
School
Psychological College 3.83 0.757 0.519
Master’s 3.87
Doctoral 3.20

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Highest Educational Attainment.
Since all of the Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.670), Demographic (p-value
= 0.639), Economic (p-value = 0.126) and Psychological (p-value = 0.519) had the p-
values greater than 0.05. This implied that, there were no significant difference
between those four Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the
Respondents’ Highest Educational Attainment.
Kumar, S.P. (2014), presents in his review that training status is often included in
characterizing the social class and also an independent financial variable impacting any
purchasing choice. Thus, the impression of learning on customer information search
with respect to purchasing choice of cars contemplated in this paper. This study
uncovers that educational capability of shoppers on information search in wording of
buying vehicles across the three sections has huge impacts.
Shukla, Paurav (2017), show how relational effects marking signals shape purchaser
extravagance buy expectations. With the utilization of test of English and Indian
customers, the paper analyzes design, properties and mean degrees of helplessness to
relational impacts and features the bury utilitarian communications. While regulating
relational impacts are huge in every one of the nations, the significance of enlightening
relational impacts is high just among Indian purchasers. It was seen that English
customers are subject to marking signs. Brand picture was featured to be a significant
arbitrator between regularizing relational impacts and extravagance buy aims in the two
nations. Subsequently, effect of culture on acquisition of extravagance brands was
thought about however other segment factors were not viewed as in this review. This
study features how acquisition of extravagance brands relies upon measure of
abundance yet different perspectives like age, occupation, culture, character, orientation
and culture have not been thought of.
Monthly Income
Table 18
and the Respondents’ Monthly Income
Monthly
Income
P20,000.00
– 3.52
P29,999.99
P30,000.00
– 3.43
P39,999.99
Social P40,000.00 Failed to Difference is
1.071 0.371
Cultural – 3.47 Reject H0 Not Significant
P49,999.99
P50,000.00
– 3.60
P59,999.99
P60,000
3.33
and above
P20,000.00
– 3.81
P29,999.99
P30,000.00
– 3.88
P39,999.99
P40,000.00 Failed to Difference is
Demographic 1.031 0.391
– 3.87 Reject H0 Not Significant
P49,999.99
P50,000.00
– 4.02
P59,999.99
P60,000
3.93
and above
P20,000.00
– 4.31
P29,999.99
P30,000.00
– 4.54
P39,999.99
P40,000.00 Difference is
Economic 4.013 0.003 Reject H0
– 4.51 Significant
P49,999.99
P50,000.00
– 4.57
P59,999.99
P60,000
4.52
and above
P20,000.00
– 3.77
P29,999.99
P30,000.00
– 3.89
P39,999.99
P40,000.00 Failed to Difference is
– 3.80 Reject H0 Not Significant
P49,999.99
P50,000.00
– 3.92
P59,999.99
P60,000
3.87
and above

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Monthly Income. Since the Factors
such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.371), Demographic (p-value = 0.391) and
Psychological (p-value = 0.555) had the p-values greater than 0.05. This implied that,
there were no significant difference between those three Factors Affecting
Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Monthly Income.
Meanwhile, Economic Factor (p-value = 0.003) has the p-value less than 0.05. Since
the p-avlue of Economic Factor was less than 0.05, it can be deduced that there was
significant difference between Economic Factor as it affect Consumers’ Decision in
Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Monthly Income.
Income is unrivaled determinant of buying conduct (Dorota, 2013) .The degree of pay
influence the way of life and disposition of a customer. An individual with big league
salary buy costly item and these with low pay like to purchase item with lower cost.
Higher Income level's buying conduct has a negative relationship with PLBs. while the
lower Income levels have negative connection connected with buying PLBs items (Paul
s., Trun K., and Alan, 2016).
Purpose of Purchasing a Car

Table 19
and the Respondents’ Purpose of Purchasing a Car
Factors Purpose Mean F-value p-value Decision Interpretation
Family and 3.4930
Social Personal Failed to Difference is
0.866 0.421
Cultural Business 3.3897 Reject H0 Not Significant
Others 3.2400
Demographic Family and 3.8903 1.929 0.147 Failed to Difference is
Personal Reject H0 Not Significant
Business 3.8186
Others 3.4000
Family and 4.4528 Difference is
Personal Failed to Not Significant
Business 4.3918 Reject H0
Others 4.1200
Family and 3.8669 Difference is
Personal Failed to Not Significant
Business 3.7072 Reject H0
Others 3.7600

