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Lodge. Palladius On Husbondrie: From The Unique Ms. of About 1420 A.D. in Colchester Castle. 1873.
Lodge. Palladius On Husbondrie: From The Unique Ms. of About 1420 A.D. in Colchester Castle. 1873.
IN COLCHESTER CASTLE.
EDITED BY THE
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LONDON :
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52 AND 72.
HERTFORD :
one with the great Poet in his early Canterbury Tales and in ;
the same laws which have been applied with so much ingenious
often the i or y
prefixed to it the pronouns are frequently used
:
there is no record
to show. Probably it was presented to the
Book Society, with many other volumes, by the late Charles
Gray, Esq. it has the printed Book-plate of the Society within
:
rudely torn, and the blank pages have been scribbled over.
The MS. is on parchment, in a good hand, carefully written in
tion, for believing that the following verses apply to the author
of the treatise here translated at any rate they have merit
:
in other countries also, he has been much read and when our ;
own Milton undertook the office of tutor to his sister's two sons
" not content to
and others of his friends, according to Toland,
acquaint his disciples with those books that are commonly read
in the schools, wherof several are no doubt excellent in their
Cattell ;
IIII. of poultrie, fowle, fish, and bees :
I have also beene carefull about the planting and ordering of the
Yine (though some of my friends would have had it omitted, as
altogether impertinent to our countrie) : because I am fully perswaded,
if diligence and good husbandrie might be used, wee might have a
reasonable good Wine, growing in many places of this Realme as ;
of good Wines, appeareth in that you have about Orleans, great store
of good and excellent Wine wheras if you go to Burges, two days
:
journey farther to the south, you shall finde a Wine not worth the
drinking. The like is (as I have heard reported by Master D. Dale,
Embassadour for his Majestic in these parts) of Paris, and Barleduke,
the Towne being Southward, with noughtie wines the others a great
:
wayes farther to the North, with as good Wines as may be. But
admit England would yeeld none so strong and pleasant Wines as are
desired (as I am fully perswaded it would), yet is it worth the triall
and travaile to have Wines of our owne, though they be the smaller ;
ayer ; 4, eire ;
and the common adverb well appears in 13/334 as
wele, and in the same page as weel, whilst in other places, as
195/282, it is wel. There is the same want of uniformity in many
other words ;
and such queer spellings as auntceaunt for ancient, and
medessyng for medicine, do not point toany clearly defined rules for
the guidance of writers of that period. Most of the MSS. of the
time are equally obnoxious to the same charge and it is hardly ;
only in Jiousen, and oxen and exon, but the following also occur :
Treen, for trees, 4/86. Soon, for bones, 58/394.
Cleen, for claws, 34/937. Kyen, for cows, 130/707.
Foon, for foes, 139/964. Stren, for straws, 74/362.
Been, for bees, 138/953. Een, for eyes, 105/25 and 129/677.
;
Foot in the plural occurs regularly in its modern form feet, but
when it
signifies a measure of length, it is for the most part written
footes, e.g. 210/87. There are some rare examples of the plural
in e : I can only call to mind kynde, 13/335 ;
stede = places in
183/127 ;
and pigge in 100/1086.
J
Hienes *fcywie=Hiena s skin, 180/43.
accusative, but I cannot find any that I should like to vouch for.
For instance, though "in hoot lande," 124/573, "in bareine lande,"
" Yf that thi
7/169, seem to have a dative e, when compared with
" The lande
land," 9/220, yet other instances like is goode," 5/110 ;
ADJECTIVES
"
ft
This fals humour let goode water oute trie (180/40).
" Kest it so
thyne wyne araonge," i.e. thin wine (200/382).
" Yf me shall hoote water "
sprynge (143/95).
"In reed (=red), and hoore, and blake unvariable,
Of hem the reed is best, the boor is able" (14/354-5).
" The landes
fatte, or lene, or thicke, or rare,
"
Or drie or moiste (5/100).
but this does not apply to Ms nor to her for "their"; and tliin for
"thy" is
frequently used without the e, as in 3/56, "No doubte is in
thi water nor thin aire."
There is one instance of an adjective declined with es in the
" Of children clennes in virginitee," 9/229.
plural,
If " myres," 35/966, be an adjective, it is worth notice ;
but I
incline to think a substantive in the genitive singular.
it is
"
Such adjectives as "eschewe for to eschew, or to be eschewed, are
not of infrequent occurrence, 20/528 ; 125/586.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
are formed by er for the comparative, and est for the superlative,
whatever may be the number of syllables :
thus, we have not only
sweeter, sweetest, and rather, rathest ; but also
Forme occurs (60/447) in its old sense of first (A.S. forma), and
the double superlative formest (which we now write foremost, as if
from fore and most), appears in 72/317, and again in 190/93.
There is a peculiar use of the adjectives great, small, etc., which
" Bushell "
is
worthy of attention. greete is an example but the ;
PRONOUNS.
The Pronouns of the third person are he, she, and it, or yt, or hit,
or hyt. The dative and accusative of he are him or hym of she most ;
thayre, theire. her, here. In 135/867, her and thaire occur in the
same line :
" Thaire
browes hoore, her tempils holgh uneven."
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
where nothing had before been said about mules. See also 38/1044.
It occurs frequently in the form hit, e.g. 29/780, 37/1011. The
possessive form is Ms, as in 29/773 :
THE EELATIVE.
" Who " is of all genders, as " Seedes who descende," 112/220,
and that not only in the nominative, but also in the genitive, and
other cases, and in both numbers e.g. ;
" "
Whoos seede in moolde if that me delve (82/584).
" The "
vyne and fruyt, and place in whom thai growe (6/128).
" Eke unto whome from hilles sender"
places (49/145).
" As
hony me may kepe it in a stene,
"
In stede of Avhome in metes it demene (205/501).
ADVERBS.
teresting adverbs ;
not only the original form of the ordinary adverb
in ly ; e.g. joyfulliche, 215/222, and iliche = equally, 7/167, and
such specimens as pitchelonges, 150/42, afterlonges, 66/139, allyng,
208/42, etc., etc. but the following are also noteworthy by and
;
:
meantime, 105/29 ;
so or soo as the case may be, 155/166 ; every
XV111 GRAMMATICAL NOTICES.
VERBS.
All the persons of the verb in the plural number end most
And let, do, make, with an infinitive active, like the French laisser,
and the German lassen, are very frequent. We have repeated
instances of the infinitive in en, as Tcepen, slen, doon ; but the
omission of the en or n is much more frequent, as, to sle, to Jcepe, to
do. Sometimes the two forms occur in the same line, e.g. :
" "
Oonly the litel feet to clerae in cley (92/888).
PARTICIPLES.
Those of the present tense all end in ing or yng, as bering, 4/7,
participle :
taken, 1/1 ; overtake, 8/2 ; fonde, 2/3 ; brought, 6/2 ;
Idolve =
delved, Itaught = taught, 81/570; ywronge squeezed =
90/814; iholde, 250/48; ycalled, 93/921: ydoon, 70/259; ydoo'
75/405.
NEGATIVES.
The negative verbs nath=has not, na=have not, nys=is not, nare
=are not, nass=was not, nylle=will not, nolde=would not, have
frequently, but not always, another negative adding emphasis, e.g.
" The frostes na noo domination"
(188/41).
" And naked cley nys nought" (77/450).
NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE.
" This
flooring wol be black and wynter warrae
l
And, lycoure shedde, anoon it wol up drie" (13/344-5).
" " 2
Sprad the winges outte, sette up an oule (31/835).
" The corse idelve in grounde, the rootes wol abounde " :
(73/336).
VMen graffe hem nowe, thaire graffes buddes ungrowe"
2
(98/1046).
"This doon, is other thinges for to doo" 3 (27/736).
" "
Coloured, stonde not on to besily to se thi lande (4/71) ; i.e.
stand not too much on seeing thy land high coloured.
" Yit if that he Vulturnus oversette a
vyne in heete or other blastes
"
lette i.e. if he let the N.E. or other blastes overset a vine.
(6/144) ;
month it is
good to do pastining.
" The hem with, of neutes grene" (92/865)
galle, is boote to touche ;
i.e. it is
good to touch them with a green newt's gall.
" Other with noo holde " i.e. hold with no other.
(130/715) ;
" A fressh potte on hem sevred pitcheth ynne " (127/657) ; i.e.
by the Editor ;
the rest is carefully transcribed from the MS., and
adapted to the pages of this edition. The references to the lost por-
tions of this translation have been retained, and are merely assigned
to their respective months.
Cresses I
Cappare
Chyues or cyues ! Coriandre I In S atte sowyng.
Cunnila Cerfoile
Com'yn Cucuber
Cicera
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XX111
L*
)
m
.
s atte
nasele \
norage J
1
Not in the translation.
XXVI TABLE OP CONTENTS.
luglandes, 98.
Landes election, 3, 4.
Londe feble ;
fertile lande, 6.
1
Wride evidently is here the substantive, and wonder the adjective. " A wonder
wride" seems to mean a strange lump or mass. A.S. wriftan, to twist.
XXV111 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Plantyng molbery tree, remedie for hem, and graffing of the same, 97.
Mixe sowyng and settyng in Marche, 98.
Mastik tree to plaunte and graffe in Marche, 98.
Male apultreen in Octob'r to sette, 196.
Male apples to counnt in Octob'r, 203.
Parsneps, pelettour, g _
sowyng _
Panyke, peses,
Pauyng selers (?) in May, 155.
Paving selers in Juyn, 158,
Pavyng in Septemb'r, 185.
Seed is to consider, 11 .
Cucumber, 110. Sperage, 112. Rue and what lande is best for hem,
113. Gourdes, 114. Panyk, 106. Elite and pelettour, 114.
leeke, 151.
Sowe in Juyn brasike, ache, betes, radysshe, and letuce, 160.
Experience of seede, 10.
Sowe in Juyl oyiions, radysshe, arage, nepes, and rapes, 164, 165.
Sowe Aust rape, nepe, and radysshe, 172.
in
Sowe in Septemb'r whete and ador, 180; barly cantyne (sic) lupyne, ;
peeses, and sisane (sic), ffitches, ffeyngreek, and forage (sic), 181 ;
ffasele, 183 ; popy, brasyk, and origon, 184.
Cappare, gith, cresses, dile, radysshe, pasnepe, cerfoile, letuce, betes,
coriander, rapes,and nepes, 185.
Sowe in Octob'r whete and ador, sisane, ffasele, lynseed, 187.
Gooldes, senvey, 191; dyle, myntes, oynons, pasnepe, origon, 192.
Wilde nepe, tyme, leekseede, betes, basilicon, 192.
Sowe in Kovemb'r whete, ffar, benes, barly, lentis, lyne, garlik,
Water to preue, 2, 3.
Vynes be
topondered in Marche, 106.
Vynes stakyng and bynding in Marche, 104, 105.
Vynes olde to repare in Marche, 107.
Vynes hurt or seeke to be leched in Marche, 107.
Vynes that beth fertile marke hem in (Septemb'r) October, for scions
to sette in settyng season, 188.
Feuerer, 83.
Aprill, 144.
PALLADIUS ON HUSBONDRIE.
[Most of the final letters w, t, h, and some e's, have a curl or flourish over them ;
I.
2.
nutrire. pomos.
IN WHAT HUSBONDRIE CONSISTS.
or
De iiii rebus quibus agricultura consistit.
3.
of husbandry :
water, air, land, 16 In water, aier, in lande, and gouvernance.
and management.
And in the first, as water, aier, and lande
Beth natural, the mith is of plesaunce
And crafte of men but this considerannce
;
4.
De aieris probacione.
5.
Good air isknown Good ayer is there as dales deep are noon,
by countrymen's
cheeks, clear And mystes derk no@ dayes maketh nyght ;
wits,and unim-
peded sight. The contreemen coloured well ichone,
32 Thaire wittes clere and unoffended sight,
Her voices faire, her herynge pure and light.
All this is preef of holsum aire and clene,
And there as is contraier is aire unclene.
De acqud probanda.
6.
7.
8.
Ffecunditee thowe see thus in thi lande : Let not the sward
he bare r white,
See not the swerd 3 all
naked, white, unclene, nor chalk, nor
gravel unnftxed
All chalk 4 or gravel groissyng in thi hande with mould, and
let there no salt
60 "Withouten moolde 5 admixt, nor sandy 6 lene, ragstone, or hard
deep vales.
Nor hongrie clay, 7 nor stones ful iche rene,
To ronke and weete, yolgh, bitter, salt ragstone, 8
Valeyes herde and depe eke be ther noon.
10.
64 A roten swerd and welny blaake, it selve A rotten sward,
almost black,
9 self-covered with
Suffysing wel with graas to ouerwrie,
grass, and tough-
And tough to glue ayein though thowe it delve, ly adhering again
1 2 4 6
moddy. tepida. creta. terreno.
6 7 9
Vel sabulo. glarea. tophus. gramine.
VARIETIES OF SOIL.
11.
or a hole,
dig
and if the earth
And be glewy, tough to trete
loke if it ;
12.
13.
3
in body and co- In cpors and in colour solute and rare,
lour, the trees
thereon light, The treen* thereon light, fertile, fair, and lange,
fair, and long.
As peres wilde, as plummes boshes are,
88 Not croked, lene, or seke, but hole and strange j
14.
1 2 3 4 arbores.
mediocris. attendere. corpore.
5 6
stagnet (verbum est). elonget (verbum est).
THE SKILL AND JUDGMENT NECESSARY IN AGRICULTURE.
15.
16.
17.
1
pinguis.
TREATMENT OF VINES.
Let the younger That yonger men obeye unto thaire eldron
obey their elders.
In gouvernynge, as goode and buxom children.
19.
20.
After a good vin- And kytte
l
hem streyt after thi goode vindage,
2
21.
It is of no use to In places hoote, in places over drie
eet a vine in hot,
dry places. But if It is noo boote his vyne a man to sette,
wind overthrow
or burn your vine,
you may cover it
There as for heete he must hem over wrie ;
3
with straw.
1 44 Yet if that he Vulturnus oversette
A vyne in heete or other blastes lette,
Or brenne a vyne, in stre or other thynge
To covert here is holsom husbondynge.
22.
Cut off the barren 14-8 The bareyne braunche, if ronke and greene it be,
branch. Avoid
barren and dung-
ed land for young
Eight by lette kytte him of as mortal foo
vines. Of alle thi tree but barenne lande thou flee
;
2 3
puta. vindimiam. operire.
QUANTITY OR QUALITY.
23.
Plant all herbs,
Iche herbe also thai sayen it is to sowe, except beans, in.
a dry soil. Let
156 In landes drie, outtake of hem the bene ;
not your land to
the owner of the
The bene in landes weete is best to thro we ;
adjoining pro-
And sette not oute thi landes fate or lene perty.
24.
25.
26.
27.
A field must be To tille a felde man must have
well tilled to re- diligence,
quite the expense.
Take in hand no
184 And balk it not; but eree it upbe bydene.
more than you A litel tilled weel wol quyte expence,
can sustain. Take
away black vines. So take on hande as thou may wele sustene.
Do not cut the
green and tender.
Long stakes de-
The vynes blake awaie thowe take, eke greene
sirable.
188 And tender vynes kytte are therby shent,
And stakes longe are vynes increment.
28.
29.
Olives love luke- Luke ayer and tempre wynde olyves love,
warm air and
temperate winds
and vines by pro-
; And vynes, that upon the hilles stande,
cess may be
brought to a By processe may be brought to thair above,
height, but not
more than four
200 Yit not but fotes mi in feble land ;
30.
Do not tie your 204 Thy vyne oon stede ever thou ne bynde,
is
vine always in
the same place.
If not dug close
And delve her cloos for hurtyng thi vindage,
it will hurt the
vintage. Two feet Eke deep and fertile land it is to fynde,
deep enough for
corn, double for
And two foote depe is good for corne tillage,
trees. A new vine
is improved by 208 And double deep for treen in depnesse gage.
diligence as much
as it goes back A novel vine up goeth by diligence
by negligence.
As fast as it goeth down by negligence.
THE BEST TIME FOR PLANTING.
31.
32.
33.
34.
1 2 dimitte jacere.
sc terra. sc terra. crescere.
10 DIFFERENT SOIL FOR WHEAT AND BARLEY.
35.
Uncut they drink And lette hem drie unsleyne, and up thai drinke
the moisture of
the land. In hot 240 The landes juce 1 in place eke hoote and drie,
:
36.
37.
38.
1
succum. 2
xv. 3
xv dies. 4 6 trimenstris.
cretosa,
6 7
satio. sc serere.
CARE IN THE CHOICE OF A FIELD. 11
39.
Sum gravel or sum water lande caste under Put some gravel
or river-soil un-
der it, or common
268 If thou it plannte, and yf thou wolt it sede mould. Stones
A comune molde among it part asonder,
will be hot in
summer, and cold
in winter, and
And alle the better wol thi werkes spede.
will injure vines
or grain.
The stones on thi lande is for to drede ;
40.
41.
42.
288 Yit as for seede, it may wel been amended ; It is very difficult
to undo the mis-
But vynes may have vices worthy blame, chief arising from
bad seed, though
To longe, or broode, uptrailed, or extended, credit may be
gained by the size
As dyvers men have doone to fresh her fame, of the vines thus
reared.
292 And fewe or feble grapes in the same
Have growe. A grete laboure is to correcte
A molde in this maner that is enfecte.
-*
crates. nolo. pono.
12 OF THE DWELLING-HOUSE.
43.
44.
Seethatthewater
be good where
And se the floode be goode ther thou will duelle ;
you dwell. It is
For ofte of it exaleth myst impure :
not safe to live
near a marsh, es- 304 And ther from, in caas the quelle.
pecially if (the
fle it myght
south) and west also to dwelle it is not sure,
winds dry and By myre
harden it.
And namely and West that drie 1 and dure
In season hoote, for causes pestilent
45.
Let your house Thyne house as wol thi fortune and thi felde
be in proportion
to your income, Lete make it up in crafte and in mesure,
and let it stand
rather high, so' as It to repaire as thi lande foryelde,
to be cheerful,
may
firm, and dry. 312 Demened so that
yf mysseaventure
Fordo thin house, a year or two recure 2
It at the mest, and sette it sumdele hie,
For gladsum and for sadder ground and drie.
46.
1 2
arent et indurant verbum. recuret verbum est.
3 *
extra parietem. fundare.
OF ROOMS FOR SUMMER AND WINTER, AND FLOORING. 13
47.
48.
49.
3
The mapul, 2 ooke, and assche endureth longe Fern or chaff will
prevent the mor-
In floryng yf thou ferne it weele, 4 er chave, 5 ter from injuring
the floor. How
That in the tree the morter doo noo wronge. 6 to make a pave-
ment.
340 Oon lyme and tweyne of robell have,
parte of
Sex fyngre thicke a floore therof thou pave
"With lyme and asshes mixt with cole and sande,
A flake above in thiknesse of thyne hande.
50.
1 3 4 filice sternas.
domus. acer. fraxinus.
5 7 8
paleis sternas. se putrefaciendo. inclines. operias.
14 ON LIME AND SAND.
51.
52.
53.
1
This notable. 3 stri 4 5
colours is stridens. quse fossilis est. pone,
imbres. 7
minera. 8 10
misce. n crete.
partes. pars.
ON THE WALLS AD ASPECT. 15
55.
Thi walles bricke with brik thou must corone Brick walls
should be sur-
380 A foote aboute, and sumdel promynent, mounted with a
brick coping. Let
That thay by storme or rayne be not fordone, them be dry be-
fore you place
And lete hem drie er thou thi bemes bent, beams or roofing
upon them.
Or rovyng sette uppon, lest all be shent
384 For lacke of crafte, eke this is husbondrie
To covert hem with sumwhat whille thay drie.
56.
57.
58.
400 Fatte reed of myre yground 3 and tempered tough, Daub the wail
1 2
_ .
.,
.,
_ with marsh-reed
. _
1
crassa cana.
16 ON WHITEWASH AND PLASTERING.
59.
60.
Beware of build- And ware a thyng that many men have used,
ing on low
ground, and if To drenche her dwellyngplace in dales deep,
there be n o spring
or well, have a Lest water sholde hem lacke, and foule excused,
cistern.
424 For helth is rather thenne thi lust to kepe ;
62.
Make it as high 428 Let crafte it as it
as you like, put up pleasaunt may suffice
tile-paving over Unto thi self, as best is broode and longe. 6
it, and rub it well
with boiled lard.
The guttures 7 left in sadde ground, assise
And yole on
8
it
9
tilpavyng playne and stronge.
432 This pavyng must thou cure and labovre longe 10
And clere it up, but frote it wol with larde
Fatte and decocte ;
thi werk wol the rewarde.
mox. 2 3 4 5 6
expectet. acie. ascia. glutinosa. longum.
7 9 10
fusoriis relic tis. fundas. testaceum pavimentum. diu.
CEMENT FOR REPAIRING CISTERNS. 17
63.
64,
65.
Whenne this
cyment made, it must in synke
is Let pipes go from
the cistern to
Uche hole, and chene, and every lekyng stoone, carry the water
to drink.
And presse it thicke aboute on every brynke ;
66.
picem.
18 WINE-CELLAR, BARNS, AND GRANARY.
67.
68.
The barns to be Thi barnes fer fro stynk and sumdele hie,
6\yeet and high,
with a hard floor Thi stable ferre away therfro thou sette,
two foot thick.
A place for every 472 Eke se that thay be wyndy, colde, and drie,
kind of corn.
Thi berne also be playne, and harde the flette,
And footes two to thicke it thou ne lette,
69.
The granary to Thi garner and thi vessel for thi grayne
be high, and its
walls plastered Make sumdele high, and walle it thus to thryve
with oil-dregs,
clay, and olive- Oyldregges mixt with clay thou must implayne
leaves.
480 Thi wowes with, and leves of olyve,
In stede of chaf upon thi wowes dryve,
And and then oyldregge it efte,
drie it wel,
70,
So you get rid of 484 This maner crafte wol holde oute of thi whete
weevils and other
noisome beasts.
Coriander- leaves
Gurgolions and other noyus bestes,
prevent thewheat The coriander leves, lest it swete,
from sweating.
Is putte therin, an other crafte unleest is ;
71,
72.
73.
Towards the southe thi stable and thi stall Stables and stalls
for oxen to be
For hors and neet thou sette, and gette in light towards the
south. Make a
Oute of the north, and wynterclose it all fire for them in
the winter.
508 To holde outte colde. In summer yeve it sight
Thi hous to cole, and nygh thi bestes dight
A fire in colde ;
it wol thyne oxen mende,
And make hem faire, yf thai the fyre attende.
74.
512 For harming of thaire hoof eke sette hem drie, Not to harm the
hoofs, set them in
And for iche yoke of exon in thi plough a dry place. Al-
low eight feet in
VIII foote in brede, and goodly length outtrie,
breadth for each
yoke of oxen.
The length as from the home unto the sough, Horses require
strong planks.
516 The brede is crosse, and plank it stronge ynough
Under thyne hors, that it be lygging softe
75.
A shed for cattle Eke on the south thou make an hons for bestes,
on the south to
be covered with 520 But over hoote attemporate to holde
shingles, tiles,
broom, or sedge. A pointe of hnsbondrie not this the leest is,
76.
Mews for birds, This hous aboute also make up thi mewes,
whose dung is
77.
78.
It will be a charm 540 The wesel shal for this doon hem noon harme,
against weasels ;
so will the rope So it be doon secre that noo man see.
with which a
man has been Yit for the wesel use another charme,
hanged.
Sum of the roope wherwith hath strangled be
544 Sum men, pray God lette it be never the,
genesta.
MANAGEMENT OF DOVES AND THRUSHES.
79.
Gyf hem comyne ynough, and barme her pennes, Give them cum.
min, and rub
548 And doves moo ynough in wol thay brynge ;
their wings with
balsam. Let them
And yf thou wolt have many briddes thennes, have baked bar-
ley, beans, or
Let barly bake, or bene, or fitches flynge vetches, and hang
rue about.
Afore hem ofte, also for her helping
552 Let honge aboute in dyvers places re we,
And bestes adversannt hem wol eschewe.
80.
Under thi colver hous in alle the brede Under the whole
breadth of the
Make mewes tweyne, oon litel and obscure, dove-cot make
two mews: in one
556 With whete and mylde in that thi tur tours fede, feed doves with
wheat and millet.
In somer faat ynough with litel cure :
A strike is enough
for six score.
But boile it in sweetness, and oon mesure
A strike is for vixx
oon daies mete,
560 But water ofte refreshhed do hem gete.
81.
