RATING SYSTEM

GRIHA PARAMETERS

SECTION 1
SITE PLANNING
● Sustainable site design imbibes the physical characteristics of the site,
functional design objectives and sensitivity towards the environment to
ensure protection of existing natural resources on site, manage the
storm water runoff on site, reduce the pollution caused due to
construction activities, harness the microclimate of the surroundings and
reduce the contribution to the Urban Heat Island Effect.
● If site planning is done sensibly and the building design respects the
prevailing site conditions, it can save up to 40-50% of total project cost
which is incurred due to installation of equipment and their operation and
maintenance.
● This section suggests cost-effective guidelines to avail maximum
advantage of the existing natural site features while preserving them to
the extent possible.
● It rewards measures promoting building design according to the site
conditions, balance of perviousness and imperviousness on site to
check heat gain and urban flooding, preservation of natural site features
to maintain a healthy ecosystem and better site management during
construction to check any form of pollution arising out of it.
● All these measures will have greater probability of providing occupant
comfort while encouraging interaction with the natural surroundings.
Table : Site planning criteria
SECTION 2
ENERGY AND OCCUPANT COMFORT
● Thermal performance of the envelope is assessed for buildings such
that, the geographical location of the city, temperature variations over a
period of time, climatic conditions, etc. are accounted to compute the
overall heat gain.
SECTION 3
● Correspondingly, passive design strategies are encouraged to harness
optimum amount of daylight ensuring thermal and visual comfort to the WATER SAVINGS
occupants.
● Supplying the required quantity of water as per NBC (National Building
● The section thrusts on use of energy efficient lighting and equipment in
Code) of India 2016 becomes imperative as part of the rating system and
order to reduce the building energy consumption.
over and above the section rewards efforts taken to reduce the building
● It fosters the use of renewable energy technologies to enable on site
and landscape water demand, implement strategies for efficient use of
energy generation to offset project’s dependency on conventional
water during construction, water harvesting and reuse
sources of energy, which is in sync to the government’s initiatives.
● . Lastly, the section mandates monitoring the water consumption at
● Finally, monitoring through metering is emphasized to further optimize
project level.
and manage the energy consumption
Table : Water savings criteria
Table : Energy & Occupant Comfort criteria

CRITERIA NUMBER CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM CRITERIA CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM POINTS
CRITERIA CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM POINTS NUMBER
POINTS
NUMBER
CRITERIA 6 ENVELOPE THERMAL 8 PART A : CONSTRUCTION PHASE
CRITERIA 1 LOW IMPACT DESIGN 6
PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA 12 EFFICIENT USE OF 2
CRITERIA 2 DESIGN TO MITIGATE 3
CRITERIA 7 OCCUPANT VISUAL 5 WATER DURING
UHUI
COMFORT (DAYLIGHT) CONSTRUCTION
CRITERIA 3 PRESERVATION AND 3
CRITERIA 8 EFFICIENT LIGHTING 2 PART B : POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE
PROTECTION OF
LANDSCAPE DURING
CRITERIA 9 ENERGY EFFICIENT 2 CRITERIA 13 OPTIMIZATION OF 9
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT BUILDING &
CRITERIA 4 STORMWATER 2 LANDSCAPE WATER
MANAGEMENT CRITERIA 10 RENEWABLE ENERGY 6 DEMAND

CRITERIA 5 REDUCTION IN AIR 2 CRITERIA 14 WATER USE 7

AND SOIL CRITERIA 11 ENERGY METERING 2
POLLUTION DURING CRITERIA 15 WATER METERING 1
CONSTRUCTION TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 25
TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 19
TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 16

