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    ML Aggarwal Vol 1 189 Thru 205

    Uploaded by

    Prodyot Kumar Mitra

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ‘TRIGONOVETRY Ac189 fan2x + tan x (ijtan 3x = tan @x +2) = (SRS tans 2tanx+tanx-tan?x Stan. T= tan? x= 2tan?x T-3tntx 3.6.4 Trigonometric functions of submultiples of numbers Replacing x by FF in the results of articles 3.6.1 and 3.6.2, we get ( sinx=2sin 5 cos > 2 sg Es ati ii) cos x = cost = — sin? = (ii) 5 5 tant i) sin x= <2 1+ tan? > 3.6.5 Trigonometric functions of some special angles @ sin g°= B= (19 con 36° = +1 (iii) cos 18°. (iv) sin 36° = Proof. (i) Let x = 18°, then 5x = 5 x 18° = 90° e+ 3x = 9? = We = 90 3 = sin 2x = sin (90° ~ 3x) => sin 2x = cos 3x = 2sin x cos x= 4 cos x= 3 cos x = 2sinx=4 cot x-3 (as x = 18°, cos x # 0) = 2sinx=4(1-sin?x)-3 = 4sin? x +2 sin x-1=0, which is a quadratic in sin x. _ rat aa CD _-24 V0 _-14.5 aaa 2x4 4 4 As x = 18°, which lies in the first quadrant, sin x > 0. sin x = =! & sin 19°= E=1, 4 4 () We know that cos 2x = 1-2 sin? x = cos 36° = 1-2 sin? 18° (put x = 18°) 2 Borel e> (1) (esing (0) -12 _ 8-(+1- eee (B-1F Gale 25) 24245 5 UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS» (il) cos 18° = = sin? 18° (Taking +ve value) est 18°\e: (= 4 16 = eecesTesa) 25) jae re cos 18° ee (fo) sin 36° = i= cos? 36° (Taking #ve value) pada oe? =: (2) 16— ieee) quae 2. -sin 36° = “10-25 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Example 1. Prove that : @ sin 2x + 2 sin 4x + sin 6x = 4 cos? x sin 4x (i sin 3x + sin 2x sin x = 4 sin x cos 4 cos 3% Solution. (i) LHS. = (sin 6x + sin 2x) + 2 sin 4x = 2 sin 4x cos 2x + 2 sin 4x = 2 sin 4x (cos 2x + 1) = 2 sin 4x ((2 cos? x - 1) + 1) = 4 cos? x sin 4x = RHS. (i) LHS, = (in 3x - sin x) + sin 2x = 2 cos 2x sin x + 2 sin x cos x =2 sin x (cos 2x + cos x) =2 sin x.2 cos 3% cos P x = 4 sin x cos = cos a Example 2 Pro tat (24 [2F2ERH =2 008 x,0<3< 3, = b+ ee 2aeos ax = + Jacana = Priest = fide = Rants =2 cos x =RHS, Example 3. If tan x = ©, then find the value of ee ee Solution. Given tan x = ae, face tree Hage ean [i=in = ae Solution. LHS. ~ SAL (1+ tanx) + (I~ tan ~ Ya= aa =e 2eosr__ __2eosx ps Yeo? x=sin? x Veos2x Example 4. Prove that J3 cosec 20°— sec 20° = 4. - 1 _ ¥c0s20° Polntion: LS = TE ae aaa. Danaea sin 60° cos 20° — cos 60°si ‘sind sin4o° sin40* Example 5. Prove that : ( sm asin de sin Sx. sin 3x + sin x sin? x — cos” x cos 5x — cos =2sinx (ii) = fan x sinx—sin 3x _ sin 3x~sin x Solution, OLS. = a y= cow x caste —sin?x 2cos 2x sin x os 2 Sn — 2 sins -RHS. (sin 5x +in x) -2sin 3x _ 2 sin 3x cos 2x ~ 2 sin 3x (i) beg = cos 5x — cos x =2 sin 3x sin 2x = Apcos2x 2sin? x) sin Sinzx ~~ Bsinx cos eae = tanx=RHS. Example 6. Prove that tan x me ( WASH IMIE «4 695 2x 00s 4x (i) tan dx = At te’ 9) ‘an Sx tan 3x T- 6 tan? x + tant x sun kc RAE cos 5x * cos 3 _ sin Sx cos 3x 4-c08 Sx sin 3x sinSx_ sin3¥ ~ sin 5x cos 3x— cos 5x in 3 cos 5x cos 33 Solution. (i) LHS. sin (6x43x) _sin8x _ 2sin 4x cos 4x sinGx-3x) sin2x sin 2x = 2sBein 2x 008 21-0084 _ 4 06 De cos dx = RH. sae () LMS. = tan dee BEE stan 2 = 280 EE eat UNDERSTANDING ISC. MATHEMATICS -> Brample 7, Prove hat 282 =1 sec 8r-1 _ cos Oy sec 4x1 T cos 4x Solution. LHS. =cos8x cos4x _ 2sin?4x cos4x ‘cosdx " cos8x 2sin? 2x cos8x 2sin4x cosdx)(_sindx_)_ sin8x cos 8x Dein? 2x) cos8x” sin 8x cos 2x cos Bx ° sin 2x Example 8. Prove that tan (+ z tan®+tanx tan —tanx 6 - i-tanEtanx 1+tantane 4 Solution. LHS. ietanx f Soe ee (+ tn = 1) (1+ tana)? + (1-tanx)? (= tana) (I+ tanz) (1+ 2tanx tan? x) + (1-2 tans + tan® x) T- tan? x 2 Pe sec 2x = RHS. Totantz cose Example 9. Prove that tan x tan & -) fan (+5) tan 3x. fG-tanx V3 +tanx “Te Btanx 1-3 tanx tanx(3— tan? x) _ Stanx~ tan’ x T= Stan? x 1 3tan? x = tan 3x = RHS. = tan x Example 10. Prove the following : (0 tan x + tan( $+) ~ tan %—) = 3 tn 3 3 (ii) cot 01 + cot(60° + a) + cot(120° + a) = 3 cot 3a. Solution. (f) LHS. = tan x + tan| (E+ x) = tan (- ] tanZ+tanx tan Z~tanx = tan + ——-— tanZtanx 1+tanStanx 3 5 See TALIOR: Sstanx _-tans —VBtanx 1+ 3tanx (3 + tanx)(1 + V3 tan x) — (1 - ¥3 tan x3 - tan) G=Btanxyl+ V3 tanx) =tanx+ =tanx+ stanx+ = Stanx—3tan? x 4 3tanx—tan? x © 7B tan? aSStan?x (ii) LHS. = cot 01 + cot(60° + a) + cot(120° + a) ee tana." tan(60°+a) » tan(l20°+@) 1_, 1+ tané0®tano , 1 tan 120° tan tana" tan60°+tana "tan 120°+ tana. =3 tan 3x = RHS. 1_,12¥B tana , 1-C¥3)tana tana” VS+tana V3 +tana (+s tan 120° = tan(180° — 60°) = ~tan 60° = 1_, @-yBtana)(-V5 + tana) + (1+ V3 tanay(v5 + tana) a. ae (8 + tan ay(—V + tana) 1, Stana__tan?o~3+8tan?a tana tan?a-3 tana(tan®a—3) Stanta-3__ 4 _1-3tan?a ieee tena—3tna Stana—tana, il tana =3 cot3a=RHS. 1 1 Example 11. 1f2 cos y= x + 2, prove that cos 3y = H{2+3) Solution. cos 3y = 4 cos? y ~ 3 cos y = cos y (4 cos? y ~ 3) 0s y [2 cos ¥)? 