82.
568 The seed of mirt, if that thou maist it gete, Seed of myrtle,
birch, ivy, crab,
Of birch, of yvy, crabbe, and wild olyve and wild olive is
-r , , P , good for a change.
hem no we and nowe for
Lete yeve channge of mete
-i
;
Put in with those
83.
84.
Two cruses of Wol thou thai often hatche and eyron grete
half-boiled barley
is one day's food Thai legge ? Half boiled barly thou hem bringe,
for a hen at large.
Place an odd 584 Twey cruses 1 in oon day oon hennes mete
number of eggs
under a hen when That gothe atte large, and odde 2 eyron in springe
the moon is be-
tween ten and Of echates 3 under thynne hen sittynge
fifteen days.
4
To putte, as whenne the moone is daies dene
85.
To cure the pip, And other while an hen wol have the pippe,
slip off a pellet
from the tongue A white pellet that wol the tonge enrounde,
with your nail,
and cast ashes And softely of wol with thi nailes slippe
on the wound,
and put garlic, 592 Anoon, and askes after on the wounde
alum, and oil in
the mouth. Thou kest, and dense it, ley on garlic grounde,
Ground alom eke with oile put in her mouthes.
86.
1 8 lune.
ciati. imparia.
ON THE PEACOCK AND PEAHENS.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
Do this on the The moone
first of the month .
first day of the is this to doo,
On the tenth take
away the four and
The xth day the mi away betake,
substitute
others,
four
and be
640 And other mi enscore her place into.
careful to turn
them.
To tourne hem ofte also good hede thou take,
For she may not the turnyng undertake.
Yet take for that a stronge hen and a grete :
93.
94.
2 mandentur.
pulli. gallina. locustas.
ON PHEASANTS. 25
95.
She 1 nowe behinde, and no we she goth before, The care of the
hen for her
660 And clocketh hem, but when she fynt a corne, chicks, which,
when their crests
She chicheth hem and loith it hem before, spring, are as sick
as children at
Hem ledyng home atte nyght lest thai be lorne. teething.
96.
Her vyves ;
but the males not abounde
In coitu, though thai be faat and rounde ;
97.
98.
680 A nnt eyron yeve hem eke, and kepe hem fro Give them also
ants' eggs. To
The water for the pippe, and if it have hem, rub their beaks
with garlic and
With garlic stamped weel and tar therto tar will cure the
pip.
Her bekes froted ofte and sadde wol save hem,
684 Her tonnges eke right as an hen to shave hem,
And right as hennes heel her maladie
Is goode ;
to fatte hem eke is husbondrie.
gallina.
ON GEESE.
99.
A strike of wheat "With wheet a strike, or other half a strike
or half a strike of
mixed
barley
with oil and 688 Of barly mele enoyled, 1 offed lite, 2
made into cakes
will fatten them In dayes thries ten thowe make hem slyke
in thirty days.
And fatte ynough, so that her appetite
Be served weel, and that noon offes white
692 Englayme uppon the rootes of her tonnge ;
100.
The goose is fed The goos with grasse and water up is brought,
on grass and wa-
ter. Take one To plant and tree an opon foo 3 is she,
male for three fe-
males. You may 696 Her bityng harmeth corne, her donnge 4 is
deplume them nought;
twice a year.
Take for oon male of hem females thre,
And
twies a yere deplumed may thai be ;
In sprynging- tyme and harvest tyme eke make ;
101.
Other food for For wonte 7 of grasse on trefoil
8
lette hem bite,
geese. The skew-
bald and brown On gouldes
9
wilde,
10
or letuce, 11
grekysh hay.
12
are not so pro-
13
ductive as the The skewed goos, the brune goose as the white
white, coming of
the wild kind.
Set them from
704 Is not feeounde. And why ? For as thai say
the first of March Oute of the kynde of wilde gees cam thay.
till the longest
day. Fro Marche kalendes gees to sette on broode
Until the day be lengest is ful goode.
102.
The goose's eggs 708 An hen upon thaire eyron maist thou sette,
may be placed
under a hen, but As of the pocok saide is all before,
that they may not
be injured, put But hennes eyron sholde ought lette,
lest this
nettles with
them. Ley netteles under with, and evermore
712 The laughter last unto the modres lore :
1
oleo sparsi. 2 in offulas redact!. 3 4 stercus.
inimica.
5 lack. 6
lacunam. 7 8 9
defectu. trifolium. intubis.
11 12 13
us. lactuca. grseco faeno. varii colons.
FOOD FOR GEESE. 27
103.
720 Flour thries a day and lette hem not goo large
; ;
104.
105.
106.
736 This doon, is other thinges for to doo : Make two stews ;
4
That other wete in hides, yerdes drie,
Lupyne, and other thing for husbondrie.
1
offulas. 2 Autor 3
avibus aquaticis. 4
madefacias coria.
loqr,
28 CARE AGAINST FIRE. MANURES.
107.
In housing hay, For hay, for chaf, for tymber, and for redes
chaff, timber, and
reeds be careful 744 Make housyng as the list it is noo charge j ;
*
against fire.
In drie and wyndie places there noo drede is
Of brennyng hem, and for that'alle atte large
Away from home ordeyn hem I the charge.
748 A fyre is foul affray in thinges drie.
And now for dounge an other husbondrie :
108.
The dunghill to The myddyng, sette it wete as it may rote,
be out of sight
and smell. Asses' And saver nought, eke sette it oute of sight ;
dung is best for
gardens, next 752 The seed of thorn in it wol dede and dote.
sheep's, then
goat's and neat's. asses rathest for to dight
Thyne dounge is
756 But dounge of swyne the werst of all thees ware is.
109.
Ashes are good, Askes beth goode, and
and no dung of
so hoot is noo dounge
fowls is so hot as
doves except the
Of foule as of the douve, a quysht outake,
quest. Dung for And oon yere old
corn not to be
is nought for herbes yonge
more than a year
old. Sea-slime
760 And goode for corne ;
but elder thou forsake,
good to mix with
other manure. Fresh dounge is best thi medes with to make ;
110.
Placeyour garden 764 Thi garden and thyne orchard, sette hem nygh.
so that it may
have the benefit The garden from thi mydding softe enclyne,
of the dunghill,
and the water That juce of that amonge thyne herbes sigh
may run off from ;
1
non refert.
FENCES FOR GARDENS. 29
111.
112.
113.
Wol have a wall of clay and stoon, and stones garden walls. The
worst is to let a
Withouten clay an other wol it be ; ditch surround
your garden, un-
788 A nother with a diche aboute ygone is ;
less it be miry
ground.
War that, for that the werst of everichon is.
114.
2
1
rubi, v mori, v bati. rubum caninum,
30 TIME FOR SOWING,
115.
116.
Let spring dig if Lete veer goo delve, yf hervest shall go sowe ;
autumn is to sow,
and vice versa, so If veer shall sowe it, hervest must go delve ;
that each side
may have the 808 So shall her eitheres werke been overblowe
benefit of heat
and cold. With colde or hoote under the signes twelve.
Mark oute thi tables, 2 ichon by hem selve,
Sixe foote in brede and xn in length is best
812 To dense and make on evry side honest.
117.
118.
Sow and graft as 820 To sowe and graffe although I sette a tyme,
they do in your
neighbourhood. Yit graffe and sowe as men doo the beside ;
3 4
radix. faciat. celeriter.
REMEDIES AGAINST BLIGHT AND MILDEW. 31
119.
For blichenvng
J
1
and myst 2 take chaf 3 and raf,* Against mildew
'
120.
121.
But that a man must doo full prively, But no one must
see it done. For
That never a warkman wite, and this is goode the Author says
most ridiculously
For frost, and myst, and wormes sekirly. if it be published
it is of no avail.
122.
848 Oil dregges fresshe for gnattes and for snayles Oil dregs or soot
good against
Or chambre soote is goode to kest aboute ; gnats or snails ;
an owl's heart on
For anntes eke an oules herte availe is their beds against
ants, or chalk
To putte upon her bedde, and alle the route and ashes ; juice
of rocket or horse-
852 A trayne of chalk or askes holdeth oute. leek against can*
kerworms.
10
Thi seed with juce of rucul 9 or syngrene
To wete 11 up sleth the rucul, as men wene.
1 2 3 4 5 6 molam.
rubigine. nebula. paleas. purgaraenta. grandini.
7 8
coelum. 9
erucse. 10 " madefacere.
cruentas secures. sempervivse,
32 REMEDIES AGAINST CANKER-WORM, GNATS, AND CATERPILLARS.
123.
Divers other re- Eke figtree askes oon on rucul throweth,
medies against
the rucul, or can- 856 An other hangeth uppe or soweth squylle, 1
kerworm.
The thridde among his wortes chitches soweth,
For wondres fele and, he saith, as to kille
The rucul and fele other thinges ille,
124.
125.
For gnats oil-
Oile dregges and oxe galleis goode for gnattes,
dregs and ox-
galls are good, or So that the beddes therwith thou enoynte,
oil and ground
or water-
ivy,
leeches burnt.
Eke oile and yvy grounde is goode as that is,
That worms de-
vour not thy
872 Or waterleches brende an other point is.
colewort dry the
seeds in the skin Thi wortes that the wermes not disyoint, 3
of tortoise, or
grow mint with The seedes in a tortous 3 skynne 4 thou drie,
it.
Or mynte among thi cool thou multiplie.
126.
Bruised vetches, 876 Eke fitches brese, of hem thair radissh 5 springeth,
rape, or henbane,
6
mixed with vine- Or rape, or thus take juce of henbane
gar, will kill the
cabbage-worm. With soure aysell, and hem togeder mengeth,
The stink of the
scales of headless And kest hem on your cool in every pane ;
garlic burnt de-
stroys caterpil- 880 Ereither wol be worterwormes 7 bane.
lars.
1 2 se destruaut. 3 4 5 radix.
squillam. testudinis. corio.
7 8
>a,
rapa publicu olerum (sic: but quaere "polices.") contra campas.
MEANS OF GETTING RID OF VERMIN. 33
127.
128.
129.
And herbe or tree to moiste in the licour Or moisten a
herb or tree with
Iche vinth day is suffisaunt, saith he, it every eight
days. To kill pis-
To heel and helpe hem forth in fruite and flour, mires cast ori-
gane and brim-
900 But holde aye on it holpon til thou see. stone upon their
holes,
Pysmires yit yf thou wol make hem flee
Kest origane ystamped with brymstoone
TJppon thaire hoole, and oute thay flee anoone.
130.
1
bitumen, 2 3 noceat. 4
ille auctor. 6
cancros.
sulphur.
6 7 8 9 10
cooperta. subdivo. culices. pulices. patina.
3
34 OTHER REMEDIES
131.
Black hellebore, Elebur blak with fatte, or brede, or chese,
mixed with
bread, cheese, or 912 Or floure comyxt and offred hem wol slen ;
flour, -will kill
them, as will wild Cocumber 1 wilde and coloquynt 3 doo brese ;
cucumber and co-
locynth bruised ; The juce will sle the myse as dyvers men
other remedies
against fleas. Have saide A yit an other crafte sleth neen
;
:
132.
mends to
steep
all grains in ox- Saith goode is alle his greyne in oxes galle
gall before sow-
ing them, against 920 A man to stepe, and sowe hem thenne eke thus :
field-mice, or to
stop their holes With affadille upclose her hooles alle ;
with affadill.
Thai gnawe it oute, but dede downe shal thai falle,
133.
134.
Oak-ashes will 932 Yit for the mous, kest oken askes soo
give mice the
scab. Burnt Aboute her hooles in it that thai may trede ;
hartshorn, or
goats-claws, or The scabbe anoon will ryse and hem fordoo.
lilies, or galba-
num, will drive For eddres, spirites, monstres, thyng of drede,
away adders and
evil spirits
936 To make a smoke and stynke is goode in dede.
(noxious vapours)
by the smoke. Brent hertshorne, or gootes cleen, or rootes
Of lilie brente, or galbane all this bote is.
2 3 * 5 6 ille auctor.
cucumer. coloquintida. tritum. psilotrum. terrain.
AND SUPERSTITIOUS DEVICES. 35
135.
The Greek saith eke that yf a cloude arise Greeks say that
locusts will leave
940 Of breses 1
men muste in hous hem if men hide them-
smert, hide, selves from them.
And thai wol voide. A crafte eke thai devyse Wild cucumber,
or lupines mixed
with
men fle to hous and byde
That, breses seyn,
oil-dregs,
will drive them
136.
137.
138.
1 2 3 4
locustas. locustas. locustas. perdere.
5 6 7
operire. post duos ingressus.
36 TO KEEP OFF DARK CLOUDS ASD SECURE FERTILITY.
139.
But it must be But bere it and tourne agayne
bolt upright,
borne upright,
and you must go 968 Right as thou went, and ley her downe upright,
back as you came,
and leave
its back.
it
This
on And undersette her crooked bakke, that mayne
1
140.
Others take the When other seen derk cloudes over hove,
shape of a dark
cloud in a mirror, The shappe of it thai take in a myrroure,
and thus either
remove the harm, 976 And outher thus from hem his harme thai shove,
or double an-
other's terror.
Or to sum other doubleth his terroure ;
141.
Steep seeds in Thi seedes with cocumber rootes grounde
ground cucum-
ber roots. The Lete stepe, and save of evry mysse thai are ;
skull of an ass or
mare will cause
fertility.
An other thinge that lightly may be founde,
984 The calvair of an horsed 2 asse or mare,
Sette that uppe : that wol make all fecundare
On every side as ferre as it may se.
De area.
142.
Let the thresh-
988 Thi thresshing floor be not ferre of awaie,
ing-floor be near,
for convenience
of carriage, and
For beryng and for stelinge, as the gise is
against theft.
Let the floor be Of servauntes of flynt eke, if thou may,
;
of or hewn
flint,
stone, or water This thou make, or hewen stoones besides,
floor
mixed with earth
and trodden flat. 992 Or water myxt with grounde, the thridde avis is,
Upshette aboute, and trampled with catell
Maade playne and dried after, wol do well.
143.
And nygh it make a place high, plain, and pure, Make also a place
to cave (?) the
996 When nede is therto cave upon thi corne, corn upon before
taken to the
it is
This wol availle, and make it longe endure.
barn. It is also
good to have a
Then after to thi berne it be borne. house for the
may grain in case of
showers.
Eke, greyne in shoures sholde be lorne,
lest thi
144.
But make it high, on everie half perflable, This house to be
open on every
Eerre fro thi garth, thyne orchard, and thi vynes ; side, and far from
the garden and
1 004 For, right as chaf and dounge is vineyard for:
profitable
straw and chaff,
On rootes, and upbryngeth brede and wynes ;
which would
benefit the roots,
so the same upon the top a pynne is, would damage
Eight the flowers and
The floures and the buddes wol thai drie,
buds.
De opium castris.
145.
The Bee-yerd be not ferre, but faire asyde Place for the
bee-yard.
Gladsum, secrete, and hoote,
from the wynde, alle Plants proper
for bees.
Square, and so bigge into hit that no thef stride.
1012 Thaire floures in coloures or her kynde
In busshes, treen, and herbes thai may finde ;
146.
1016 And curiage, and gladiol the longe, Other plants,
shrubs, and treeg
Eke amarac, and other fresshed floures, which may be
allowed to grow
Eosmary, yvy, rose, lily spronge and near the hive.
The yew to be
In busshes, eke the blossom greet second is. avoided.
1
F^taxus.
38 PLANTS AND HERBS FOR BEES.
147.
Tyme, tymbra, Of tyme is wex and hony maade swetest,
peleton are best ;
148.
149.
The bee-keeper The keper pure and chaste and with hem ofte,
must be clean.
Dung and burnt His hyves havyng redy forto take
crabs be kept
away. His swarmes yonge, and sette hem faire on lofte.
Places which
make an echo are 1040 The smell of dounge and crabbes brende aslake
bad, and so is
spurge.
Away from hem and places that wol make
;
150.
1
lacunas. spurge. lamp wort.
HIVES AND SWARMS. 39
151.
152.
Thyne hyves heer thou sette a lite asonder, Turn the entrance
to the south, no
Her entre tourne it faire upon the southe ; larger than a hee.
Let there he two
1060 No larger than a bee may trede in under. or three open-
ings.
"Wickettes two or three thou make hem couthe,
That yf a wicked worme oon holes mouthe
Besiege or stoppe, an other open be,
1064 And from the wicked worme thus save thi bee.
153.
To bey thi been beholde hem riche and fulle, Directions for
buying bees.
Or preve hem by thaire murmure magnitude,
Or se the swarme and carie hem yf thou wolle
1068 By myght upon thi bak, hem softe enclude,
And towarde nyght hir yates thou reclude.
But bey hem not too ferre oute from thyne eire,
For chaunge of ayer may putte hem in dispaire.
154.
2 4 6 alliuas.
cupe. vituli. progeniti. stercus.
40 BATHS AND THE MODES OF SUPPLYING THEM.
De balneis.
155.
The husbandman It is not strange, if water wol suffice,
will think of his
bath for health 1080 An husbonde on his baathe to be bethought ;
and pleasure.
Let look to-
it For therof may plesaunce and helthe aryse.
ward the south
and south-west. Towarde the sonne ondrie it must be wrought,
156.
Floor to be two
feet thick, in-
First floore it n foote thicke, enclyninge softe
clining gently to- The forneis warde, so that the flamme upbende
wards the fur-
nace, on pillars 1088 The celles forto chere and chaufe
made of tiles two olofte;
feet and a half
high.
And piles 3 maade of tiles must ascende
Two foote and half, and two foote wide attende
Hem forto sette, and upon hem thou sprede
1092 A marble floor, or tyle it yit for nede.
157.
An apparatus to
supply the bath
A myliair of lede, the bothom brasse
with hot and cold
water, called
Anende the feetes sette it so withoute
Miliarium, made
of lead, with a The fourneis, and the fire ther undre passe.
brass bottom.
The cells to be 1096 A conduite cold into it bringe aboute,
fifteen feet long
and ten broad. Make pipes water warme inwarde to spoute,
The celles square oblonge as x in brede,
As for xv in length is oute to sprede.
158.
Greater heat in
a narrow place. 1100 For hete in streite is gretter then in large ;
Seats to be form-
ed ad libitum. But seetes make yfourmed as the list.
Light from the
north in summer, The somer celles lightes thou enlarge
from the south in
winter. Let the Upon the north, but winter celles wist 3
wash from the
bath go through 1104 From north ;
the southern light is best, as wist 4
the garden.
Is well ;
and all the wesshe oute of thi bathes
The garden thorowe to go therto no scathe is.
159.
The chambres in the bathes may be wrought chambers in the
1108 As cisterne is, but wol be well the stronger, stronger than the
cisterns. There
And other waies fele,7 yf
J thai besought, are other ways,
but weaker.
As but thai be yit
clene as unstronger.
Plac e a ^r
Jit, room over the
Thi winter hous to sette eke studie lenger {?/? ti hea?"
1112 Uppon thi bathe ;
for lo the groundes made,
And hete of it thi winter house wol glade.
1
Eight goode with brymstone resolute ypitte
1120 Aboute in evry chynyng, clifte, or slitte.
161.
Or thus hardde pitche, and wex, take even weight,
:
e U Ua
2e S of h ard ftch
And herdde 2 with pix liquide herto eche 3 and wax, with
^
1 2 3 * claudere.
positum. stuppam. appone.
5 e 7 tauri.
stupa. fundum.
42 THE BAKE-HOUSE AND AGRICULTURAL INSTRUMENTS.
163.
Or oyster shells Eke oister shelles drie and alle to grounde 1
De pistrino.
164.
If you have
And yf thi water come in abundance,
abundance of
water, make it
As moche as may thi bathes overflowe,
turn your mill
and spare your 1144 Thi bakhous therwith all thou maist avance,
horse and ox for
the plough. A water mylle herwith thou maist avowe
To make, in sparing beestes that shal plowe,
As hors and ox, and so with litel care
1148 Shal water cornes grynde and beestes spare.
165.
little plough, the Lete se the litel plough, the large also,
mattock, axe,
pickaxe, saw long The rigges forto enhance, and uppe to hent
and short, knives,
scythes, and 1152 Ther as the lande is moo
moist, yit toles
sickles.
The mattok, twyble, picoys, forth to goo,
The sawes longe and'shortte, eke knyves crooked
For vyne and bough with sithes, sides hocked,
166.
Sharp-backed 1156 And croked sithes kene upon the bake,
scythes, little
crooked knives, Showe forth also the cannibe 3 knyves lite
hooks,bills,rakes,
crooks, adzes, In plantes yonge a branch awaie to take,
pitchforks, and
double-bitted The hokes that the fern awaie shall bite,
axes.
1160 And billes all thees brerers up to smyte,
167.
andf> mit-
gings,
And bootes, cocurs, myttens, mot we were :
3
1
capita.
2
Vd est. 3 uti.
JANYVBER.
A.blaqueacion of vines.
1.
2.
3.
3
Let there be no The balke, that thai calle, unered lande
balk, i.e., land
left unploughed. 16 And overheled, beholde that there be noon ;
Break the clods,
and thrust a rod The cloddes mailed be with mannes hande.
frequently
through the fur-
rows trans-
To wite be well, thyself allone
if alle
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
detegere.
ON THE CULTURE OF VINES. 47
12.
The forowe is best ille humour oute to wyse Two feet and a
half to be left be-
tween the fur-
Elonge eke as the liketh best thi lande,
rows, if the land
80 Two foote and half the brede is to devyse. 'isdug by the
hand; but if it
Then yf the vyne be ploughed, five
is dight with mannes hond, or six feet is to
Two foote and half ther must unereed stond ;
be left fallow.
13.
Two foote and half in brede and three in lenght, Ditches to be two
feet and a half
Yf diches plese, hem make, and three feet deep ; broad, and three
feet long, and
With mannes hande oxen strenght
to till, or ;
three feet deep.
The space be-
88 Thyne enterspace in oon maner thou kepe, tween to be uni-
form, and the
But lest the scions
1
crokedly up creep edges of the
ditches to be cut
And harmed be whenne yrons depe synke,
Pare all the diches even plaine the brinke.
14.
92 The first is goode, two foote and half, or three Dig to the depth
of two feet and a
Feet depe to turne up all but diligent ;
half or three feet,
and leave no
Thou be lest balkes underdosed be. balks. The fore-
man should ascer-
The wardeyne with his rodde experient tain this by thrust-
ing his rod
96 May be therof thourgh putting every went. through every
went, i.e., space
Eke heep uppe everie roote of feme and brieres, dug.
15.
The tables for thi vynes maist thou make The beds for
the vines accord-
100 Herafter as the list, or as thi lande ing to pleasure or
the nature of the
Wol axe. An acre all hool may thou take, ground, to be an
acre, or half, or
Or half an acre well therin may stande, third, or fourth
part. Artifices in
Eke of the thridde part it may be fonde, land-measuring.
1
sarmenta.
48 ON LAYING OUT AND MEASURING VINEYARDS.
16.
For a bed of an Of pastyniug thus mesure every side
acre square, mea-
sure 180ft. long,
as many wide.
A table square an acre lande to holde,
108 Ffeet scores nyne 1 in lenght as feele in wyde,
Let square it so, theroute of may be tolde
Of squares x feet wyde, who so beholde,
CCC square
2
of x and twyes twelve. 3
112 The nomber wol thyne acre 4 overwhelve.
17.
Whatever the This nomber what the liketh to pastyne
space to be pre-
pared for vines, Dissensseth alle decempedes 5 xvni.
measure out ten
squares of eight- Renomber hem, but tymes twyos nyde 6 (nyne)
een for an acre.
116 Decempedes, therof ther shall be seen
CCC mi & m
and xviine (v. cccxxiv}.
As was before ;
iche acre oute thou trace
In this maner of large or litel space.
18.
The proper soil 120 Thi vynes soile be not to molsh nor hardde,
for Tineyards is
the mean between But sumdel molsh, neither to fatte ne leene, 7
softandhard,rich
and poor, high But so wel fatte nor pitche it not downwarde,
;
and low, wet and
dry; neither bit-
ter nor salt.
Nor splatte it not to flatte, but sumwhat lene 8 ;
19.
1
centum octoginta. 2 3 4 5
decempede. xxiv. jugerum. squares of x foote.
6 xviii. 7 8 9
exile. inclined. formidant.
DIFFERENT SOILS FOR VINES. 49
20.
21.
