Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba

City of Calamba, Laguna, Philippines 4027 • www.letran-calamba.edu.ph • +63(049)-5455453

Research and Quality Management Department

“A PROJECT FEASIBILITY ON DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING OF BALL POINT PEN WITH

FRICTION AND HIGHLIGHTER TO ALL COLLEGE STUDENTS IN COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE
LETRAN”

Group No. IE7

Group Leader: BUENCILLO, RHONALYN M.

Group Members: MARASIGAN, LENARD JAKE

RESURRECCION, ACE RONZON S.
Group Adviser: ENGR. KEILLA MARIE R. LEOPANDO
Date Submitted: APRIL 19, 2022

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Chapter I

Introduction

Nowadays, there are products that have been made to ease peoples doing from making
innovative products just to make and help them do their work easier and faster. Our product
will give customers to easily bring and removes inconvenience to bring them all. Writing is a
system of graphic marks representing the units of a specific language. Pen is a tool that is used
on writing and drawing or used to write letters, record history and make lists. The modern
pencil was invented in 1795 by Nicholas-Jacques Conte, a scientist serving in the army of
Napoleon Bonaparte. The magic material that was so appropriate for the purpose was the form
of pure carbon that we call graphite. It was first discovered in Europe. Initially it was believed to
be a form of lead and was called ‘plumbago’ or black. A misnomer that still echoes in our talk of
pencil ‘leads’. It was called graphite only in 1789, using the Greek word ‘graphein’ meaning ‘to
write’. Pencil is an older word, derived from the Latin ‘pencillus’, meaning ‘little tail’, to describe
the small ink brushes used for writing in the Middle Ages.

The ballpoint pen is an invention that changed people’s lives. In classrooms, the
ballpoint pen made writing quicker and easier. Students could write down lecture notes
effortlessly, without having to dip their pen in ink. They did not have to worry about ink
smudging their paper and could continue to place pages on top of one another while writing,
without having to wait for the ink to dry. The ballpoint pen could be found in a variety of places
that a fountain pen and ink could not. Writing became more portable. Individuals could write
down their thoughts wherever and whenever they wanted to, as ballpoint pens were easy to
carry and could be found virtually anywhere. There was no longer a need for people to worry
about forgetting important information or ideas. They could simply pick up a ballpoint pen from
a desk, car, pocket or purse and instantly write down whatever information they needed.

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They can be very useful, and whether you’re at school, home, office or college, they’re
essential for drafting documents, jotting down notes, writing essays or giving examinations.
Even though technological advancements continue to change the way we work, pens have
remained to be indispensable, Mell (2020).

The purpose of our product is to help all the workers and students. It will help them to
not carry many types of pens and misplaced it when it is being used. This pen will be vulnerable
for all the uses of writing and studying. And it will also lessen the usage of paper because of its
friction pen function. You just have to bring one pen whether you are studying and writing
because this pen is multifunctional it has ballpoint pen which is commonly used in writing,
friction pen which is commonly used for solving math problems and doodling and the
highlighter pen used to color letters for highlighting when studying various subjects to enhance
learning effects.

Statement of the Problem

This research section presents what the proponents seek to resolve

problems in this study regarding the respondents' perception of the use multi-
purpose Pen. This research is intended to answer and solve the following
questions:

1. What is the perception of the respondents in buying of multi-purpose

Pen in terms of:

1.1 Durability of materials

1.2 Functionality

2. What are the processes involved in establishing a different color in multi-

purpose pen?

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3. What are the design considerations of the proposed project?

4. What are the demands for the proposed project?

5. What is the estimated capital requirement for the product?

6. What is the estimated payback period of the product?

7. What are the marketing strategies involved in conducting this study?

8. What is the socio-economic impact of the proposed project?

Importance of the Study

This section presents the significance of the study on Designing and Developing of Ball
Point Pen with Friction and Highlighter to all College Students in Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Calamba and its relevance to the following individuals and organizations:

Consumers

The study is intended for the consumers to use the proposed product. They could
benefit most from the product because it will be very useful, and whether you're at school,
home, they're essential for drafting documents, jotting down notes, highlighting important
details and erase their writing mistakes. The research can be helpful for the consumers because
they could use this research as a basis to know the kind of product they could buy that would
be affordable and efficient.

Pen Industry

This study gives information regarding its special features and giving the benefits of the
product that will help for possible problem.

The Manufacturers

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The study can benefit the companies that mass produce multipurpose products because
they could use the research to design and create more efficient and affordable feasible product
to the market.

