Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module On WOMEN's EQUALITY RIGHTS
Module On WOMEN's EQUALITY RIGHTS
A
E
E
-
1
A
E
A 7
E! "#$%- 8
1. *$+,A- .$/ ",, A0# 9
1.1.23 $+, A- .$/ ",, (General
Conventions on Human Rights) 9
1.1.1.%HIJ K#%# 10
1.1.2.NOA- .$/ + 11
1.1.3.$+, A- QR
! S+TU ",, 12
1.1.4.$+, A- IXYZ[ \I]/ E! H\/
",, 12
1.2.
^ $+, A- .$/ ",, (Special
Conventionson Women’s Human Rights) 13
1.2.1. S+TU ",, 14
1.2.2.HH d Zef
^ +"g
%hi ",, 15
1.2.3.I d Ze, k,
^ +"g
%hi + 16
1.2.4.I d Ze, k,
^ +"g
%hi ",, 18
N+
2. IImn
33
2.1.SoQ E-q 35
2.1.1.Imn
r]/ SoQ 35
2.1.2.,\#! "
2! SoQ 36
2
2.1.3.H\
SoQ 39
2.1.4.AUH sIt SoQ 39
2.1.5.u! SoQ 42
2.2.Ivw .x! IS+TU %vq 45
2.3. \ E-q 46
2.3.1.I.y.z.{. \- 46
2.3.2.%||+ yh]
}%. \ 48
2.3.3.3s# \ 49
2.3.4.g~
\ 50
3. "#$% .i
hi gd, I d Zef st 53
3.1. I d Zef st . IImn
55
3.2. I d Zef st Z
*O 57
3.2.1. AU/ 58
3.2.1. "-
!/ 59
3.2.3.
/ / \I]/ 59
3.3. IImn
%"% Z ^ "#$% st 60
3.3.1. } s st 60
3.3.2.
# 61
3.3.3.
+ E
K 63
3.3.4. 2+ 64
3.3.5. gQ Xv 64
3.3.6. A # 65
3.4. SoQ E! \ A0e, 67
3.5. I d Zef st I**
\ AU ! Z! 71
3.5.1. So ! Z! 71
3.5.2. A/\ ! Z! 77
3.5.3. /} ! Z! 80
3
4
I.
º { I d hi. A/
^! + %.2
(position) E %gv.I! A* +© ] { i¡ I\i%.·
H\/!
/ A%v. s %¦! "# .h¦ », ZeHi² I d
*Zh# %· A%v. u ¨*
- *g
vO I+
EhN+%k ± ²2#[ hU ! E%k sU» , .[
. ¬3%k I© +\Ii.· Z
Ii A%¼O +,
.[ g¦
i A# ²2#[ st ZH A# . !
! ! I d Ze A/
^! ¬3 A#
* # I$+, {
% I© J NOA- H\{ (universal in
nature) EzYi A#
+J E
H +.2 I$+,A- hi¡
E3.t A#
E
hi, ! I%+d, *N+%k $+, ¾# I¿
"#$% d i E $+, \i%. {
©
I©, I%+
^ $+,A- .$/ ",, .i
hi
^ §, %*+*+ © IÀ s U% KO A E#,¡
oH
Z
Y, Z+ u , H+KO .$/
I%!s
Z+* ",, I$+,A- hi¡ %h#
I¨] Imn
, I d Zef /
^ E! st *\Ii.·
H\/!
/ A%v. # %£]% Z¥! g Id Z§Hi3I
Nw I, . J +g I#U E#,¡ I I
E%g.¦ ! I d Z§, k,
^ Z*++ $+,A-
",, %- *h3 A .$/ I\- IU%
E3!! sIt Ez
¥ %h#Á
d\, %* Z
iµ
\ I! IJ A/ \ I||
I#U %H] E%*!g©
I! d!² +¾ E%· ! Y, * ! s
-
AÂ# fO IfO %-ià H+! IN+%!/
%~J
U, %H] %2!i Ez-sO i dH
J I si K
Z H+© NO, ± ] A%O II#* IAx# ±
E
%i2H E! "#$%
^ d dH Imn
5
H (E) i dK
I¤\ i \ AU #| - EhZ
d !
A
2! $
.
Æ *¤\
2! IÇ-
E
is A diO[
I d Z§ A/
^! st $+A-/ d
dHO[
E
+is I$+,A- hi¡ %g.¦ %+
^
E#,¡
]]O[
I d Z§, k, A/
^ Z*++ $+,A-
",, I%+*% d! AH
È dHO[
I¤\ ",, {
IA§, I
Z # d
0O[
6
Q§f £^! AN, I§, d Z¥ ! ! ! I
d Z§f A/
^ E! st +£, I$+,A-[ IA\]/ E!
Ir]/ hi¡ i I2 I#U E#,¡ Ig. I ¨] I\
hi¡ # *+*
, I%H# Z§,I Nw Y] E
v % A+
E¤\ st I d AU/[ "-
!/ E! \I]/
Z
*O ! E¤\ +g! IA2td I\Ii.·
Z! I%vv% i! ¬3 A#
* %H A%v. +%U*
E
is A+ ©
*©, Id d\ Nw -2
+dHË E*AN %g.hH +23 , hi.H
Ih
+i,! +%U*
E
A I%Å{,
IÈ´]T \i%. s E
+\I]/ \ E! +.$/
*I# E d E
H
%i2I Nw
IXYZ[ ., E is AdK
, +¤\ A ¨# IXYZ[ .,
+vh E
is 3Z
Z.2 d I©
E! "#$%-
"#$%- (Sex and Gender)
+ Qv E! "#$%- d A v Ad-#,
,
, . ¨v I
A+i I d +Zh#.
]
A%O "+ZYi
-
- + %sÍ/ g!
^ Z
+ d\
^
(difference) "-\dg / (biological) I© d\ H\{d o+gs d
+,v°-
+ ZO K Q© AH+# (sperm) 2 ZO
h´ g K ! d\ %sÍ/ Ðh o+gs d
"#$%-
"#$%- -
- QH
Z![H\{d E! IA2td
! A%O
I%+*% \i%.· ] g. +* d\ Nw E! g
7
A-´ g. d\, A%v. I}%.[ I,\][ IE
Em[
IH\
[ IdY E! IA2td I\i%.· +! %2! +¤\
"#$%- "-\dg / gd, %s/ vd g E! *%g+¦ I¿
I\i%.· Z-iÄI \I]/ A%v. Z§Hi3I d\ A%v. o+gs
Z
I¤\, .i g Z.J ] , ] dO
I° I
Z
*!©
vh EU} () g, *!g
dO
E¤\,-
8
Zh ! I¤\ .i .
I! +k, .
%h ,, +E, %0Z A+ +
9
1.1.2. NO A- .$/ + (Universal Declaration
1.1.2. Declaration of Human
Rights)
%HIJ .$/ +NO, Ez*IJ +i t
IH
I.i .$/ XZ³ (Commission on Human Rights) I, .i /
! 0
. I \v 10 - E.¸.A 1948 d Ý
d\ +
I56 %HIJ AH
¨] %-Hd
® Q Ig3 , ¨]
,e %A3 IJ .¦ %g+hI g3 -¬t ¾# (Cold War) %~iI
$+, IN+ A%v. ( Ideology and Geo-Political) IUà o E! IXZ¶
¨] U*
x s I%HI g3 I© Iu d E3
*%O A
-i, +, + EUN i A
+ . o
A
K+, dN! NO A- .$/ + ° %* d $+,A-
.A/ ,, ( .$/ ,, Å,) Ezá!
Eze² E d Y A
I
, d *¤\ I%Å{,
I+ %U% # IAN© ± *185 ¨] Id Ir]/ \-
s
U% I© +./ E
Ii*% A%O
*%k
*¤\ Iv, A ,N] NOA- .$/ + ,, E«
Ig3 h \/ Çd
HdYi, IAN© g3 $+, A- H\/ \
(International Customary Law) hi¡ Aª
+ d*]*]O +
, E
eHi- . NO E
#! d
2]! 0 ! + hÁ
EzN, + . NO
# E! E
, d.
© E3! 2 +0[
+\! +$+, ., .i © I
d I
A-,ã
I%Å{, IA- 16 K I% 0 t K i EhZH!
% I#[ I[ IdY … g%
^ vdhiH I] 0 t
K "i EhZO hÁ
10
1.1.3.
1.1.3. $+,A- QR
! S+TU ,, (International
1.1.4.
1.1.4. $+,A- IXYZ[
IXYZ[ \I]/! H\/ ,,
(International Convention
Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)
Rights)
*d Eh%+æ ,, NO d\ $+, A- ,,, +NO, . %0Z
Z© IXYZ[ \I]/! H\/
,, I© I%H#
A§f *¤\ %+ , , E
%2tZ ! %
d .H
Eh $+,A-Ã QR
! S+TU ,, NO d\
,,, Iµ
U% E
%2tZ is
Ç AH
© hÁ
(A- 3) EzN, ,, +
E
I%+
^ m d i Z.µ Ó AUª
I¤\,
.i *g E
"] E
®[ +%vvd ] E
11
E¤\ *¤\ Id %2- $+, A- ,, A2td .$/
,, ©, .$/ I%g. hi¡, i .µ
,, ! ++
h]
Y, I%H# +
µ +s Q d
¬3%k + dK
d\ I©, ° Z+* ,,
Ý
1.2.