SOURCE :GRIHA FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING ABRIDGED MANUAL PAGE NO.: 09, 17, 27 https://www.grihaindia.org/griha-rating
 SECTION 4
SECTION 6
WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOCIAL ASPECTS
● Over 377 million urban people live in 7,935 towns and cities and ● The notion of sustainability refers to the social implications along with
generate 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per annum. the environmental and economic side.
● Only 43 million tonnes (MT) of the waste is collected, out of which 11.9 ● the construction sector in India is considered to be the second largest
MT is treated and 31 MT is dumped at landfill sites . This implies that 75- employer and contributor to economic activity, after agriculture sector.
80% of the municipal waste gets collected and only 22-28 % of this ● The quality of life of the occupants of the affordable housing projects
waste is processed and treated. could be enhanced by strengthening the social aspect of the project.
● The key to efficient waste management is to ensure proper segregation ● This section mandates the provision of safe & hygienic living and
of waste at source and further channelization through different streams working conditions for the construction workers; universal accessibility
of recycling and resource recovery. for the building occupants; encouraging walkability to basic services; and
● The biodegradable component of India’s solid waste is currently enhancing environmental awareness amongst the building occupants.
estimated at a little over 50 per cent.
SECTION 5
● segregating and managing waste from the initiation of construction to the SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS
operation of the building has become an integral part of the rating ● The Indian construction sector has been growing at an average annual Table : Social Aspects Criteria
system. growth rate of 10% over the last decade, with its contribution to Gross
● The section rewards efforts taken to reduce, reuse, segregate and Domestic Product (GDP) increasing from `1.5 trillion in 2001-02 to `4 CRITERIA CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM
trillion in 2011-12, equivalent to 8% of the nation’s GDP NUMBER POINTS
recycle the waste generated on site during construction and operation.
● By 2022, real estate and construction sector in India is also expected to
CRITERIA 23 FACILITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION 1
generate 75 million jobs and emerge as the largest employer in the
Table : Waste management criteria WORKERS
country.
● By 2022, real estate and construction sector in India is also expected to CRITERIA 24 UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY 2
CRITERIA NUMBER CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM POINTS generate 75 million jobs and emerge as the largest employer in the
country. CRITERIA 25 PROXOMITY OF TRANSPORT & 10
● The construction sector was the fastest growing sector in terms of BASIC SERVICES
CRITERIA 16 CONSTRUCTION 1
increase in absolute material consumption: between 1997 and 2007,
WASTE CRITERIA 26 ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS 2
MANAGEMENT material consumption grew by more than one billion tonnes
● Extraction, manufacturing and transportation energy required towards
availability of the material on site, comprise embodied energy. CRITERIA 27 TOBACCO SMOKE CONTROL MANDATORY
CRITERIA 17 POST 6 ● Energy expenditure for manufacturing building materials constitutes 20–
CONSTRUCTION 25% of India’s total energy demand and an estimated 30% of GHG CRITERIA 28 WATER QUALITY MANDATORY
WASTE emissions are contributed by the construction sector in India.
MANAGEMENT
Table : Sustainable Building Materials Criteria CRITERIA 29 PROVISION OF ACCESS TO CLEAN 1
CRITERIA CRITERIA NAME MAXIMUM SOURCES OF COOKING FUEL
TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 7 NUMBER POINTS
TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 16
CRITERIA 18 REDUCTION IN 6
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
OF CONSTRUCTION
CRITERIA 19 USE OF LOW 5
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MATERIALS IN BUILDING
INTERIORS
CRITERIA 20 USE OF RECYCLED 4
CONTENT IN ROADS AND
PAVEMENTS
CRITERIA 21 LOW VOC PAINTS, 2
ADHESIVES, SEALANTS
AND COMPOSITE WOOD
PRODUCTS
CRITERIA 22 ZERO ODP MATERIALS MANDATORY

TOTAL WEIGHTAGE 17

SOURCE :GRIHA FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING ABRIDGED MANUAL PAGE NO.: 35, 41, 49 https://www.grihaindia.org/griha-rating
 LEED PARAMETERS SECTION 3
ENERGY ATMOSPHERE
● Using energy wisely is a cornerstone of sustainable design.
● LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy performance by
allocating the greatest number of potential points within this category
● In general points can be earned through efficient design, use of
renewable energy, deliberate mechanical and electrical system
SECTION 2 selection, and proper commissioning and monitoring.
WATER EFFICIENCY
● Water efficiency can be defined as The accomplishment of a function, Table : ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
task, process, or result with the minimal amount of water feasible.
● An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required S.NO TITLE POINTS
for a particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered. 1 R
FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS
SECTION 1 ● Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on
COMMISSIONING
SUSTAINABLE SITES reducing waste.
2 MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE R
● A proposition is that the key for efficiency is reducing waste not
● The Sustainable sites section of LEED NC Program outlines various “ 3 CFC REDUCTION IN HVAC AND R EQUIPMENT R
restricting use.
green “ opportunities for reducing the negative impact the building has on
● It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency 4 OPTIMIZED ENERGY PERFORMANCE 1 - 10
the environment.
by making small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by 5 RENEWABLE ENERGY 1-3
● The opportunities range from preventing erosion of top soil, water
choosing more water efficient products. Examples of water efficient 6 1
contamination & creation of heat islands, effective use of a barren or waste ADDITIONAL COMMISSIONING
steps include simple measures like, fixing leaking taps.
lands etc 7 OZONE DEPLETION 1
● . Importantly, use what nature has given you by working with existing 8 MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION 1
Table : WATER EFFICIENCY
topography, plants and views.
9 GREEN POWER 1
● Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with
S NO TITLE POINTS TOTAL 17
concrete