School

The study presents the idea of multi-Purpose Pen that will be useful and hassle free for
students.

The Researchers

The study finds that it may help them discover how useful and effectively people use the
proposed product.

The Future Researchers

This study will be used as a reference for the future research regarding multi-purpose
Pen or other products that would be related to the research.

Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study is to help the respondents to write down lecture notes
effortlessly, to highlight important notes, to erase wrong writings. It is also space free to bring
and hassle-free using multi-purpose Pen. The proponents aim to:

1. To identify the respondents' perception in buying the multi-purpose Pen in

terms of:

1.1 Durability of materials.

1.2 Its functionality

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2. To define the processes involved in establishing different colors in multi-
purpose pen.

3. To describe the design considerations of the proposed project.

4. To calculate the capital requirement.

5. To estimate the payback period and return of investments of the product.

6. To identify the marketing strategies involved.

7. To discuss and identify the demand for the proposed project.

8. To assess the socio-economic impact of the proposed project.

Research Methodology

This section presents the parameters of the study, including the research design, locale
and target respondents, and methods.

Research Design

The researchers will utilize the descriptive method design since the main goal of this
study is to gain a better understanding about the product and describe the characteristics and
perception of respondents towards the multi-purpose Pen. The study will use quantitative
research design in order to make an analysis based on the data that they gathered through the
number of respondents whether they like the said product. The researchers will use surveys
through Google Form.

Locale and Target Respondents

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The researchers implement to conduct the study in Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Calamba specifically in Barangay Bucal, Calamba, Laguna. The researchers chose the locale for
having the presence of many students that could use the said product. The target respondents
of the study will be the College Students. The researchers will negotiate with the target
respondents to have a permission to conduct the study within the area.

Method of Data Collection.

The researchers chose to use questionnaires for their survey, the questionnaires conclude
questions on how convenient and useful the products are to the respondents. The researchers
chose the College Students of Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba because they know they
are the ones who needed the product.

The conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output scheme in the conduct
of the study, and this information consists of the identification of man, materials, machines,
and equipment. The method includes the preparation of materials, product design, process
flow, and packaging. And finally, the output, it contains the expected designed and developed
product.

INPUT: INPUT: OUPUT:

Man Preparing of The designed and

Material developed Ball
Materials
Point Pen with
Product Design
Machine Friction and
Process Flow Highlighter
Equipment
Packaging

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

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Table 1. List of Analytical Tools and Description

ANALYTICAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION

Payback Period Refers to the number of months or years to regain the

expenses. This will aid the researchers to know the length of
time will take an investment to hit its break-even point.

Net Investment
Payback Period=
Annual Cash Inflows

Net Present Value The difference over time between the current value of cash
inflows and the present value of cash outflows. Researchers will
use this in budgeting to assess the feasibility of the project.

NPV =PV of Cash inflows−PV of Investments

Return of Investment (ROI) It is computed by dividing the return gained on an investment

by the cost of that investment. This will help the researchers to
calculate the sum of return.

(Gain of investment −Cost of Investment)

ROI=
Cost of Investment

Profitability Index It is calculated by dividing the present value of future cash flows
by the initial investment.

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PV of Cash inflows
Profitability Index=
PV of Investment

The table1 above shows the analytical instruments used in the analysis. The NPV,
Payback Period, ROI and Profitability Index are the different analytical methods used to analyze
the capital, profit, cost and assess the profitability of the product investment in the table.

Review of Related Literature

This section reviews concepts from literature and findings from related studies in
literature introduces the basic research ideas for designing and developing a Pen. It discusses
the gathered data, relevant evidence, and reference materials critical to the research study's
success.

Innovation

It states that it contributes to a better understanding of how the evolving nature of

human, organizational, and societal language and institutional systems influence and are
influenced by employees' lived experiences and organizing processes, activities, and texts. This
research, in particular, offers a case study of such changes by elucidating how individuals within
the company frame or interpret innovation and how these meaning changes in practice as it is
implemented within the organizational context (Batra, 2016).

The principle at the heart of the ballpoint pen copies the activity and the power
applied smear the moving ball with a consistent stream of ink as the ball rolls along the
composing surface When the pen isn't utilized, the ball holds on against the finish of the ink
repository, forestalling air entering and drying out the ink. Most frequently, ballpoint pens run
out of ink well before they dry out (Stephen Dowling, 2020).