^
1.2. .$/ ,, (Special Conventions on
Women’s Human Rights)
^ ,, QH
A gd, %g.© \i%. I%+ Nw i
.s Zh $+,A- ,, +* d\
I%+*% \0! d Z+* \0! ,,[ AU
%Æ
Z+* $+, A- AU
%Æ ",, I,v° s-
dK
Eh \0! ,, NO d I%!s
! I%+ Nw
i I2 Zh ,, I$+,A- hi¡ gs%
%HIJ
²#2 Z~,i E
I
IU% K
vd Nw Z* %
XZ³ (Commission on the Status of Women)
I~{
IU-XZ³ IÇ, IfO XZ³ hi¡ I1946 (E.¸.A) I,
x,# d\ XZ³ *%I ± ~, E
+vh
Z
O[ E! A/
^ Z
h# \ Ez+gµ /Ez||O/ EzN,
I d Zef
I$+,A- hi¡ } Ez
¥ I#U "]
**!g©, I|# %+
^ ,, I~
3 A%ÔO AI#ª
12
IE TT %h i¡ +XZ³© I3i +s! *%k E A#
d\
E A si (Fact-finding Efforts) I¨] Z¥I S+TU!
\ Nw Z
vd s! I~ IÐh, .$/ .
+~ gd, +#-3 .i I¤\, .i Z*%O .$/
Z+* $+,A- . %%
Women)
Women)
+iÉ, ! QR
! S+TU %*IJ E
IJ, E*3#
± i E¤\ %2tZ + E
hO, E.¸.A I1945 $.,
*%HHJ 51 (,v A) "] AH
¨] ¨*
*g
E
,is -¦ AH
¨] 25 (
A,)
\
K IJ::
I-{
"] ¨] I\ E« ,is
A
I], d\ Nw XZ³© I~{
] © + S+TU
*%k i I2 Ez-v- A#
I1950, I,#
v% A
%*Ii, I# +,v° I1950 %HIJ {S#
d Ehi I22 (
N+) ¨] ,is, I,# \¬
() "
¬ ° Q IA ¨] h´
,is, I,#
¬ I\ h, I%H#
A
%i2, I#
13
1.2.2. IK d Zef
^ +g
+g %hi ,,
I1950 XZ³© i .s %-v-.I ° d IK d Zhi
A/
^ I%+*% %HIJ {S# EhZ
+%
I Zhi
,
Ir]/ \ U*
}%. Y{
[ K
E! ç I%+*%
+
^ d\ # +3i XZ³©
·
± I%+*% A . A#3£ I3i E.¸.A I1957 I%HIJ
23 H¸ %-Hd
® Q I%* d, I1962 K t[ K
A%k E
E! K ,¬H %+*% ,, I23 H¸ %-Hd
Aª
E¤\ ",, *K # I%
¥ ~{
$+,A- .$/ . ! +
14
I d Zhi
^ +g %~ + I23 H¸ %-Hd
A® IE#s + IZi3I g3 I#U gY %v%Ã Q I%+d,
%¯ (women’s rights activists) I%HIJ # E!
x Z.J gY E! %vq I#
15
%HIJ 23 H¸, XZ³© *$+,A- $ # Z,
/Z/ $+,A- Xi Ez
-iI s
ï %- “~{
$+,A- $” $+,A- Xi I1975 I
QX *% EzUô
A#Á
I¤\ Xi, 133 %v%Ã Q +~{
± *6000 î\
Id /
© # %gUm %Á qi, A#
d\ Xi
$+,A- $ $ +e, Zi $+,A- # ##
I
Ô
-2 EzN, E* 1985 i %H]/ Z gh %|+
hi¡ Z
h# . {
~ Xi I%Å{, I$+,A-
$ $+,A- Xi %.2 A%
% %HIJ
*1976-1985 i
+ ± %HIJ E
E! .,
$ (International Decade for Women) I+ Aõ
d\ ± $+,A-
E3t % gd, \/! m gh $+,A- A~
Ez# Ii
\ Z! %ª
IE¤\ $ ,
hi¡
(Convention
Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Discrimination Against
Women)
I%vvd Nw d\ ,, #-3 ] XZ³© ! %H# Ii Q
#-² ] E.¸.A I1974 IIXYZ! I\I]/ d U
I% ] ·
(working group) AU %~i Eiز E.¸.A I1976 %2!-- , E.¸.A
*1977 E* 1979 i *N+ $ Id + ± Is
- dd EzhiI
%h#Á
E.¸.A I1979 ,, I130 AH
¨]
+,, %t´ E! I10 ,e
%A3 %-Hd Aª
",,
A] gd, Ueh² *.v
-! I¿ E.¸.A *i, 3 - 1981 ~, I] d + A
+
$+-/ .$/ ,, *©, H|# -h, UO !,
.$/ ,, # Q0e# Is I] d + $+,A-/ .
EhZ g- d\ ,, eh-! ] d + %HIJ
16
E
[
E! ., $ g3 %*!g I© AhA
3 ÷
%h# Zg. ,,
U% .$/ IAxJ
EhZ*% d-#H
.¦ d
d- I d Ze, !, A/
^ +g g
,, .v (30) A-¼
. d\ . NO A-[ IA0e, g.©
. /A2td
+/[ E! \/ A H\{
+
I%Å{, ",, $d Ó A,
.
E¤\,-
E¤\,
1. A/
^ Z*+O Ó (Non-Discriminatory Provision.)
2. %U*
E#,¡ Z+* Ó (Corrective Provisions)
3. sIt Z
h# Ó (Protective Provision.) %+ o*O ZO
!
A/
A/
^ #Á
,, + A/
^ A2td #, Z.s Q #Á
I.¦
s +%U% Ó NO %0Z ZYi d!
d\ ,, *°
$+,A- .$/ ",,
^ Z
h# I d %.i% A/
^ gd, h gd, +
K I#f s U% +¤\ I°
,
+,v° I#[ IdY[ IS+TU A%v.[ … g% ,
Zhi
^ gd, h gd, +
I¤\ #, Z Adh+, +
",, A- 1 I d Zhi
^ #, I hÁ
\
.i .i
hi k,
^ Z
2t+
d\, QH
Ig3
gd, H+g3 [ \i%.· I
E! I\¬ m d
17
I° I
.¦ #$%- .i
hi st I#f s AU%%,
"#$%- .i
hi st ! ,
*g E
A+
(power inequalities between women and men) ©
Ô Y, I d
Ze, k, A/
^ +g g ",, A§f
+* %
% XZø E.¸.A I1992 I.2 A%
.i
hi
^
* #$%- Ài
hi st x,# HU%% Nw
E+I I
Ô A-,ã
AH
È
AH
I d I!,
Ze,
^ +¬ ,
Is I d Ze,
^ +g Z
SoQ Å,
NO, % E#,¡ g. A+H d\, Ç
+g EzO ,, A- 2 AH
È I¬#¬#
18
IA2td AH
/
^ +g \ E! A/
^ ZsJ H# \ ||
u , I%vvd Nw
IIXYZ[ I\I]/[ IS+TU E! IH\/ m {
+s , *.
Z2I3 d\ +vU \K *||
I%Å{
^
Z
h# H\ !
/ # (discriminatory customs and practices)
g dH
E#,¡
I
Ô EhZ g- Ik, $+
Z¥ +! +-
A/
^ Qe,H £^ \i%.I ! I¤\, ,
IIXYZ[ ISoTU[ E! I\I]/ X *g I E#- gh¿ -#%
dkO d\ hi.H { 2Hv! / Ih
/ Ii,! I%U*
E
+is %Å{ q
O ZO gY IA I
+ q i E
Zti I© A
, ZO
gY I° I
Ez*]*J E
hi
+ d E#,¡ *E
#\
I%t]¶
I+.! I\i%.· U*
I+s EzY# I%g. hi¡
Z3 I© E
A]º + Zhi E#,¡
Ztgf gY I*]*{
Z
-#· k ## -h, Q
IJ
+ef A/
^ AN
+
E
È +°I
. I [ I#[ I-+,[ … g%
^ vdhiH I\ E
!! E
E
® I E#,¡ , o (o) AdH,
Z
19
INO, X E
%2tZ +is AH
E#,¡ . A+H d\ U
.i / .$/
*g E
%2tZ AdK,
20
H\/ E! \I]/ Nw
||
I,, A- 5 # Eh%+e ,, E« E
I\ is,[
I%ÅHx Z
^ +||
^ E#,¡ g., %Å{ +¾
+E%k E
is E A d!O EhZ g- I
d Zef /
^ *H\
!
# %£]¥! # .h¦ I©
\i%.· A%v. u, ! +
+ %H A%v. # .hh
I© J +3i *d %2- E#,¡ K IØ AdhO, +¤\ AH
gh %|+ hi¡ +i! I\Ii.·
Z! EzH
hi \]/[ H\/!
/ A%v. g
AH
I$+
O I%+d, I%k $+, Z¥ +¬f ] E!
+
I ¬I %+µ ! I¤\ ,
+* AU/!
!/
d+O d\ # +3i ,, A- 6 AH
. A
+¬f ] *.] E!