3] (+2) e214 = ee (ca iE |- fier 3(0+4). Example 12. (j) Show that 2 sin’ B + 4 cos(a. + B) sin o& sin B + cos 2(a + B) = cos 20. i) If cos 0+ cos B= Solution. (i) LHS = sin cc + sin B, then prove that cos 20+ cos 2B + 2 cas (a. + B) = 0. = 2 sin? B + 4 cos(a + B) sin a sin B + cos 2(a + B) = 2sin? B + 4(cos a cos B ~ sin a sin B) sin a sin B + cos 20. cos 2B ~ sin 20: sin 28 = 2sin® B + 4 cos a cos 6 sin o: sin B ~ 4 sin® o sin® B + cos 20. cos 2B ~ sin 20 sin 28 = 2 sin? B (1 —2 sin? a) + (2 sin a cos a) (2 sin B cos B) + cos 2a. cos 2B ~ sin 20: sin 2B UNDERSTANDING [SC MATHEMATICS - xi (1 ~ cos 28) cos 20+ sin 20: sin 2B + cos 2a cos 28 - sin 2c sin 2B Cos 20 ~ cos 2a cos 2B + cos 21 cos 28 = cos 20. = RHS. (Given cos a + cos sin a + sin B = (cos a + cos 8)? ~ (sin a + sin B)? = 02 — 02 > (cos? a ~ sin? a) + (cos® B - sin? B) + 2 cos a cos B-2 sin asin B = 0 > cos 2a + cos 2B + 2 cos (a +B) =0. Example 13. Ifa cos 26 +b sin 20 = c has o and B its roots, then prove that tan c+ tan B = oh Solution. Given a cos 20 +b sin 20 = ¢ itan?o ,, 2tano Trtan?6 ** T+ tan?6 = (@ +0) tan? @ - 25 tan 0 + (c~ a) = 0, which is a quadratic in tan 6 2) Since a and B are roots of the given equation i, «and B are values of 8, therefore, tan 0. and tan B are roots of equation (i. 2 + tana + tan = 2 > = c= a(l ~ tan? @) + 2b tan @ = c(1 + tan? 6) Example 14. Prove that cos? x + cos? (2+3) +a? (= 1+ cos 2{x+ = sca(e 2 Solution. LHS, = 1*°82% , ( + c08 2: = 2 cos? x =1 5 cos! x = | E 3[S+oeze+(on[2e+38)-on(2s24)) z 3 3 Ee ee ee 1 =e + 200s 38 spr +2.cos 5 cos [2+ cosax+2.0s a5 cos 2] 113 + cos2x +2.cos 2x08 (-3)] [5+ cos2x2eo2sor2] = 2]s.rea2s 200024. RHS. Example 15. Prove that : sin? x + sin? +) are (Fx) == 3 sine Solution. We know that sin 3x = 3 sinx—4 sin’ x= sin?x = 2( cin x ~ sin 3x) LHS. ints + sin? (2845) + sint (S42) = 4G sin x—sin 3x) + j[pea(28++)-snex+ 39] + 3px (B+2)-sinan+ 9 ‘TRIGONOMETRY SSA: sing sin3x + 2sin(n-+x)cos] sing —sindx + 2(-sinx).2] [sin x ~sin 3x ~ sin x] ~ $ sin 3x =RHS. Example 16. Prove that: (1408 BY r+con5E (1 oS? A-196 UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS— xi ; (2 + bP 292) Example 18. Prove that ( cos 4 (ii) sin 4x = 4 sin x cos? x - 4 cos x sin’ x (iti) cos 6x = 32 cos x ~ 48 cost x + 18 cost x -1 (i) cos 5x = 16 cos x ~ 20 cos? x + 5 cos x. Solution. (i) cos 4x = cos (2 x 2x) = 1 - 2 sin? 2x Ce = 1-22 sin x cos x2 = 1-8 sin? x cos? x, 1-8 sin? x cos? x 2 sin? x) Gd) sin 4x = sin (x + x) = sin 3x cos x + cos 3x sin x = G sin x ~4 sin? x) cos