Molsh cley and stany lande, and stering stones Loose clay, stony
land, and loose
stonesmixedwith
Commyxt with moold and flynt that erthe is under, mould, under-
Of cold and moist conservatour flyntstone ground flint, and
is,
places into which
144 The rootes and the sonne hath asonder, 2 hills descend, and
it
valleys filled with
water, are all
Eke places unto whome from hilles sender 8 good for vines.
The landes sweete, and valeys that the flood
22.
148 Lande argillose, and not cley by it selve, Clayey land, not
clay itself, is ad-
Ys commodiouse and there as wrecthed greves
;
vantageous ; but
never dig where
Soure 4 lande to weete or salt is, never delve, there are wretch-
ed groves,orsour,
And alwey thristy
5
drie land in repreve is. wet, or salt land.
Thirsty, dry land
1 52 Undounged sleek wol make hem lene, as preve is ;
is also in disre-
pute; undunged
In reed erthe eke a vyne is harde to take, sleek is known
to
make vines lean ;
in red earth they
Though afterwarde sumdele therin is wake. do not thrive at
first.
23.
Red earth very
But wicked to be wrought,
this lande is full troublesome to
Mork, being too
156 To hardde in heete, and over softe in weete. hard in heat and
too soft in wel.
Now spek of goode lande, levyng that is nought, Good land is
somewhat loose,
As welny rare attemporanntly mete, 6
but in the mean.
In cold places let
The mydday sonne eke stande it with to mete it look to the
south, in warm
1 60 In places cold, and to septemtrioun places let it in-
cline towards the
In places hoote enclyne it sum what doune. north.
1 2 3 4 5 6
squalor. ab invicera. separantur. amara. siticulosus. mediocris.
50 TREATMENT OF LETTUCES.
24.
In cool (tepid)
1
places let it in- In places cole enclyne it on the est,
cline towards the
east; but if the Yf Est or southeryn wyndes nought enaye,
east or south
wind annoy, turn 164 And yf thai doo, turne hem southwest or west
them (the vine-
yards) south-west
or west. Remove Impedimentes rootes oute thou trie,
all obstructions
of roots, and tread
And tradde it so that wicked herbes die.
it down to get rid
of weeds. Vine-
Two foote and half the feeld, and three the cleves,
land in the plain
to be two-and-a-
168 And mi an hille pastyned deepe to cheve is.
half feet deep, on
a declivity three
feet,onahillfour. 25.
2
Rank land is best Rong lande a foote and half, a valey twey
two -and -a- half
feet deep, a valley Ffeet deep is atte the best, experte ynough
two feet. Vines
prove best if set Am I that vynes preveth best if thai
immediately after
the spade or 172 Be sette anoon alter the spade or plough,
plough, ere they
become firm or Ar then the lande be wexen sadde or tough.
tough. So says
the Author from
his own expe-
That this is goode whether me plowe or delve
rience.
Myne auctour saithe he sawe the preef himselve.
25.
Plant lettuces in
January or De-
176 Letuce is to be sette in Janyveer,
cember, to be Or December, the plantes
transplanted in
to revieve
February; or sow
in February and
In Severer ;
either in ffeveryere
transplant in
April. They may
Let sowe and in Aprill her plantes meve.
be planted all
through the year 180 Eke sowe hem alle the yere weel wol thai preve
in fertile land,
rank, and dunged, In ronke and dounged fertil lande, but sette
but they must be
cut even, and ma- Hem not but even kytte and dounge ywette
nured with liquid.
nd
longh (?) land. 184 Moist dounged londe and longh hem liketh best.
Weeds must be
wrung up by the The weedes with an hande must uppe be wronge,
hand, and those
that stand thin- And thai that thynnest standeth beth gladdest.
nest are largest.
Or slit the leaves Or slitte her leves growen so wel prest,
when grown, and
press them down 188 And with a shelle or a hutte 3 adoune hem presse, 4
with a shell or a
clod. And thai wol glade and fate under this presse. r>
2 3 *
tepidis. uliginosa. gleba. preme. prelo.
WONDERFUL POWER OF NATURE IN PLANTS. 51
28.
29.
30.
1 3
bacham. caprini stercoris. bacham. ambint.
52 CRESS, ROCKET, COLEWORT, AND SERVICE-APPLES.
32.
Cresses
may be
sown anywhere,
Now cresses sowe, and sette hem when the list ;
33.
34.
35.
The large plants
2
require a deeper The planntes bigge a depper delf desireth,
trench. They
grow more for 240 And larger space, as wynde may hem to shake,
being shaken by.
winds. If red
That greteth hem eke as the caas requireth ;
hairy worms feed
within the pith,
take some of
Yf hery wormes reede her festes make
them and burn unhurt the tree thou take
them without Inwith the pith,
hurting the tree,
and they will 244 Oute sum of hem, and brenne hem nygh beside,
either die or not
stay.
And either wol thai die or nought abyde.
2
e vestgio. robusti.
TO MAKE SERVICE-TREES FRUITFUL. 53
36.
And whan thai softe hem, putte in puttes lite When soft put
them in small
Of erthe, and cley her mouthes, sette hem depe earthen pots, clay
them over, and
Two foote and under sonne as thai delite, tread them down
in a hole two foot
256 And tradde hem fast above, and lete hem slepe ;
deep. You may
keep them slit
Eke slitte and sonne-dried thou maist hem kepe, and sun-dried,
and their flavour
And when the list in water hoote revire
3 will revive in hot
water.
Thai wol, and taste even as the list desire.
38.
39.
cuneum. 2
cortice. revirere. derk.
54 MANAGEMENT OF ALMOND-TREES,
40.
They love chalky, The feldes calculose, eke harde and drie
hard, dry, soil,
1
and a hot cli- Thai and h attest ayer, forth! thai ripe
love,
mate as they
;
ripen quickly, 276 And floureth with eke of the yonge oute trie
;
transplant a few
young plants ; Oon here, oon there, and elles where hem dripe.
leave as many as
your land will Let stand as feel as thi lande begripe.
hold. Set only may
large new ones, Sette eke noon almondes but greet and newe,
and remove them
in February.
280 And hem is best in Feveryere remewe.
41.
Steep
mead a day
them in
he-
A day afore her setting, hem to stepe
fore setting, hut In meeth is goode, but watter it wel for this.
water it well.
Some keep them Muche hony might hem harme, and sum hem kepe
three nights in
liquid manure ; 284 Three nyght in molton 9 dounge, and doo not mys ;
the fourth night
they are steeped
in mead and set
The nnth nyght in meeth is steped is ;
in the seed-bed.
Thenne is it in the semynair ysowe
Or sette in goode tyme up shall it growe.
42.
Water them every 288 And watter hem every moon in droughtes thrie,
month three
times in drought ; Eke delve hem alle aboute and weede hem clene,
dig, and weed,
and dung them.
Plant them Dounge eke thi semynair to multiplie
twenty, or
least fifteen
at
feet
Hem in, but plante hem twenty foote atween,
apart.
vember cut off
In No- 292 Or at the leest asonder hem xvne .
43.
If beasts bite
them they will be
bitter. Dig not
Yf beestes bite hem, bitter wol thai be,
round them when
they flower.
296 But mylge hem not in tymes when thai
3
floure,
They are fair
when fertile, and For therof wol anoone the blossom fle,
when they are
barren drive a Her fertile age is faire, and for the honoure
pin of a firebrand
through the root, The bareyne with a firebronde pyn socoure,
or insert a flint-
stone so that the 300 Dryve in the bored roote, or a flynte stoon
bark may grow
over it. So doo that him the bark may overgoone.
3
qma. liquide. circumfode.
AND MODE OF GRAFTING THEM. 55
44.
45.
46.
47.
Washing them in
"Weshe hem in see licoure whenne thai be clene, sea-water or brine
makes them
324 Or water salt, and white thai longe endure. white. Graft al-
monds in Decem-
In December, or Janyveer demeane, ber or January,
but in cold lands
Or Feveryere in cold londe, a mesure in February,
whose grafts take
To graffe an almont tree whoos graffes pure from the top.
Graft them in the
328 Oute of the toppe, eke graffe in stocke or rynde stock or rind on
peaches or other
In peches, and eke in thaire propere kynde. almonds.
56 OF THE WALNUT.
48.
49.
They love hills,
and cold stony Moist, hilly, cold, and stony lande thai love,
land with moist-
ure ; they live With humoure eke thai lyve in tempre stedes.
also in temper-
ate places. Sow Eke sette hem so and thenne, as saide above
them in the
same manner as
340 Of the almonndes is, in November eke nede is
almonds. In No-
vember dry them To sunne and drie hem sumdel, also spede is
in the sun. In
January and Feb- In Janyver and fferyer to steepe
ruary it saves
time to steep them
one day before
Hem oon day into lande or then thei crepe.
they are put in
the ground.
50.
Sow them trans-
versely, one side 344 Sette hem transverse oon syde intort the grounde,
in the ground to
look towards the
north. Put a,
But sette thaire tree, to looke on the Aquylone ;
stone on a tile
under the root, A stoon or tyle under the roote enrounde,
that it may not
go down a mere That it goo nought douneright a stalk e alloone
stalk, but may
spread. They are 348 But sprede aboute eke gladder be ther noone
;
more luxuriant
transplanted. Then thai transplanted ofte, at three yere old
Transplant in hot
lands at three, in In hoote lande hem transplaunte, at tweyne in cold.
cold at two, years
old,
Leaving the root 51.
uncut, though in
other trees we cut
we must set
Thaire roote uncutte, yf other treen me cutte,
it;
one plant in ox-
dung and ashes 352 Oon plante in oon oxe dounge is doune to sette,
therewith to sep-
arate the heat of And askes with, the heete a part to putte
the dung, lest it
burn. The ashes Of dounge indoon, lest it adure 1 and lette.
will fret the ten-
der plant, or This aske in tender rynde a tree wol frette,
Immensity will
bring forth abun- 356 As men beleve, or fruytes densitee
dance from small
conceit. Fforth brynge on smal conceyve 3 immensitee. 8
brenne. 2 3
creature. supple Dei.
TO KEEP THE NUTS WHEN RIPE. 57
52.
In delves 1 deepe is sette thair appetite They like deep
holes on account
Thaire magnitude a larger lande requireth. of their size, and
their dropping is
360 Eke to noo tree thaire dropping is delite, favourable to no
tree, even of their
Her brere thorne and her owne kynde it ireth
2 own kind. They
require milging
And in thaire age a mylging thay
8
desireth, (digging) in their
old age, lest they
Lest thai therein all hoore yberded goo become gray-
;
bearded. Make a
364 And chanel eke thaire tunicke unto the too. groove in them
from top to bot-
tom.
53.
The bonfice of sonne and wynde wol harde 4 Sun and wind
willharden those
Hem sure ynough that were in way to dede. that were near
dying. If the nut
And yf thi nutteknotty or to harde,
is be too hard, slit
its rind. Some
368 To slitte his rynde evel humours oute to lede, advise to cut the
root, and drive
The rootes forto croppe eke sum men rede. 5 a stake of box
through it, or an
A stake of boxe do thorough this bored roote iron or copper
nail.
54.
55.
And when huske agooth hem thai beth
thaire ripe, When the husks
drop, they are
380 Eke so thai must be sette, and hem to kepe ripe : then set
them. Keep them
Lete close hem in a barel or a pipe in a barrel made
of their own
Made of thaire owen tree, or lette hem slepe wood, or in sand,
or chaff, or onions,
In greet, or chaf, or oynyons yf thai wepe,
ifthey be sour ;
or in their own
384 Ffor thai thaire bittre soure wol leaves.
mortifie,
Or kepe hem in her owen leves drie.
1 2 irritat. 3 4
scrobibus. gremii fossuram. durescere.
5 6 7
oonsulunt. formicas. lixivo.
58 TIME TO MARK ANIMALS.
56.
Martial says that And Marcial saithe mittes shelled greene,
nuts placed green
without shells in As greene, in hony putte, aier endure,
honey remain
green, and a drink
made of this li-
388 And drinke of this licoure wol cure up clene
quor will cure The pipes and the gomes, as is sure
the veins and
gums. Graft them This Marcial expert upon this cure.
on plums, or on
themselves, or on In plomtree, in thayme self, in crabbe tree
crabs in January.
392 At Janyveer ygraffed may thai be.
57.
Now graft tubers Nowe tuberes in quynces may me graffe,
on quinces, and
sow peach-stones ; Nowe sette in peches boon, now almounde tree
1
In January oil of
59.
myrtle-berries is
made in this man- In Janus oil confecte of myrtes bay is
ner : take an
ounce of leaves,
a pound of oil, 408 In this maner : an unce of foiles take,
and shake an
ounce of berries A pounde of oyle, and x unce of this bay is,
in half a pint of
old wine, and In half a sexter aged wyne do shake,
make it all boil at
once. The wine And alle this thing to boile atte ones make.
prevents the
leaves from burn- 412 This wyne is in this werk lest foiles drie
ing away before
boiling. This boyling wolde eschewe, and brenne or frie.
3
stoon. surculum.
OIL AND WINE MADE OF MYRTLE, AND LAUREL, AND MASTICK. 59
60.
Now myrtite wyne is made of myrtes bayes, Myrtle wine
made by break-
is
61.
62.
63.
Now
hennes legge upon 1 thaire wynter rest ;
Now hens lay and
brood. Now is
2 the best time to
436 Nowe forto hatche are hennes obroode ;
fall timber, at the
end of the month.
Nowe make is to falle in season best
In the Author's
time and place
Pfor pale, or hegge, or house, or shippe in floode. the hours of this
month and De-
In olde eke of this moone is this most goode. cember were
equal.
440 This moon and December wer oon in space
2
1
after. incubare.
60 THE LENGTH OF THE HOURS.
60.
1
xii. 3 3 6
sc. xii, crescere. sc. priraa hora.
6 sc.
xi.
FFEBERYERE.
BOOK THE THIED.
De proscindendis collibus.
2.
8 Atte places warme, in daies lithe and drie, Now is the time
to plough up
land in
Ys nowe the hilly landes uppe to eree, hilly
warm places, and
4 to sow all three-
Trymenstre seede in erthe is nowe to strie ;
monthly seed and
pulse in
Now wold also thi puls be sowen there loose, rich,
thin,
dry
soil.
12 As thynne, and resolute, and fatte it were;
And namely drie. Andwhi? Lest luxurie
And humour excessyve go make it die.
3.
De serendo canabo.
4.
At the end of the
month sowhemp, Last in this moone eke Hemp is to be sowe
six seeds in a
squarefoot. Now
In dounged, fatty, playne, weet, and depe lande ;
7.
Cast olive-dregs
Oyl dregges fresshe is profitable holde
amongst the
trees, especially 44 To kest amonge, and rathest in olyve ;
olives, in cold
days, ere the heat But this a man must doo in dayes colde,
arrives. Sow Ga-
latian barley
about the first of
Or thenne the fervour hoote on hem aryve.
March
land, and
in
it
cold
will
Now barly Galatyk is forto thryve,
grow white and 48 Abouten Marche kalendes yf me sowe
firm.
8.
9.
Sette in the fertil feeld smale and fecounde, Set in rich soil
the small and
The sadde and beryng vynes in the lene, 1
fruitful; in poor
land the firm and
The bowy 2 bigge in densed erthe abounde, bearing ; the
branching in
dense earth the
60 And sonnest ripe in cloudy cold demeene,
early-ri
;
11.
But knowe is this that grapes faire and greet Fair, large
grapes, with hard,
72 Pypyned hardde and drie it is to take dry pips, are best
for the table; but
Unto the borde and tender grapes weete
; tender, succulent
grapes of good
That savour best and sonnest wolde asslake flavour, and that
soonest fade, are
And dwyne awey, of hem thi wynes make. best to make wine.
Vines are changed
76 The place chaungeth kynde of sum vynes. bysite. Aminaean
make best wine.
Yyne Amynee hath ever fairest wynes.
1 2 frondosas.
sc. lande.
64 GREATER AND LESSER VINES.
15.
2
sc. minor. sc. knottes.
TIME AND MANNER OF PLANTING VINES. 65
16.
17.
The squorges l hie and graffeslrom the folde, Fold from thee
(i.e. reject) the
2 and
Though thai wol growe, and scions pampinary top
grafts,
shoots
and let
With fruyte, for fruytfull lete hem not be told, not leafy scions
be considered
116 Ffor thai from fruyte to barynesse wol vary fruitful; for they
will degenerate,
and will
Whenne thai be sette, and then hem wol thou wary. you
curse them. Do
not bend the
But writhe not the hede of the sarment, head of a cutting.
Whenne it is sette, nor doo it noo turment.
18.
19.
8 foliosi.
flagilla.
66 VARIOUS KINDS NECESSARY.
20.
If they be planted
two-feet-and-a-
Two foote and halfe if thai be sette atwynne,
half
5006
asunder,
24 cuttings
V M 6 save twyes twelve
-will fill up an 136 Sarmentes wol
acre. And fille up the lande withinne
whether you
plough or dig
An acre table tilled by it selve :
your land, ex- And wethir thou thi landes eree or delve,
tend a line over
and along the
space reserved,
Overward and afterlonge extende a lyne,
and put a stick
where each vine 140 And putte a sticke in place of every vyne.
is to be.
21.
Then lay down Then kest adoune the scions here and there,
the scions and in-
sert one in the And ympe in oon in every stickes place.
place of every
stick. If all the Oon maner vyne yf alle thi landes here,
vines were of one
sort, a bad year
might destroy all.
144 A wicked yere myght come and alle difface ;
22.
Graft old vines 148 Thi vynes olde eke graffe hem table mele; 1
bed by bed. Thus
the early ripe It wol be faire, it wol be profitable,
grapes may yield
us their fruit Thus easely thaire fruytes may me dele
easily in the bed,
and thus there The rathest riping grapes in thaire table,
will be better
wine
ness,
and busi-
as experi-
152 That other may come after as thai able ;
23.
1
tabillatim.
HOW TO MAKE GROVES. 6WI
24.
l
Wyndraf goode is comixt with dounge,
also Grape-skins may
be mixed with
But yf thou sette a plant or a slevyng, the dung. Put a
little damp mould
26.
In it place your
176 In that thi scions or thi planntes may scions or plants
with a small space
Be sette a little asonder, gemmes 4 three between. The
scions should
Of scions under moolde is sette alway. have three buds
under ground.
And yeres two whenne that thai rooted be, Transplant scions
and trees two
180 Translate hem be thai scions, be thai tree. years after strik-
ing root. It is
The scabby braunches and the wexed rootes beneficial against
divers harms to
To cut away for dyvers harmes boote is. cut away scabby
branches and en-
larged roots.
27.
In one trench
Two scions in oon diche 5 it is to sette
place two scions
so that they do
184 That neither oth'r touch a sounder soo not touch each
other, but let
Thaire growing forto encumb'r or to lette, them be close to
the sides of the
But faire up by the sydes lette hem goo. trench. Mago
6 advises not to fill
The first yere fille it not, as saith Mago, it up the first
year, but fill it
188 But fille it full uppe at the yer(d)es end ; up at the year's
end.
The depper wol the roote of hem descende.
2 8 * 6 ille auctor.
vinacea. knottes. arbusta. yointes. Sc. delve.
68 HOW TO TRAIN VINES TO TREES.
28.
29.
30.
A scion should be
six feet from its
204 A scion sette it vi feet from the tree,
tree, lest the tree Lest that the tree encrece, and it oppresse,
grow and oppress
it. It should be Prom beestes kept with dichyng must it be ;
kept from beasts
by a ditch. The The vyne eke to the tree with bondes dresse.
Tine must be
fastened to a tree.
A better plan is
208 A bettir crafte is for this besinesse
to make a skep make a skeppe
(or basket) a foot
Lette of twygge a foote in brede,
wide, or some- And sumdel lesse alle it be, noo drede.
what less. though
31.
Bring this near This bring unto the tree with vynes spredde,
the tree to which
vines are tied ; 212 And thorowe the bo thorn therof make a gappe,
make a hole in
the bottom, that That thorowe that gappe a scion may be ledde.
a scion may be
trained through This (s)keppe unto the tree thou bynde and happe,
it ; fasten this
skep
and
to the tree,
with
fill it
And fille it with quyk moolde, and therin wrappe
quick mould, and 216 This scion in the skeppe a lite ywounde 1
wrap the scion
in it.
Or writhed in this litel skeppe grounde.
1
Vel intortum.
PROVINCIAL VINES. 69
32.
Within a yer weel rooted wol it be Within a year it
will be rooted
.
In with this skeppe, under whoos bothom sholde within the gkep,
from under which
220 Hit be so kytte and borne unto the tree it should be cut
and taken to the
Ther it shal growe, and set it faire in moolde, tree where it is
to grow. Setskep
The skeppe and and all in the
all, so wol it take and holde,
ground, and
doubtless it will
Withouten doute, as fele as er the list.
take, and bear as
224 Doo serve hem and in thaire growyng triste.
many vines as
thus, you like.
35.
And strength allway the theigh in the kytting.
Always
strengthen the
240 Two hardness in oon vyne is not to make. thigh. Keep not
two arms (dura-
The menta)in one vine.
crooked, febul, fatte, and mys growing, Take out crooked,
fat, mis-
And eke the greyne branche away thou take.
feeble,
shapen, green
branches. Allow
The lower branche in goodly place awake, the lower branch,
growing in a good
244 Let suffre that a gemme or two extende, soil, to extend a
bud or two to
The vynes to repaire or forto amende. repair the vine.
70 DIRECTIONS FOR PRUNING VINES.
36.
In mild places
In easy places hier may thai traile,
they may be high ;
on lean lands, or
hot, steep, stormy
In lene, or hoote, declyne, or stormy stedys
places, low. In
rich soils there 248 Lete hem be lowe also this wol advaile.
;
is no need of
more than two In place fatte of iche an arm no nede is
branches to each
arm. It is pro- Of branche moo than two. Also it spede is
fitable to judge
a vine's strength, To deme upon the bygnesse of the vyne,
what will make
t stand or fall. 252 As what wol make it stande, and what declyne.
37.
It is enough for The vyne hie and of fecunditee
the high and
fruitful vine to
In brannches vm ynough is to dilate,
spread into eight
branches. Let
Aboute his thegh 1 lette noo thing growing be,
nothing grow
about its thigh,
unless the vine-
256 But yf it axe to be revocate,
yard require to And yf
be restored. If the the stok be holgh or concavate,
stock be hollow,
cut off the dead Purge of the dede, oildregges on the wounde
wood. Oil-dregs
will heal the With erthe ydoon wol hele it uppe by grounde.
wound effectu-
ally.
39.
Vines four feet
high may have And if thi footes iv ascende,
four arms: a lean vynes
one may have one
branch on each 268 Thenne armes iv is goode forth forto
streyue,
arm, a fat one
two. But if you yf it be lene in iche an arme extende,
train them all on
one side, they will A branche, if it be fatte, extend up tweyne.
die like a thing
struck by light- But alle oute of oon syde if thou hem treyne,
ning. Do away,
therefore, with 272 As thing with leyt 2 forsmitten, wol thai die,
that feeble hus-
bandry. For thi doo way that feble husbondrie.
1
F^crus. fulgwre.
PRUNING GROVES. 71
40.
De putacione arbusti.
41.
The vyne Prune the new
ysette into the tree to growe, wood at the first
His first matier at the thridde or secounde, or second bud.
But to have fewer
Gemme is and everie yere alowe
to cutte, but larger grapes,
lead up the vine
to the tree's top.
284 It up to encrece, and wynes forto abounde,
Yf thou wolt have on bowes hem fecounde.
But fewer forto have and gretter wynes
Into thi trees toppe lede uppe thi vynes.
42.
288 In bigger bowes fele, and fainter fewe The branches that
bore the former
Brannches doo traile, and cutte hem bei this reason year ought to be
cut the succeed-
To that the grapes were uppon by rewe ing season. It re-
freshes the vines
The forme yere, now cutte hem this season. to unbind them
every year.
292 The rainal from the fressher bough to leson
Ys goode, and everie yere hem forto unbinde
Is comforte and refresshing to thaire kynde.
43.
44.
Let not the vine To thicke uppon the tree doo not the vyne,
grow too thick.
If one tree fail
rear up another.
And yf oon faille, up reree an oth'r tree ;
46.
Columella would
have ayoungvine 316 A novel vyne, as telleth Columelle,
after the first year
formed to one After the formest yere to oon matiere
wood; and not,
according to (The) fourme is
goode, and not as oth^r telle,
others, cut down
at the end of the The seconnde yer to kytte of alle yfere,
second year, so
that it either dies 320 That thai or dede, or pampinary, were :
or becomes leafy.
