Saint Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500

GRADUATE SCHOOL

SUBJECT: MAN201A: GLOBAL CONTEXT AND GLOBAL INITIATIVES IN NURSING

Instructions: A. Answer the following questions, write your answers in the box provided.
B. Turn in it through MS teams before the document closes, make sure you pass before the
allotted time
C.

Name: DELUAO, SUPREMO MANUEL M. Course: MSN

1. Based from the lecture and your readings, What is Globalization and its Impact in the Nursing
Profession. (5 points)

Globalization has occurred very rapidly in the last few decades resulting in economic, social, political
and cultural integration around the world through advancement in technologies,
telecommunications, transportation, etc. Although it has affected human life in both positive and
negative ways; its negative effects need to be addressed accordingly.

Globalization has contributed greatly to economies around the world in many positive ways. An
incredible advancement in science and technologies has given businesses an amazing opportunity to
spread easily even outside the territorial boundaries. Due to globalization itself, there has been a
huge economic growth of companies.

They have been more efficient and thus have given birth to a more competitive world, competition in
quality of products, services etc. has resulted in growth. Successful companies in developed countries
are setting up their overseas branches to gain locally through lower-cost labour than their home
countries. Such business activities are employing the people of developing or poor countries and thus
paving the way forward. Along with the positive aspects of globalization, the negative aspects are also
not forgettable. There has been a risk of epidemiological diseases through transport from one country
to another; however, the government of all countries has had proper control over globalization to
minimize its negative effects on human life.

Global health is derived from public health and international health. Global health shares the
following characteristics with public health and international health: priority on a population-based
and preventive focus; concentration on poorer, vulnerable, and underserved populations;
multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches; emphasis on health as a public good and the
importance of systems and structures; and the participation of several stakeholders. But the
definition of global health is not only a rephrasing of a common definition of public health or a
politically correct updating of international health. Global health emphasizes transnational health
issues, determinants, and solutions, but the “global” in global health refers to the scope of problems,
not their location. Thus, global health can focus on domestic health disparities as well as cross-border
issues. Besides the infectious diseases and maternal and child health, global health has to embrace
the full breadth of important health threats including chronic diseases, injuries, mental health, and
the environment. Global health uses the resources, knowledge, and experience of diverse societies to
address health challenges through- out the world. Although global health places greater priority on
prevention, it also embraces curative, rehabilitative, and other aspects of clinical medicine and the
study of basic sciences; it involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences and
promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and is a synthesis of population-based prevention with
individual-level clinical care. In summary, I prefer this definition: global health is an area for study,
research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all
people worldwide.

2. Health is influenced by many factors which may generally into broad categories. Give the five
determinants of health and explain its significance to global health (20 points)

Global health encompasses multiple concepts, derived from public health concepts and
international health that were originally based in infectious disease control. However, the
definition has evolved due to such factors as global trade, travel, and relations. Additionally,
the very inter-disciplinary nature of global health within the context of social, political,
environmental, and economic factors constantly shapes the context in which health is
attained, maintained, and lost in a world of differential resources, approaches, and beliefs. At
its core, focusing on “health” global health operates under the premise that health (defined
as freedom from illness and the achievement of total physical and mental wellbeing) is a
social good to be enjoyed by all as a human right is based in the element of justice, above
equity. This nuance recognizes that, in order to participate fully in society, inputs to
individuals/countries may not necessarily be equal, as some individuals or countries may need
more or different resources.

Global Health is quintessential. Health is fundamental human right. As a society we are no

longer satisfied with isolated medical and scientific successes in one corner of the globe, if
they remain unattainable and inaccessible to the population at large. Global health tackles a
large spectrum of challenges, which preclude universal health and social wellbeing, through
fostering an academic environment for scholarship and research enabling better
understanding of disease burden, so as to generate effective preventive and treatment
strategies. The global in global health refers to the scope of the problems, not their location.
By this definition, global health issues can neither be confined to low and middle-income
countries, or underserved populations within the developed world, but rather focus on
diseases that threaten welfare, longevity and safety regardless of international boundaries.
3. Explain why these trends are influential in the Nursing Profession and all areas pertaining to
Nursing Practice, Nursing Education and Nursing Research (20 points)

a. Develop sustainable public/private partnerships focused on applying innovative technologies.

Public-private partnerships allow large-scale government projects, such as roads, bridges, or

hospitals, to be completed with private funding. These partnerships work well when private
sector technology and innovation combine with public sector incentives to complete work on
time and within budget. A public-private partnership (PPP) in the healthcare sector is an
approach to address public health (and social development) problems through the combined
efforts of public, private, and development organizations.