x + (4 cos? x — 3 cos a) sin x = 4 sin x cos? x 4 cos x sin? x. (ii) cos 6x = cos (2 x 3x) ~ 2 cos? 3x - 1 (Cr cos 2x = 2 cos? x — 1) = 2(4 cos? x - 3 cos x)= 1 = 2(16 cos® x + 9 cos? x ~ 24 cost x) —1 = 32 cos x ~ 48 cos! x + 18 cost x — 1, (f) cos Sx = cos (2x + 3x) = cos 2x cos 3x ~ sin 2x sin 3x = @ cos? x ~ 1) (4 cos? x 3 cos x) — 2 sin x cos x (3 sin x ~ 4 sin? x) = 8 cos? x — 10 cos? x + 3 cos x ~ 6 cos x sin? x + 8 cos x sin# x = 8 cos5 x10 cos? x + 3 cos x ~6 cos x (1 cos? 2) +8 cos x (1 ~ cos? x}? = 8 cos! x ~ 10 cos? x +3 cos x ~ 6 cos x + 6 cos) x + 8 008 x — 16 cos? x +8 cos? x = 16 cos x ~ 20 cos? x + 5 cos x. Example 19. Prove that : ise aa! Opes sing sin = as {+ cos x = 2 cos? + 008% pay Solution. (i) LHS. A197 Solution. Given cos x = cos a. cos f= cos B Pinte 1itenty _ coo, 5 Bae ons TrmntB~ coca Applying componendo and dividendo, we get (mH en UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS» le 22. If tan ( 3) tan? s) tid sin x = 3sint sin? a Example 22. If ton (5 +2) = tn a sin x = Stn a sive Sel = tent Solution. Gi en tan (E42) tat sya) = oy ~ ttn? [i+tan’ eee | D Een® [isua® tnd (1nd cosz+sin= (cos + sin ~~} 3-2 (squaring both sides) cos —sin* | coe ain 2 2 23 cosZ+sin=) (co + ein ® => 2 = 2 foe we oosg-sing | "| [cos ain 1+2sinZcos? (142sin“ cos. =o ee eae at 1-2sinScos= | 1~2sin “cos 785 2sin cos I sinx _ (1+sing)® > eine” Gein) = @issinx)—(-sins) _ (1+ sing)? — (sing)? (+ sinx)+(1=sinx) (1+ sina)? + (= sina)® 2sinx _ 6sina + 2sin3q Tat Boe ecu z A = sine a 38natsin?a 1+ 3sin? a 08: Example 23. If cos 0 + Prove that tae & Tews cose Salle Sister FET eet € 008 8 cos @ = cos f—e s = 00s ~ 1, Lievsdeoso => €(1-cos 6 cos 4) Ss ea Galant Lhe _ 1=cosbe039 + cos cos _ (1+ cost -cos6) l-e 1 cos 6 cos@ — (cos — cos) (1 cos @)(1 + cos) 20s? # asin? ® tan? lte aaa eat OS Ee pete emneeriaungy = tan? 2 a1? tayo =e ent 2am? oa 2 Te 2 Example 24. if tan X= fan, prove that cos x = 208440 a+ bose Solution. Given tan == |#=) ja, & Bx) 1 tan? = LHS. = cos x= ——_2= Tet (osing @) ‘TRIGONOMETRY g A199 14 tan? scsath Rus, Tount® atbeosa n 2 ee ; 2 Example 25. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b, find sine + y) (ii) 00s (e+ y) (iii) cos (x - y). Solution. sin x + sin y=a—>2sin *+¥ cos *># =a vf) cos x + cos y = b =» 2 cos =*¥ cos ==¥ =p (2) Dividing (1) by (2), we get Eee tan 25 2 tan 2t¥ p (@ sin (x +) = on 1+ tan? 234 (i cos (+ y) Gif) Squaring the given equations and adding, we get (Gin x + sin y)? + (cos x + cos y= a? +b? sin? x + sin? y +2 sin x sin y + cos? x + cos? y + 2 cos x cos y = 0? + (sin? x + cos? 2) + (sin? y + cos? y) + 2(cos x cos y + sin x sin y) =a +P 1#142(cosx-y=e+P 2 cos (x -y) =a + B-2 +b a2 | 2 Houdag cos (& - y) = Example 26. Show that cot % — 3 cot = Solution. LHS. = cot > A200 UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS —Xi Example 27. Prove that cot A— tan A = 2 cot 2A and deduce that tan @+ 2 tan 20 +4 tan 4a + 8 cot 80 = cot 5 cos sinA _ cost A~sin? A cos2A, Solution. cot A — tan A = Ue — Sat — Soo An sin oan 2 cot 2A cot A - tan A = 2 cot 2A onli) Now cot a ~ (tan o +2 tan 20 + 4 tan 4a) = (cot a ~ tan @) ~ (2 tan 2a. + 4 tan 4a) = 2 cot 20 - (2 tan 2a + 4 tan 40) (using () = 2 (cot 2a ~ tan 201) — 4 tan 4er 2 (2 cot 4a) ~ 4 tan dex (using (#) = 4 (cot 4a — tan 4a) = 4 (2 cot 8a) (using () = cota =tana +2 tan 20+ 4 tan do +8 cot 80, Example 28, Find the value of tan $ Solution. We know that tan 2x 7k Putting x = 4 in the above identity, we get x 2tan® tan $= ——8_ 1 = 2, where y = tan = di ta Bee 1 8 : = 1-=2y 3 P+2y-1-0 2 (2? 4x1 xCD nye 2x1 2 = tan B= V2 -1,-s2 -1 2 1442. Since a lies in the first quadrant, tan 7. is positive, = ton B= Example 29. Prove that tan “ A243 4+ JE +06. Me _ tan BE = cos TRIGONOMETRY == = 241+ V3 _ V2 +43 +3 +0 Wa-1 3-63 +0) = NG 42ND 34 Be VB 41 _ 2V2 +213 + 442V6 = 2 = V2 +13 +2+¥6 = 12+ 13 +/4+V6 = RHS. Example 30. Prove that - gin BE (i) sin SG + sin i 8 stn 62h 70 (ii) cos? 66° — sin? 6° (ii) sin 12° sin 48° sin 54° = = Solution. () LHS. = sin pt sin GF = sin Ft sin(ne SE =RHS. (i) LEIS. = cos? 66° ~ sin? 6° = cos (66° + 6°) cos (66° - 6°) [+s cos? x = sin? y = cos (x + y) cos (x — y)] = cos 72° cos 60° = sin 18°. 4 cnet 4.81 pus (i) LHS. = 2 sin 48° sin 12°) sin (90° ~ 36°) + Flcos (48° ~ 12°) ~ cos (48° + 129) cos 36° = Fe0s 36° — cos 60°) cos 36° -(82 2\ 4 Example 31. Prove that (0 ews 36° cos 72° ens 108° cas 144°= ii) cos 6° cos 42° eos 65° cos 78°= Solution. (i) L.H.S. = cos 36° cos (90° — 18) cos (90° + 18°) cos (180° ~ 36°) cos 36° sin 18° (— sin 18°) (cos 36°) = (cos 36° sin 18°)? #1) (52) -(2)=g-ams UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS — 60s 6° cos 42° cos 66° cos 78° (2 e0s 66° cos 6") (2 cos 78° cos 42°) = loos (66° + 6) + cos (66° — 6°) [0s 78° + 42°) + cos (76° — 42°) = (eos 72° + cos 60") (cos 120° + cos 36) = F Gin 18° + cos 60°) (c0s 120° + cos 36°) = ae “53 Example 32. () Find