Better leave a But better is to lette a gemme or twoo.
bud or two, es-
pecially in large In bigger vynes rather this is do.
vines.
De propaginibus.
48. Now Tines are to
be propagated.
1
ETowe husbondrie his olde vynes plecheth. Old, hard, worn
out vines are not
The long endured, olde, for freeten vyne benefitted, says
Columella, by
332 Is not to helpe, as Columelle techeth, digging them all
in, but by bend-
To delve it under alle, but to reclyne ing them like a
bow, and burying
the ends in the
It like abowe, and under lande it myne. he
ground :
for,
says, if the stock
Ffor, as he saithe, the cors I delve in grounde, be dug in, there
will be too many
336 The rootes wol abounde and alle confounde. roots.
49.
He saithe also that after yeres tweyne These bows, he
says, in two years
This bowes into brannches wol abounde, will grow into
branches. But
tillers complain
But tiliers upon this thing compleyne :
that if they be
cut down after
340 That if me cutte hem after the secounde the second win ter
wol be seke and in the grounde they will be sickly
Wynter, thai and their roots
will die.
Her rootes faile, and sodainly thai die.
De insitionibus.
50.
344 As in this moone in places warm and glade
There are three
modes of graft-
Thi it is to solemnyse, ing, two of which
graffing goode are to be done
Three maner graffynges be made, now the third
may in
;
summer. Some
on the
An tweyne of hem is now to do the gyse, graft
stock, some under
the bark, others
348 In somer doon the thridde hath his devyse,
by plastering,
Oon in the stok, oon graffeth under rynde ;
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
bore it in the
middle, and cut And ther it growed croppe a plante of peche,
a peach plant
where it grew, 416 And there uppon let slippe adowne that bore 3
and put the two
ends of it into the That either hede into the lande forth reche.
bore, and clay
and and
bind
moss,
it.
Bende as a bowe, or vynes that men pleche,
And cleme it, mose it, bynde it softe aboute.
420 Quod, he thus wol it growe it is noo doute.
61.
After a year the A yere agoone, thai two wol joine as oon,
two will unite,
and fruit without Thenne cutte away the roote under the bowe,
stones will grow
on it. The willow And ley goode erthe on everie side, and on
loves moisture
and to make other 424 Withouten bones fruyt theron wol growe.
trees fruitful.
In places moist and ronke is moost to trowe
Upon this crafte for withi loveth wete,
:
62,
Olive yards to he 428 This moone in places temporate olyve
made this month
in temperate In pastyne, or in tables brinkes sette,
places.
Or in thaire groundes, beth to growe and thrive.
And oute of thi pastyne if thai be fette,
432 The hed and everie bough or smal or grette
Kitte of; a cubit and an handful longe
Thai must be sette if they shal have noo wronge.
63.
Cut off
every dry Shouve a stake afore, and in doo kest
part and cover
the heads with 436 Sum barly seede, and kitte of everie drie,
clay or moss, and
bind them. Let
the same side
Her hedes and mose, and bind hem fest.
turn towards the The same side uppon the south to wrie,
south as did be-
fore.
As dede beforne, is holden husbondrie.
440 Let sette hem feete a sonder thries v, 3
4
Or twies x, as best is hem to thrive.
2 3
penetrare. foramen. XV.
VARIETIES OF OLIVES. 77
64.
65.
1
The potter's clay, the wlonk, or sondy lene, Potter's clay, and
marshy or sandy
And naked cley nvs nought though it take,
: for. soil is useless,
and where oak or
It wol not cleve ;
eke there as ook hath bene crab trees have
been. Olives pre-
452 Or it forsake. fer ground be-
crabtree, the olyves
J tween north and
The rootes wol thaire oile or slen or slake. south.
66.
67.
1
uliginosa.
78 PROPER SITUATION AND TREATMENT.
68.
Place them
W.S.W. in
And West Southweste hem forto order best is,
trenches dug 3ft.
deep. If there
In delves drie and footes mi depe
are no beasts, let
the plants scarce
472 Idolve ;
and if the place is saaf for bestes
appear above Unneth oute
ground, but let
of the lande thou lete hem crepe.
them be higher
where beasts are.
And elles herree hem selven forto kepe
Ffrom bestes byte, and ther as wanteth stonys.
476 Cley mixt with donnge in settyn with hem doon is.
69.
In dry places, There raynes faile, and lande is over drie,
where there are
plants,
boughs of
plant
olive
And nedeth to be wette and bere olyve,
or six feet
five
long, and trans-
And plannte is noon hem with to multiplie,
plant in five years. 480 Lette sette into thi
semynary blyve
Olyves bowes vi feet longe or v.
And v yere olde transplante hem in this moone
To places colde, as best it is to doone.
70.
Many have taken 484 I knowe hem that have take olyves yonge,
young olives from
woods or deserts, This wey 1 is light and more utilitee,
and planted them
a cubit long. In wodes or desertes uppe yspronge,
Kitte and sette a cubit long to be,
488 And plantes fele have spronge of suche a tree.
But in the semynairie moost thai roote
With dounge and moolde admixt unto thaire roote.
interpositio.
LOOSENING THE SOIL ROUND TREES AND PLANTS. 79
72.
73.
The stocke, if thou wolt set it, doo to stonde Let the stock he
3ft. high. Do not
Three foote in heght, and plantes forto sette set two plants in
one hole. Co-
Tweyne in oon delve is not to take on honde lumella says nuts
grow best from.
508 Ffor wormes, and lest either oth'r lette.
In places drie also thai must be wette.
Yit Columelle he saithe of seedes sowe
Or nuttes wol best bering treen up growe.
74.
75.
Ffrist from the roote abate of alle the moolde The plants in the
nursery should
520 And mynge it weel with dounge, and kest it on now be dug about,
and superfluous
Ayaine. Eke in the seminary sholde branches and use-
less roots exit off
The plantes now be mylged everichone, to avoid hinder-
ing fertility.
And brannches now superfluent of gone,
524 And rootes smale of noon utilitee
76.
77.
78.
79.
reeds in shallow Pful subtil flaxe and smal therof wol growe,
holes half a foot
apart. And also thicke and longe as it may stande.
2 3 canneta.
plantas. circumfodias.
GARDEN HEDGES. 81
80.
In places drie and hoote me must assigne Give them a moist
mould, not too
Hem mooldes moist, and ther as it is colde. wet nor too dry,
but benign.
556 To weet is nought ;
to drie is nought ; benynynge Sprinkle aspara-
gus seed amongst
Is goode, so that the towne water doune folde them.
81.
Cannetes olde eke tyme is nowe to wede, Weed and cut off
obstructions
And of to kytte it that thaire roote uneseth, from the root, and
remove the eye-
And hem that rote or crokydly precede. less plants. Plant
willows, etc., for
564 The barein eyles canne their service.
also displeseth.
Make or till beds
Now wylous, busshes, bromes, thing that eseth
of myrtle.
83.
But everie day me must it delve and weete Trefoil, cress, co-
riander, poppy,
576 Until it take. Eke letuce is nowe sowe, and savoury to be
sown now.
In Aprill it to plannte in other lete.
tempus est.
8-3 ON ONIONS AND DILL.
84.
Onions
sown
may
in spring
be Smal onyons be with it, or by hem selve
or autumn. I sowe ;
eke hem in veer and in harvest
Grown from seed
they will have a 584 Thai sowe, whoos seede in moolde if that me delve,
small body and
great head. The body smal, the hede wol be grettest.
But onyons as for seede to sette is best.
The hede wol dwyne awaie as it wolde die,
85.
Weeds and roots Ffate lande ydounged moist and wel ywrought
to be taken care-
fully out of an
Onyons desire. In it lete beddes make
onion bed. Sown
at the new moon Iche herbe and roote oute of it fetely sought.
they will be large,
at the full moon
email and bitter.
592 A plesannte day and clere to sowe in take,
And grettest wol the growyng moone hem make
And sweet ynough the wanyng of the moone
;
86.
Pluck off the 596 Let hem be thynne ynough, and weede hem ofte,
leaves from the
top to make their And if the list her hedes forto swelle,
heads swell. If
you wish for seeds Plucke of the foiles alle aboute on lofte.
prop them up.
When ripe they So wol the juce inwith her hedes dwelle,
become black.
600 And thai that shall of seedes bere a belle,
87.
Dill may now be Half drie up plucke hem, in the sonne hem drie.
sown in any cli-
mate. Water it 604 "Now dile in places eolde is goode to sowe,
in dry weather,
but weed it sel- Hit may with everie ayer under the skye.
dom. Some think
that no bird will Gladder it is there warmer wyndes blowe,
harm it.
And water hem yf shoures be to slowe.
608 But wede hem seld. Eke sum have this bileve,
1
That bare ylefte there shall noo foul it greve.
ON CABBAGES. 83
88.
lete sowe it nowe, and cool sede bothe, Sow mustard and
Senvey colewort in rich
And when the list, weelwrought fatte lande thai love,land not sandy.
No rain will in-
612 And sondy cley gravelous thai lothe. jure them. A
south aspect
But yf it reyned day and nyght above brings them
sooner than a
Ther may noo wether harme hem, nor remove. northern.
89.
But there 1 thai wol be greet and savoure well. They like hills
and rich land,
The clyf thai love and fatte ydounged londe, but it must be al-
wayswell weeded.
And weded well itmot ben everidell, To make them
white, sift ground
620 Eke sumdel ferre asonder must thai stonde. glass on them
when they have
To make hem hoor as frost eke crafte is fonde : three or four
leaves.
Let grounden glasse goo sifte on hem aboute,
When thaire trefoil or quaterfoil is oute.
90.
624 This wol hem make in vigoure long dwelle, Columella would
wrap their roots
And forto seethe eke tender wol thai be. in sea-weed to
keep them green.
To holde hem grene, eke chargeth Columelle Set them far
apart,that though
Thaire rootes in see froth wrapped to se, it be long ere they
take root, they
628 And therwithall of dounge a quantitee. may be stronger.
And sette hem greet aparty, for though longe
Or then thai taked be, thai wol be stronge*
91.
in Septentrion.
84 ASPARAGUS, MALLOWS, CHERVIL, ETC.
92.
Asparagus
will
seeds Me semeth this is good and profitable.
multiply
where every- "Wild asperages rootes trie
thing else dies. many
Burn them every 640 Into erthe
year in bundles
ytilde, or stony lande is able
(scopes).
Ynough for hem : for thai wol multiplie
There as all other treen and herbes deye,
And every yere in scopes hem to brenne,
644 And thicker, gretter, s wetter wol up renne.
93.
1
Mallow, mint,
and pars-
Nowe malowe is sowe, and myntes plannte or roote
fennel,
nips sown or In places moist, or water nygh is sowe.
planted this
month. Now dounged fatte lande axeth thai to roote ;*
648 So it be gladde ;
eke fenel wol up growe,
So it be gladde ;
in stony lande ythrowe
Persnepes sede ;
or planntes fatte and rare
94.
95.
96.
And when ye plannte it, dounge and water doo To make them
grow to head, sow
Therto but heded yf thou list it have,
;
in spring, and
transplant in Oc-
668 In veer lete sowe, in October goo too toher,
And transplannte it ;
fatte londes wol it crave,
97.
98.
680 So wol thou finde a space under thaire roote Plant many seeds
together, and
And heded full, eke forto make hem greet, they will grow
into one root
Doo seedes fele yfere, and thai wol roote together. They
will grow faster
Yfere, and in oon body wol thai greet, if no iron be
99.
1
oculos. 8 calamus.
ON PEAR-TREES.
100.
They grow best Thai sette nought by the ayres qualitee,
near a well. They
last almost for
ever if defended
And gladde be thai to stande aboute awelle
from cold. Cum- 696 That humour ever thaire boteler be.
min and anise to may
be sown now.
Ffrom hem yf thou defende eke coldes felle
In thaire growyng almoost they ever dwelle.
Nowe comyn and aneyse is fatte ysowe
700 In dounged lande and weeded wel to growe.
101.
Thfe pear-tree to The peretree plannte is sette in places cold
be planted in
cold places in Atte ffeveryere, and there as is a warmer ayer
February ; in a
warmer soil in In Novemb'r ; and then eke goode is holde
November.
704 To graffe hem thir moist erthe is her goode leire ;
102.
A stony pear is 708 A stannry pere
1
saide to channge is mete
is
said to change
its flavour if it In easy lande ygraffed if he be :
be grafted into
generous land. It Hit is but happe of plannte a tree to gete.
is a chance if you
obtain a tree from And if thou wilt take of a gentil tree
a plant.
712 Not wilde atte alle withoute asperitee,
103.
Pear? will also But sette hem rooted wel in delves wyde
grow from seed.
We need not 716 III foote or mi and cropped feire,
in heght,
despair though
nature be slow. With cley and mosse her hedes hode and hide.
To her eternity
delay is not tedi- Eke seedes so wen peres wol repeire.
Nature such it is not to dispiere
720 Late yf she be : for targyng may not be
Ffastidiose in her eternitee.
lapidosum.
TO GRAFT PEARS AND CURE THEM. 87
104.
105.
106.
107.
And sum also dooth askes with this dounge. Some mix ashes
therewith to im-
744 Thai seyne therof ther wol goode taste arise. prove the flavour.
It is too long to
The kynde of hem to telle it is to longe, tell their varie-
ties. Asick pear-
not in dyvers gise. tree should have
"While thaire tillinge is
it roots bared, be
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
So thai be drie, and not caduc and harde, Place them dry,
hard, sound, and
And hool, and sumdel greene, and then hem doo greenish in a
pitched vessel,
In sum vessel pitched wel upwarde. and keep them
underground
788 The bothom doo this vessel closed soo. near a running
stream.
And where a place is with a brooke through goo,
Continully there hide hem in the grounde.
For peres yit an other crafte is founde.
114.
792 As forto pulle hem hardde of flessh and skynne Another plan is
to gather them
And keep hem uppe but when thai gynneth softe,
: hard, and keep
them till they be-
Let take an erthen potte, and putte hem ynne, come soft; then
put them in a pan
And pitche it fast, and cley it wel clofte, well pitched, and
clay it at the top,
796 And delve it under moplde, in with thi crofte and bury it with-
in your garden.
There as the sunne all day uppon it shyne.
And sum in wheete or chaff wol hem reclyne.
115.
And other take hem tough and fast encloos Others lay them
in sand in the
800 Hem in a potte ypitched or with cley sun; others put
them in honey,
Ystopped fast, and in the sonde dispose slicing the pears
and taking out
It in the sonne, and other men wol ley pips.
116.
day and a night Or salt water oon day and nyght hem lene, 1
in salt water, and
keep in bragot, Then fresshe water two daies on hem steep,
wine, or mead.
812 In bragot then or wyne or meeth hem kepe.
117.
118.
119.
take ripe pears, 828 Of peres thus take peres right mature
:
maccrant.
TREATMENT OF APPLE-TREES. 91
120.
121.
Her kyndes forto write I wol not waste. Men must -water
them in clay or
Fatte lande thai love, and moiste in nature. gravel. In hills
it is best if they
In cley, or in gravel men mosten haaste use to set them
on the south.
844 To water hem ofte : in hilles is to cure
To set hem on the Southe if thai shall ure.
Thai growe also in places colde, if the aier
122.
848 Also thai growe in places hardde and wete, In dry, lean soil,
apples become
And wormy wol thai be in drie and lene ; wormy. Not al-
lowing spade or
And hem to graff as peres me may trete. plough, they do
better in
The plough or spade aboute hem be not sene, meadows.
123.
124.
To prevent apples Caduce that the fruyte be, cleef the roote,
if
falling, cleave the
root. To prevent
their rotting,
And putte in hit a stoone, and it wol dwelle.
touch them with 864 For rotyng of the croppe the galle is boote
the gall of a newt.
Worms in apples
To touch hem with of neutes grene, eke quelle
are killed by a
mixture of swines
dung with ox-
Her wormes thus : take swynes dounge, and melle
gatL
It with uryne of man or oxes galle,
868 And meles wormes this wol sleen hem alle.
125.
Or strap them Yf wormes feel uppon hem be withoute
off with a strap
of brass, and
plaister dung,'
A strap e of braas let strape hem of therwith,
upon the wound. And cleme uppon the wounde oxe dounge aboute ;
126.
the heaps.
On hepes save a litel space asonder,
127.
Different pei'sona These heepes must me nowe and nowe devide.
keep them in
different ways. 884 Yit beth ther dyvers folk sayen dyvers wyse.
Stick the stalks
in clay, and lay
them on a floor
And oon in pitched ppttes wol hem hyde,
strewed with
chaff.
And other hath of cley an oth'r
gyse.
Yit hath the thridde of hem a fresshe devyse.
888 Oonly the litel feet 2 to cleme in cley
And on a floor with chaf bystrowed ley.
1 2
crate. pediculos.
CYDER AND VINEGAR. 93
128.
129.
130.
904 Aisel and wyne of meles me may make I have seen plants
of the quince in
As is above enfourmed of the pere. Italy, near the
city, set in Feb-
To graffe a quynce is dyvers tyme ytake. ruary.
131.
Holde have thai so that in the yere secounde They have borne
fruit in the se-
912 Ffruyt have thai hadde yf that me sette hem greet, ?
on ? yea
g
t
pediculos.
94 ON QUINCES.
132.
avails.
That werk or seelde availle, or sone yslayne is.
133.
134.
135.
1 2 3 * 6
misce. continuus. promitto. resina. pice liquida.
METHODS OF PRESERVING THEM. 95
136.
137.
Thaire yonge treen, ther juce is, in the rynde Graft young trees
in the bark, old
Is goode to graffe, and old if that thai be, ones at the root.
There are divers
To graffe atte the roote it is her kynde ways of keeping
them: first be-
956 Ther as the soil as well the bark as tree tween two tiles
138.
960 Do hem betwene, and cley it every side, covered with clay
and laid in defnt-
Or in defrute or passe. Sethe hem feire tum or paswm.
Others wrap
The grettest wol an other out devyde, many pairs of
them in fig-
And in figtrees leves many a peire 3 leaves.
139.
6 '
pumci. sorhi. pan a. perire. ebore. canna. milio.
96 ON MULBERRY-TREES.
140.
Another encloses Oon with his muste hem closeth in the tonne ;
them in a tun
with must. Now
and in November
An oth'r saithe that in a panne all newe
transplant carob- 976 Doo hem with dried cley and thai be wonne.
trees.
Nowe and in Novemb'r is to renewe
1
The Siliqua in planntes and seedes trewe.
Hit loveth places nygh the See syde,
980 And places hardde and drie, eke feeldes wyde.
141.
142.
143.
* 8 talias. * 6 initio.
a roaner tree. pruno. Orig. sesquipedalibna.
MANAGEMENT OF MULBERRY-TREES. 97
144.
145.
146.
1016 Let bore hem thorough the bodie here and there, the stocks, and
put a wedge or
And putte in everie hole a wegge or pynne, pin in every hole.
Pour fresh dregs
A birchen here, a terebynten there. of old wine on
the roots.
And whenne kalende of Octob'r cometh inne,
1020 Make bare his rootes right unto the skynne.
Old wynes dregges fresshe on hem infounde,
And thai wol be the fressher and fecounde.
147.
148.
wet, lean land is and lenyssh, sandy lande is best
"Weet, colde,
1
They ripen about Ffor hem. and thai been ripe atte Jules nonys.
the nones of
July. NOW plant 1032 IS"ow cumels of mvxe it is to kest
kernels of myx
(qy. damsons) in In moulde in sum vessell so feel atte onys
a pot, as many
as may sprout. As wel may spire, and when thaire
spir up goone is,
"Warme
aier, molsh lande, and humour moderate,
1036 Let plannte hem ther, and uppe gothe thair astate.
149.
2
Graft them in He may ont graffe atte Marche in thorn and serve.
March on thorn
or service-tree. Eke tuberes nowe sowe and graffe, and nowe
It is beneficial to
plant and giaft
the masfcck.
The benes hardde of mastic tree wol serve 3
1040 Ysowe. Eke hem to plannte and graffe is prowe.*
The meddeler to graffe eke tolde is ho we.
Now plummes bones and figges are
In tempre land ysette a party rare.
150.
Almonds are sewn 1044 Nowe serve 5 is sette, almonnde in lande is sowe,
early in temper*
ate soil ; later in Eke rathe in tempre lande, late in chill vng. 6
cold. They are
6
fore ISe^buds
"^" en Sran?e nem no we thaire graffes buddes 7 ungrowe ;
De education e porcorum.
151.
The best boars Nowe bores 10 gladly brymmeth. Chese a bore
for breeming are
great -
bodied, 1052 Greet bodied, side, and wyde, eke ratber rounde
ample, -wide,
U d th Then long, eke hipped greet, and wombed hoor,
hi ? and wh5e
bellies, etc. And huge-snouted, shorte, his necke abounde
With fattes 11 feel, his stones greet and sotinde.
1056 And from oon yere until he come atte fyve
He wol do well ynough, and often wyve.
8 3 4 6 6
nonas. sorbo. servrie. utile. sorbus. frigido.
7 s 9 10 ll
germinibus. pistacia. humecto. yerres. glandulis.
ON PIGS. 99
152.
The sowes chese of longest syde, 1
is to The sows should
be large-bellied,
In other thinges take her like a boore pendent,vast the;
black -haired in
1060 So thai be wombed wel, dependannt, syde, 2 cold countries ;
white and all
That likely is for greet and mighty stoore. colours thrive in
warm places.
The hered blake in cold countree, the hoore
And 3
every hewe to have in places warme
1064 Is indistinctly good, and may not harme.
153.
The femal shal til vn yere suffice The sow breeds
from two to seven
To here, and oon yere olde she wol conceyve, years of age.
They litter after
154.
1072 A man may have hem in every lande, They do better
in miry land, es-
But bette in myri feeldes then in dri, pecially where
woods are, some
And moost thaire fructifying wodes stande, of whose fruit
remains. some
Wherof sum fruyte wol targe 5 and sum wol hie.' hastens to fall.
155.
156.
1
Lettheswineherd
see to the number.
Thy swon may se thaire nomb'r and up save
Columella says The oppressed pigge and TIII wol Columelle
;
eight. I say six.
I have seen too 1088 A soowe up bryng. I saie vi is to have
many weaken or
kill the sow.
Ynough, and that is over spende or selle.
Ffele I have seyn 2 thair dammes feynt or quelle.
3
Thi vyne swyne wol delve after vyndage,
De vino myrtite.
157.
To make myrtite Sone in this moone eke myrtite is to make
wine, mix six
sectarii of wine Sex sester old wyne do to mirtes bayes
with five pounds
of myrtle-berries.
Add a basket of
V pounde, and hem togeder alle to shake,
palms and five 1096 And shake hem daily xxn daies;
pounds of honey.
A skeppe of palme thenne after to surtray is.
De vite tiriaca.
158.
Wine, vinegar, or 1100 Yyntariake is also nowe to make.
grape from the
tiriac vine is a What goode dooth it ? His wyne, aysel, or grape,
remedy against
the bite of any Or rynde 4 of his scions yf that me take,
beast. Make a
slit three inches
The bite of every beest me shall escape.
deep in the end
of the scions, and
1104 And such a crafte to make it is noo jape.
pick out the pith.
Three fingers deep the scions must be slitte
In thende, and pike oute alle the pith of it.
159.
Fill it with fine In stede of that fille itwith fyne tiriake ;
tiriac, tie it up
again, and plant 1108 To bynde it faire ayein be diligent
it. Others put
them in a bulb
And God
of squill.
sette it. save alle !
yet oth'r take
Her scions fild with this medicament,
And hem to sette as for this same entent,
1112 Iche of hem doo thay in a bulbe of squyle,
And sette in this maner thay doth not ille.
1 2 3 *
suilous. vidi. vindemiam. cutem.
GRAPES WITHOUT STONES. 101
160.
162.
1128 And diligent thai shave hem every side, The separated
parts are united
And joine ayein the legges so departed, with papyrus,and
planted in a moist
And bynde hem so that thay may not devyde. soil.
163.
And other, in the vynes kitting seson, Others choose the
most fruitful cut-
1136 Wol trie oute high sarmentes fertilest tings, and, with-
out cleaving
And cleve hem not, but use anoth'r reson : them, bind them
unto a reed to
Until a reed for turnyng bounden fest prevent turning,
and put in what
Thai bore oute the pithe, and in is kest the Greeks call
opium Cyrynse-
1140 This opium Quyrynaike: the Greek cum.
3 4
effunditur. 2
uva sine granis. Or scion. radunt. ponantur.
102 REMEDY FOR WEEPING VINES.
164.