Table : SUSTAINABLE SITES

1 WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING 1-2

SR NO TITLE POI
NTS 23 WATER EFFICIENCY IN A/C SYSTEMS 1

1 SITE SELECTION 1 3 INNOVATIVE WASTEWATER 1

2 DEVELOPMENT DENSITY AND COMMUNITY 1 TECHNOLOGIES
CONNECTIVITY
4 WATER USE REDUCTION 1-2
3 BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT 1
4 ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION 1-3 TOTAL 6

5 SITE DEVELOPMENT 1-2

6 STORM WATER DESIGN 1-2

7 HEAT ISLAND EFFECT 1-2

8 LIGHT POLLUTION REDUCTION 1

9 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL R

TOTAL 13
 RATING SYSTEM
SECTION 4
MATERIALS & RESOURCES

● Of all the criteria covered by LEED, Materials & Resources

has perhaps the broadest application and relevance.
● They are the ingredients, and choosing them wisely makes
all the difference in terms of the overall impact of the
building throughout its life. This is where ‘environmental
footprint’ or ‘life cycle assessment’ comes into play.
● The materials are in the picture from the first round of
planning to the final stages of demolition or renovation of a
building or product.

Table : Points under materials & resources

S NO TITLE
1 STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF
RECYCLABLES
2 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT
3 RESOURCE REUSE
4 RECYCLED CONTENT
5 LOCAL/ REGIONAL MATERIALS
6 RAPIDLY RENEWABLE MATERIAL
7 CERTIFIED WOOD
SECTION 5
POINTS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
R
● Building green means considering not only the environmental impact
3 of materials and construction, but also the physical and
psychological health of the occupants.
2 ● Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle issues that
influence, how we feel in a space. SECTION 6
2 ● Buildings enhance people’s lives when they permit ample air
circulation, maintain clean air and comfortable temperatures, and INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS
2 allow individuals to have a sense of control over their own indoor
experience.
1 Table : Points under IEQ
● The various parameters of Innovation in design to
1 S NO TITLE POINTS be ascertained, which makes 5 possible points are –

8 BUILDING REUSE - STRUCTURAL 1 MINIMUM IAQ PERFORMANCE R

ELEMENTS
1 Table : Points under innovation & design process
2 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE R
9 BUILDING REUSE - NONSTRUCTURAL CONTROL (ETS) S NO TITLE POINTS
ELEMENTS
1
3 OUTDOOR AIR DELIVERY 1
TOTAL 1 INNOVATION IN 4
13 MONITORING
DESIGN
4 INCREASED VENTILATION 1
2 LEED 1
5 CONSTRUCTION IAQ MANAGEMENT 2 ACCREDITED
PLAN PROFESSIONAL

6 LOW EMITTING MATERIAL 4 TOTAL 5

7 INDOOR CHEMICAL & POLLUTANT 1

SOURCE CONTROL

8 CONTROLLABILITY OF SYSTEM 2

9 THERMAL CONTROL 2

10 DAYLIGHT AND VIEWS 2

TOTAL 15

SOURCE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLICATION OR INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT PAGE NO.: 200, 201, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (ijaiem.org)
Building materials both in the production phase should have
energy-efficient features in the use phase. Energy-efficient
building material properties are described below.

Local material: In the total energy consumption of constructions,

the amount of energy spent for transportation of the construction
materials to construction sites is considerable and also affects
the constructions’ energy efficiency and economical cost.
For this reason, if the construction materials are local material
and are manufactured in nearby places to the construction site
as much as possible, energy consumption in transportation will
decrease and that saving in transportation will give the
construction an important ecological quality.