I ¬I +**
\
* Å, °
E#,¡ Ezg¦ È A+H d\ %H# Z*+
\ K
vd \ IZ%+Ã d %H]/ Z g~
3 (penal sanction)
%H]/ i A+H
21
Ir]/[$+,A-
Ir]/[$+,A- hi¡
E
IS+TU! I\¬H/ %vq
%vq is
IS+TU E! \¬H/ m
%vq IA\]/ E! I$+,A- hi¡
d3#! Ir]/ hi¡ E« A3! A®, I# IS+TU! I\¬H/ %vq
N+%k .i / E#,¡ h´ I,# ,Ô 2 K
E%k E! u S+TU vq A
is, +¤\
is! \¬
! °
Ezd i
A+I d\ +vU E#,¡ +, X [
^ IA ]
d g[ ²s# E (promotion) I2 vh[ IS+TU
A]# ²s] EhÅ,# ë], A ] dH
I$+,A-
hi¡ g+ I$+,A- # s IE
Ehv%Ã i
A+H I¤\ i I, E#- Á¬ d2dt
I1988 XZø (CEDAW)
d\ Ó %H]/ +i IA- 4 (A]) .i
^ E#,¡
. . EhZH E! $+,A- # IIØ E! IE
! Ez
iµ I %ÔEY Eh
v#Ã 2d
E
I± \
AH
IA- 9 Ó .i N+ .i / È A+H Ahk
AH
È ± I®[ I+gs gd, dú I£
*g # E
EzY] is I¤\ i I#U ¨]
û ±
H g Z E ¨# ± , Q °
¨# ±
+ g , H H Eü ¨# ± A
, I¤\
,
° ¨# ±
Z
· g ]v ¨# ±
22
d Ez£^ Z- Q ° ¨# ±
+ g Z
·
H K ¨# ± +-I
dhO +¤\ Eh¤\ $d ± \
.i
hi
^ Z
h# I© o||
ZH
E
I,\#
,\# E ²
v{
© g3, ,\# EdJ A/
^ QhiH £d%
$+,A- ,, ,\#
I%+*% IA- 10 # I¬#¬# h dk
Ó *## H+
I,\# E
%2tZ +i AH
. +ZH
È , x,# AUª
AH
,\# I%+*% Z*%O !
! È AOH
23
#$%- Z! I%+*%
+ %H A%v. g A+H ,\#
} Z2-fH {
0\
/ E
eH#² A%v.
I%+d, I][ I} E! I}%.
Ç Z
2!J !
,\], "#$%- Z! A%v. I] %{ Ðv[ vd[
ES# (I° I
g %{ K Z
2Ý) ,\# $d
EdJ Ii
h#O +¤\ {
0\ *+ E!
^
2! X# +,\] I2 "#$%- .i
hi
^ Ez
i A+H I E! Ig U*
Z ,\# hi¡ %
¬ +AH
I,, %-2 È gh
,\# Ez+ gd,
^ 2! X# Ezg¦ ë]´ I~
EO K A+H I¤\ H+Ã ! hi.H Ih
I%U*
I] E! A2td I\i%.· s *g E
Z!
Ezg di
IAxJ %+
^ ë]´ Ih E!
^
2! + I2 -h, Q
I%2i i 2Hv
*%+H
^ Ii, E
,\# %2tZ Ez© % E#,¡ . dH
24
gh{
# # %vvd dY#H
gh{
#
+! +g %+
^ +H, Z.JI ] (f
) I0
,is o*I# dH
/ /H\// ] d K Ezg.© i
AdH, *¤\ # I%
25
**
E#,¡ Ezg.¦ 2d
Y, ¤\ A- Ó %0Z Z
IhIk 3s# %-si +Z.J (formal employment) :: +¤\ I} s
Z.J[ E3!
%.2 I¨] gd, *¨] x Ik,
Z.J I#U ²s#
+sIt I% +st %x Ez©
Z
h# I© ô Z| d
g, , }%. E3 I gd, Ith ,is ZO Q
II I\,! %i2! +k }%. E- È A
i¡! ,\# 2 A+H }%. E3 +2-, H
gd, 3#
t ® 3 Nw Zh \
I¤\
,, %-2 ª Z2 %H# I© o%U*
ZH
, d\ E +\,! .]%Æ E! IA2td +\Ii.· vg3
Ç A+H IE#¬! g3 %Å{ u! EU}! i o.
ZH Q *go I¿, %vvd EU}
I¤\ g3
(E!) EU} %-Hd K vd© EU} A3] , gd, .û x,#
I! $+, u! # {S# EhZ
+% I$ *³
Zom Id Z© E! *E#¬! E! go # I%
# \dg
26
I2 Z! vh[ Iu! .]%k Iv% I³ I**
%vq vh A Q I¬3%k © hi¡ +Z¥ i
I2 %|+ u! A
Ez
¥ i A+H
3» (Reservation) I%+*%
EhZ g- IAk I$+,A- ",, AH
*,, A¦
gd, %g. Ó 3» I¬ Ó *Z
*%+ gd,
%2
Ø x %+h A.]# I d Ze, !,
^ +g g ",,, AH
3» I¬
.¦ /,,/ Ôh3 ZO © Zh \ Ó (A- 28)
AUª
IE#s Ó 3» I¬ ,, +Ôh3 k
A-,ã
I¤¨, .i ¯ ZH k I3» ZI Ó
,, $! dti dY#I
Z
Y, Ó
Æ Ó I3» · .¦ (,,) ! $
EhZti©Ë Æ ´ Ehdti© A
+, dN! I#U
3» E
· ,, A-
Ez
, *° .$/
,, # Q0e# ²s#
3» I¬
eh²
$+,A- ",, I -Z dú dk
27
vd I3»
· Ó ,, ! $ Zti ©
d A ,, .i / d Ó I3»
A¬I
+,v°- A ,, ! d + AH
È Zh A- 2 EzN, }%. \ E
[ \/
! ± Z+* Ó I3» ¬ +%HIJ !
e A¬I
+¤\ E¤\ 3» ,, $! Zti©
+! Ô +, 3» Ez
si U
%hi
I¤\ ¨] Z¥ I.¦ %U% .$/ %2tZ Ed©
h#
g
s
ï
1. I d Zef "#$%- /
^ gd, !
£2J
©
J +3i si E%hi , J »,
d%
+¤\ I d Zef "#$%- /
^ gd,
Z-ià d¿
? E.*AN I#U E#,¡ g.¦, J
%gh +, d¿
2. ! g IA2] (Biological Difference)
^ A HO
*g
vOË I%t]¶ h´ g * dI
O gd, Id
! + ?
3. I d Zef "#$%- /
^ gd, +3i I¨#
A- hi¡ E%g.¦
O E#,¡ (measures) Eh%2I² Y I$+,A-
hi¡ I#U ",, %h#
*¤\, ¨*
I d Ze,
k, A/
^ +g g ",, (CEDAW) A¦ Q
d\ \/ A
+ ",,
§h² ¨] ",, %H]/
i A+i +* %
Z
O ,,
-
(mechanisms) , !? u , d
? I¬#¬#
%g
^I
4. E.¸.A. UT 1947 I¶m# *% Nw Z* %+ XZ³
(Commission on the Status of Women) I15 %HIJ AH
28
%gUm ~{
.H / H¸ / A#Á
Y, A\] A{U
A, %gUd A
I], A{U
%g*+I ,
, d¿
?
5. I d Ze, k, A/
^ +g g
",,(CEDAW) IA- 28 .i AH
,, $!
d0i# 3» (Reservation) +%HIJ ! §¨ I¬
*È 0 EhZO %hÁ
d\ %* E ¨]
I}%. \[ \/ ! ± I%+*%
^ Z*+O
Ó vd-# I3»
· Q ° h´ ,, A- 2
( È ) I3» A¬I
E¤\ Ó I3»
.¬ ,, $! Adti, oH
d
? Adti, *%H+
Æ Ó ! dti!O oHO ZO?
6. EhZ g- .$/ .
. I© Z
k
I! +NO, . E
Z*IJ ©
E¤\
I%+*% I#U $+,A- .$/ ",, §- I"] d
! , .
º I! E¤\ %2tZ !
% d !
d\ * +, I%!s
.$/ K
Z+* $+,A- ,, A+?
7. E
!
^ + i I $+,A- ,, AÂ# EÈ
d
? Adx, gd?
8. I d Ze, k, A/
^ +g g ",,
(CEDAW) /} EÈ I"] d
O?
N+
2! $
.
Æ *¤\
2! IÇ-
IImn
E
{ i dO[
.$/ +*I# E%g.¦
O SoQ E-q
di¬]O[
.$/ +*I# E%g.¦
O \ sIt
]]O[
29
IAN© ± SoQ E! \ E-q
¥ u dHO[
IA0e, i Z ^ I +3i IZhi si
I A%O +I#* E-[ \ ! A+U* }
vO[
IImn
Imn
Ik, $+, EzZ¥ NO I d %.i%
A/
^ .+H £d%
Imn
I\i%.· \dg
E3t s %vq Y], IIi S+TU[ IXYZ[ \I]/[
H\
E! \
^ ,
» %2tZ A
IJ, *1966
$., I %h]~ %vq Ak ± / H
© # I
I# Ig3 *IJ Ahi¡~ U*
Imn
h\ \I#
(Ethiopian Women’s Welfare Association) E! Imn
%{ \I#
(Ethiopian Female Student’s Association) %2t³ ! ,, E« u
Hd©, \I i \ +3i EzN,
^
+¯ ©
Ô E¤\ \I I SoQ[\[h E!