It has become common in the healthcare industry. The Goal 17 of the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 actively advocates for countries to “Encourage and
promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the
experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships”. Conversely, for PPPs tackling NCDs, a
significant proportion were critical of partnership with private sectors for health promotion.
The majority of partnerships with industries that have commercial interests competing with
the health promotion activity, did not support PPPs in this area. These are important because
NCDs continue to rise globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where
globalization has increased availability of tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy foods, and industry
activities tend to be poorly regulated. These same countries may have seen some success in
public-private alliances for improving health service provision or improving research and
development on drugs and vaccines for diseases disproportionately affecting the poor,
although the academic literature on the subject remains limited. However, these health
arenas differ significantly from health promotion, which seeks to increase peoples control
over and improve their health. True health promotion activities seek to change the social and
environmental determinants of health to facilitate population health improvements, while
conversely, industries directly related to unhealthful products push to frame the issue as a
need for individual behaviour change. In a political environment with limited resources
addressed to health, and the need to tackle NCDs beginning to take its place in the health
agendas of many LMIC, PPPs may appear to be a promising area to explore. A clear
recommendation from WHO is needed to prevent governments from forming useless
partnerships with industries that have competing interests, that only serve to delay legislation
protecting population health, while at the same time providing the industries with a false
credibility via corporate social responsibility claims.

b. Nursing faculty positions will become more active.

The nursing professions' ability to improve the nation's health hinges in part on the future of
nursing education. Indeed, nurse faculty play a critical role in preparing future nurses to
address the social determinants of health and explore how numerous external factors impact
health. The demand for registered nurses maybe growing, but paradoxically many institutes
of higher education have been forced to turn away qualified applicants due to an ongoing
 nursing faculty shortage. This crisis has become more prevalent worldwide because of the
alarming global pandemic nowadays, and some nurses choose a different pathway for their
career for their own safety.

Nurses and other health care professionals are under increased scrutiny to provide safe,
effective care. Likewise, nursing education programs are faced with increased pressure to
produce graduates who are capable of providing safe patient care. Toward that end, nursing
education programs develop curricula, hire qualified faculty, and select learning experiences
for students in an effort to train and graduate competent, effective nurses. The instructional
strategies utilized in both didactic and clinical components of nursing education courses are
highly influential in determining critical thinking and clinical decision-making ability as well as
in developing the psychomotor skill performance of new graduates.

c. Nurses are retiring later.

Global pandemic has become a toll in each country because older nurses are forced to delay
their retirements because of the nursing shortage. There are plenty of full-time nurses shift to
part-time work and non-hospital environments. The stakeholders and hospitals tend to hire
entry level nurses. Thus, older nurses are task to provide orientation programs for new
graduates and continuing education for nurses are essential tools to help practitioners
improve their knowledge, skills, and expertise so that quality patient care is provided and
outcomes are optimized while errors are minimized. Ongoing evaluation of nursing
competence is necessary to promote patient safety.

4. Through the devolution of health in the Philippines, services were more accessible to people
in the community. In the midst of globalization, our country adapt to the fast changing trends
and issues in the Profession. Through as frontliners and your continuous efforts as leaders in
health care:
a. Make a Sample Research Title (10 points) and
b. B. a brief background of the study of your research (15 points)

That pertains to Globalization and Global Initiatives in Nursing:

QUALITY HEALTHCARE FROM THE NURSES’ PERSPECTIVE

(RESEARCH TITLE)

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Healthcare is changing, research has shown that the cost of healthcare is being driven by price
inflation, increased lengths of stay in hospitals, remuneration of healthcare professionals, an aging
population, improved medical technologies, and the changes in clinical practices that accompany new
technologies (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2011). A growing interest in evaluating
 quality of healthcare services has led to several initiatives geared towards quality improvement and
increased efficiency by focusing on patient needs and collected evidence. Efforts designed to
standardize quality healthcare delivery are difficult because of variation in perspectives and
disagreement as to what actually indicates quality healthcare. To help bring more clarity to the topic
of quality care this study performed a secondary analysis on data gathered from the ‘provider morale’
section of the ‘Managing Quality in Philippines Hospitals’ project. The purpose of this study was to
address how nurses’ perceptions of distress, work place recognition and satisfaction influenced their
assessment of quality care in Pasay General Hospital. The conservation of resources (COR) theory was
used as a theoretical framework to guide the development of an understanding of nurses’
perceptions through a focus on occupational distress, recognition, and job satisfaction as a potential
means of observing environmental effects on quality of care. This research established that there
were significant positive relationships between recognition-quality, satisfaction-quality and
recognition satisfaction; suggesting that recognition and satisfaction can be viewed as work related
resources and indicators of nurses’ perceptions of quality care delivery. Significant negative
relationships were found between distress-recognition and distress-satisfaction; suggesting that
distress levels have an effect on perceptions of nursing work resources. The research findings also
indicated that there was a significant difference in how nursing units perceived quality and distress,
but no significant difference in perceptions of recognition or satisfaction; suggesting that work place
resources have different effects, that there are other resources in play on units which affect
perceptions, and that the impact of recognition and satisfaction on quality and distress perceptions
differs between nursing units. The results of this study provide nurses, nursing iii managers, and
healthcare organizations with a deeper understanding of how resources and stress processes in work
environments effect the perception of quality care delivery.