BASIC ELECTRONICS DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTATION ADC

COMPARISONS

3 Phase Rectifier
Definition: A 3 Phase rectifier is a device which rectifies the input AC voltage with
the use of 3 phase transformer and 3 diodes which are connected to each of the
three phases of transformer secondary winding.

Significance of 3 Phase Rectifier

A single phase rectifier also rectifies i.e. converts AC supply to DC supply but uses
only single phase of transformer secondary coil for the conversion. And the diodes
are connected to the secondary winding of single phase transformer.

The drawback of this arrangement is high ripple factor. In case of half wave rectifier
the ripple factor is 1.21 and in case of full wave rectifier the ripple factor is 0.482. In
both the cases the value of ripple factor cannot be neglected. While in case of half
wave rectifier the value is quite large but in full wave rectifier too the value of
rectifier is significantly large.

Thus, in such types of arrangement we need smoothing circuit in order to remove

these ripples. These ripples are the AC components in the DC voltage. This is
called pulsating DC voltage. If this pulsating DC voltage is used in several
applications it lead to poor performance of the device. Thus, the Smoothing circuit
is used, filter works as a smoothing circuit for rectifier system.

But after this smoothing process the rectifier voltage falls to zero at some point.
Therefore, if in place of single phase transformer we use three phase transformer
the ripple factor can be reduced up to a large extent. One of the significant
advantage of three phase transformer is that the rectified voltage do not falls to
zero even when no smoothing arrangement is used.

3 Phase Half Wave Rectifier

In three phase half wave DIGITAL
BASIC ELECTRONICS rectifier, three diodes areELECTRONICS
ELECTRONICS connected to each of the
INSTRUMENTATION ADC
three phase of secondary winding of the transformer. The three phases of
COMPARISONS
secondary are connected in the form of star thus it is also called Star Connected
Secondary.

The anode terminal of the diode is connected to the secondary winding of the
transformer. And the three phases of the transformer is connected together at a
common point called neutral. This neutral point provides the negative terminal to
the load and is earthed.

Each diodes conducts for one third of the AC cycle and remaining two diodes will
remains open circuit. The ouput DC voltage will be between the peak value of
supply voltage and half of the supply voltage.
The ripple
BASIC factor for 3 phase
ELECTRONICS half wave
DIGITAL rectifier is derived
ELECTRONICS in the equations
ELECTRONICS below.
INSTRUMENTATION ADC

COMPARISONS

It is evident from the above calculations that the ripple factor for the 3 phase half
wave rectifier is 0.17 i.e. 17%. In single phase half have rectifier the value of ripple
factor is 1.21 and in case of single phase full wave rectifier it is 0.482. Thus, it is
evident that the value of ripple factor in 3 phase rectifier is very less in comparison
to single phase rectifier.

Moreover, the frequency of the ripples in three phase rectifier is very high. Thus,
due to this these ripples can be easily filtered. The ripple frequency in case of three
phase rectifiers is three times of the supply frequency. Due to this smoothing
process is very easy in case of three phase rectifier than that of single phase
rectifier.

3 Phase Full Wave Rectifier

In three phase full wave rectifier six diodes are used. It is also called 6-diode half
wave rectifier. In this each diode conducts for 1/6th part of the AC cycle. The
output
BASICDC voltage fluctuations
ELECTRONICS areELECTRONICS
DIGITAL less in 3 phase full wave rectifiers.
ELECTRONICS The output
INSTRUMENTATION ADC
voltage fluctuates between maximum value of peak voltage i.e Vsmax and 86.6%
COMPARISONS
of the maximum voltage.

The advantage of 3 phase full wave rectifiers is that the output voltage is regulated
and do not falls to zero. The output voltage is maintained between 86.6% of the
maximum voltage and the peak value of the voltage. Thus, it appears regulated.
The main
BASIC reason behind this
ELECTRONICS low fluctuation
DIGITAL ELECTRONICSin output voltage is the
ELECTRONICS usage of large
INSTRUMENTATION ADC
number of diodes. It is appropriate to use 6 diodes. This is because if more than 6
COMPARISONS
diodes are used the cost of the circuit increases. Moreover, the circuit complexity
increases and no significant increase in the regulation in the output voltage will be
there.

3 Phase Bridge Rectifier

The type of arrangement in bridge form is widely used because there is no need of
centre tap transformer in bridge rectifier. The advantage of using bridge rectifier is
that the load current Idc is 0.95 times of the peak current flowing through the diode.

The Vdc is approximately 2.34 times of the rms value of AC voltage through the
secondary winding of transformer in 3 phase half eave rectifier. Each diode in 3
phase bridge rectifier carries only 1/3 of the current flowing though the load.

Thus, this type of bridge arrangement is more preferred in various applications

They are used to overcome the shortcomings of single-phase rectifier. We have

already discussed that single-phase rectifiers possess high ripple factor and high
fluctuation in DC output. In order to overcome this drawback, 3 phase transformers
came into existence.

Related Terms:
1. Difference between Centre Tapped and Bridge Rectifier
 2. Difference
BASIC Between DIGITAL
ELECTRONICS Half Wave and Full Wave
ELECTRONICS Rectifier INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRONICS ADC
3. Phase Shift Oscillator
COMPARISONS
4. Phase-Locked Loops (PLL)

5. Rectifier

Comments

alex GONZALEZ says

October 29, 2019 at 9:54 pm

which rectifier you recommend: we have 2 generator output 220vac 16

amperes 4kw each.

Thanks

Alex

Reply

thihazaw says
December 7, 2019 at 4:38 am

awsm article

Reply

RogerInJapan says
August 10, 2020 at 8:42 am

This is an excellent summary of the advantages of using a 3-phase power

source with a full-wave rectifier. Thanks

Reply
 BASIC ELECTRONICS DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTATION ADC

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