ë]´ d %ÔEY vi A3, A
I], I° I
\I
%0Z g. %g.! (limited in scope) I*%´ K 2J IJ +,
\I IXYZ
/[ \I]/ E! S+TU/ \dg I+gs
hi
A%ÔO E ¬3%k I# + dK
30
# I%+d IE# ! I
, ] d %.J /
©
# d Ië] +U% ´*J , Ii
3Z
A~ H+©!
Z
vv Nw H+2J
u o A
K+, I¨{ IIi E#I# ¾# I%!
O Ih Ig3 I
d Ii h# - Ez2!
*
Ezg# %+ A%ÔO AI#%
I¤\ Nw I] %vq
d *h# - I¿
^ i Ez.2 , Nw sÍ
+
dK
+, AN I
d
+ IXYZ[\I]/!
S+TU E
%vq +is r]/ SoQ *3iÔ A %+
^
SoQ!
ë]´ , I\ E-q + d i I2
I#U %H] A*!Ý
I*!g, d
2.1.
2.1. SoQ E- (Policy
(Policy Framework)
2.1.1. Imn
2.1.1. Imn
r]/ SoQ (National Policy on
Ethiopian Women)
IImn
{ +~{
± I1993 Imn
+ E
+Zhi
I# *% r]/ SoQ A£ ] d A
SoQ ! $,-
IS+TU[ I\]/ E! IIXYZ m {
*g E
%v
I ¨ ]! i H+} I
» %2tZ
Ez© E! ° .$/ Ez*IJ Nw
K[
2# \]/
Ez
¥!
+H "] !
+t+
Zi¦ Nw K[
Ig Id A%v. d %.i% !, H\
! ° º
/ # hi¡ Ihi¡ gË EzN, \¬ ]
*]! vw .û * Z*+O Nw Is I%U*
\¬ //
Ezd! INO, hi¡ vw A.s
Ðh %v Ez© K
31
d\ SoQ #$%-
^ Ig E
+is
2.1.2. ,\# E!
2!
2.1.2.
2! SoQ
SoQ (Education and Training Policy)
Policy)
32
0 +E
¦ %{ I2 ,\# s] ||
[ ,\]
2!
vh E! #$%- i IZs
#$% ,\# ||
i[
Z
#µ! Zhf %{ I³ -[ ,\# } ²s#
I%+d, I2# Å# ,\#
ë]f i *. ! !
m ! ,\# %#
ë], gh %H# ++gs
/
¡i/ ,\# ]øÖ I-
, ]v # #-#
Ez
á Ii ,\# %vq +vh Z*%O %H] i
%.sª
E¤¨,-
I2# AUH I#U Az ,\# } H (85% Az 2#
,\# } ])[
r]/
+vU Z
+~{
hi¡ %{ Az
U{+, ~[
I d Ze, Ö
/ # Ztg, K Uô[
%# I%+*%
+ 2-
+\Ii.· vg3[
²s# I,\]
2! % E! I*%k ,\# %
+vh Z
E#,¡ g.[
%{ I*%k ,\# % Zs # +
Z
2[
50% +,\]
2! %! (TTI)[ 30% +,\] X°º E!
+,\#
T + %g. (reserved for women) Ez i[
- I,\]
2! %! I*%k ,\# % qi, (focal
point) ,! 2!*# … g%
33
q I2! ° ,# A
I2 %{ u
Ez©
3 E E
hi ! I° I
.i / ,\# ®
+NO, +i ,, E« ,\# } %Ã ,
+ ,\# +2J!
+A# AhJ
º fO IfO %h]³ Adh+, I©, A]x .i /
~{
,\# ë], (Alternative Basic Primary Education Program) e£
%I]/ Ihi d dk
d\ ë], \Ii.· I3#· ,\# }
Ez
¥ A#Á
I3#· %hi , EhZ
+
º
,\# } H +
À2iÉ ¨ I¨{ A2td *1997 $., - 2001 $., ,\# i *E+ \0!
E* *%k ,\# %
+ %{ I Z
vd À2iÉ
% ,\#
.
² 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 $ / AU
E
g g g g g
1 E+ \0!
78,884 74,396 96,604 90,124 112,400 106,668 135,122 128,343 149,988 142,65 g
3
2
~{
6,391,461 5,057, 7,365,20 6,109, 7,583,30 6,430,700 8,205,44 7,135,34 8,196,498 7,356,
hi¡ (1-8 180 5 469 8 5 1 644
)
3 N+%k hi¡
(9-10) 553,914 306,82 678,716 387,70 760,674 462,988 793,228 514,691 803,389 578,93
0 7 6
4 À!
,\# 67,413 25,070 91,889 31,794 117,000 58,219 130,533 62,911 146,547 58,713
5 ø¶! f
"
2! 51,940 54,396 61,415 62,142 107,327 83,824 119,123 110,129 165,910 142,59
,\# 1
6
%k 108,287 33,476 136,438 43,679 156,879 53,577 206,336 64,020 229,489 91,338
,\#
34
,\# A]# vw .x %vq +is IZ
Nw
,\# E!
2! A]# # E! }%. ,\] \I# I%i[ I-I°!
I,\# } hi¡ %²
}%. AH! ,\] #¦!
\IJ AH I I! ! ,\# m d vw v+ E
A%
IA0e, I
Z-# , I /
¡i/ %{ d
I,\# } AUH Zef st +**
A2td SoQ[ ]øÖ E!
{
%%
2.1.4. AUH
2.1.4. AUH sIt SoQ (Environmental
(Environmental Policy of Ethiopia)
I
EhZ {U/ Ih
I%+d, ¨! i¡ ® Esi
EzN, vw .x
A+Y# A# i +s %ÔEY I+2
%Ö Ez© E
hi I%+
^ $+ %*. A# +¾
d\ E Z
iµ ! A# i +s I%H# Z I/
#$%- E
A
Z
vd % (climate change amplifies
gender inequality):: I$+ I\ *ZYJ . U*
² ²s#
35
ZgO Q IAUH +s, I+2 Ez¦ E
hi dk
d\ Nw
II+e ¨, ZeHi3 E IA
{U ¨# I%*.% U{! I+2
%Ö © A{U- A
{U/ h !
Hh ¨] ZYJ IAUH +s I- hi¡ .+H !
+,v°
\
+s- I!
,
*hi. ´ Ah *55-75% Z©
! s!
+ O I%+d, 2 I*H I.Z!/ A\
gi U UXd I,H
IwÉ
*´ . U*
80%
IJ EzN, E.¸.A I2003 IA I%2i
%+h f- (heat wave)
,
*´ U*
70% ! %iã
E¤\ *d -i·
A I*%k hi¡ IAUH +s %2Ø ! Z
+¤\ ¨] Z
gã AUH SoQ! \ I- Nw .+H ©
%vq Z
iµ dY#H
I° I
A# +s gd, AUH ]£ +, gd, +**
IZhi si *%k Z! E%g !
Ô +,v°- ÷w
/ª
2006 $+, ., Y
%Z { d AiÁÈ -I 3!ï (Green
Belt Movement) ] Q© IN+ ÷
%]] IN+ î\ ô #
» d Iî Z£2J A# I-
q %+
%%*O q I2017
*375,000 Id U#d Avd I,2s A# i +s +**
3 A%O Z
Ii *©, H|# I%Á A# ## I**
E!
hIk ¬! #x EzY# *%k #| dYi
I1989 Imn
AUH SoQ (Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ) AUH sIt
H+
*! IXYZ
Z¶ø# # I%HI# % +Z¶
,# } -# *eh- IÇ "] d
AUH SoQ ! $, %s E!
. .]³ Iv
¨ A
36
%s! . .]³ ¨ I2-,! I%h# ²
%!d Ez©
ISoQ[ Ië], E! Ië~* E! Ivw Ðh! IA0e, *g E
fO %vq EzY] SoQ #\ A# A-,ã
I\¬! IAUH
d Ivw Ðh[ I¨ H+} E! %h# %¯
Ez
¥
is ° So. i .2 d \]/! #$%- d
I%+*%, SoQ AUH }! \¬ ,\# #- INO,
\I]/[ IXYZ
/! H\/ \i%. s
O Ez
v
Z
h# I%Å{, I%s ! AUH A
¬ %.J
A¸ø³ A
.]%Æ I*%k hi¡ vh EhZH AUH
SoQ d
0
I# +**
gd, + g $+,A-
,, Imn
eh- Q ,,, %vq A3! .2 $+,A-
,, Imn
, I# +**
Hg SoQ %vvd
E3! I2 %vq EzU% %h#Á
Imn
AUH sIt SoQ
A0e, I%+*% AU[ /
© # E! \I].
A- # Ezv%Ã Z
Ô Q +#$%- %.2 i A%k
d\ Nw +%U*
Z*%O E#,¡ %gh
E¤\,
d ,{
Iyh]
AUH sIt H+
Ez,
%h#Á
[
IAUH sIt vw Ðh u %vq +is
(Strategy) %
[
I¨] I# + I%h ô]/ # # #
%vq Z
]øÖ %ª
[
+ AUH +s } ÅI i INO,
E! IN+
*% A%h %UÐ
37
H+
# % d ,{
I. Çd
%¯ A+!