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Purpose of Purchasing a Car.
Respondents’ Purpose of Purchasing a Car.
Many examinations have explored factors that impact buyers' expectation to

make a buy. Studies have zeroed in on such factors as item marks (Beneke, 2018)
what's more, insight (Gourville and Soman, 2017). With respect to item esteem writing,
Dodds and Monroe (2015) investigated fundamental ideas connecting with item esteem,
furthermore, suggested that shoppers will wish to buy items with high worth, conversely,
customers have little wish to buy items with low worth. Esteem doesn't demonstrate the
cost of an item, yet is fairly buyers' impression of an item's genuine worth. Item worth
can straightforwardly impact readiness purchase (Dodds et al., 2021). Taking a vehicle
for instance, when a vehicle has utility esteem, including transportation or improvement
of individual status, buy conduct will happen. In any case, various people have
contrasting view of the worth of similar items, which is the aftereffect of their own
abstract perception. Contrasting individual discernments may influence morals (Kurt and
Hacioglu, 2020) and client reliability and fulfillment (Yang and Peterson, 2019).
Type of Car to Purchase

Table 20
and the Respondents’ Type of Car to Purchase
Type of
Car
Social Sedan 3.56 3.673 0.012 Reject H0 Difference is
Cultural Hatchback 3.33 Significant
SUV 3.48
Others 3.09
Sedan 3.94
Hatchback 4.00 Difference is
Demographic 2.657 0.048 Reject H0
SUV 3.84 Significant
Others 3.64
Sedan 4.54
Economic 5.573 0.001 Reject H0
Others 4.09
Sedan 3.95
Psychological 5.555 0.001 Reject H0
Others 3.47

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Type of Car to Purchase. Since all
of the Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.012), Demographic (p-value =
0.048), Economic (p-value = 0.001) and Psychological (p-value = 0.001) had the p-
values less than 0.05. It can be deduced that, there were significant difference
Respondents’ Type of Car to Purchase.
According to Kapferer and Bastien (2019), extravagance products do not

characterize flawlessness, however merchandise that have an effect. Not the cost of the
ware is proposed to the client. Chevalier and Mazzalovo (2018) brought up that few
distinct areas of activity would order extravagance as (a). The style of extravagance (b).
Spirits and Champagne (c). Car Luxury (d). The travel industry of Luxury (e). Leisure
activities of extravagance". A Luxury vehicle in showcasing is a term for a vehicle that
offers extravagance at a rising cost, past the severe prerequisite, alluring and well
disposed highlights. The term can allude to a wide range of vehicles in unintentional
use, including cars, roadster, hatchback, station carts, and convertible body styles, as
well as minivans, hybrids, or game utility vehicles and any size vehicle, from huge to
little and at any cost range. Dubois and Laurent (2014) and Tidwell and Dubois (2016)
expressed that socioeconomics, ways of life, social conditions, as well as extravagance
allies and advertisers influence the impression of luxury. The reason for purchasing is
the motivation for shoppers to choose a particular brand in an item classification in a
specific purchasing situation.
Brand of Car to Purchase

Table 21
and the Respondents’ Brand of Car to Purchase
Brand of
Car
Ford 3.39
Mitsubishi 3.58
Nissan 3.39 0.946 0.437
Suzuki 3.40
Toyota 3.50
Ford 3.84
Mitsubishi 3.95
Demographic Nissan 3.79 0.846 0.496
Suzuki 3.81
Toyota 3.89
Ford 4.37
Mitsubishi 4.40
Economic Nissan 4.52 0.794 0.530
Suzuki 4.41
Toyota 4.45
Ford 3.88
Mitsubishi 3.80
Psychological Nissan 3.83 0.269 0.898
Suzuki 3.78
Toyota 3.82

Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Brand of Car to Purchase. Since
the p-value of Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.437), Demographic (p-value
values greater than 0.05. It can be deduced that, there were no significant difference
Respondents’ Brand of Car to Purchase.
Based from the words of Marjit, Beladi and Kabiraj (2017), brand name shows
the wellspring of the item. A brand mindful purchaser can separate the item from its
rival. On the off chance that the brand name is predominant, the client is prepared to
follow through on the significant expense, because of the confidence in the brand name.
A brand name impacts the client decision, however, the result above were different. The
image or logo makes it capable for the memorable clients the organization and its items.
This is exceptionally useful for the organizations in making a spot in the clients mind for
its items and gets sincerely associated with the specific brand name and image.
According to Papanastassiu and Rouhani (2016), in vehicle industry brand image is the
recognizable proof of every one of the brand. Larger part of the client perceive the
marked vehicle through brand logo or image since all brands vehicles can resemble the
other the same when it comes to shape and varieties. In some cases it is difficult for the
clients to distinguish the vehicle producing organization. In this regard the brand logo
makes a distinction and clients can without much of a stretch perceive the brand
through image. Individuals recall the brand name through brand logo and it additionally
makes brand mindfulness. Individuals have close to home association with notable
brand logo and it likewise characterized the client's way of life and status in the general
public.
Mode of Payment
Table 22
and the Respondents’ Mode of Payment
Mode of
Payment
Cash 3.30
Installment 3.51
Post-Dated
Social 3.50 Failed to Difference is
Check 1.299 0.270
Auto Debit
3.49
Account
Others 3.23
Cash 3.76
Installment 3.90
Post-Dated
3.80 Failed to Difference is
Demographic Check 0.974 0.422
Auto Debit
3.93
Account
Others 3.80
Cash 4.22
Installment 4.46
Post-Dated
4.53 Difference is
Economic Check 4.247 0.002 Reject H0
Significant
Auto Debit
4.59
Account
Others 4.20
Cash 3.70
Installment 3.87
Post-Dated
3.83 Failed to Difference is
Psychological Check 1.200 0.310
Auto Debit
3.81
Account
Others 3.80
Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Mode of Payment. Since the p-
value of Economic Factor (p-value = 0.002) was less than p-value of 0.05, this implied
that there was a significant difference between Economic Factor as it affect
Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Mode of Payment.
Furthermore, Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.270), Demographic (p-value =
0.422) and Psychological (p-value 0.310) had the p-values greater than 0.05. It can be
deduced that, there were no significant difference between those three Factors
Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Mode of
Payment.
As per Hayashii and Klee (2013), the utilization of installment instruments in the
US is firmly connected with the utilization of new advances. They accept that the
decision of instrument relies upon the capability of the exchange (worth and strategy for
installment presented by the trader/acceptor or the presence or nonappearance of a
clerk). Bonnie and François (2016), in light of a study of French customers, examine the
huge impact of exchange qualities on the decision of installment strategies. They accept
that the attributes of the instruments firmly impact the decision of instrument. They find
proof of a specialization impact connected with the kind of products and the spot of
procurement, in light of a review of installment card shoppers, distinguished customers'
degree of trust in monetary foundations and their evaluation of the gamble of
misrepresentation or information burglary as the main determinants of the readiness to
impact non-cash installments. Thus, the writing shows that non-cash turnover is lower in
Germany, where monetary organizations are somewhat skeptical, in spite of the great
mechanical level of the country's monetary area. These examinations show that the
general degree of improvement of the monetary area, or at least, the complete number
of exchanges, has a positive distinction on the improvement of non-cash exchanges.
Simultaneously, these investigations highlight critical deferred impacts, which might be
ascribed to current buyer propensities (Goczek and Witkowski, 2016). The above
survey demonstrates a separated methodology toward factors impacting the decision of
installment techniques; in this manner, it is legitimate to break down the given subject,
with a specific accentuation on the affecting elements as per the exchange measure.
Notes:
• There is Significant Difference in Economic Factor under Monthly Income
• Should it be Type of Car Purchased or really Type of Car to Purchase?
• Same with Brand of Car (Purchased or to Purchase?) diba past tense kasi nakabili na
sila?
• There is Significant Difference in all Factors under Type of Car to Purchase
There is Significant Difference in Economic Factor under Mode of Payment
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONSLUSION and RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the research summary of the research work conducted,
the conclusions drawn and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of the study.
Summary of Findings
Based on the results of the study the following findings were summarized:
1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age
As shown in table 1, the majority of the respondents in the study 167 or 41.65%
of the respondents were between the ages of 30 to 39 years old.
1.2 Gender
Based from Table 2, many of the responses were male 207 or 51.62%, while
female made up only 194 or 48.38% percent of the total.
1.3 Marital Status
Based from Table 4, most or 61.85 percent or 248 among the 401 respondents
were Single.
1.4 Highest Educational Attainment
Based from Table 5, most of the respondents were College graduates.
1.5 Monthly Income
Based from Table 6, most of the respondents had a monthly income of 20,000 to
29,999.99.
1.6 Purpose of Purchasing a Car
Based from Table 7, most of the respondents’ purpose of purchasing a car was
for family and personal use.
1.7 Type of Car to Purchase
Based from Table 8, most of the respondents’ decided or may purchase SUV
type of car.
1.9 Mode of Payment