Recycled resources: A large amount of energy is used in

manufacturing many building materials. In the manufacture of
building material, using recycled sources instead of the sources
which are not newly processed material provides a considerable
preservation of raw material and also a considerable amount of
• Building envelope is the components such as wall, ceiling, ground,
energy saving.
window, and door which separate building (conditioned space) from
Recycling building materials are essential to reduce the
outdoor and let heat energy transfer into inside or outside. As an
embodied energy in the building; for instance, the use of
indoor and outdoor reagent, it has a vital impact on energy
recycled metal makes considerable energy savings between the
consumption .
rates of 40 and 90% comparing the material produced from
• While the cost of constructing a building envelope makes up 15–40 of
natural resources .
the total constructional cost, its contribution to life cycle costs
especially to energy cost is around 60% .
• The skin of building performs the role of a filter between indoor and
outdoor conditions, to control the intake of air, heat, cold, and light . • Building phase includes the construction and usage processes
• Building envelope should minimize the heat loss in the winter and the of building. Building phase is possible with preferring building
heat gain in the summer. techniques consuming less energy and using energy-efficient
• The physical and structural specifications of building components, equipment.
such as walls, windows, flooring, and doors, which make up the outer • As the energy consumption of the buildings constructed with
shell of the building, have a significant impact on the energy different materials changes, energy consumption also changes
consumption of the building. in the buildings constructed with the same materials.
• The thermal performance, thickness, and color of the materials used • Conventional frame building system: The most prominent
in these components play a significant role in regulating the heat loss characteristic of the conventional building system is that the
and gain of the building. whole of production is implemented in building site thanks to
intensive man power.
• When it is analyzed with respect to energy consumption, the
energy consumption of the conventional system is at a low
level due to the characteristics of the equipment (concrete
mixer, roof crane) used in the stages of concrete production
and concrete casting .
• Tunnel form concrete masonry system: Tunnel form masonry
system requires a certain preliminary investment. The system
is suitable for large scale and permanent productions. Because
lifting cranes consuming a lot of energy are used to carry big
and heavy forms, energy consumption is high.
• Precast construction systems: Since the majority of the
processes realized in the building area in other systems are
made in the manufacturing plant, energy consumption is very
high. In these systems, downloading components from
transportation vehicles to worksite, their storage and mounting
are performed by lifting cranes.

SOURCE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLICATION OR INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT PAGE NO.: 200, 201, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (ijaiem.org)
 GRIHA VS LEED
CATEGORY LEED GRIHA
SUSTAINABLE SITE AND DESIGN

PRESERVE & PROTECT THE LANDSCAPE DURING

CONSTRUCTION/ PROTECT OR RESTORE HABITAT/ EXISTING
TOPOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION
PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE

ENERGY/ ENERGY EFFICIENCY/ENERGY USE

RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION

MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE/ OPTIMIZE OZONE

DEPLETION/ ENERGY MONITORING

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

OPTIMIZE BUILDING DESIGN TO REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND/
ENSURE NATURAL VENTILIZATION/ THERMAL COMFORT/
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
LOW EMITTING MATERIAL/ INDOOR CHEMICAL AND
POLLUTANT SOURCE CONTROL/ C02 MONITORING AND
CONTROL/ HAZARDOUS MATERIAL/ INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS/
ETS CONTROL

HEALTH AND WELL BEING

PROPER SANITATION/ SAFETY/ WATER FACILITIES FOR
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

REDUCE AIR POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION/ AIR

QUALITY TEST

RECYCLE, RECHARGE & REUSE OF WATER

WATER CONSUMPTION/ WATER METER/ WATER USAGE

MONITORING/ WATER REUSE & RECYCLE

MINIMIZE WASTE GENERATION/ WASTE SEGREGATION/

STORAGE & DISPOSAL/ RECOVERY FROM WASTE

MATERIAL

CONSERVATION & EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES

STORAGE & COLLECTION OF RECYCLABLES/ CONSTRUCTION

WATER MANAGEMENT/ RESOURCE REUSE/ RECYCLED
AGGREGATES/ RECYCLE CONTENT OF STEEL/ RECYCLED
CONTENT OF REUSED PRODUCTS & MATERIAL

TRANSPORTATION

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION/ TRAVEL PLAN

PEDESTRIAN ROUTE/ LOCAL TRANSPORT

INNOVATION

INNOVATION DESIGN & TECHNOLOGIES