EzN, I
O AUH sIt d ,{
I%¯ Nw A+-J
! ! ! +¤\ %vq *AUH d A0# I¨]
o.]I ZH d © NO, oI dH
2.1.5. u!
u! SoQ
u! EU} ® .$/ AU
E.¸.A I1979
I d Ze, !, A/
^ +g g $+,A-
,, IA- 12 # Eh%+*% AH
Iu! A2HI3
I%+d, }%. ,w Å, Iu! A
E
%2tZ Ez©
Z
h# SoQ! \ E- ¨] Ez
á d2dt
EhZ g- E*
3# ± i I¨] + Zhi u! EU} A!v I# yh]
\-
IE#¬!! Igo ,
Zh#H +**
!
u +2I3 Z
}%. ,w ,\# ® E
I
Ô hÁ
,\# E! u! A
+ I±
EÅi Zô I~ Ih ,\#! u! A
Ez
¥
i \- / È A+I I¤\ .i, +u! ZhI I~
EÅi sª
E.¸.A I1989 4% Ii u! I~ E.¸.A I2002 gh 7%
AÁ
+¤\ ! ,
85% *\e # %
(obstetric
complications) Q© IØ u! A
U+® Zx © s!
© ,
+,v°- ¸.Ad.R ¸[ h,[ TR[ gH E! %2
, Esi I A%ÔO
h#O
38
IImn
E! ´ I*%k Nw EzÅ,# *Z
h# ,
U*
h\
%2I- #¡ *%k #| A+ I¤\ .i *23 E! ´
h\
%2I- #¡ 36% d!
E! ´ I*%k Nw Å#
*}%. E3 i¡ E! A
® # Is3 %£]® A go
u! A
Ez
¥ +i ¨] }%. E3 %2tZ
Ez© % i¡! A
2 A+I E! Igo ±
% \,! A
E! Ô\! Nw *%¯ IE! d
Zh#. ´ gd, *H u! # - dK
Y, IImn
s]
+ u! A
/
^ vdhiH ®
A d\ u! A
® EU
KO i I\dg Y# [
u! EU} ® [ … g% Ediµ E3 ds]
, +E!! \0!
^ i I2 s] 2I- u! A
Ez
¥ Ii d dk
I3# (accessible) u! A
Ez
¥
+K
+100,000 \¬ A à
[ +25,000 \¬ A u!
EzN,
+5,000 \¬ A
Z.s A u! ÷ H E3 dú I] d
d\ Nw , I-O / I3# / I¤\ % u! A
Ez
¥
39
A
+E! I2 %~i E3t Z+ u +,
“A, E! Igo ,
´ +H,” Z+ #\
vU
%H
d !
*¤\ + yh]
u! sIt Z¶ø# I
¬ $ *s# 01 -
E* s# 30 - +E g#
\
£ I ¨{ “A, E! Igo ,
´ +H,” IZ
{ t
+\i%.· } ÅI ] *!g©
+ u! EU} A
.2 i AU E¤\
E3t I¤N *-2O Imn
Iu! %# Zo¶f
vU Eh,
% Z
I
À2i¬ ¨-
¨- Ih]
# %vq
1992 1997
g g ,#]
\¬ %gUm 502 42 413 117
,/}
yh»³ ,/} 110 7 91 21
40
g g
Z¶. 16 1 20 2
,/Z¶ 12 4 30 5
,¶# È -- -- 30 5
A,Hvh 16 4 35 3
41
2.3.
2.3. \ E- (Legal Framework)
Framework)
2.3.1. \-
2.3.1. \-
E
+is *%g.¦ \ E-q U*
I-Z
Z2-. Iyh{ \- I1987 $., e£ I] d + d\ \-
*-hf \- # Q0e# + E
^ i .2 \-
H
E EhZ g- \- ¨{ Id \
I© IAk \-
U% # A2td H\{d
© Z g I¤\ .i .i / I\- A-
34[35 # %h Q IA- 34 .i IK *g # E
! dh
\- I¤N A- 34(5) # }%.!
d
I%+*% IH\
! ÇdY # } \ ®
*Ii Q d\
o Z+ IE¤\ # } +® t I3Z
Q.µ
© I
Ô %hÁ
Y, A ± t II Nw ,
IE¤\ /} Ez¥ Qhi d%
+¤\ Eh,v° Z2-. g/ *z¡
I³# d d\ d %2t³ I
Ô E%tg I{$ /} E
%hiI Q ^ A* yh]
23d /} dH %2d£I 23d
/}, # /} vw Aª
IÅi|, ^ \- #, s
ï
Iv +\- m A{ H¸ -# \- A{ H¸, /}
vw *\- # Zti Y I® vw %0Z Ed A#Á
\- A- 35 I#U .i / .$/ .! .2 Q
E#,¡ %2tZ Å, *Ö
/ # 2I3
[ I¨{ IZgµ SoQ ë]´ ]øÖ v% [
# [ » H+} %h#! %+ [ ] -2#
[ u! EU} ® ! ! ! d\ +e,
ZO I#U \ gs%
EzN, I"] d IJ "#$%- .i
hi
^ Z
%!¦ \ ||
%H] %*!
42
I%Å{, I.y.È.{. \- IA- 9(4) "# I
Ehh Imn
I%+
^ m {
I#U $+,A- ",, Ih3 ¨{ \ AU
A#+ Imn
U§h-K $+,A- ",, U*
I d Z§,
!, A/
^ +g g $+,A- ",, A¦
I¤\ \- / Ó .i d\ $+,A- ,, Imn
\ AU
Ý
+ +, I",, %U% .i /
+¨], %ÂZ A I%Å{, I d Z§, !,
A/
^ +g Ig $+,A- ",, s %U% .i /
I\- A- 34 E! 35 "# I
EzU% %h#Á
43
E
K Z
Ii +, %||+ }%. \ d\
^
Hgh
N+, K E
18 $ Ez h Q
Ó, A
2.3.3. 3s# \
44
*go I 30 - E! *go I¿ 60 - *
# I23 90
- go Ei ® A
-h, Q
*go I¿ d.s Ii go Ei 45 - Ii Q IA ²s#
376/96 gh 60 - AÁ
45
g
s
ï
1. ,\# E ²
v{
© +NO,
h´ I%+
^
,
*g E
# E
v
¥ £d%
,\# E
U¥ ]v, .$/ +*I# A © Ad-#, E!%
(.
Æ) *~{
hi¡ ,\# } E.* *%k ,\# %
+NI \dg
, x,# I I,\# Ðh
Z
s¯ E3 gd, .! %g
^H I¤\ AUH
E%g.¦
O E#,¡ J +3i IØ !? IØ U
© ,
hi A+I N?
2. IXYZ E
%2tZ +is I h (Financial
Support) A¦ Ã *ZhiI A¦ H # Ez
¥
Ii Y, I%H# EhZ HX + Z.µ #
AIi ZH
I hi¡ d A
hi., ,
,!? %g
^I
3. %||+ yh]
}%. \ (
, %vvd ) I¨dY E! IH\
.i Z§f K I# ¬ , *Z§, K # E
u
© dh
d\ QH
¨dY gd, H\
.i
%h# Q§, Eh¨dY gd, H\O ]v k (+,v°- E
[
t[ …) .i Ii K Ez§,
h#O + gd I}%.
\ d %-µ k 2I3 A+H?
4. I d *Z§, / st A¦
+E
K I¨]
+E
K +§, ZÃ ,
,!?
5. I¨{ IZUô¦
E3t v% E
II.y.z.{. \- E! IImn
AUH sIt SoQ I
%Uª
%vq I%H# I, hi¡ d dk
? %v
A%k *%H+
,
I¬#¬# %g
^H
6. E
I%+*% II.y.z.{. \- E! I%+
^ ¨{
So. x,# EzU% %h#Á
d\ © +
+ d I¬#¬#
%g
^I
7. E
2I² gd, iµ A *%ÅHx
Nw # I! %g
^I
46
2! $
.
Æ *¤\
2! IÇ-
I d Z§f st A* dHO[
I¨] I Z§f / st $d di¬]O[
st Z
*O / dHO[
st . di¬]O[
/ st +**
\ AU ! Z! +d% diO[
I\ AU I
Z ^ Esi dHO[
/ st +**
E-[\ ! A+U* }
vO[
3. #$% .i
hi st gd, I d
Zef / st
#$%- .i
hi st .$/ +is (+*I#)
Zhi si I*%k Nw Z
h!3Ã ! st QH
A . I°
. AU/ E! -
!/ gd, \, +i I. Ze, #
.i
hi st (Gender-Based Violence) IN+, d oe,
Z
st , IAk Ze I/
¡i d © Z
*]#
Adh+, #$%- .i
hi st H ¬3%k \I]/ E!
IXYZ
/ , Ig! I U*
H+ I/
Nw
Zx ¤\ $d st I!, ± +, I.,, I¾# ±
oe, Z
47
*71% Id Z© I3# AK st EhZh#H s!
+
2. \Ii.-
\Ii. \Ii.· #$%- .i
hi st Ie, %!d
I\Ii.· *Zef st U*
A #[ 2+[
+E
K[ gQ st[ I
[ Ih ¬f ] .][
gQ Xv[ E! ]] ! ! ! E¤\ st I] [
Iø [ Ii}[I,\#! I° % deO I%Å{,
! s
- +
Eh%2I- Y st I$+, {
IZ¥
¨] Zef !