Based from Table 9, most of the respondents prefer the installment plan as mode
of payment in purchasing a car.
2. Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car in terms of:
2.1 Social-Cultural Factor
Based from Table 10, respondents recognized that the social-cultural factors
were “Neutral” with the overall mean of 3.46.
2.2 Demographic Factor
According to the results of Table 11, that the respondent’s assessment of their
level of agreement on the factors affecting consumers' decision in purchasing a
car in terms of demographic factors is "Agree" with an overall mean of 3.87.
2.3 Economic Factor
According to the results of Table 12, most of the respondents' ratings of their
level of agreement on the factors affecting consumer decisions in purchasing a
car in terms of economic factors were "Agree," with an overall mean score of
4.43.
2.4 Psychological Factor
Based from Table 13, the overall computed weighted mean was 3.83 with verbal
interpretation of Agree. This implied that, respondents had “Agree” that
Psychological Factor affects consumer decisions in purchasing a car.
3. Assessment of Significant Difference between Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision
in Purchasing a Car when Grouped according to profile variables
3.1 Age
Since all of the Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.476), Demographic
(p-value = 0.827), Economic (p-value = 0.920) and Psychological (p-value = 0.807) had
the p-values greater than 0.05. This implied that, there were no significant difference
Respondents’ Age.
3.2 Gender
Respondents’ Gender.
3.3 Marital Status
Respondents’ Marital Status.
3.4 Highest Educational Attainment
Respondents’ Highest Educational Attainment.
3.5 Monthly Income
Since the Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.371), Demographic (p-value =
0.391) and Psychological (p-value = 0.555) had the p-values greater than 0.05. This
implied that, there were no significant difference between those three Factors
Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Monthly
Income. Meanwhile, Economic Factor (p-value = 0.003) has the p-value less than 0.05.
Since the p-value of Economic Factor was less than 0.05, it can be deduced that there
was significant difference between Economic Factor as it affect Consumers’ Decision
in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Monthly Income.
3.6 Purpose of Purchasing a Car
Respondents’ Purpose of Purchasing a Car.
3.7 Type of Car to Purchase
values less than 0.05. It can be deduced that, there were significant difference
Respondents’ Type of Car to Purchase.
3.8 Brand of Car
Since the p-value of Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.437), Demographic (p-
value = 0.496), Economic (p-value = 0.530) and Psychological (p-value = 0.898) had
the p-values greater than 0.05. It can be deduced that, there were no significant
difference between those four Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a
Car and the Respondents’ Brand of Car to Purchase.
3.9 Mode of Payment
Since the p-value of Economic Factor (p-value = 0.002) was less than p-value of 0.05,
this implied that there was a significant difference between Economic Factor as it
affect Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’ Mode of
Payment. Furthermore, Factors such as Social Cultural (p-value = 0.270), Demographic
(p-value = 0.422) and Psychological (p-value 0.310) had the p-values greater than 0.05.
It can be deduced that, there were no significant difference between those three
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision in Purchasing a Car and the Respondents’
Mode of Payment.
Conclusion
Recommendation

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Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

decisions, followed by findings on how psychological factors influence consumers' decisions to

consumers' decisions to buy cars.

affects consumers' decision in purchasing a car at selected dealerships in Marikina City.

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distributions of the respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

etc. reflect to their consumption behaviour (Akturan, 2019).

or 3 respondents are widowed.

cars they chose to buy.

respondents, or 10.97 percent, had a monthly income of 40,000 to 49,999.99, and 31

other financing companies.

co-maker income can be included.

the main reason in acquiring a car.

other type of car.

payments and the like.

Determining Social-Cultural Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer

purchasing decisions in buying a car in Marikina City.

purchasing decisions of consumers at the selected dealership in Marikina City. According to

of 3.38 and verbally interpreted as “Neutral”.

shared values, social class, and status in society.

name followed by prominence is the most continuous premise of choice of a brand.

have not much data about the less popular brand.

with the overall mean of 3.46.

Determining Demographic Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer

purchasing decisions in buying a car in Marikina City.

agreement on the factors affecting consumers' decision in purchasing a car in terms of

immovability to the assistance subject matter expert and producer.

Determining Economic Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer

purchasing decisions in buying a car in Marikina City.

agreement on the factors affecting consumer decisions in purchasing a car in terms of

economic factors were "Agree," with an overall mean score of 4.43.

decision to buy a car" with a weighted mean of 4.38.

previous experience or data structure their companions and family members.

Determining Psychological Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions consumer

purchasing decisions in buying a car in Marikina City.

Table 14 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Table 15 revealed the result of T-test Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Table 16 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Highest Educational Attainment

Table 17 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Table 18 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Purpose of Purchasing a Car

Table 19 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

Many examinations have explored factors that impact buyers' expectation to

Type of Car to Purchase

Table 20 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

According to Kapferer and Bastien (2019), extravagance products do not

Brand of Car to Purchase

Table 21 revealed the result of ANOVA Between Factors Affecting Consumers’

SUMMARY, CONSLUSION and RECOMMENDATION

1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents

of the respondents were between the ages of 30 to 39 years old.

female made up only 194 or 48.38% percent of the total.

1.3 Marital Status

1.4 Highest Educational Attainment