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The principle at the heart of the ballpoint pen copies the activity and the power
applied smear the moving ball with a consistent stream of ink as the ball rolls along the
composing surface When the pen isn't utilized, the ball holds on against the finish of the ink
repository, forestalling air entering and drying out the ink. Most frequently, ballpoint pens run
out of ink well before they dry out (Stephen Dowling, 2020).

These writing instruments help with communication, of course, but they can also
aid with home improvement projects. According to the 2021 ASI Ad Impressions Study, each
branded writing instrument generates about 3,000 impressions during its lifetime. That’s a lot
of exposure for your client’s brand and message, making pens – particularly the ones here with
multiple uses – a sure bet for their upcoming promotion. (Trey Reed, 2021)

Pen and Paper Versus Laptop: Is There a Clear Winner in the Note-Taking
Olympics? Is the pen really mightier than the keyboard? Students perform better on tests when
their notes were taken by hand instead of on a PC. It bears it is quite often never enough to
rehash that a solitary report. In that 2019 review, while 96% of understudies announced taking
notes frequently or consistently, the rate dropped decisively to 49% when the courses were
free on the web. Past expressing the significance of having notes, we're left with inclination. In
spite of the fact that innovation has changed emphatically since my folks' childhood, I can't say
the science-put together guidance with respect to note-taking has stuck to this same pattern.
(Jonathan Jarry, 2019)

This tool is helpful to professionals, creatives, educators, and students. It aids in

the organization of folders, notes, pens, and other objects. This helps individuals to become
more efficient, and the process can become even more simple and fast as a result (Khan, 2020).

According to (Yuki Hongo, 2019), personalization of products and services is

expected to improve user satisfaction and result in the extension of the product lifetime. We
have proposed the concept of the design of personalization procedures, which aims to provide

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personalized products and services for various customers in a systematic manner. In this paper,
we propose a workshop-based method to design personalization procedures. In this method,
we define a list of personalization strategies to support idea generation and a worksheet to
support descriptions of the personalization procedure. We conducted design workshops to
demonstrate the proposed method.

We conduct a two-part study to better understand pen grip postures for general
input like mode switching and command invocation. The first part of the study asks participants
what variations of their normal pen grip posture they might use, without any specific
consideration for sensing capabilities. The second part evaluates three of their suggested
postures with an additional set of six postures designed for the sensing capabilities of a
consumer EMG armband. Results show that grips considered normal and mature, such as the
dynamic tripod and the dynamic quadruped, are the best candidates for pen-grip based
interaction, followed by finger-on-pen postures and grips using pen tilt (Fabrice Matulic, 2019).

Many studies of ballpoint pens have been conducted. However, those studies have not
considered the emotional factors that can enhance user experience. Styluses resemble
ballpoint pens in many ways, which are widely available in a variety of styles. Therefore, in the
present study, we explored the physical and emotional attributes that improve user satisfaction
with typical ballpoint pens, with the goal of also understanding what factors might be
important for stylus design. First, 14 emotional factors associated with the pens were derived.
Second, 16 different types of ball-point pens were measured for six physical properties. Results
showed that to increase user satisfaction it is necessary to make pens be comfortable, fine,
refined, deep, and natural. Also, we found that for high user satisfaction pens need to be
heavier and longer, have thick and anti-slip grips and thin nibs, and their center of gravity
should be located close to the nib to increase user satisfaction (Kyungdoh Kim, 2020).

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According to Carole Yue, Benjamin Storm, Nate Kornell & Elizabeth Bjork (2018),
highlighting is one of the strategies to improve our mental skills. In this study they test some
students if highlighting can really enhance their mind.

Compared with the traditional manual detection method, the test results showed
that this method improves the detection efficiency while ensuring the accuracy (Yuan Hea,
2018).

Materials

The modern inks usually contain ferrous sulfate as the iron salt with a small
amount of mineral organic acid. The resulting solution is light bluish black and, if used alone on
paper, appears only faintly. After standing it becomes darker and insoluble in water, which
gives it a permanent quality (Lotha, 2021).

According to Anamika, Das & Kumar, Suneet (2020), thermal or thermochromic ink is a
type of erasable ink which is removed easily by the friction produced by rubbers incorporated in
each pen. It has different colors likes red, blue, green and black. Such inks can be removed from
the paper surface mechanically through erasure or by the exposure effect of heat and cooling
simultaneously. It is a type of viscous ink that depends largely on the heat generated during
erasure which affects the solvent of ink. The fading of this type of ink requires an external heat
factor such as friction due to eraser or by direct exposure of temperature.