3. I
I AU-
AU #$%- .i
hi st I AU,
de
d\ # IA ¨# %g. vd INO, ¨] Ze,
Q I¾#, g3 I., ± st .+H ! A
#[ hH[ gQ Xv[… g% I. AU Zef /
st ! \ A0Z AU I%+d, So Çd
IsIt # HO
d / st dÔO I%Å{, I¾# .]/ AH .,
A*H{ Çd
Å, I d %vvd st dÔO d\
Nw /st I., ± *Ze d
3 I¾# gd, Ix ±
Ze - %HIJ h%Æ d *%k XZ³ (
) Eh%+e Ix ,
*Z!-O U*
-----------------
dgO I¤\, ,
------------- Z© / st
dh#H
+¤\ I d Zef / st ,
\
Avv E!
! A
U .+, J I si K Z-i
H+© NO ! si Z2d3
%Ö/st/ .+H
.+H
I¨], Imn
I° $+, #$%- .i
hi st INO,
E
Z¥ (+, \0![ *i/
¡i/[
v )
! EzN, %J
%J [ I\I]/ hi¡ *%k d
hi, © I¬3%k hi¡ d Z¥ NO st .+H ! I¨]
Imn
*A $ ¨0 E* 40 $ EzN, *¤
Id E
48
A # st dh#H
Y, st I Ze *5 E* 25
$ E
U*
IZ¥ d © s!
+ O -h,
Q
++Ô Eh%´*i st .+H %{[ ,\][ } .]%Æ[
.]%Æ[ ! gµ /
¡i[ AE, I³%Æ (,%Æ)
¨ , E! NO +st %+µ Q© AU
%Æ , /
st de,H
# 0Z +* I d st Z
h#
Ik, E
[ ,\#[ ][ \I]/ E! IXYZ
/ hi¡ d Z¥
g ! st eZ Ak ± I\I]/ E! IXYZ
/ hi¡
*%k d Z¥ IZI ± st .+H st Ahi O, E«
%Ö t
A,Y Z-I
+, +¤\ st .+H hi.H
st/ I]v A +
¬ dhO
3.1. I
3.1. d Ze, st
IIm
IIm
¨) \]g· A%v.-
A%v. I° $+, EhZ NO I¨], g
Id I%t]¶ h´ I A%v. I\Ii.·
Z dI
Nw d%O I%Å{, \i%.· Z
*O IZH U+
%v Eh sJ H\
!
dú +! +² I d Zef Ö
/ # *\i%.· A%v. # %¦ ! +,v°-
# Ze ª gh Ii ¥ (future sexual desire)
I- +H (+Í) ! E£d IZ
%vv% A%v. ,
©
%2t³
49
Å, ¨ I} A
I], I d g.
E*3#
± i A
%i2, I# +, I]ü , h# / ,g / d
H+YJ g¦ (H) E E23 *i, ° +® g¦
Ie, ]ü +st E
s
hi
IAxJ %K ] Nw
A+Y#[ ] E
A+Y# (lack of job opportunities) ¬3%k IXYZ [
\ … g% II+2 / st %x Ez© A#Á
50
A- 644 d\ Ó H
Z , h# ¥ +£2# E!
2H
, A]# +2I3 Z
+g¦
!e I%Á
Z H ¥ £2#, 2H^ A]# +2I3 E#,¡
. A, ,
*¤\ Id % Ó +* -f \ /
^ IeHi3
]v #| EhI] + A
, Y, d\
I%||+
yh]
}%. \ A ²s# 213/92
^ Hgh Nw %|
3.2. "#$%-
"#$%- st
st I d Z
*+
I d Zef / st I d Z
*O A*! %gv.I
© I#U %hi s!
iO I d Zh# st AU/[
-
!/ / AE,A/ / E! \I]/ IZ
EhZ*%+ IAxJ +3i
%´Í
1. AU/
AU/
-
I d Zh# AU/ e% *Z£^I ± AÂ# IN+
* dK
¨. ±
/ AU/ -
- d\ $d AU/ ±
/ ! \,
Y# Z
+ I¤\, .i Ist ,
I%+
^ AU
/
. / * [ £ s[ £is gd, £ s (xi)
IZ
s,I ± Z. gd, \, gd, \f
±
/ I© £d o2 Z
+. Z AU/ -
d\ Ad u ±
/ vd IZ Z-s
Z*
© Z
+ +¤\ Z 2Hv! ,
(long-lasting scars and marks) +AU
%k +s gd, ´ v.O
IZ Z
² ! Ist ,
Z*. u!
! Ii ¥ AU Z%+Ã % I³ !
I¨]
% Z ^ !
st .+H
¡i *© IAU/ E ,%k EzN, st gQ
51
st[ A # Q
%+ E#¬! Å, E#¬! %*
Igo ± Z*. # (birth related complications) o
*
Z
I AZ
Z d
2. -
-
!/
-
I d Ze, st Z
*+ IAU
d K %gY Z.-#
vd IAE, gd, I-
! d Z
*+, I-O Z
Ad, Igh \dg d Z
v# 2Hv I-O ZhiI Adh+,
*-
!/ # A0# Z*%O ! ! ! E¤\,-
H\{d +gs +,v°- , [ A
s
£ (bedwetting) E3
[
I] % -[
I}%.[ I\Ii. d E, [
° + E! ¥ +2# A+K
[
Å3[
Az # // (development of new fears)[
AE, ,%k (mental retardation)[
I,\# u d - (reduce in school performance)
52
3.
/ (\I]/ )
) -
-
*d *%+æ I%Å{ / st I d
/
*
I¤\ .i-
+
[
[
,\# is[
I,\# u -[
gh *% +! +%Å{ st +s[
A3,! %23 *IXYZ! \I]/ ! Edgµ
h#
[
I] % E! AU
h\ AdY],[ Eh+ +-v-
AdO,[ N
± d]O[ d-tO
3.3. IImn
%% Z ^ #$%-
#$%- st
I#U st $d I I¨] %% dkO *E¤\, U*
Z*%O sØ !
3.3.1. } s st:-
st d\ st I¨]
Ze, st $d
st *AU/ st ~, E* gQH/ gd, -
!/ st Z
2t
} s st ZHO hhH[ Ah #[ ]][ !
2#[ Xv[ i .HI#! *s3, û i[ %+h ] E.J
*
*
[ *
*
Z
U% I%vvd Nw IZ d
Ze, / st IImn
%+h } s st ©
Ô
IH K dhIhHO d\, Is *, E* AU
h
Zh#
AU I+ £]is[ I+ i . I%X g IZK
d A.tØ st Z
h# Q A
q A
q \dg +
s
Z
+H K Zô¦I v
v² *} gh x *gµ[ *° g # *%2i2J[
gd, *H K # i ¥ A
,, UO H ZK
hh
+
HO ¤\ st ! ,
IIXYZ
*g¦ # E
A+ E! ° A]x ° © d\ Nw
53
I2J Imn
*
ZYJ 71% st .+H ! %hi s!
d2-O s² Zh#H H K d\ i
+Z. ^ gh \ +3i Ad
, EzN, A
IH K Zh#H hH +Zg Zæf E. hH
3# + A# g¦
H K U
hIhí dg A#
£sJ I#U AO d\ E Z
2!J AHH s- dK
+,v°- “Iv, A ± Aí]
] H
H
AdH
,” d\ AHH
Iv,
A ± Z U
hIhI Eh H
Ad£2#, Z
E Z
%
° AHH
h´ “H
# 3} s# ” Z
Q Z
%
,
E H
¦ gd, hH Eh%2i 3} x Z
+¤\
J +3i 2U] ] ] d2t
54
# INO, Imn
Ze, Ö
/ # I2003
Ir]/ Ö
/ # Ag XZø %hi .v s!
EhZ
+%
# *H\
! E, # %£]® ©! I#![
E
,![ XëT[ ëø E, %* m d§
d\ # I\-
%i2 AU
h\ (A- 16) I0i# Ze, #
# INO, ¨{ Ze, Q IsØ I} (g+)[
I,}! E! I¡, A
# Ade,, *
#
I%Å{ IA ¨]
(genital infibulations)
%H]/ dhi
# *Ze,H ,
U*
gh gQ I- +H E[ H\
! dY #$
+I#[ U
%i Ä\ Adh+, % +Z ! Z
H A , Z
A%v. I\i%.· I Y# ! EzN, I \dg d
Z
*+ AU/[ -
!/! u! I
A+i, ° ,
55
# .$/ Zs %H# I© +g # gh~
# Y IAz g~
\ %hÁ
I©,
# e[
I# %v% . * g# H
I+2 gd, *A, # I
3
-
(A- 565) I° I
X $ E*
5 $ IZh# *H 3 Z
- Q I# ,
Iu! gd, IAU
d *hi.! Ig~
\ *H 3 Z
- * 3 *5 $ E* 10
$ oh# d
\ %* } ÅI ] I\i%.·
I I.]
# E- sª
+,v°- IA# r]/
/
# +£, \i%.· } Ivh #
+£, \Ii.· HH d Ihi I$ A - ei-# - Y I
O
Ez*I# g
d\ %H# I° ,
-s
,
U, Y, E*
Åi| Ezg[ %Å{ si i %
3.3.3.
+ E
K-
K
+E
K INO, ¨{
Ze, Ö
/ #T , J IA]
Z d A AUH
E
*¤\ Z
, *7 $ E* 8 $ E
Z¥
º Ez
· dhiO *10 $ E* 12 $ E
s Z¥
¡i K e, %+h I¤\ E
K ZÔf
° ! Eh%2I² E#¬![
+! vh Ç *H
h#H
I
Ez
.! (
vh Ç+)[
E!