Dilute this opium In water first this opium relent
in water till it be
like new wine. Of sape until it have similitude,
The pomegranate
and cherry may 1144 Until the budde oute springe of this sarment
be treated in the
same way. Iche vm
day this thing thai efte include.
The pomgarnad wol not this crafte exclude,
As G-rekes seyen, the same in Chiritree,
1 148 Yf it wol serve, assayed may it be.
De Mirtite confecto.
166.
Take myrtle-ber- 1156 Mirtite a Greek comaundeth thus to make :
167.
Others pluck off Thai plucke of driest place in daies drie,
the berries in dry
places on dry 1164 And trede, or press hem faire. Of that thei doo
days, and tread 3
or press them, VIII cotuls in a steine of wynes trie.
and add eight
cotulas to an am- This wyne alle medycyne is take unto
phora of wine.
Useful as a medi- Ther stiptik stont ejectyng bloode, and wo
cine where styp-
tics stop emis- 1168 Of wombe or of stomak this wol declyne. 4
sion of blood, and
in dysentery.
Dissenterik hath eke this medicyne.
1 2 3
lacerant. trahunt. amphora. sle.
TO IMPART ARTIFICIAL FLAVOURS. 103
168.
2
As lie is made, and when thai gynneth sprynge
1176 Sette hem as other vynes and uppe brynge.
1
resolve. 3 lixivium.
MARTIUS.
I.
2.
The stems on 8 The trunkes sadde in humour that abounde
which you graft
are be solid,
to
hem
not old, nor rent; TTnolde, unrende, ygraffed let be
the grafts solid,
buddy ,and round.
With graffes sadde y-gemmed thicke and rounde.
Cut them to the
Three eyen is ynough for oon to see.
length of two
inches, but do
not lay bare the 12 Two fynger longe let sloute away the tree ;
pith.
But save uppon that other half the rynde.
Men saithe the pith to bare
l
is not thaire kynde.
3.
nudare. 2 oculus. *
openas. vento. sole.
TREATMENT OF VINES. 105
4.
5.
6.
36 An other saithe thaire graffyng nygh the grounde Others say vines
should be grafted
Is best, ther esily thai comprehende j near the ground,
for so they take
And readily, but it
preve eke alle the erafte it wo! confounde ruins all to graft
To them high. Till
graffe in hem that over hie ascende. the equinox they
may set in fur-
40 Til equinox thaire settyng is not spende or
rows, holes,
beds.
In forowe, 3 in delf, 4 in pastyne, 5 as before,
Is in this booke of vynes taught the lore.
De pratis purgandis.
7,
1 2 3 4 5
aperire. aliquis. sulco. scrobe. pastino.
106 PANIC AND MILLET, VETCH AND HEMP.
8.
Sow panic and
millet in dry loose
Panyk and mylde in hoote and drie is sowe
land. They will As nowe. Light, resolute lande thai desire.
grow in gravel
if the earth and 52 Sone thai forsalie a gravell wol thai growe ;
air be moist. Fire
sextarii of seed But moist bothe erthe and ayer thai ther require,
enough for an
acre. Land argillose or drie hem sleth for yre,
1
De cicere serendo.
9.
Both kinds of Her either chiche 2 is
sowen in this moone,
vetch to be sown
this month. It Ther aier is moist, and lande is ronke and stepe
comes up in two ;
2 3 * 6
cleyi. cioer. rara. aracionibus. seminare.
YOUNG VINES. 107
12.
And swathe 1
a tender vyne in bondes softe ; young
Ffor bonde to hardde wol holde it in
i distresse ; ? S'a 5
one
80 A sadder vyne a bigger stake olofte
nr
Mot u
j. T-
holde a
T ^.11
is with a lesse
T-.L ( a lar ? e one for
a strong vine, a
; lighter vyne
Stakyng upholde. And whi ? For hevynesse weak one) to-
13.
88 The Sonne and dewe goothe doune into thaire wounde loosen the earth
from the root.
That wyde, and rotyng it confounde.
is so
92 A lite over the knotte inwith the lande or heat, but only
__ . when it is deep
Hem and wne, and save hem so for drede
kitte and of a good
sort. Otherwise,
Of colde or hoote but deep J that it stande
r yf ;
i advise you to
graft them with
And gentil be, doo this. Or thus I rede generous cut-
tings. In warm
96 You doo : with gentil graffes hem to sede.
Alle this in places hoote first in this moone,
In places colde is after Idus doone. *
ggSto gj
month.
Dig about a sickly
15. vine, and pour
upon the root
And umbydelve a drie or seekle 4 vyne,
3
1 2 versus. s circumfodias. *
liga. egram.
108 TREATMENT OF OLIVES.
16.
Tour oil - dregs
Oly ves nowe that oute of helthes dwelle
upon the root of
olives.
unhealthy
A pply four or six
Oyldregges salt effunde uppon the roote.
congii of it to 108 Ffor grettest treen, as telleth Columelle,
large trees.
YI Congeus or iv of it ymmote. 1
17.
If the oleaster be A morter fast is made aboute the tree,
barren, take two
boughs of a fruit- The rootes hidde, and moste in places drie ;
ful tree from the
south side ; force
them through the
And bareyne yf thyne oliaster be,
tree by two holes ; 116 Take bowes tweyne of treen that fructifie,
cut them off
close, and add But southwarde of the tree theese bowes trie,
chaff and clay.
And streyne hem throwe the tree by bores two,
And kytte hem by do chaved cley therto.
;
18.
If they are too 120 Or dryve inne elm, or ook, or ellea stonys
fat drive a stake
into the root. And plaster hem. To fatte yf that thai be,
Now weed corn
again,if it be the
custom. Make a
A stake anoon into her rootes doone is.
seminary of ber-
ries and seed, and
Nowe comes weded efte is goode to se
rose-beds, early
in the month.
124 Yf it be the use, and frigiditee.
Of seede and baies make the seminary ;
De Carduo.
19.
talpa.
THE TEASLE. 109
20.
21.
Breke of the seedes toppe, and thai wol be If you hreak off
the points of the
Withoute thorn her seede yf me reclyne
;
seed, they will
hear no thorn.
2 the seeds
In baume, or nard, or opi, daies thre, Steep
three in
days
144 Or juce of roose, eith'r in mastycyne, balm, or nard, or
opium, or rose-
Or madefie it so in oil lauryne, water, or oil of
mastic, or laurel,
and sow them
Let drie hem sowe, hem np by oon assent dry ; they will
soon grow, and
Thai wol and have odoure like her unguent. have that odour.
148 And yerely from the codde awey let take Take the plants
every year from
The planntes, lest thaire moder fainted be. the stock, lest it
he weakened. Re-
In other place a borde 3 of hem let make, move them with
a part of the root.
But sumdel of the roote on hem thou see, Among those that
are to supply you
152 And hem that shall of seede purvey the with seed let
there he none
black.
Pulle every blake awaie that thou may finde,
And wrie hem with a shelle other a rynde.
23.
Ffor sonne or rayne the seede is wont to sle. Sun or rain wilt
kill them. Cats
156 Ffor moldewarpes cattes is to kepe, are to be kept
against moles.
To ligge in waite to touche with her cle. Some keep a tame
weasel in their
A wesel tame have sum men ther thai crepe, haunts. Some
make holes, and
Hem forto take. An oth'r sumdel deep they
for
run
fear
away
of the
160 Have caves made, and thay, for ferde of sonne sun let in upon
them.
On hem let inne, anoon away beth ronne.
3 a bedde.
openas. opio.
110 GARLIC, HOLLYHOCKS, ETC.
24.
Some fill their Her uppe with wilde
holes oon wel filleth
holes with red
lead and cucum- Cucumb'r juce, and dothe with alle rubrike.
ber-juice. Others
lay a gren (or 164 A green
1
an oth'r hath for hem y tilde ;
snare) to catch
them. Now is To take hem therwithal is not unlike.
the time to sow
a
garlic, etc.
onyons and ulpike
Garlic, cunel, eke
Nowe sette in places colde, senvey and dyle, 3
168 Eke wortes nowe to sowe is grettest skyle.
25.
Now sow holly- Now holyhocke is sowe and armorace,
hocks, armorace
(or wild radish), Or arhorace that wilde raves 4 are,
origan, leeks,
bete, lettuce, ca- And origon nowe plannte him in his place ;
pers, savory, colo-
casia, cresses, 172 Now lekes, betes, letuce, and capare,
endive, and
radishes.
Savery, colcase, and cresses noo man spare ;
26.
Now sow melon- 176 Nowe melon seede two foote atwene is sette
seed two feet
apart in prepared In places well y wrought or pastynate.
ground, but steep
the peed three But daies thre this seede is goode bewette
days in milk or
mead, and set In mylk or meth, and after desiccate
them when dry.
Keep them in 180 Sette hem; thai wol be swete. Eke adorate
rose-leaves to
make them odor- To make hem, kepe hem long in leves drie
Of roses, hem thai wol adorifie.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
1 2 8 *
tere. confricant. rubos. deuegare.
112 ASPARAGUS.
32.
Asparagus is
Sperage sowe aboute Aprill kalende
is
sown about the
of April in
first
small beds made
In redes smale ymade by lyne in wete
by line a foot and who
a half or three
220 And fatte lande, so that seedes descende
feet deep, dung
it well, weed it,
In half a foote or three therm thai lete,
and cover with
straw, which may
And sprede on it above of dounge a shete,
be taken off in
early spring.
And weede hem wel, or kest upon hem stre
224 Til prime veer ; ther may it take of be.
33.
34.
8
These seeds will 232 This seedes wol connecte until oon roote.
unite in one root,
or spawn. This This calle
3
a sponge. Eke this hath taryinge.
also has a delay
4
of two years with The semynaire in two yere must it roote,
dunging and
weeding. It is
Ynourisshed with dounge and wedynge, ofte
better, therefore,
tobuy than keep 236 Prom hervest equinoxe in his planntynge,
them so long in
the ground.
And eke in veer : but it is lease vice
35.
3 3 * 6 6 summitate.
terre. radicem. clepe. radicare. sulcis.
KITE AND CABBAGES. 113
36.
The eyen 1 of thaire germynacion Pulling will make
them disclose their
With pulling wol disclose after the ferme 2 buds after the
first year and to
;
37.
Nowe rue is sowe in lande that is plesaunt.
5
Sprinkle ashes on
and sow it
rue,
on high ground
Sprynge aske on hem, and contente thai abide ;
where the mois-
And places hie is thaire desire to haunt, ture may run
from it. If the
256 Ther humour may awaywarde from hem seed is hidden in
slide.
the leaves, rub it
Seede yf me sette eke that thaire leves hide out. If the seed
be small,
38.
260 And overwrie hem after with a rake. rake it in. Cab-
bages grown from
The seed will be larger
caules that of seede encluse uppe wynde but slower. A
branch pulled off
"Wol bygger be, but latter thai awake. in spring with a
Their bowes puld with parcel of the rynde piece of the stalk
will be better
than a plant.
264 In veer better then planntes shall thou fynde.
Transplannte alle hoole the plannte, and it is slaye.
39.
And therin, or in stalons
8
forth thei sette They do best in a
loose soil. Stolen
268 Her seede, and best for hem is solute lande. seed is said to
thrive best. They
Thay sayen eke stolon seede is but the bette. shun the touch
of sluts.
In figtreeshadowe gladdest wol it stande.
Ke delve awaye the weede, but pull with hande.
272 Pful ferd it is for touching of unclene
Wymmen ;
and sluttes I suppose it mene.
1 2 3 4 5
oculus. primum. ad firmam. firme. aprico
5 7 8
occiditur. contundunt. bulbes.
114 CORIANDER, GOURDS, ELITE, ETC.
40.
41.
8
Long gourds Ffatte soil thai love ydounged, molsh, humyde.
grow from the
seeds which are In gourdes this is goodly, that the longe
in the neck of the
pod. Gourdes growe of the necke seede, and wyde
284 Gourdes up of the botteme seed beth spronge :
42.
Hang up the seed 288 Gourdes for seede til Wynter honge stille ;
till winter, or
they will rot. Hem then in sonne or smoke it is to drie.
Elite, once rooted,
lasts long words And elles wol thai rote, and that were ille.
(quaere worlds,
ages). Iche erthe ywrought nowe blite wol multiplie.
292 And weede it not hit self wol seedes strie
; ;
43.
44.
De malo Punico.
In Aprille and in Marche in tempur lande Hot soil best for
pomegranates.
For setting pull
Pomgarnattree is sette, in hoote and drie plants from root.
304 In Novemb'r this tree loveth to stande
In chalky, lenysshe lande to multiplie.
To stande in fatte lande wol it not denye.
Good eke for it beth regions hoote.
45.
In dyvers wyse alle though it may be sette, The plants to be
a cubit long of a
To sette is beste abongh a cnbit longe, hand's breadth,
driven in ob-
Clenliche ycutte iche ende an hafte greett, 1 liquely with a
soft hammer.
312 And sette it in the delf so lenyng wronge.
2
46.
316 The bough to sette is best in germynyng, Three stones put
into the root will
To putte eke in the roote of hem in stonys prevent the fruit
from cleaving.
Ys crafte to kepe her fruytes from clevyng. Frequent water-
ing will make
But hem to sette enversed nought to doone is. them sour.
47.
Yit watter hem
yf over drie it be. Laser (benzoin)
with wine
324 In hervest and in veer hem umbidelve. poured on the top
isa remedy
Yf thai be soure, eke stamppe a quantitee against sourness ;
or drive a peg of
Of laseris with wyne, hem two hemselve, fire wood through
the roots, or cast
And helde it in the croppe, or umbidelve sea weeds on
them.
328 The rootes, and dryve ynne a firbronde 5 pynne.
Other so dolven kesteth seefroth 6 ynne.
1
Manubrii crassitudino. 2 3
oblinatur. * 6 6
oblique. assidue. tede. algam.
116 POMEGRANATES.
48.
49.
50.
brass pin, or
swine's dung And doute it not anoon thai wol be dede.
keeps off worms.
Or with a brason pynne of scrape hem alle.
51.
I twill make their Kest lye and aske ofte (up)on the trunke aboute,
grains white if
you mix a fourth 352 And thai wol be right gladde and fructifie.
part of gypsum
with clay and Eke Marcial affermeth oute of doute
chalk. 5
That greynes white in hem this crafte will die :
1 2 * in tenacibus. colorare.
involve. crepent. torquere.
POMEGRANATES. 117
52.
To make hem of a
myrous magnitude, It will make them
of wondrous mag-
Ley doune an erthen potte beside her tree nitude if you en-
close one blossom
360 Oon bough therin with oon floure let enclude, on a bough in a
pot tied to a
But to a stake ybounden must it be stake, to prevent
its getting out,
Pfor lepyng out this potte ycovered se. and covered.
:
53.
"With juce of portulake 1 and tytymalle Anoint the trunks
with purslain or
Evenly myxt, or thenne the budde oute sprynge, thithymallus ere
the buds shoot.
Enointe the trunkes of this trees alle, Graft it upon it-
self, pith to pith,
368 And manyfold of fruyte uppe wol thai brynge,
in March.
54.
372 The fresshest graffe is in the stook to doo Graft them
quickly, pitch the
In hast, lest tarying his humour drie stalks, and sus-
pend them ; or
That nys but smal to kepe hem longe also,
; pluck them whole
and plump them
Let pitche her pedifeet, 4 and honge hem hie. them in sea-
water.
376 Or plucke hool into see water trie
Hem feire, or into oildregges hoote hem deep.
Or this or that in dayes let hem steep.
55.
56.
57.
2
And bury a jar Eke whelve a seriol 1 ther-oute that have
half full of gravel
in the open air; Gravel upp to the myddes, pomes take
take pomegra-
nates with their The tenes 3 with to stande in cannes save,
stalks, and press
them in
canes or elder-
with 396 Or holgh ellerstickes is goode to make
branches. And fyngers mi up from the gravel stake
4
Hem so. Eke good it is to kepe hem longe,
6
That stalkes be not left on hem to longe.
58.
6
Or suspend them 400 Or in a seriol half water fild
in a jar half
filledwith water, So licoure touche hem not let hem suspende,
or keep them in
a tub of barley. And cloos it faste in wynde lest thai be spild.
59.
To make pome- The greynesripe ypurged fresshe and clene
granate wine,
press the ripe 408 Putte in a poche 7 of palme and with the wrynge
grains in a bas-
ket of palm, and Let presse hem, boile hem half awaie bydene.
after boiling, mix
six pints with a
of honey.
Whenne thai beth colde in pitched vessellinge
pound
And cleyed close hem up. But that boilynge
412 Of sum is leeft. Six sexter with a pounde
Of honey meddel thai, and save it sounde.
8
* 3 * 6
seriolam. subdivo. tenacibus. diu. longe.
6 * fiscella.
seriola.
CHANGES. 119
60.
crumbling .
61.
And make a delf with hande an handfull longe> Put three pips in
a trench a palm
And doune the pointe thre greynes therin doo ;
long, and water
If
daily. you
Weete hem daily gone upp thai wol spronge
; ;
plant a bough let
it be a foot deep.
424 Soonest yf luke water be kest therto ;
62.
63.
And diligenter folk in oxen dounge More diligent folk
wrap both ends
436 Encludeth her either extremitee. in dung.
64.
In cold countries The clave ysette axeth noo spaces large
they must be in-
closed in high
walls to thrive. Hoote, ronke, and weete he loveth nygh the see.
Cover them with
straw in winter,
444 Though treen upholde him not, he geveth no charge :
65.
and uncover them Whenne Somer cometh, unclose hem, thai beth sure.
in summer.
Plant them in hot Eke braunche and clave in landes ferventest
soils in autumn,
in July or August Atte hervest forto sette, as doo thi cure.
n cold lands.
452 At Juill and Aust in landes chillingest,
1
66.
The vines of 456 The gourde 4 is goode nygh this orenge ysowe,
gourds burnt
make useful Whoos vynes brent maath askes for hem sete.
ashes for oranges.
And delvynge ofte enyoieth hem to growe,
And to provyde of pomes goode and greet.
460 But here and there the drie awaye surtreet.
Hoot lande Aprill, and cold in May is kynde
67.
68.
There humour is, eke erthe and aier wel warme, Where there is
moisture and a
That finite to fruite fro gree to gree succedeth, warm there
air,
is a continual
472 That children yonge her eldron after succession from
harme, one degree to
The grene after the riper fruyte proceedeth. another, flower
pursuing fruit,
The floures sewe as fruites grene hem ledeth. as children harm
after parents.
Thus maketh thai of thaire fertilitee
476 In helping nature a feire eternytee.
69.
Thai sayen
* thaire bitter margh l wol channge sweete The bitter pulp
, f
is made sweet by
Her seede in meth inme steep,
2
daies yf steeping in mead
or ewe's milk.
Other in ewes mylk 8 as longe hem wete. Some bore the
trunk.
480 In ffeveryere sum men eke bore hem deep ;
70.
484 Nigh alle the yere men keep it on the tree. To keep, they
should be ga-
Thai keep it bette in cloos vessel ydoone. thered at night,
with leafy
With levy bowes puld eke let hem be boughs, when the
moon is hid by
By nyght, and under cloude yhed the moone, clouds.
71.
Hem sum in cedur scobe, and sum in stre Some keep them
in cedar-shavings,
492 Hynute, and sum in smal chaf wol witholde. or straw, or
chaff. Medlars
Nowe meddellers 4 in hoote lande gladdest be, grow in clay,
mixed with
So it be moist thai come also in cold
;
stones or sandy
gravel.
Lande sondy fatnesse rathest yf it holde,
496 With stones myxt it stont in argillous
Lande, and with gravel! myxt in glareous.
1 2
medulla mulso. oyillo lacti. mespilus.
122 MEDLAKS.
72.
Medlars increase
In Novemb'r and Marche her brannches l sette
slowly. They love
cutting and fre- In dounged lande subact, her eith'r ende
quent watering.
500 In dounge ydoone. Thaire increment to fette
73.
A brass pin will
A pynne of brasse the wormes of dryve,
drive off worms.
Too much quick-
lime would make
Or oildregges, or mannes olde uryne,
them unfruitful.
Or quyk lime, lite of that, lest it unthryve.
508 Or kest on water of decoct lupyne.
For bareynnesse yet men from that declyne.
Mynge askes of vyne and dounge, and hem infounde
Into the roote, and thai wol be fecounde.
74.
Vinegar and ashes 512 Aisel and askes tempred with rubrike
mixed with red
ochre kill ants.
If the fruit fall
Ykest on hem sleeth doune this Anntes alle.
75.
76.
77.
The fige to plannte in hoote lande best is holde The fig -tree, if
grown from a cut-
In Novemb'r and there is tempre lande
; ting or a wand
(stake), to be
In Feberyere and there as lande is colde
; planted at the
end of April \vhen
536 In Marche, or in Aprill it doo to stande. it is green.
78.
79.
colligere.
124 FIG-TREES.
80.
Plants sparingly
knotted lack fer-
But hem I sette in wel pastyned lande,
tility. And thai tributed with felicitee.
556 The knotty plannte is best for thai that stande ;
81.
Some place the
-plant in
fig-plant i a bulb
A bulbe of sqylle eke summen wol devyde,
of ssquill.
And ther into this plannte of fig-tree trie,
And bynde it so therto that it abyde.
564 Thai love spaces large and delves hie,
And landes that beth hardde, and smal and drie.
To savoure wel in sharpe and stony lande,
And almoost every where eke may thai stande.
82.
Those that grow 568 Thoo that in hilles growe or places colde
in cold places,
having little sap, Have litel mylk ;
for thi thai may not dure
do not last until
the hot -weather, Til it be hoote ;
and best her use to holde
and it is best to
use them when As and greet, of savor pure
thai beth grene
they are green
and of sharp 572 Argute ynough but fatter Sge and sure
;
taste.
To kepe in hoot lande and in feld is spronge.
Thaire kyndes to reherce it is to longe.
83.
All the kinds of Sufficeth this, that all have oon culture.
figs are culti-
vated in the same 576 And as the carike hath, yeve hem distannce.
manner. One
kind is called In places passyng colde it is moost sure
carica. Another
is prcecoqua, Precox to plannte, her fruyte thai soone enhance
which does best
in cold places. In Er shoures come ;
eke it wol moost avannce
very hot lands
the late fig is 580 In landes that beth estyvous for heete
best.
The figtree latly riping forto gete.
TREATMENT OF FIG-TREES. 125
84.
Hit joyeth dolven ofte, and it to dounge Dung from the
aviary is best for
In hervest is availle dounge of the mewe 1
;
them. Cut off
decayed and ill-
584 Is best for hem. The roted and mys spronge grown branches,
so that the tree
Let kitte hem of, and so that thai may sewe may spread late-
rally. Cast ashes
A broode by grounde. Her taste is eke eschewe on the roots when
cut round, to cure
the flavour.
In places weet, and hem therof to boote
588 Kest askes on thaire circumcised roote.
85.
86.
T1
Let honge upp that
..
;
.,
or this
.
:
.
take
, .
rammes nornys,
a branch
southern -wood
of
;
or put ram's
Kest hem aboute her rootes, thai beth goode, horns or callum
on the roots or ;
87.
1 4
aviario. pertusos. scrobe.
126 OTHER METHODS OF TREATING FIG-TREES.
placed in
their or
nests,
rod ochre with
With quyk lym wol her dennes have for doo,
pitch and butter 612 Yf anntes unto thayme ennoyes be,
on the trunk, or
Coracine pitch Rubrike with pitche and butter must be doo
hung on the tree,
are considered
remedies against The trunke aboute, and utter wol thai goo.
ants.
Pitche coratyne upp hanged in the tree
616 Ffor anntes, saithe an other, wol see.
89.
If the fig-tree
cast its fruit, oil-
Yf figtree cast his fruite, oildregges oon,
dregs, or red Eoibrike an other
ochre, or river- watermyxt wol doo
crabs, or rue, or
sea-weed, or a Upon the tree, the thridde is forth ygoon,
scythe used for 620 The floode-crabbe and a braunche of rue also
lupines, are ac-
counted reme-
Upp hongeth he. Seefroth the firthe is goo
To honge upp, and the vth he saithe a sithe
Made for lupyne is upp to honge aswithe.
90.
Or bore the roots,
and stick a wedge
624 An other saieth the rootes shal be bored,
in every bore, or
score the rind
A wegge in every boore eke shal be steke
with an axe.
When the leaves The rynde an other hath with axes scored.
begin lop off the But when the leves gynneth oute to breke,
tops.
628 Of figes fatte and fele it is to speek.
91.