Stainless steel produced in a melting process contains chromium and nickel,

making recycling stainless steel economically viable. Thus, stainless steel often remains part of
the sustainable closed-loop system or recycled without any degradation (International
Stainless-Steel Forum). However, as stainless-steel objects hardly ever become waste at the end
of their life and the estimated End of Life Recycling ratio is 80–90%, virgin material might be

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required if all usable steel is still in use (Kopnina, 2018). Stainless steel is a sustainable material,
having a long service life (Sverdrup & Ragnarsdóttir, 2014).

Pen is an instrument for composing or drawing with ink, commonly comprising of a

metal nib or ball, or a nylon tip, fitted into a metal or plastic holder'. On the off chance that we
consider a severe meaning of the word pen, we should think about the Egyptian model utilized
by the Arab Fatimid from 953-975 as the reason for the present custom pens. The ruler
requested a composing instrument that would keep him from getting the colors and inks all
around his hands and garments while composing. His designers gave him a custom pen that had
a repository that took care of the nib, forestalling the consistent requirement for plunging
(Mandy Lynn Plans, 2020).

According to (L.Ortiz-Herrero, 2018), the main methods for dating ballpoint pen
inks in questioned documents used up to day are based mainly on the analysis of ink volatile
components. These methods have some limitations still unresolved, such as the impossibility
for dating documents older than two to five years and the destruction in part or totally of the
questioned document after the analysis. This study aims to overcome these drawbacks by
exploring the feasibility of dating inks based on their spectroscopic UV–vis-NIR diffuse
reflectance spectra monitoring combined with a Partial Least-Squares (PLS) multivariate
modelling. The combined methods that determine both solvents and dyes are the ones that
present the most reproducible results over longer periods after the ink has been deposited
(OscarDíaz-Santana,2018)

(Nikolai Yu. Tiuftiakov, 2021) presents the Simple and Cost-Efficient Classification
of Ballpoint Pen Inks Using Digital Color Analysis. The proposed technique can be of interest not
only in the field of forensic science but also for those who deal with dyes and dye-containing
materials and their degradation over time as well as for the study of any processes, the
evolution of which is reflected in a color change.

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Methods and Marketing

Quantitative or mixed methods studies may indicate success through collected

data numbers (Huhn Nunes, Sabino de Freitas, & Leão Ramos, 2018).

According to (Yin, 2018), this study uses a qualitative, multiple case study. The
purpose of a qualitative study is to explain how and why a phenomenon exists when not
enough information on a subject exists and quantitative researcher examines the relationships
between variables, seeks to answer hypotheses through surveys and experiments, and tests
theories by analyzing statistical data.

User-generated content and live streams are popular forms of social media
content (Somerfield, Mortimer, & Evans, 2018).

“Social media big data offers insights that can be used to make predictions of
products’ future demand and add value to the supply chain performance” (Iftikhar & Khan,
2020). They choose to analyze their social media data and apply their findings towards their
business processes, they are putting themselves in the position to compete with larger, more
successful corporations.

Synthesis of the Study

The researchers presented the gathered information that will serve as the
foundation and allows the researchers to be informed that they used on the study. The
information above helps the researchers in completely understanding the study.
The researchers conduct a study about designing and developing a pen.

The Ball Point Pen with Friction and highlighter can make the students to become
more productive. According to Khan 2020, this tool is helpful to professionals, creatives,
educators, and students. It aids in the organization of folders, notes, pens, and other objects.

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This helps individuals to become more efficient, and the process can become even more simple
and fast as a result.

In highlighting it makes the mark portion more memorable for the students
because it stands out from the other non-highlighted text. And highlighting is one of
the techniques that can lead to a progress in our mental abilities.

According to Anamika, Das & Kumar, Suneet (2020), thermal or thermochromic ink is a
type of erasable ink which is removed easily by the friction produced by rubbers incorporated in
each pen. It has different colors likes red, blue, green and black. “Thermochromic ink”
is utilized as the pigment, this ink is dark but when the ink is warmed up, such as from
the friction of an eraser, it turns clear and it seem as if the ink was erased.

In developing a pen Stainless steel is a sustainable material, having a long service

life (Sverdrup & Ragnarsdóttir, 2014). It gives a reassuring weightiness and strength to the
product. Its applications extend from fine pen to notable design.

The researchers gathered information, according to (Kyungdoh Kim, 2020), we

found that for high user satisfaction pens need to be heavier and longer, have thick and anti -slip
grips and thin nibs, and their center of gravity should be located close to the nib to increase
user satisfaction.

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