Ez© , }%. EzY]
h#
Å, +°+ %+
^
u! %+µ !
56
$ E] 3 dI
s Q E
*13 $ I * 3 *.H
$ dI
s © dh
3.3.4. 2+:-
2+ d\ # *ª t E!/gd, *}%. t x Ih
Ze, K Eh° st NO d\ #, I¨] I%+d, I2#
AUH % Z d # ,2+ hH E! E
+Zh#H +AU
gd, ´[ h%k
!
%i \dg (K)
Y#[ x- (A ± ] +s Z
h# x-) [,\#
is[... g% v.O
*
57
gQ Xv %+h .i
hi st st Ik,
+, I][ I,\# %[ I d[ .. g% oe, Z
# I%+
o+Ô Z
Q gQ Z-.3 ø{ Iv[
gQ -t³ H\{
A%
2[ ª .
IU[
… g% oe, Z
° Avv d \0!, ¤\ st .+H ! A* $ E
58
Z¥ \0! %h
QH
AdK
, ,
I ,
N+!
$ \0! oh¦ ZOI AE,, AU
t d Ad¥,! I°
I
60 E! 70 $ E! *¤
Id A N+! $ \0!
d d\ .
# QÔ, Iu! AE, I
K % e
% /} As I3 K + % ? ° stï E#,¡
Ai . +H,? d\ ,
I ,
AN AN IÅ3 \0! d
E%ef
O A I! I*iZ IHI
*\Ii.· g[
! H\
µ! EUN
IJ E I!, x,#
AH I
¡K g´ IE\K d A # #
QfH ^ Avv
h#
59
d\ d *Z+* Ó # %h]] g~
Y Ez %hÁ
I°
I
+~{
± Az g~
\ IA- 621 # g¦ hi *5
$ IdI
s E] 3 EhZ
.- Az Ó AUª
3.4.
3.4. SoQ E! \ A0e,
/ st NO A- # I© Ik, $+, Ze, © -h,
Q
%23ü
s! EhZ
+ I$+, {
*Z¥ U*
A hIhH+[ +gQ h+ gd, I° st d#H
d\,
st IAk Z§ IZ
² . +, IH
gd, I}%. AH
EzN, IE#¬! g3 *A] U*
A +st %+2 !
EhZ g- J +3i I$+, A-[ IA\]/ E! Ir]/ hi¡ I#U
,, %h# I] d ! IImn
, J + SoQ
*3i A %+
^ \ I I%I# d !
d Zh# st Ig E
+is I%g.¦ I#U E#,¡
Z*%O
U, gu E ^ ! *E¤\, U*
-
•
+E
K[ 2+! A # E%* %+ {S# Z
h#
,\# XZø i[ I%Å{, I*%k ,\# % #$%-
qi, i ! + %{ N+%!/ 2 ~J[
• I\Ii.· %~J
U, %´ IA \Ii. I d
Zh# st +**
Zi¦ %H] E%*!g© dkO +,v°-
]Ó \Ii. H\/ \[ A]A,H \Ii. *K I ¸ Ad
R/¸ ,#] Ez
h# È dsO[ EzN, IAiA,H \Ii.
#$%-
^ A+YJ[ Igd AUH h I+3 ± Å
+*
*
! %
!
# Z*+
©[
• }%. \! » A%h#! A2t-, \ E
Hi2
-i0 » H+} Ez© . E
2i ©[
• I E! \0! d Zef st +**
I]øÖ E!
Ië]´ EzU% hi[
60
• I\ AU A%h# s E#,¡ .¦ +,v°- I\I]/
/} * Æ A Ý[
• Ö
/ # E! I d Zef st +-i *u![
*#! E! * d % XZø %´ "] I%h]~
E
*!g © EzN, Ö
/ # Ag XZø
I¨# A- hi¡ %´ E%-v-. ©[
• ô]/ SoQ +e, E! E
+is Iyh]
IZ¶ø# hi¡ I
h´ I hi¡ , E* gi +-
Ahi¡~ 2J I%Å{, d ,]
II#U Z¶ø#
/} f d i E
® ,[
• I {
Z.J I#U /
© #
+,v°- Imn
\ H+f \#[ u!
\I#[ ,\# \I#[ AU
%Æ \I#[ Imn
A
\I#[ r]/ AU
%Æ \I#[ ... g% %
[
• I d st 0Z gh So 3i! ^ *
Nw
||
v[
• I¨{ HO \ ,\# } #$%- ! \ Eh A X# EzU%
hi[
• IImn
So X° I#$% ,\# s #$%- EzU% hi[
• I0/\[ I/}[ So[ IQR
\I] E! IA2td \Ii.·
%HI# +vh %+
^ ] E%.J ! I¤\ .i
I,\# Z¶ø# I
\¬ ,\# 2 ~J[ \Ii.·
I^ {
Ezg
d E%hi © E!
,
s E
hi
!
*d %iJ I#U
U, E#,¡ Ig. E
Iis I
AIi u %· , *J ! s
- A0#
fO IfO %-ià H+© d%O *E¤\, U*
Z*%O !
! ! E¤\,-
61
• INO, A0Z AU .+ IØ } A+
¬[
EzN, I d d ²#2 [
• I#$%- Z! E! ¥ d Zhi +s *H\/!
/ A.]
%t´ (resistance) 2f:: *¤\ A0# ³° %2+
/
¡i/ *2 # K EÔ, ! 2#[ ^ IE#3
IÅi d\, Nw EzZs A+[
• }%.I *IXYZ # A0#[ g¦ }%. IXYZ
/[ \I]/ E!
° Nw I
ºK E
+K vdh# #[
• Ö
/ # E! I d Zef st +,v°-
#[
+E
K[ IK d K[ … g% {S# hi
Nw ¬3%k [
• I d Zef st ++s Zz
%vq A%k
dñ, -
I#$%- d
} A!v [
i¡ +® gh \Ii.·
£ A+i[
IAk (I%+d I2#) »m ° ! +s, ±
+dY]
g
s
ï
1. E
Z
iµ ! SoQ IZ+ hi¡ Ed§f
E3 © ,
,!?
2. Z ^ +3i g. ZH %Å{ %ô E#,¡
,!?
3. %||+ I.y.z.{. g~
\ gQ Xv (Sexual Harassment)
I%+*% IA- 625 # h Q Ó gQ Xv I%¯ Nw
AU%%, I+ Z*]*J gY AO E!% d\ Ó Istï I
gQ Xv +**
IØ A+© %g
^I IØ Adh+, UN
U% IiI , s I+ A]J
62
4. Ig
So Ig~
\ A%h# #$ -Z %!d © +NO,
Ô So
g~
I**
.,! h\ I - #|
+ %, I d
Zh#. st ***
A0# So Zg% Z! I d
Zh#. st +**
So 2 . **
] ] A+I
\i%.· A%v. +s +, \i%.· %# ] I ]
dH
*° AU # I%HI# I] A+I ] K+ E3 A
-v- dH
**O ] u Ez Is! d %.i% #
63
ç **
(problem solving approach) %H]/ i
d2I3I
64
+ # {S# ~
65
¥ 2# EzN, +%2#{ g~
{! ° 2tZ i¡
® 2tZ [
• %2#{ U
%
%2#{ +!
¬ %H# *!g %2#{
g~O I%eI U
%
E! U
g- %2#{ ++
Z
O Nw% g. I+ Ðh %Ö -! # +®
si i dH
[
• ,#] ¬· I2!-3 +0/\ i* I d Ze, #$%-
st ,#] Istï .]
+I d +¤\ So *0/\ #
IU*# i¡ +® si i gu ] +] 2tZ
A {S# q#, I2!-3 +0/\ # E! IZ23I ±
NO! IZI Ðh /} % * %
Q
, ,#
2 dH
66
Zh I© ISo, E+ %E+ .] Q
*!© deHit
I¤\
% H
A%v. ,
st .+H © gh So A}
+3i AdY], gd,
%k d!O[
• IØ i¡ A+.. Ak ± So #{ %Å{ si
Ii i¡ *.. d
3 ^ I / / Ez.J
+%2Ø gd, + }%. % Nw d%
[
• -s%k i¡ d i #$%- .i Ii Ze, st
I3 Ze, I© i¡ +® A{ ©
vdv/ È I2-, %Å{ i¡ ++ So A3,! si
i Z2d3 dN! I%H# Z So I,# gd,
I%*v³ t
d K Ii I© u d d
[
• ,#] ¬ A2!£ +0/\ Eh÷ ²2# ,#] ¬
A#% +Z+*% AU
U Eh ÷ Z£sJ So ,#]
AH I#U ! %2#{ -iII i¡ IØ H+© +-3 +E
Ad.,[
• , gh /} 3i Eh%Å{ ] ²2# Ak #{
So AH g~+k 3 #$ \ A- 124 .i Ii
, gh /} 3i ] 0/\ %H# © d*]*]O +,
° AU
] I%Å{ ] Ez
HO d\ Nw I#U #$%-
st , H3iH E
s
[
• d Ze, st o **H g~ o/ ¬/ d A+U%
So *H g~ ! Z g~ Zi¬#I ¬ A+
I
d *Ze, A # g~
I%-# ° st
%U% Ad¥, +¤\ i Z.2 *H +© g~ K d!