Or that which Or choppe of that amydwarde in the tree.
grows from the
middle. To make
them
632 And premature yf that the list elonge,
continue
long ripe, cut off Thaire grosses, whenue as greet as benes be,
the grapes when
as large as beans.
To ripen them,
So take hem of. Eke yf the thinke hem longe :
1 2 3
bitumen. tertius. din.
TO PRESERVE FIGS. 127
92.
And in Aprill a figtree graffed is Graft figs in
April under the
Under the rynde, and if the tree be yonge. 1
bark, or, if
young, in the
640 The cloven stok to graffe is not amys, cleft stock, and
cover them close
And wrie hem fest, ther into yonge. 2 (lest wind) get
in. They take
Eke next the grounde ykitte wol sonnest fonge. best near the
ground.
Men graffe in Juyn, oon yere olde graffe is take
644 And more or lesse, as nought is to forsake.
94.
652 Eke figges grene in hony may me keep Keep green figs
in honey, or in
So thai ne touche, Outher in gourdes grene a green gourd.
Hang them
Make everie fige a dover into creep, where no fire or
smoke is. Put
And that was cut of close it after clene, them in a fresh
pot and make it
656 And honge hem ther no fir ne smoke is sene. swim in wine.
95.
And Marcial saith men in dyvers wyse One method of
keeping is suffi-
660 Her figges keep, and oon for everichoone, cient, as in Cam-
pania :
spread
As campaine hem kepeth, shall suffice. them on broad,
dry crates, and
On fleykes brede and drie hem is to doone lay them whilst
soft in baskets in
And yet al softe in baskettes repone. an oven, upon
three stones to
664 And in an oven hoote upon in stony s prevent burning.
novella. 2 3 4
introeat. propagat. oculo.
128 GRAFTING DIVERS FRUIT TREES.
96.
When baked, "WTienne thai beth bake, alle hoote into a stene
place them hot
in a jar pitched
and covered,
Lette hem be pressed pitched and ywrie,
their leaves being
laid between
668 Thaire leves doon the potte and hem betwene.
them and the For rayne in sonne yf thou ne maist hem drie
pot. In rain dry
them in the
house on hot
Hoote askes may this fleykes under strie
In house in stede of sonne, and dried so
672 In chistes smale or coffyns hem doo.
97.
them together.
Comyxt upp goo thus sette hem forto spryng
:
98.
Thus united they 680 Thay uned thus fruite of dyvers coloure
bear fruit of dif-
ferent colours in TJpbryng in this dyvysed unytee.
divided unity.
Now graft pears, This peres graffe and pomes sweet or soure,
apples, service
trees, quince, As serve or quyns, plumme and mulbyry tree.
etc. ; also pistacia
and pine-apples. 684 The ixth Calende of Aprille doon this be.
99.
100.
Take oxen yonge, ylymmed greet and square, Great limbs, firm
chest, rising
Ychested sadde, in brawnes rysing greet, muscles, curly
forehead, large
676 Whoos fronnte and glaade, large eres are,
is crispe
ears, black as jet,
straight horns,
Thaire lippes and thair een blacke as geet, brawny " neck,
ample dewlap,
With homes stronge and streght is goode to gete, wide nostrils.
101.
Yshuldred wyde Wide shoulders,
goode, an huge brest,
is
large breast and
No litel
wombe, and wel oute raught the side, stomach,
stretched
sides
out,
The leendes broode, playne bak and streght, thighs firm and
sinewy, not too
684 The and senowy, not to syde,
thies sadde wide, hoofs
large, tail long,
the whole body
With greet cleen, and tailes longe and wide, covered with
short hair, red or
The body thourgh yheered, thicke and breef. brown.
The rede coloure is best, and broune is leef.
102.
688 Bette is to take of contree then of straunge, Better to take
them from the
Ther as with soil or aires qualitee neighbourhood,
that they may not
Thai be not tempted as want a change :
to fynde a chaunge. at least, let
or,
Or thus : take hem that of lyke countree be. all
same
be from the
country,
692 And of alle other this is forto see, and of equal
strength.
That even strengthed thou togedir dresse,
The feebeller lest that the stronge oppresse.
103.
Thaire thewes is to see that thai be
meek, See that their
tempers be meek,
696 Quyk, and aferdde of clamoure and of gode, 1
afraid of noise
and the goad, and
And ever appetent metes to seek. always ready to
eat.
The fodder grene is best as for thaire foode.
1
stimulo.
130 ON BULLS AND COWS. [BOOK IV.
104.
Bulls to be tall,
large limbed, not
Take bulles that beth high, ylymmed huge,
too old, with stern
Of myddel age, and rather yonge then olde,
face, brawny
neck.small horns,
stomach narrow 704 A ferdfull face, his neck in many a ruge 1
(qy. streyt).
Choose cows high Yfretted greet, and litel homes wolde
chested,
He have, ywombed strerte is likely holde.
105.
high-headed,
with large stom-
For heded hie and wombed longe and wyde
achs, fair, black Black horned feire, and een greet and blake
horns, hairy ears,
wide dewlaps,
great tails, little
"Wei hered eres, and dewlappes syde,
hoofs, black,
short thighs. Let 712 "With tailles greet, and litel cleen thou take
them calve from
three till ten Blake hered theyes short, I undertake
years, not earlier.
That goode are thai calvyng 2 from ni yere olde
Til x is best, and other with noo holde.
106.
Carefully remove 716 Thyne olde away to doo be diligent,
the old. Greek
notions on the To werk or what thou wilt, and take in yonge.
subject.
The Greekes sayen that the lift 3 instrument,
The lift stoone of this bulles bestes stronge,
720 Knytte him fast in his puree and let him honge
In coitu, and he shall gender males,
And his right stoones up knytte genderes females.
107.
In winter keep But in this caas thai mosten been abstened
the herds near
the sea ;
in sum- 724 Prom generacions libertee
mer where there
are bushes and Til thai therto be verray hoote for tened.
herbs.
And havethi drove in wynter nygh the see
1
tons. 2
MS. calvyny. sinistrura.
BOOK IV.] ON BREAKING OXEX. 131
108.
Rain - water in
Though thai be better fedde aboute floode, pools is best for
Yet luke water best helpeth thaire feture. 1 them for it is
;
warmer than
river-water. The
732 Eayne water luke in lakes that is goode herds may be out
in the cold all
For hem floode water colde is in nature.
:
the winter, but
not cows in calf.
This droves may the Winter cold endure
*
Theroute all Winter thourgh, yf it be nede.
736 But for thi kyen incalf it is to drede.
109.
Lest thai have wronge, let make hem closes wyde, Let them have
wide enclosures,
Thaire stalles eke beth of utilitee paved or gravel-
led, or floored
With stones paved well from syde to syde, with clay, sloping
to let off the
740 Or gravelled, eke flored may thay be moisture. Let
them stand south-
With cley, and lenyng sumdel so that the ward, with some-
thing to with-
stand cold blasts.
Humour may passe. Eke southwarde stande it, colde
Blastes sumthyng object eke from hem holde.
110.
744 Exon may nowe be tamed three yeer olde ;
Oxen to be tamed
at three years
That atte v yeres age is harde to doo. by holding their
heads and strok-
Thaire tamyng is by the heed hem to holde ing them with
the hand. Leave
While thai beth yonge, and stroke hem to and to room before their
stalls that when
748 With hande, and make afore her stalles so they go out no-
thing may
frighten them.
Enlarged rowme outewarde when thai beth wende,
That noothing hem afere, or ought oflende.
111.
And footes vn longe thaire stakes stonde Let there be
stakes seven feet
752 To teye hem to but fully hem to tame
: long to tie them
to. On a fine
Chese out the feirest day that may be fonde day bring them
one by one to the
There noo tempest or thing is worthi blame. yoke. If they
rebel keep them
Now bringe hem oon and oon to yoke by name, fasting in the
yoke a day and a
756 And yf thai be rebel, so let him stonde night.
calvyng.
132 ON HORSES AND MARES. [Boon IV,
112.
Caress them, and
them
Now glose hem feire, and bryng hem not behiade,
approach
in front,stroke
them on the nose
But right sum likyng,
afore of metes
and back, sprink- 760 And hem nose and bake, eke then is kynde
strook
ling wine upon
them. If they
Cleer wyne on hem alle esily to sprynge.
1
begin to kick or
butt, the habit re- But warre the home and heles lest thai flynge
mains with them.
A slappe to the. Atte this if thai begynne
764 And take effecte therfro thai wol not twynne.
113.
When tamed rub Thus tamed, her palate and mouthes frote
their mouths
with salt, and 2
"With saltes, and salt grees
pounde peces take,
put three pieces
of salted fat, each
a pound weight,
And three of hem putte in thyne exon throte.
in their throat.
768 A sexter wyne inwith an home let shake
A pint of wine
given with a
In daies three thaire raginge wol aslake.
horn tames them
three
in
Others work
days. And other tempte hem frist on werkes smale,
them gently at
firston land al- In ereed lande the plough as forto hale.
ready ploughed.
114.
A shorter way is
to yoke the wild
772 A shorter waie the wilde oxe with the tame
ox to a tame one, hem howe to doo.
and if he lie down Yyoked be, to teche
in the furrow,
only bind his feet.
And in the forgh downe yf he sitte as lame,
Noofier, noo strook,
noo prikyng come him too ;
776 But bynde his feete that he neither stonde nor goo.
This doon, he wol for hungre and for drie
Go from this vice, and use it not past twye.
115.
Fed stallions now Peed stalons fatte goth nowe to gentil marys,
visit mares, and
116.
Teve others like her strengthes qualitee. The four things
to be regarded
But thinges iv in hem is to be holde, in a horse : first
form.
788 Fourme, and coloure, merite, and beautee.
First fourme hem thus greet rowme his body holde,
:
117.
Ybrested broode, and alle the bodie lifte .
Next beauty: a
email dry head,
In brawnes greet and knotty densitee, and the skin close
to the bones,
"With holgh home, high yshood, sadde foote and swifte ;
118.
800 Thaire eres shorte and sharppe, thaire een steep, short ears, deep
eyes, %ide nos-
Thaire noses thorled wyde and patent be, large mane
trils,
and tail, hoofs
Thaire tail and mayne enlarged, wide and deep, firm and round.
Next colour, bay,
Thaire hoof alle sadde fixe in rotunditee. chestnut, Hard,
or roan, and light
804 Colours nowe to knowe attendeth ye : brown are good- ;
119.
The walnyed is goode, also the blake also walnied,
black, the colour
808 Is fyne coloure, the falowe, and hert hued, of the fallow-deer
and hart, dapple-
The pomly gray for him I undertake, grey, grey,
golden - haired
The gray, the goldenhered and the skued. 1 and skew-bald.
Next in merit,
And next hem in merite is dyvers hued
black and bay
mixed with vari-
812 Blacke, bay, and permyxt gray, mousdon also,
ous colours,
mouse-dun, etc.,
The fomy, spotty hue, and many moo. etc.
guttatus.
134 STALLIONS AND BROOD-MARES. [BOOK IV.
120.
121.
Take care that Alle other mares may be with thaire malys
stallionsbe kept
apart, lest
they Alle yere atte large ;
and this is thaire nature :
122.
123.
Keep brood- Fro colde and hungre holde hem that beth greet
mares from cold
fole, and yeve hem place atte thaire pleasaunc<
and hunger, and 836 In
give them ample
space. Let well- And gentil females that males gete
bred mares with
male colts rest Iche other yere be kept fro fecund aunce
" ;
every other year.
Others require
[ ]
no care.
124.
The colts of a
A stalon may begynne atte yeres y, mare more than
ten years old of
And his females at yeres n conceyveth. little value.
Foals not to be
8 44 But after yeres x thaire coltes blyve handled.
hem to handel
Hit hurteth or to holde.
125.
Foals to be
In foles, as thai are adolescentes, chosen by the
same marks as
Yf thai be goode, asmoche is forto see their sires; they
may be broken
As is aforne wel saide of thaire parentes, in at two years.
852 Quyk, swifte, and steryng with hillaritee.
Now foles two yereolde may tamed be :
126.
127.
Er yeres six oute gothe the gomes stronge, Ere the sixth
year the grinders
1 At six
864 The caused first at yeres vi are even. fall out.
those first
Thaire browes hoore, her tempils holgh uneven, marks are lost.
equantur.
136 MULES AND ASSES. [BOOK IV.
128.
For mules choose This mules forto make who so delite,
a mare strong-
boned, of great
bulk and noble
A mare yboned sadde,
ybulked greet,
form, three years 872 Yformed nobully most been elite ;
old.
129.
His wife (the ass) The mare yf the asse eschewe, on his female
is to be haled
out, the mare is As tempte him first and when he gynneth ride,
;
to be haled in.
130.
The best bred
mules are from
884 A mule eke of an hors and of an asse
the mare and the
ass. The produce
Is hadde, and of a wilde asse and a mare,
of the wild ass
and the mare But gentiler in kynde never nasse
sure to be strong
and swift.
Then of the mare and asse yformed are.
888 Of asses wilde and mares better nare,
Ther noo stalons of whome the geniture
For to be stronge and swyft me may assure.
131.
A stallion ass to
A stalon asse ybolked, brawny, sadde,
be bulky,
brawny,
large-limbed,
firm, 892 And large ylymmed, strong, and steyth, alle blank
strong and
steady ; black,
Or mou(s)hered or reede is to been hadde.
mouse -coloured,
or red. If the But chois yf that ther be, moushered taak.
brows and ears
are spotted, the And discolour in browes hath a laak
offspring will be
variegated. 896 And eres eke, but what that thaire of [s]prynge
Of variannt colour forth thai brynge.
BOOK IV.] INFIRMITIES AND CURE OF BEES. 137
132.
Three yeres age is leest and x is meste, From three to
ten years is the
And from her damme a she asse oon yere olde age. Place the
she-ass of one
900 Doo putte in share pastures that the beeste year in rough (?)
to learn
In tender age on labour gynne holde ibour; keep the
Eastures
; male in the fields,
to work and be
The male aselle in feeldes forto holde idle in turns.
135.
And clorded 6 yf thaire backes be, silent, If they be con-
tracted, silent,
920 And slough, a thing horrible to beholde, and slow, carry-
ing out dead
And corses dede oute beryng diligent, bodies, make
channels and put
make of Cannes 8 olde
Chaneles 7 is to in honey and
powdered gall, or
That iche of hem a quantitee may holde. powdered rose.
1 2 3 4
rore. Siriaco. rosem marimim. mulsa.
5 6 7
ymbricibus. contracto. canales. cannis.
138 CARE OF BEES. [BOOK IV.
136.
Cut away rotten Moost spedy is the roten combes kerve
and empty combs
with the sharpest
knife of all the Awaye, and yf the swarme is but of fewe,
928 Thaire empty combes of the same serve.
137.
Abundance often Ek ofte ennoieth hem felicitee,
injures them; for
they think of no- As floures over fele of whom thai trie
thing but work-
ing till they die. So faste hony that on fecundite
Therefore if the
combs drip with 936 Thai thinketh not, nor horde to multipli,
excess of honey,
keep them three But dothe hemself travaille until thai die.
days at home.
1
Forthi yf combes ronke of hony weep,
Three dayes stopped up atte home hem keep.
138.
139.
8 tineas. 3 * 5
drepe. araneas. vermiculos. papiliones.
BOOK IV.] THE HOURS IN MARCH. 139
140.
With October Marche houres feet beth even Length of the
several hours in
The first hath xxv. feet, xv March.
Deo Gracias.
I.
2.
A cyathus enough
for a bed five
16 A cruse is for a bedde ynough to take
feet broad
ten long.
and
Cover
Of footes v in brede, & double longe,
quickly with a And wrie hem quycly with a treen rake,
wooden rake.
Use no iron.
hem wronge.
Lest that the sonne up brenne, or do
20 Prom thennes doo noon yren hem amonge,
But oonly tree, and goode is weede hem ofte,
Lest weedes ille oppresse hem yonge and softe.
1
inde hinc. 2
tune.
BOOK V.] OLIVES. 141
3.
First repe it late, that sedes sumdel shake, Do not cut it the
first time till it
24 And after repe it as the thinkest goode, sheds its seed.
Let it be given to
And fodder for the beestes therof make, beasts sparingly
at first, for it
swells them and
First scant 1 ;
it swelleth and encreaseth bloode ;
makes blood. Cut
it six times a
And watter wele the londe ther as it stoode.
year.
28 Sixe sithe ay ere repe it ;
as ofte it weede :
5.
This wilde olyve ytaken, graffe hem lowe, Graft it low, and
as it rises let the
And as the graff
upp springing gynneth renne, mould rise about
the grafting
The molde aboute his stock and him up growe place. Then the
joint is so deep
40 Wei upp over the grafyng stede ;
and thenne that it cannot
bum.
Though fire be sette on it it shal not brenne,
6.
2 oleastro. 3 radicis. 4
parce. radicare.
142 ACHE, OR PARSLEY. [Boon V.
7.
Before April the Er thenne moones Ide in places cold
this
13th vines are to
be dug in cold 52 Beth vynes dolve, and hem that Marche hath lefte
places, and those
which were not
set in March Unsette, lette sette hem nowe. !N"owe weeded wold
should be set Thi semynaires be, and dolven efte.
now. Panic and
millet are plan ted
Panyke and mylde in comyn drie is lefte.
1
in places mode-
rately dry. 56 To so we and eree 2 upp feeldes fatte and weet,
And weedes tender yette oute of hem geet.
Now sow cabbage Last in this moone as veer is nygh atte ende,
to serve for cole-
wort. Parsley Brasike that wortes serveth is to sowe,
will grow now
autumn. 60 For tyme past a croppe on
till is it to ascende.
Eke Ache in every manner lande is throwe
So it be weet. In drie eke wol it growe
Yf nede be, and nygh in all the moonys
64 Fro pryme veer til hervest last, this doon is.
9.
Three of
sorts As of this Aches there be kyndees thre e :
parsley :hippose-
linon, helioseli-
The soure and stordy yposelinon,
non, and peilose-
linon.
This is the first ;
the softe yfoiled be
68 Seconde, yclept Elioselinon,
In lakes spronge and Petroselinon ;
10.
acceptum. plowe.
BOOK V.I AVAGE, OR ORAGE, ETC. 143
11.
12,
13.
14.
2 sisimbrium. 3 intibe.
atriplex.
144 THE JUJUBE TREE. [Boon V.
ThTee stone^fn
108 Atte Ma7 T n in londe that
dth f
bS Ther gladde and warme is loveth he to stande.
your
To sette or stook or plannte or boon is holde
Right goode ;
softe erthe in Marche the planntes wolde
112 Stonde ynne : thre bones in thyne hondes brede
Inverse into the delf is doune to lede.
16.
Place ashes and Doo aske and dounge on hem above and under,
under, when And breek away the weedes with thyne hande.
the size of your
thumb, plant 116 And thombe greet in pastyn hem asonder
them out. The
land not be too Or (in) to delf : thai axe not to fatte lande,
fat. Heap stones
round the stock g that fatte and not by lene it stande.
in winter, and re- by
move in summer. j n Wynter to his codde 1 an heep of stonys
120 Is goode, that in the Somer utter doone is.
17.
2
nub the tree Yf this tree loure, an horscombe wol him chere.
with a curry-
comb. old wine Qr lite and ofte embaume his roote oxe donge.
sprinkled on
them when newly i n places drie her fruites ripe alle yere
pulled will not
Uit
124 Is
Nowe ruge 3 on hem puldde newe olde wyne yspronge
Wol suffre be eke honged with thaire bough,
:
18.
For reasons 128 This moone rather lerned reason,
also, by
taught before,
pomegranates
and peaches are
To sette and eraffe in places temperate
to be grafted and peches have thaire season.
now ; also the
Pomgarnat is,
citron.
^te May Kalendes hem to enoculate
4
19.
In colde lande no we the 1 Plant and graft
figtree plant is sette, the fig, and the
*136 And graffed in the stock or in the rynde, palm, called also
cephalon.andthe
2
disciplyne of hem beforne is sette.
As service-tree.
But yeve hem meete ynough that were with childe, with milk.
e
That thai to my Ik and laboure may suffice. mark7ate mbs.
152 And yeve thaire children tested grounden mylde
6
1 2 3 sorbi. 4
plantatur. posito. servire.
6 sub diyo. 6 '
milio. calido.
10
146 VARIOUS PLANS OF FINDING BEES. [BOOK V.
23.
Mark the bees' Take rubrik poured 1
in sum litel shelle,
backs with rud-
dle, and see how 164 And therwithall the bak of every bee
long they are re-
turning. A pensel louche as thai drynk atte the welle,
24.
2
Put honey or Kitte out ayointe of reede, and in the side
wine into a hole
cut in a joint of
a reed, and when
Therof let make an hoole, and therin doo
many are gone 172 or sweete
3
wyne sumdel beside 4
in close it. Sony
The welle or water that the been goth too.
25.
Let out first one, And folowe fast, for thiderwarde thai dwelle.
and then another,
and follow them. Streght wol she flee ;
and when thou may not see
No
lenger hir, an other forth to telle
180 Let goo ; for thiderwarde eke wol she flee.
26.
Or, place some- 184 That alle the day unto thi sewe suffice ;
thing sweetened
with honey near For, towarde nyght in restyng thai assure.
the well, and
those who have Or thus
tasted it will have
: a thing with hony thou devyse
a care to bring To sette
others.
by the welle of thaire pasture.
as
2 latus. 3
defrutum.
rudul. juxta.
BOOK V.] OF BEES CONTINUED. 147
27.
If they are in a
Now see the cours howe thai goo to and froo, cave smoke them
out, and make a
192 And fire hem home yf thai be in a cave, noise with brass.
If they are in a
Besmooke hem, oute of it anoon thai goo. tree saw out the
n
Thenne make a sowne on brasse, and thou shalt have
Hem lightyng on sum boshe or tree no we ;
shave
196 Hem into an hyve. Yf thai be in a tree
Thaire hous over and under sawed be.
28.
29.
Now purge her hy ves flee the butterflie
;
Clean the hives,
and place a light
That in the malves flouring wol abounde ;
at evening in a
high narrow
A brason vessel streit with brynkes hie vessel, to destroy
butterflies.
208 A light atte nyght make standyng in the grounde ;
30.
212 Abrel with September in houres oon is The hours of the
day in April.
Ooon twyes 1 xii, and tweyne hath twyes 2 VH.
Thre twyes v and foure hath seven ons.
;
1
xxiv.
148 END OF THE FIFTH BOOK. [Boon V.
Deo Gracias.
epilogue. ^
Atte May in places that beth colde and wete, Sow panic and
millet.
2.
grandecere.
150 VINES AND FALLOWS. [Boon VI.
4.
Pull off the vine- This moone
leaves whilst
is eke for pampinacion
they may be Convenient voide leves puld to be.
tweaked from the ;
tree without
24 But sette
upon this occupacion
difficulty.
5.
6.
Make a furrow
and fill it to the
36 A forgh (ni ?) footes deep thi landes thorgh
middle with
pebbles. Make With gravel, or with litel pibble stonys,
the earth over it
level without any
Unto the mydwarde fild ayeme this forgh ;
Take heed
slope.
that the heads of
And even the erthe above ascaunce her noon is.
the trenches fall
headlong into a
40 And thus doo efte as ofte as goode to doon is.
great ditch.
But hede it that the hedes of hem alle
7.
If there be The humour shall passe, and thus thi lande be saved.
scarcity of stones
dig in cuttings, 44 And stones yf the lacketh, this is boote ;
or straw, or lap.
If be graved.
many stones, Sarment, or stree, or lappe in it
they will do for
fencing. Yf thaire be treen, up storke hem by the roote,
Here oon, there oon to leve a fer remote
481 holde is goode. Yf it be full of stonys,
Tor closure of the feld better stuff noon is.
BOOK VI.] WEEDS, HARROWING, GARDEN-SEEDS, ETC. 151
8.
10.
Dig seed-beds,
64 The semynair is dolven in this moone, cut olive-trees,
and clear away
Alle besily : in places over colde moss.
12.
By hervest tyme ;
and then his magnitude
84 By breking of this potte me may disclude.
13.
Graft peaches,
till citrons, set In landes hoote the pechys in this moone
zuzubes, figs,
and palms. Emplastred are, and nowe in landes colde,
2
The citur tree to tille is goode to doone
14.
15.
vine-ashes and
litharge. And faire of with a knyf thai cutte her thinges,
But sumdel on the strynges hede thai leve, 4
5
Tais stauncheth bloode, and alle wol not bereve
104 Her stordy myght : her woundes let entyne
With aske of vyne, and with spume argentine.
florera. 2 3 4
citrum. licencia. demittunt. Pthis.