the values of sin $ sin 2% sin 3 sin 48 ( Find the value of tan 9° ~ tan 27° ~ tan 63° + tan 812 = (sin E sin 2) = (Gin 36° sin 72°)? = (sin 36° cos 18°)? = [MO fora fF _w-25 wsove 4 4 16 16 = 100-20 90 ~ 16x16 ~ 16x16 (i) As tan 63° tan (90° - 27°) = cot 27° and tan 81° = tan(90° — 9°) “+ tan 9° - tan 27° ~ tan 63° + tan 81° = (tan 9° + tan 81°) - (tan 27° + tan 63°) = (tan 9° + cot 9°) ~ (tan 27° + cot 27°) aes ee 089" _ sin? 9° + cos? 9° ‘sin ~ sin 9cos9 1 ae sind* cos? ~ sin cos9° — sins Also tan 9° + cot 9° = 4 Simany, tan 27° + oot 270 ~/ 2 ae ! sin 54° = sin (90° — 36°) = cos 36°) Bea ess ee 2 “tan 9° — tan 27° ~ tan 63° + tan 81 - Pe PANG) 4a 8-1 Bei G5 +)-W5 ae W5P-1 4 ‘TRIGONOMETRY A203 sin2"A Example 33. Prove that cos A cos 2A cos 4A ... cos 28-1 A = SATE X o2% cog 4% cn 8%: og 16% Hence, find the value of cos % cos 2. cos 5 cos 2° cos 75S cos A cos 2A cos 4A ... cos?*=1 A a Bein A 1 sin A 1 2ain& Solution. LHS. (2 sin A. cos A) cos 2A cos 4A ... cos 2"-1 A. sin 2A cos 2A cos 4A ... cos 2*-1 A (2 sin 2A cos 2A) cos 4A ... cos 2"=1 A = arg (MAA 005 4A) 2 cos 27-2 = sy4~ (sin 4A cos 4A) cos BA... cos'2"-1 A Bsina FagR (in BA. cos A)... cos 29-1 A Bama 28in BA cos? A)... cds 2"-1 A 1 sin 2-1 A cos 2-1 A) = JPA. _ Paina 2rsin A ® con 2® cost cos 8® eps 16% cg S28 To find the value of cos cos 2 cos $E cos SE cos “8 cos 2! compare it with cos A cos 2A cos 4A ... cos 2*-1 A. Here, A ge and BT = 82 fie De Bien=6. eq sin BE E jon = S28 65 ‘a\The value of given expression = 37 = —— SS 6 Example 34, If sin x = 1, find the value of sin 3x. & 3 Solution. Given sin x sin 3x =3sinx—4 sindx=3. 3-4 ( eas 7 Example 35. If a + B } (find the maximum and minimum values of sin ox sin B. Solution. sin o sin B = sin a sin (E-s) (0+ B= F given) = sin « c08 = 2(2 sin «0s o) = 4 sin 2c i) A204 = UNDERSTANDING ISC MATHEMATICS - x We know that ~1 < sin 2a < 1 for all ae R aed 1 > -3 5 jsin2das t fe Fae 1 =i asinps 1 9-3 Ssinasinps 2 (using (i) Maximum value of sin « sin B is 2 and its minimum value is ~ é Example 36. Find the range of the function f(x) Solution. Given f(x) ~ sin‘ x + cost x +1 Note that domain of function f = R. FG) = (sin® 2° + (cost x)? +1 = (in? x + cost x — 2 sin? x cos x +1 P= 2 @sinx cos x +1 22} anton We know that -1 < sin 2x < 1, for all ve R 1 = 0ssint2x<150> Bamt ae =) 1 22-1sin?x> 2-5 = d range of function f= (2 2 Example 37. sin x= 2 and 0

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