+,v°- *H #£[ i[Ii d Zef g~
^ i Z.s
Q .i A# Zef g~ +, I d Zef
g~ IE! d Zef ! E g- i A¥, +
d\, So %||+ I.y.z.{ g~
\ + st
U%
Ó IZH U+i *¤\ %v, I d +Zef st
Z.2 i A%k [
67
• I d Zh#. st +**
Is! d %.i% \i%.· Av
Z
h# g~
**
EhAUH Nw %H]/ A+hi
+,v°- I,\# }[ I*%k ,\# %[ I] [ … g%
I d Zh# st +[ J ! s
- s![
eZ! %2Ø [ ¸ E! %ô H*% Nw
Is! J I
+ A+K
[
• So / st hi.H i .s (being gender-sensitive)
%! Nw A!v © %2Ø ISo #[ %[ …. g%
Iv.O m h Ed¦ (traumatized) 2-3 A ,
Ak ± d\ Qhi Ad d,[
• I#$%- {
+So AH Z.2 A3, H
2! A%k [
*d %iJ ISo %, I
Z%O E! I° AU Z ^
# u So st +**
IZ
h# si
d AO / %ÔEY Z
vJ I© o%U*O ZH !
68
I%K+ 2 NO, m Is dY#H
%Ö Is´!/Istï
s[ .+^ sU»! *%Ö # I #[ %Ö I,#
+ Z! E! +%Ö
+ Ç +[ *i I IØ i¡
..· is[ ^ +-2
U
+ d\© Nw +%Ö vg3!
d-s
I ,
+ A+I I%Å{, +i -iI d
Istï ##[ ISo %.I.I i¡ ,,[ i¡ Q,
%2!-- {S#[ .[ [ \,! i¡[ %Ö q
]q[ g~O %eI q][ %2#{ q][ %2-
v{
[ % i[ qiQ ,#][ -´ g~
{[ ¸#
,[ qiQ ,#[ *%Ö x
O , x,# Istï
dY#I
d\ IEz\ E
+ 0/\ {S# / A%
/ Q
-# g~O H\{! *H[
+ %*v H\{! -´ {[ Z
h Nw [ IsIt! I3
Nw \i%.· *, H
+I Q *# I¿, *S°
O. # I# ]
69
i .s Ez.] 2!*# ] ]
I%Å{, AHk
Eh¤\ $d Agt-# ,[
• IZI! Ivw ± I¡ ,
+ A
q A
q
s
0/\ IZ
I g3 Z
*¦ ,
d dH
I%vvd Nw Ivw g3 A%
+/} Q
-#· I¡
,
+ d
[
• So ,#] Ðh A+* %
/A+£2#/ E! A+2
Ig~+k 3 "-"#$ \ IA- 8(2) .i 0/\ So ,#]
] £2#! So I\ .i %HJ *!g© * %
Ç
A+I Y, 0/\ ] Z~,i So ,#] ¬· Q
+
I© So \% .] gd, ° %Å{ ]
Az E¬
+2 dhO d\, ,#] Ðh EzÁ%
h#
A \%
± +, IZ
o +Ã dO ,, E« *3# ± gz\ ||
E
, I~ I
A
q A
q d
[
• 0/\ st hi.H i (being gender-sensitive) .s
A+%! It+ 2d3 ± t #¾ A+2-,[ +%2Ø /+%Ö/
I# } + -#$ A++[ %Ö * A-,¾
#[
° . %![ ,!i Is´! A+* %
[ %Ö
Ãk
*Z¦ %H] U*
![
• g~
Y# *ZhI 0/\ ²s# #
%2 H+© 0/¨ ,#] ¬· Istï +## IØ ±
+2
, Ig3 I~ t ## A+i[
• IØ i¡ A+Y# i , I0/\ d gh- © Z g3
Ak #$%- .i
hi st *^ H\{d A0# IØ
i¡ +dY# %2#{ %2i2iI g~
ef *s#» Id
+i A{ [
• g~O %eI - I
A+¬ I#{ So
% E!
# %eI - vd Z-#I ±
s
g~O %eI - g² I#J Ðh I, A ©
70
-© A+ g² gd, %vv% - 2- , A
H %*v I0 .!I
u o
*
d
[
• u ISo ,#] u d %.i% So I,#] ±
Z.2 i A%k (A} I-I
[ i¡ I.. E!
i¡ I2I3)[ , t
I¬
+
% I#$%-
st d Z-# u EdvU
h#
EzN, I## ± ,#
A+Y# EzN, I%+
^ ,
I# } -#I ,# A+2
d
A ± A , d-#HO ° d-]O /} %+x
-2 d.O IA¦ -2 -iI I° -2 d-]
^ dÁ%
IÅi|, E
s
71
g3[ "! Q- Nw (conditions) -s[ %2#{
%-µ Nw IJ is[ %-µ Nw IZI ±
,³ "2 % I #J Ðh +,"
^ i 2
EzN, %Ö A +® Nw K A+I /} I##
Ðh %Ö h\ (safety) is +, I%*v gd, I2It g*H!
+ Ede,H 2I3 E! /}, % hs EzÀ
72
•
Æ A"%v. Y# A Æ "#$%- I%+*%
%% A%. u Ivw
vd-# d§Hit
/
¡i/ I%+*% I\i%.·
+ "# .hh H\
!
/ A+U* Æ "] Q
*!© x,# E%eHi- dk
Æ I## Ðh K vd Iw
, / A/
^
Q
eH#² d
O +,v° Ig/d//² 173/93 Iyh]
*%k /}
%À2 w d\ E Z
is [
• I"#$%- d Zhi st A"
Z-# " %+
(skill) 2²
Ô *° %] g~
# %+ Æ
A3,! +h "
2! A , I gd, IIØ Nw
Q.s Ad d, Iyh]
*%k # } I d Ze, Az
# g~
Z
d %+ % , I
H+YJ
i oÀ2 dH
g
s
ï
1. I¨] I d Z§, st Z* %
[ Zi,# K
U%% So · ,
+ 2-
,? A+?
2. I d Z§f st Ak ± I3 +Z§f E
+ , / i¡ / I-O ®
]
+¤\ I¤\
$d Nw Z§f g~ ,#] u +i So ,
i dY#I
? A/\ , E i dH
?
3. I d Zh# Çd
st +**
*A/\ , d2I3I
?
4. I d Zh# Çd
st Z* %
^
, #
***
AÂ#
+ d ,?
N
, , d
?
5. A ¨] I d Zh# Çd
st A
Z-# Ad
Zg %+ A²
Eh¤\ $d Ik ¨# f
+ 2-
%g
^I Ez\ $d m I Æ K d
+
2-
! A]J
6. I d Zh# Çd
st +**
I$+,A- hi¡ E! Ir]/
hi¡ %U*
E#,¡ %gh
E%g.¦, ! Y, I
73
d Z§f Çd
st, © Ö
/ # AN, I%H# AO
d\ o K+I ,
, d
?
7. IdH /²s# 173/93 yh]
*%k /} .2 vw I· !N
Ig
vw s %U% / A/
^ Z
v^ $i%
gd, t I+ %g
^I w /
^ A
§H#3,
*%H+, I,
d %# N A]J
8. I d Zh# Çd
st +**
/ U
© # E!
*\Ii.· Z2I- A%O I¬#¬# %g
^I
ÄNq
1. Myles Munroe (Dr.), 2006, Understanding the Purpose and Power of
Woman, Raey Publishers, Addis Ababa.
2. Fana Hagos, 2009, Women’s Right to Survive Pregnancy and Childbirth in
Ethiopia, Ethiopian Journal of Legal Education, Published by Justice and
Legal System Research Institute, Vol.2. No.1, Addis Ababa.
3. I d Zhi !,
^ +g %hi ,, ( E.¸.A.
1979 )
4. NOA- .$/ +(E.¸.A. 1948)
5. $+,A- QR
! S+TU ,, (E.¸.A. 1966)
6. $+,A- IXYZ[\I]/! H\
,, (E.¸.A. 1966)
7. I d Z§f Çd
st +g g %HIJ
+ (1993)
8. I.y.È.{. \- (1987)
9. 1952 ùr# \
10. %||+ yh]
}%. \ A ²s# 213/1992
11. I.y.È.{. g~
\ A ²s# 414/1996
12. A.{! À]%k \ A ²s# 377/1996
13. À]%Æ \ A ²s# 513/1999
74
14. Report of the FDRE on Implementation of the AU Solemn Declaration on
Gender Equality in Africa, August 2006.
15. A National Report on Progress Made in Implementation of the Beijing
Platform for Action (Beijing +10) by Prime Minister Office / Women’s
Affairs Sub Sector, March 2004.
16. -----------, Research On Major Harmful Traditional Practices and Violence
Against Women in South Wollo and East Gojjam Zones of Amhara
Region, By Amhara Region Women Affairs Bureau in Collaboration with
SIDA, ----------.
17. The Ministry of Education of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,
Educational Annual Abstract 2001 E.C /2008/09 G.C/, March 2010, Addis
Ababa.
18. ---------------, Bringing Security Home: Combating Violence Against Women
in the OSCE Region. A Compilation of Good Practices, Gutenberg Press
LTD, 2009.
19. Gender- Based Violence Training Manual for Law Enforcing Bodies,
UNFPA, 2009.
20. Contemporary Practices in Justice System in Dealing with Problems of
GBV, Training Manual for Law Enforcing Bodies, UNFPA, 2009.
75