BOOK VI.] TREATMENT OF CALVES AND SHORN SHEEP. 153
16.
17.
Castracion in better is founde A better mode of
wyse later date.
In daies late : as first a beest to bynde,
18.
120 This yren maade, thi rule of tree ley to Smite off quickly
with the hot iron
This thinges straite, and with the brennyng yre 2 to stanch the
blood.
So smyte hem of quykly that it be doo,
3
So wol the woo be shortte, of litel yre,
124 Eke skyline and stringes seryng so to enfire
De tonsuris ovium.
19.
Nowe
sheepe bethe shorne in places temperate. Anoint shorn
sheep with juice
128 Por sheep ishorne make uncture of lupyne, of lupine, mixed
with equal quan-
The juce of it decoct first ther ate tities of oil dregs
and old wine.
With dregges both of oiles and aged wynys, Wash them in
the sea,
Of iche yliche a thing for sheep this fyne is.
:
20.
scald, and woolly 1 36 Oute wesshe of it, but doo this longe er even :
De casio facwndo.
21.
1
crop '
144 Or that pellet 3 that closeth,
4
every half,
The chicke or pyjon crawe, hool either half.
"With figtree mylk, fresshe mylk also wol tnrne.
Thenne wrynge it, presse it under poundes scorne.
22.
Se^onTrate?
148 And SUmdel sadde UP do ^ in a Colde
but apart. pi ace> O uther derk, and after under presse
23.
b P
a*ciose piLe out -But ther the place is cloos is hem to enclude,
cheese should 156 And holde oute wynde although he rowne or crie,
r r
fun of hoies So wol thaire fattenesse and teneritude
much sun, or salt*, "With hem be stille ;
and yf a chees is drie,
or too little pres-
sure- Hit is a vyce, and so is many an eye
1
caseum. 2 3 4
elige. pelliculam. undique.
BOOK VI.] SWARMING OF BEES, PAVEMENT OF SUMMER-HOUSES. 155
24.
An other in fresshe my Ik to make of chese Others press
pine-nuts, or add
Pynuttes grene ystamped wol he doo ;
the juice of
bruised thyme.
164 An other wol have tyme a man to brese Flavour with a
condiment of
And clensed often juce of it doo to pepper or any
pigment.
To tourne it with ;
to savor so or soo ;
27.
Thenne with a barre inbete batte it ofte, Beat it in with
it, a bar, but before
184 And playne it rough, but are it fully drie,
it is dry bring
channeled bricks
to cover all the
Brik bipedal chaneled bryng on lofte, floor.
28.
This cement, This scyment, bryk, stoon, cley togeder drie,
brick, stones and
clay, dry into one
substance. Pour
And knytte into oon til noon humoure be therm,
on it a testaceous 192 Nowe yote on that scyment clept testacye
cement, and it is
no harm to flap Sex fynger thicke, and yerdes is noo synne
(or slap?) it with
rods. To all to flappe it with ;
now brode and thynne
Tilette 1 or tabulette 2 of marble stoon,
196 Empresse, and never shal this werk agoon.
De lateribm faciendis.
29.
Brick made in
the heat dries
Now brik is maade of white erthe, or rubrike,
too soon, and is Or cley, for that is made in somer heete
likely to crack.
When formed let To sone is drie, an forto chyne is like.
the sun sweat out
the moisture. 200 Thus make hem sifted erthe and chaf to
: trete
And tempre longe, and fourmed sonne oute swete
The humour, tourne hem two ;
feet [longe] every brik
Be, and oon foote brode mi ynches thicke.
30.
Put five pounds 204 In sestres sex of olde wyne purged rose
of rose into six
sextarii of wine. Three daies first v pounde is to doo,
The xxxth day x pounde -hony dispose
In it wel scommed first, and use it soo.
208 Take x pounde oil, x lilies therto
Be doo, and XL dayes sette it ther oute 3
In glasse, 4 and made it is noo longer doute.
31.
Huiie de rose is i n every of an unce of rose
* pounde
* oil
made of a pound
of on to an ounce 212 Ypurged
r putte. and hange it dayes
J seven
of roses. Eodo- .
32.
That roses that begynneth forto unclose Place roses not
yet open in. a
reed which stands
And cleve a reede that stont & groweth grene, green, and close
220 Doo thayme therin and them in it as you
let it on hem close like, or keep
them out of doors
Thus til the list hem wol
: this reede sustene.
protected in clean
pots.
Other condite hem kepe in pottes clene
With pik munyte and couchyng theroute alway.
224 August in houres cordyng is with May.
fo>
Finis vi libri, et prefacio ad septimum.
34.
232 So ronne away in Translator's
May is litel space.
epilogue to Book
The tonge 6, and preface to
is shortte, and longe is his sentence. Book 7.
1 2
bemes. forride.
JUYN.
2.
Then let dry in
it
8 And
the sun. Another
after suffer thay the sonne it drie.
to clean
way is
the floor and wet
And this is oone. Another way is fonde,
it well, and turn
in small animals
As first the floor to clensse, and after strie
to tread it down.
Hit with weete, and so wel weet the londe,
all
De messibus.
3.
Barley is to be
Now gynneth barly ripe, and is to anende,
1
harvested before 2
the ear break. 16 Er the eere to breke and shede it ;
for as whete
A good reaper
can get five It is not cladde nor cloked syde & ende.
strikes a day.
The corn swells Oon daywerk of a goode repman may gete
if left to lie loose.
V strik, a febbler for in may swete.
20 And that the corn may grete upon the grounde
Thay sayen is goode to let it lye unbounde.
1
consumanda. spica.
BOOK VII.] HARVEST OPERATIONS. 159
4.
This moones ende in places nygh the see At the end of the
month -wheat-
And hot & drie is gonnen repyng whete. harvest begins.
See if it be ripe
24 But by seeing if the
first, yf it be ripe, is forto see whole field grows
red at the same
Yf alle the lande atte ones rody grete time.
5.
6.
And every corne 3 wol start into this chare. 4 into it.
7.
This teeth wol bite hem so that beth These teeth force
bifornjs in the ears in
44 And fere hem in,
5
the drover aye in kynde front. Theidro-
ver will regulate
Doo list & lethe as lowe & high the corne is, the height. This
cart is for plain
That shall trippe in, the chaf fletyng lands, where
behynde. chaff is not
wanted.
Thus shall an oxe in dayes few upwynde
48 An hervest alle ;
this carre is thus to carie
cold, now hold For fodder now is tyme and every puls, 8 ;
of pulse.
56 There lande ig cold ig hmregt nowe to huls>
9.
^ntiis
P
S
ag e
ashes
^owe potageware in askes mynge & kepe
In oilbareUes or salt tubbes doone,
iaiwubs^^they
are safe laid
'
by gadde cleyed well thai save beth leide to slepe.
strongly Trias-
tered. Beans 60 Nowe benes, in decresyng
J of the moone, '
plucked early
kept in a cool Er day
J and er she ryse,
J upplucked
* soone,
place will be free __ n
.
10.
place.
06 in a ^ Bight from the floor as fast as it is doone.
1 2 3 4 5 6 resecare.
Maio. herbosa. possint. vicia. rugosa.
7 8 9 10 fiunus. n salubres.
pabulo. legumina. gurgulionibus.
BOOK VII.] POMEGRANATES AND FIGS. 161
12.
13.
and men
lated,
round the
88 Now peche in places colde is putte in theye.
2
dig
palm. Trees are
The plannte of palm men umbydelvyng hie. now to have em-
plastration.
In Juyl and nowe solempne insicion
Hath treen, that men calle emplastracioun.
14.
15.
104 Hit softe his gemwe above alle that excede, hurt bud, that
one may take the
Oon gemwe as for another so succede. place of the
other.
1
mela. inoculatur.
11
162 CALVES, BEES, ETC. [BOOK VII.
16.
Place dung on Doo donnge upon and umbe on evry syde
and around, and
And bynde it to ;
the bowes of that tree
branches, a
a e 108 That higher beth, let hewe of or devyde
da ys
tt
Away, and dayes xx let it be.
Unbynde it thenne, and there expertly se
How oon tree is in til an other ronne.
18.
there is more
..,
All subtilly & smale that thai summe,
-,
it
2
numerent.
BOOK VII.] TO MAKE A POTTAGE OF ALTCA OR SPELT. 163
19.
Thus siste it that the graynes stille abide Let the grains
remain in the
128 Inwithe the syve, and floures downe to shake; sieve, the flowers
pass through,
This floures smale into hony swetest slide and lie inhoney
and
And therof xxxti dayes let hem take thirty days,
then let no man
fail to make
Ynough, and thenne uptemperyng forsake them in their
1 32 No man for hem to make into thaire
kynde ;
kind.
De Alsica.
20.
Alsike is made with barly, half mature Alica is made of
A party grene
and uppon repes bounde unripe harley,
bound in sheaves
and roasted in
136 And in an oven 2 ybake and made to endure an oven until
hard enough to
That lightly on a querne 3 it may be
grounde. grind in a mill.
Nowe til a strike a litel salt infounde
De horis.
21.
Half pryme on xxtt feet hole pryme ; Half-prime is the
first hour of the
On xn half undern vin hool undern v
; ; ; Roman day,
whole prime the
Mydday on im and noon on n feet by me
; 2nd. Half undern
the 3rd, whole
144 Stont fast Now Phebus chaise upthrive
ynough. undern the 4th.
No lenger may the Occident asblyve
til
Deo gracias*
22.
148 Nowe Juyn is doo. Salus, blisse, umne, honoure, Translator's
epilogue.
Joy, jubile, power, and diademe,
Jesu, be to the, Jesse, the rooters floure,
In mageste that is 4 to sit and deme,
152 He 5 to us se that in that houre extreme
That 6 prison, helle, all cloose from us be loken,
And with Him we dwellyng. Yet must I yeme
This book, and telle at Juyl of lande up broken.
1
This stanza treats of the making of cenanthe from the flowers and
grapes of the
wild vine. 2 3 * art. 5
furno. mola. So. xhi.
JUYLL.
Plough again
Atte Juyl the lande up broken in Aprile
early. Time to
finish wheat-har- Is efte to plowe, and sone is best his season.
vest, and clear
fields of bushes, Whete hervest nowe in teinpre lande is while
and grub up
stocks. 4 Forto conclude ;
and by the forsaide reason
Nowe make the feldes wide of busshes geson.
Nowe stocke upp grobbe and tree in wanyng moone,
Thaire rootes eke to brenne is now to done.
2.
Now the corn is 8 Nowe treen that have amongst the cornes growe,
away, cut down
the trees that The corne awaye, adowne it is to caste. 1
were amongst it.
Before the dog- Oon daies werk may xxtt overthrowe :
days, take up
fern and sedge. Nowe
vynes yonge ydolven first and laste
2
proscindere. pulveratie.
BOOK VIII.] TURNIPS AND RAPE. 165
4.
5.
De implastracione.
7.
1 2
devexa. eligit.
166 BREEDING CATTLE. [BOOK VIII.
8.
I have
citrons now to
planted Now 1
plannted I scions of citurtree
great advantage. In colde and weete, and wattre it so longe
Now inoculate
the fig. Graft 52 That forth thai come in greet felicitee.
citrons and dig
about palms in The to encye 2 it is noo wronge.
the middle of figtree mowe
the month.
Gather almonds
In weet lande citnr graffed wol be spronge,
early. And palm.es delve aboute amydde this moone.
56 Almondes ripeth no we :
go gete hem sone.
Time for cows to Nowe shal the bulle his Wyfes to him take,
breed, that their
ten months may And fille her wombe, in monethes x to anende
end in spring.
If they are too Thaire tyme of birth at veer for now thai wake ;
fat, they do not
breed so well. 60 All fresshe, for veer thair Yenus bronde hath tende.
XV of hem oon male is forto ascende,
As telleth Columelle, and wol contente.
Yit yf thai be to fatte her werth is shente.
10.
Where fodder is 64 In places ther is fodder abondannce,
abundant the
cow may breed The ky may other whiles be withdrawe.
oftener.
Moderate food is
beneficial. If
Mete in mesure her calvyng wol advannce.
they are put to Eke in the plough perchaunce yf thai shal drawe
the plough they
may breed alter- 68 Itche other yere thai may go to by lawe.
nate years.
Antl so shal thai for either werk endure,
That is to saye, in laboure & feture.
11.
The tups should Nowe putte amonge the shepe thaire tnppes white
have white
tongues. If they 72 Not oonly woolled, but also thair tonge ;
are spotty the
lambs will be so Yf it be spotty that a man may wite
too. From white
sometimes other If he begetshim spotty lambes yonge.
colours spring,
but not from Yit sumtyme of the white are other spronge.
black.
76 But Columelle, he saithe, of tuppes blake
White sheep Nature is never wonte to make.
1 2 inoculate.
taleas.
BOOK VIII.] RAMS AND EWES. 167
12.
The tuppe is chosen faire of altitude, The tup should
be tall, broad-
Ywombed side, and tecte in whittest woolle, 1 bellied, and
covered with
80 A besom tail holdyng his longitude, white wool, with
a long tail and
Yfronnted large, and stoned atte the large forehead.
fulle.
He answers until
From youthe until vin yeres olde thei wole 3 eight years, the
ewe till five.
14.
15.
In hervest putte a way thi feble shepe Sell or use feeble
sheep in autumn.
100 As thus thai may be solde, or elles spende. Some men let
their sheep breed
A coitu twey monethes summen keepe at any time of
the year.
Her raam until Cupido be wele to ende.
1 2 4
lana. volunt. profre. ventrem v. raatrem.
168 TO MAKE SQUILL- WINE AND MEAD. [BOOK VIII.
De extirpando gramme.
16.
when the Sun is Nowe with the Crabbe inHabityng the Sonne,
* &
in Cancer, and
6 ^"^ e moone f VI * n Capricorn ysette,
da s o?dhi cf
pricorn, grass 108 Yf gresse vpuled uppe be the lande is wonne.
pulled up will _.. .
not grow again, .Lke cipur tonges l with gootes bloode wette
with a cypress And toles from the furneys if me sette
fork, or tools, -r> , .,-, , n , ,,
sprinkled with -DJ sprent with gootes bloode, the grasses rowe
goats' blood.
j 12 With theeg if me fordoQ ^ thai gliall n
De Vino scillite.
17.
TO make squill- And vvne squyllitee is thus made in this moone
wine, dry moun-
tain, or sea The montayne
~ squylle. oth^r of nygh the See
squills, as soon .
i
as the dog-star As nseth the Canyculers as sone
rises,
from the Sun;
far away
116
^VVol
T ,
j-j-i
lerre away fro sonne ydned be.
put a pound into -
18.
De Idromelle.
19.
1 2 3 investes.
ciprei bidentes. tussim.
BOOK VIII.] SQUILL- VINEGAR AND MUSTARD. 169
De aceto squillino.
20.
And in this moone is made Aisel squillyne : To make squill-
vinegar, take off
Of squylles white alle rawe take of the hardes, the shells and
rind,and put the
136 And althe rynde is for this nothing fyne, middle part only
into twelve sex-
Then oonly take the tender myddelwardes tarii of vinegar.
Shred one pound
In sesters xii of aisel that soure harde is. six ounces, and
let it stand forty
A pounde & unces vi yshrad be doo days in the Sun :
21.
After this XL daies cloos in sonne then cast out the
squillsand strain
Cast oute squylle, and dense it feetly wel, carefully into a
closed vessel,
And into vessel pitched be it ronne. Or, thirty gallons
of vinegar with
144 An other xxx* 1 galons of aisel eight drachms of
squills, an ounce
With dragmes vin of squylle in oon vessel, of pepper, and a
1
littlecasia artu
Pepur an unce, of case and mynte a smal mint.
De sinapi.
22.
148 A sester and a semycicle take Grind a pint and
a half of mustard
Of senvey seede, and grynde
pouder small, it seed, mix five
pounds of honey,
V pounde of hony theruppon thou slake, one pound of
Spanish oil, and
Of Spannysh oile a pounde do therwithall. a pint of vinegar.
De horis.
23.
Oon goothxxn with xi,
of The length of
the hours in
156 And n with x on xn feet goth blyve. July.
aliquantum.
170 ADDRESS TO THE TRINITY. [Boon VIII.
2.
De pampinandis fy
obumbrandis vitibm*
3.
De urendis pascuis.
4.
Burn the land to Pastures eke in this moone is to brenne
destroy bushes
and their stock. That busshes, ther thai groweth over
If the land is hie,
covered with dry 24 And besy beth the lande to over renne,
plants, burn
them, and they This brennyng may thaire stocke & hem destrie.
will grow again
'
more fresh.
Eke if the lande be wriehed in herbes drie,
De herbis in orto.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
72 Sclak sonde lymous & lene, unswete & depe ; sand has scanty
and muddy
Blake erthe humour not moche hath in his chest water ; clays
have an uncer-
Of wynter shoures leide up forto kepe, tain supply of
sweet water.
For swetly smylleth that lande clayes wepe :
1 2
mentum. considera.
174 SIGNS OF THE PRESENCE OF WATER. [BOOK IX.
12.
Strong gravel Sadde sonde gravel, and there eke as beth stonys,
and stony land
have a certain Certain humoure is and in ubertee.
supply, and
where the stone 80 Goode abundance is ther as rody stoon is.
is red, there is
abundance, but But war: for thai 1
beware lest it thorough chenes lightly flee.
escape through
fissures. In flint Amonge flynt stoon atte hilles rootes be
is cold and
wholesome Yeynes ynowe, and chillyng colde & seete.
water, in plains
hard and tepid. 84 Ther felde hath salte and saad, luke & unsweete.
13.
A good flavour And savoure wel, thenne thay begynne
if thai
shows they
spring from Under the mount, eke ere amonge ther be
under a moun-
tain ; but there "Welles wel colde in playne ther shades twynne
are cold springs
in plains if the
88 The Sonne away. Yit signes moo men see
sun is kept off.
Withy, reeds, Ther water is, as the fertilitee
alder, ivy, show
there is water. 2 3 4
Of withi, reede, aller, yvy, or vyne
That ther is water nygh is verrey sigue.
14.
Where these 92 Ther as thai growe, updelve in latitude
grow, dig three
feet, broad, and Thre foote, and deep v foote into the grounde,
five deep, and
put in the ground
a vessel upside
And whenne the Sonne adowne gothe, ther enclude
down. This hole,
covered with a
Of leede or brasse a vessel clene ygrounde
hurdle and
96 Downwarde the mouthe, upwarde the bottom rounde,
mould, should
remain so till
the morrow. This pitte ywrien with a fleyke and molde
15.
Take away the The next day the fleyke away thou plie,
hurdle, and if the
vessel be
moist
damp or 100 And se yf
J this vessel withynne
J swete,
there is
baked earthen*"
^ r ^ *ke dropes therin multiplie,
ere
wm "Withoute doute ther wol be water gete.
Sny water
be softened.
A potters potte uneled 5
wol alete 6
1 2 8 6
rimas. salicis. arundo. alnus. non coctum. 6
resolvetur.
BOOK IX.] SINKING WELLS, ETC. 175
16.
17.
De puteis faciendis.
18.
19.
Yf it ne
quenche, of perill is ther noon. If it be not
quenched there
128 Hit quyncheth, lo the place is pestilente. ! is no danger, and
vice versa. Or
An other way to this is to goone : dig a hole till the
water escapes,
On either side a pitte must have descent and bore the well
into it that the
Until thi sought licoures librament. noxious air may
evaporate.
132 And ever amonge into the wynche hem thorle,
4
1 2
scatere. connexe. puteos. perfo
176 PROOFS OF GOOD WATER. [BOOK IX.
20.
Make it eight This doon, the sydes make up with structure,
feet wide and
secure it with
courses of wood,
And footes vin it hold in latitude.
the walls being
of ragstone or
136 With barres bigge is goode to make it sure ;
flint. A mixture
of salt wiU cor- Or wall it well with ragge or flyntes rude.
rect muddiness.
In square or round this werk thai may conclude.
If water ther be lymous or enfecte
140 Admyxtion of salt wol it correcte.
21.
If the brink keep And yf thi
wynche in digging wol not stande,
falling in, board
it up, and
But nowe and nowe be fallyng in the brynke,
strengthen the
boards with P<?raventure it is so
transverse slippyng lande.
lest
planks,
close
it
144 Thenne an other crafte thou must be thinke :
upon thy
working men. Yf bordes holde not synke.
it oute, it may
But thai must oute be borne with barres rude,
For doubte if it thi worching men conclude.
De aqua probanda.
22.
23.
Or if food soon Yf mete in hit wol boile in litel while,
boils in it ; or if
it be clear, with-
out blemish. By
156 Yf it be cleer appering like the skye,
piercing the
mountain, we
Withouten wem or signe of thinges vile.
may bring a well The wynches eke that stonde in hilles hie
that stands in
high ground to To lower stede as welles we may trie.
a lower place.
160 This must be doon by persyng the mountayne
The water so to lede into the playne.
BOOK IX.] AQUEDUCTS. 177
De ague ductibus.
24.
The water may be ledde by weies three. Three ways of
leading water,
In channels, or (in) condites of leede,
viz., channels,
conduits, and
164 Or elles in trowes ymade of tree. wooden troughs.
In channels it
And first in a channel if it be led must sink gradu-
ally a foot in
every 100 feet,
In evry hundreth feet downe from the heed that so it may
have strength to
A lite and lite a foote it must avale, run down the
hill.
168 That it have myght so downe the clyf to hale.
25.
And If a hill come in
happe an hille the water mete,
if it
the way, make a
lane and force the
Let make a lone and through thi licour hale. water through,
or let it go
Or elles by the side aboute him trete.
round it. Carry
over a valley
172 And if it sholde affalle into the dale it
on piles, or
arches, or leaden
With piles over that it must avale. pipes.
Or make an arche it over on to lede 1
26.
27.
2 3 4
ducere. plumbare. favilla. condite.
12
178 A COMFIT OF HONEY AND GRAPES. [BOOK IX.
De onfaco mette.
29.
De Horis.
30.
Length of the 204 This Aust and May in houres lengthe are oon.
hours in August.
To xxm feet next either ende,
And two next hem in feet xni goon,
And other two to footes ix extende,
208 And after two the next on vi ascende.
Next after noone, and erststondyng on irn is,
1.
Fat land accus-
Atte September the fatte lande using longe-, tomed to hold its
moisture is now
Homoure to keep is plowed, and so thrie ploughed thrice.
In a wet season
It plowed is ; the same eke is noo wronge it may be done
earlier. Plain,
4 Rather to doo yf season be not drie. humid, lean land,
spoken of in
The playne, humyde, & lene lande espie, August, is now
ploughed again,
In Aust saide of, nowe plowe it newe ayeine,. and immediately
planted.
And plowed, hoote let kest n it his greyne.
3.
be spread instead
on sandy land, 24 For lacke of dounge in sondy lande be spronge
or sand upon
clay, for corn or
Goode marl, and it wol make it multiplie ;
Tines. Dung
will impair vines. And uppon cley the sonde is goode to strie ;
De remedio humoris fy
de mensuris.
6.
7.
Clothe thy
Thyne hopre cloth hienes skynne, and throwe
hopper (small
square field) with 44 Thi seede therin, and stonde it there a stounde, 1
a hyaena's skin,
and let the seed as thai sayen, the better wol
stand therein a And, it growe.
short time. In-
sects, which de-
Yf bestes harme it that beth in the grounde,
stroy the seed, Let mynge juce of cedum smal ygrounde
may be kept
away with juice 48 "With water, and oon nyght thi seede ther stepe,
of sedum (house-
leek).
And beestes wicke away thus may me kepe.
1
tempore.
BOOK x.] BARLEY, PEAS, SESAME, ETC. 181
8,
De hordeo canterino.
9.
11.
Nowe first the fittche is sowen and feyne greek. Vetches and fen-
greek require
72 Oon acre served with strikes vn;
is seven strikes to
the acre. Far-
Farrage in restyf lande ydounged eek rage (matlin) to
be sown in stiff
Is doone, x strike is for oon acre even, land, and it must
rise out of the
And oute of moolde are colde eke must it heven. mould ere
cold
weather. Unless
76 Til May it wol uppon to fede.
suffice it run to seed, it
may be fed upon
But lenger not thenne Marche if it shal sede. till May.
182 NEW MEADOWS. [BOOK X.
14.
Time to root up 92 This tyme is to be stocked every tree
treesand herbs,
and plough and
dung at the
Away with herbes brode, eke root and bough,
waning of the
onoon.
And iche impediment oute taken be.
Eke exercise it after with the plough
96 Whenne it of erthe is resolute ynough,
The cloddes broke and piked oute the stonys,
Freshe dounging tyme in wanyng of the moone is.
15.
If cattle tread For any thing 1100 beest upon it trede,
upon it, they will
make uneven.
it 100 Uneven it that wolde, it is to drede.
If moss overgrow
it, shave it, and And if olde moos thi medes over lede,
sow hay seeds ;
ashes to slay the The shaven grounde with sede of hay lete seede.
moss.
104 Eke forto sle this moos is doone noo wronge
Yf askes ofte aboute on it be spronge.
BOOK X.] VINTAGE. 183
16.
If the meadow is
And if thi mede is drossy, barayne, olde, drossy and old,
Let plowe it efte and playne it efte doune lowe. plough it again,
and level it.
108 Eryng is goode for aged meedes holde. Ploughing is
good for old
meadows. Hu-
The rape is sowe in hem, eke fitches throwe midity would
spoil all the
Beth ther with hay seede, better forto growe. work.
De vindemia cekbranda.
17.
This moone in places warme & nygh the see Preparations to
be made for the
Vyndage is hugely to solempnyse ; coming vintage,
e.g. pitch the
In places colde arayed fore is he. casks, 12 Ibs. of
pitch, more or
116 The tonnes forto pitche is to devyse : less, for each
cask, according
A tonne of two hundred congys suffise to the size.
18.
1 20 Sumen to xxtt pounde of pitche a pounde Some men add
lib. of wax to
Of wex wol doo, to ese it lest it lepe 201bs. of pitch,
lest it should
In colde ;
eke wyne to taste and smylle sounde split. Keep the
vines from pitch.
1
Fro bitter pitche also thi
vynes kepe. A brown and
blackish colour is
124 Yf'thay be browne and sum eke blake be. a sign of matu-
rity. Pay atten-
That is a token of maturite. tion to the grape-
stones.
2
Upon the grayne in grapes eke take kepe.
20.
cheese-bowls Chesbolles nowe beth sowe in hoote & drie
(poppies) sown
now alone or Allone or oth0r seede with ;
and it sowe
with other seed. f ,
if sown in land 136 Ther as thing hath be brent, wol multiplie
which has been
burnt they will Best, as thay say en ;
and no we brasik to growe
sow cabbages to For November plauntyng in lande is
J throwe,
plant out in No-
J
21.
22.
sow capers by 148 Hit loveth dounge and sharped stony londe.
themselves; for
their juice is a
foe to other
Nowe cappares ysowen
*
is also,
23.
Gith (or cockle), And gith is laste eke in this moone ysowe,
radishes, par- 156 Cresses and dele also in tempre lande,
snips, cserefo-
lium, lettuce, Or hoote radisshe in drie also wol growe,
beet, coriander,
rape, and turnip Parsnepe and cerfoile also forth may stande
are sown now. .
25.
Thre greynes sume oute of an appul take, Some take apple-
pips dried in the
And sonne ydried sette him in and m, sun, and plant
three together.
Oon springe nature of greynes in wol make, Nature will make
one to spring out
172 That wette and dolven besily must be, of three grains.
Grafted on
And oon yere olde hem
plaunted is to se. quince after a
year in January
So wol thaire fruite be swete, in Janyveer or February,
they will bear
Graffe him in quynce, and eke in Feveryeer. sweet fruit.
26.
176 And graffe it best in plumme and
1
peretree It does best in
For meles eke. This tubre fruyte men kepe may be kept laid
to sleep in millet.
De servandis uvis.
28.
Choose grapes to Trie oute the grape unhurt, neither to ripe
keep neither too
ripe nor too sour, Neither to soure, as gemmes luculent,
bright as gems, ,nn
soft and hard to 192 Of softe and hardde as goodly is to gripe,
the touch pull
off thecorrupted
;
Tho puld of that corrupcion hath shent,
ones burn the
;
stalks of the
The closter tenes 1 in hoote picke be blent. 2
Suspende hem so in colde hous, drie, obscure,
clusters in hot
pitch, and sus-
pend them in a 196 Ther noo light in may breke, and thai beth sure.
cool, dry place.
De horis.
30.
1
This moone is dounge (is) caried oute on ende.
This moone is sowe eke barly canteryne ;
2.
1
diligenter.
188 VINES. [Boos XI,
De notanda mtiumfertilitate.
4.
Mark the fertility
of a vine, but one Nowe nede is sette a signe on every vyne
year's growth is That fertile
not enough as a is, scions of it to take
proof. 24 For setting. Columelle oon yeres signe
Reputeth not ynough preef forto make
Of fertillesse but if it never slake
;
6.
Where land is
36 So holpen the vyne of winter rayne
is
of that nature,
frosts have no
domination. Ayaine the landes lene povertee,
So drinketh it that is of drynkes fayne,
That is not wont of frostes vexed be,
40 For ther as lande is of that qualitee
De ablaqueandis vitibus.
7.
11.
12.
Six Ibs. of goat's Six pounde of gootes dounge is for oon tree,
dung for one
tree ; or let every Or evry tree a strike of askes gage,
tree engage a
strike of ashes,
and let the moss
80 The mosse alway yrased from hem be.
be removed. If
Eke Columelle hem kitteth vin yere age.
boughs are
barren, weak, or But I saye bareyne, feynt, or in dotage,
old, single them
out yearly. If
they -will not
Tf bowes be, hem yerly utter trie.
fructify, help
them thus : 84 And help hem thus if thay nyl fructine :
13.
Let a French Unto the pith a ffrenssh in bore,
wimble bore into wymble
the pith; thrust Threste in a braunche of roggy wilde olyve,
in a branch of
rugged wild Threste ynne it faste, and to thaire rootes store
olive, and at
once cast oil
88 Alle naked made oildregges kest as blyve
dregs, or old
urine, upon their
roots laid bare.
Or old uryne. In this maner do thrive
Thus a barren
tree will bear. A barayne tree to childe ;
in this courage
It is good to graft
them in the wild Hem forto graffe is goode, as sayen the sage.
state.
14.
Clean brooks and 92 Kowe purge upp broke and diche eke if greet rayne ;
ditches. If rain
has made grapes The grape hath weete, after the formest hete
watery, it is best
to get all the Of must of hem comyng, as Grekes sayne,
must coming
from them after Is best alle into oth^r vessel gete.
the first heat into
another vessel. 96 The water wol behinde alle heirylete.
The water will
let all
remain behind.
sediment This wyne translated thus is save & pure
And waterles. For whi ? It hath his cure.
15.
Take fresh olives, Fresshest olyve is taken, so dyvers
diverse as is
their colour, to 100 As his colour is, and, to dwelle ore eve,
keep over the
evening ; spread Let brede hem, lest thai hete & be the wers.
them, lest they
heat. Remove Eke everie drie or roton cors remeve,
dry rotten ber-
ries,strew on And rather hool thenne groundon salt let streve
them whole, not
ground, salt, and iA A
' 4 On hem in strike on x strike of olyve,
put them quickly
into new baskets.
And into skeppes newe hem haste as blyve.
BOOK XI.] TO MAKE OLIVE-OIL AND LAUKEL-OIL, 191
16.
Let them drink
This savery salt alle nyght so let hem drinke, up the salt all
night,and early
And erly sette on werkyng hem the wrynge ; set the press at
work upon them.
108 A savery oil ther wol oute of it synk; First sprinkle
with warm water
But first with water warme is to bespringe the pipes and
vessels of this oil.
The chanels of this oile and vessellyng. Keep away fire,
lest the oil he-
Lest rancoure oil enfecte, do fier away. come rancid.
17.
In salt lande nygh the see thay springeth sone, let it stand in a
plain, lest, if
16 But make hem mould fail, the
1
playne upon to stonde, roots be found
bare. Transplant
Lest rootes bare, if molde fie, be fonde.
quatrefoil into
manured land.
And katrefoil, whenne thai beth up yspronge,
Transplaunte hem into lande ydight with dounge.
18.
120 The tasul plaunte is also nowe to sette, Set teasles three
feet apart, the
Thre foote ich oon of hem from other stonde. roots being first
clipped and
The rootes cropped first and dounge ywette, moistened with
dung ; they will
The increment in hem is to be fonde. increase. In
winter cast dry
124 In wynter dayes drie uppon thaire londe dung and ashes
on their beds.
Let dounge and askes kest eke now is sowe :
Sow mustard in
hard ground.
19.
20.
Mallow is kept
back by winter This moone is malowe ysowe, and to be longe
from growing
long or large. It The winter latteth it, or greet to thryve.
likes rich moist
land and dung. 136 And gladde is it of fatte lande weet and dounge.
Transplant when
it has four or Eke hem transplaunte atte leves mi or v.
five leaves. The
tender plant The tender plaunte is take anoon, and blyve
takes best and
grows quickly ;
that transplanted
Upgoth, and sekkul beth the greet ysette,
large is sickly : 140 And thay that stille stondeth savereth bette.
those not re-
moved have best
taste.
21.
22.
23.
25.
Palms require a
Solute or sondy landes thai require, certain quantity
of rich land ;
So that aboute or under hem be do transplant them
when they are a
A certayne of fatte lande as thai desire. year or two old;
and to keep off
172 And hem transplaunte oon yere of age or two; heat, water them
every now and
But do this first in Juyn and Juyl also ; then.
26.
1 76 Salt water helpeth palme, or of nature Natural or arti-
ficial salt-water
Or made and yf the tree begynne seke 1
:
isgood for palms,
and if the trees
The dregges hegin to sicken,
olde of wynes wol it cure, the dregs of old
2 wine will cure
So it unto the bared rootes seke.
them, searching
to the roots. Cut
180 The heer do barke away from either cheke off the hair (fila-
ments) of each
Of everie roote, or make a saly pynne root, or drive in
a pin of willow.
And in the rootes clifte let drive it ynne.
27.
Land in which
The lande nought is for fruite that palmes growe palms grow natu-
184 Untilled ynne. Pistace rally is not good
is in this moone for fruit. Pista-
chio nuts grow
Of plauntes sette outher of nuttes sowe. from plants or
kernels but
But men & women sette together sowe ;
segrotare. quserat.
13
194 PISTACHIO NUTS, AND CHERRIES. [BOOK XI.
28.
And other use an otlier diligence ;-
d p ut
mo ui d Thay smyteth oute the hede of skeppes smale,
192 And dounged moolde in it they wol dispense,
wm rfeeTgerm! And therin doo pistaces HI by tale ;
29.
it may be grafted jje loveth moiste & hoote & often drinke ;
o^mTan^aTmond
^ n terebynt in Feveryer is he
30.
r aft
them. p\a?t Whenne thai beth take & gynneth go with childe,
208 Hem is it goode to graffe in dayes mylde,
Or in moones thre thaire pomes springe 2
this
31.
of the
* P reve(* h ave encrece of Chiritree.
tttUfcuttSgs
212 The yerdes that my yyne I sette unto
h h a ve n
us ed fo r vine - A110011 hatl1 gwen up an huge tree.
r P 8h
o n inIo
g W
Lr ge ^ Janyveer and November also,
goode atte
-i
al.
I say in the rind.
1 2 3 nasci.
planta. sere.
BOOK XI.] TO GRAFT CHERRIED AND MAKE THEM STONKLESS, 195
32,
he who wol hem doo If they are
And, as saith, in truncke grafted in the
Must pike away the downe trunk, the down
of alle the tree, must be picked
off; otherwise it
220 For many a graft, he saithe, it hath fordoo. will ruin the
graft. In all
This observaunce i& to be kept, saithe he, gummy trees
grafting must
In chiritreen, and alle that gummy be : take place when
there is little or
To graffe hem whenne noo gume upon hem growe, no gum.
224 Or elles whenne it stynteth oute to flowe,.
33.
34.
Cherries will
232 Withouten stoon wel wol thai growe & cheve, grow without
stones if you cut
As Marcial saithe, if a tender tree a young tree at
two feet, cleave
Me kitte atte footes tweyne, and thenne it cleve it to the root,
and see the mar-
Unto the and with an yron se
roote, row scraped out
with an iron.
236 The mary raised oute, and closed be Close it again,
and wrap in dung
Hit sone ayenie and binde it, wrappe in dounge
;
the head and the
two halves along
His heede and either half the slitte in longe. the slit.
35.
1
effluere.
196 TREATMENT OF CHERRIES. [BOOK XI.
36.
Against ants
sprinkle on the
Held on the tree the juce of Portulake
tree the juice of
purslain mixed
Half aisel mixt, and forth thai goth yfere.
with vinegar, or
winedregs will
248 Or wyne dregges wol make hem thens slake
drive them
thence, when the
As floures gynne and if Canyculere
;
tree flowers
and if the dog-
;
38.
The apple is 260 The male is sette in landes hoote & drie.
planted in hot
soil quince and
; At November kalendes quynce ane serve 3
service-tree on
the 1st of Novem- In semynaire is sette to multiplie.
ber,and almonds.
Pine is also to be And of the same an almandtree thay serve, 4
sown, and fruits
to be kept for
264 Nowe pyne is sowe, and pomes forto observe
preserves, as has
already been In condiment is nowe to make afore,
taught of each.
Of iche of hem as erst is taught the lore.
De apibus castrandis.
39.
The bees are Castracion the been have efte this moone,
a?ain to be de-
prived of their 268 As said is erst, if thai be riche, and elles
h.mey, if they
are rich ; other-
wise, leave the
To leve hem halfe thaire goodes is to doone,
half their goods;
if poor it is
And if povert appere in thaire celles,
wicked to rob
them. Attend to That robbeth hem wel worthi go to hell is.
what is to be
said of wine. 272 Hony and wex as erst is nowe to make.
"What shal be saide of wyne is tente to take.
luna. 3
rugas h(ab)ere. sorbus. faciunt.
BOOK XI.] CHARACTERS OF WINES, 197
De vinis pomorum.
40,
Greeks say that
That I have redde, and Greekes in thaire faith
sweet wines are
heavy white
Afferme I thinke it here to you declare. saltish
;
wine is
good the
for
276 This difference in wine thaire writyng saith bladder ; by
yellow wine di-
Ther is, that swettest wynes hevy are, gestion is
assisted.
The white a partie salt is not to spare,
The bledder helpeth it, the yolgh coloured
280 Digestion is greetly by socured.
41.
A white styptic
The stiptik white a stomake that is laxe helps laxity, in-
ducing paleness
Wol helppe enducing coloure that is pale and making little
blood. Black
And lesse of bloode in man therof wol waxe ; grapes make a
strong wine, red
284 Prom grapes blake a mighty wyne wol hale ; a sweet. Com-
mon wine is from
And swete of rede and swettest from the sm ale
; ; white grapes.
42.
43.
Its 8th (qu. 80th)
This age alle ille odoure eschaungeth sweete-.
part they mix
with must, and
296 The viirth part therof in must thay doo ; a 5th (qu. 50th)
of gypsum. After
The vth part of gipse is therto meete. three days stir it
well, and it will
And after dayes three thai gothe therto,
keep long and b
brilliant.
And mightily thai route it to and fro,
300 Thus dight, thay sayen that longe thai wol endure,
And in coloure be resplendent & pure.
198 CHARACTERS OF WINES. [BOOK XI.
44.
Every nine days Iche dales ix a be moeved, is to
it should be wyne
stirred, especially
in a late vintage.
And namely when ther is a latte vyndage.
Frequent obser- or\A
^^ By seyng ofte is what to hold ypreved
ration will teach
what to keep and
what to send And what is goode to send on pilgramage.
away. Some
plunge three oz. Of resyne drie and stamped sumen gage
of resin into the
barrel to make it Three unces into a tonne, and alto meve
keep>
308 It, and it shal endure, as thay byleve.
45.
l
They know by The must that is byrayned thus thai cure :
tasting, whether
must has
J wite yf
the
been damaged by
By taste thay J it berayned
J be,
rain, and they The xx part away
J to bone, her cure
boil away the
2oth part, and 312 Is first of gipse an hundreth quantitee
cure it with
looth part of Doon with : and other wol it boiled se
gypsum.
Until the v the parte of it consume,
-And after yeres nn in use assume.
46.
Sour wines are
made sweet by
Of wynes soure is taught to make sweet
two cyathi of 3
"With barly floure, and not but cruses two,
barley meal, left
in onehour and
some add dregs
;
As for a smalle vessel so moche is meete,
of sweet wine,
or dry liquorice,
An houre into the wyne let it be doo.
and use it after
it has been long
320 And oon doth dregge of swete wyne therto.
shaken.
Of glizicide a parte he hath infuse
All drie, and longe yshogged it wol use.
47.
1 2 3 4
sanant. cura. ciati. descendere.
BOOK XL] TO IMPROVE WINES. 199
48.
And pound them
But bray hem smal, & presse hem in a newe small and
sprinkle a cer-
Vessel, and whenne thou wilt, on kades thre tain quantity of
them on three
332 Of wyne a certayne of this floures snewe, casks of wine,
and close them
And closed fast uppon the vessel se ; for six days, or
put in a sufficient
At dayes vi ydroken may it be. quantity of sa-
voury or fennel.
And forto make a wyne to drynke swete
336 Of saturege or fenel putte in meete.
49.
Others bake the
Other the fruyte of pynes nuttes two fruit of two pine-
nuts and let
Wol bake, and in a cloothe into the wyne them hang in a
cloth in the
Vessel let honge, and cleme it wol therto. vine-vessel, and
plaster it well
340 Atte dayes v yserved this wyne is. over. Give ear to
another method
To other crafte an ere eke to enclyne is : how to make
young vines ap-
Howe vynes yonge as olde shal appere :
pear old.
50.
344 The soure Almaunde, & wermode, & feyn greeke, Rub together
sour almonds,
Frote hem yfere asmoche as wol suffice, wormwood, and
fengreek, and the
The gumme of fructifying pynes gum of fruit-
eke, bearing pine.
Put a cruse of
And bray alle aswel as thou canst devyse. it into a stone of
wine thus they
348 A cruce into a stene of wyne devise : will
:
be
great wines.
Confected thus ther wol be wynes greet.
Lest thay enfecte is forther nowe to trete :
51.
52.
One ounce
of An unce of melion, of gliciride
meliot, three of .
of Celtic nard,
stamp them 360 Let stampe hem also smal as may
J betyde,
J '
small with two
ounces of hepatic "With aloes tweyne unces epatike ;
aloes, put into a
ess in the 1
j
i
J^et vessel it, and set it uppe in smyke.
ancient
appear ^ex SP 0011 ^ putte in v sester wyne
364 Wol make it auntceaunt appere and fyne.
53.
e
ch ang
ash
dark
^ e wJnes Browne esehaungeth into white
or^he^whlJe^of
Yf that me P utte in tt lomente 2 of hene.
mish oTlfri
beans.
^ To P*tte also in oon galon the white
368 Of eyron m, and shake it in his stene,
The next day al white it wol be clene.
54.
if one burns a 372 The vyne
J also thai sayen
J hath that nature,
vine, black or
white, and casts That vynes
J yf
J me brenne, or white or blake,
it into wine, it
will take the And kest hem into wyne, me may be sure
same colour.
into a tun of The wyne coloure after the vynes take.
wine put a strike
of this burnt vine 376 For white of white, and broune of browne, shal wake.
for three days.
But therof into a tonne a strike donne be,
55.
close and let
it So close it, XL dayes let it rest.
it remain forty
days. TO make a 380 An esy wyne a man to make stronge,
mild wine strong,
boil the leaf, root, Take leef, or roote, or caule of malowe 4 agrest,
or stalk of wild
mallow, and cast And boyle it, kest it so thyne wyne amonge.
Or gipse, or askes twey cotuls no wronge
384 Thi wynes doth, piluls of cupressem
Or leef of boxe an handful thereto gesse.
1 2 3 4
fumo. lomentum. Afra. altheae.
BOOK XI.J TO MAKE TVINE CLEAR AND FINE. 201
56.
Or parsley-seed,
Or ache seede, & askes of sarment or ashes of burnt
vine-cuttings
Wherof the flaume hath lefte a core exile, from which the
flame has taken
388 The body so, not alle the bones, brent ;
body and
strength and in
:
57.
58.
400 A trouble 1
wyne anoon a man may pure : A muddy wine is
made clear by
Seven curnels of a pyne appul do putting seven
kernels of pine-
In oon sester of wyne that is ympure, apple into a pint,
and working it
59.
1
feculentum.
202 TREATMENT OF WINES. [BOOK XI.
60.
61.
But first bring a But first this wyne forsaide the fourthe part
quarter of this
wine into another Into sum other vessel
is to brynge,
vessel ; then add
the gypsum to it Therto this gipse is after to departe,
and stir it with a
fresh green reed ; 424 And with a reede all greene of fressh growinge
on the third day
let four spoonfuls
of this powder be
Two dayes in his turne it alto flynge,
added to ten
stones of the
The thridde day of this wyne in x stene
wine; Let spoones foure of this powder demene ;
62.
Then let the ACto
fourth that was 428 Thenne unto it the fourthe parte be doo
taken out be add-
ed to fill up the That fro was take, and so fille up the tonne,
cask; stir it till
the spices be And move it long tyme to and froo
mixed with the
must. Stop it Til alle this spice amonge this must be ronne.
up, leaving only
a little breathing- 432 So stoppe it uppe all save from wynde or sonne,
hole to allay
their boiling Yit leve a litel hool oute atte to brethe
heats.
Thaire heetes estuant forto alethe
63.
64.
For a stomachic
Goode stomak wyne and counter pestilence wine against
in a
Thus make of fynest must in oon me trete, 1 pestilence :
:
metrete (or kil-
derkin) of fine
444 Or it be atte the state of his fervence, must, ere it boil,
suspend eight
VIII unce of grounden wermode in a shete oz. of pounded
U wormwood in a
Dependaunt honge, and XL dayes swete ; linen bag (or
sheet), and let it
Thenne oute it take in lomes smaller hent
;
stew there forty
days; then take
448 This must, and use it as wyne pestilent. it out, and place
this must in
smaller vessels.
65.
And into must that yit not fervent be must not yet
boiling ; close,
460 Depose, and close or faste it closed se. and after forty
days add honey.
This taken oute atte XL dayes ende
Kest hony to, and as Rosate it spende.
Atte xxu dayes ende it (is ?) not to soone, from the vat, add
the fifth part of
468 Oute of the pitte after that it is do, honey.
68.
Not scummed
fine, stirred till
Not scorned fyne, wel stamped must it be
it become white ;
see it stirred well Until it white, and moeve it mightily
with a green reed
for forty days,
With reede algrene, and XL dayes se,
or rather fifty,
covered all the Or better L, doon contynuelly ;
while with a '
cloth ; then take Aye with a shete, ycoverted clenly ;
up with clean
hands all the After this tyme in handes clene uphent
476 Alle that wol swymme and be superfluent.
69.
up to keep. It
is better to keep But bette is kepte in pitched loomes smale,
it in small ves-
sels and trans- And next atte veer let gipse hem, and forth gage,
fuse and plaster
it in the spring, 480 And in a celle or colde erthe hem avale,
and put it down
in a cellar, or in In floode gravel, or ther thay stonde a dale
cold earth or
river sand,
make a
or
hole on
Do make, and drenche hem therin : til worldes longe
the spot, and This drinkes wol abyde, and aye be stronge.
plunge it in.
These drinks
keep for long
(De) defructo, careno, fy sapa.
70.
Three sorts of 484 Defrut, carene, & sape in oon manere
wine, viz. defru-
tum, carenum, Of must is made. Defrut of defervyng
and sapa, are
made in the same
manner. In the
Til thicke ;
carene is boyled nere
firstthe must is From three til two ;
but sape unto oon lette brynge
boiled till it
thicken. In the 4gQ Fro three
second one part ;
and mys but boylinge.
alle this crafte
out of three is
boiled away; in
But sape is best if quynces therwith be
the other one-
third alone re- Decocte, and alle the fier made of figtree.
mains. Mix
quinces with
sapa, and make De passo.
the fire of fig-
tree. 71.
Now passe is made, that Affrike useth make,
Raisin wine is 492 Afore vyndage and thus this crafte thai trete.
;
thus made in
Africa before vin-
tage: they put a
A multitude of reysons puld thay take
large quantity of
raisins into fine
And into risshy frayels rare hem gete,
rush
beat them with
baskets,
And mightely with yerdes first hem bete
sticks until they AC a Until
.
72.
1 When
Ther pressed oute is all that oute wol passe, keep it in a jar
like honey, in-
And under kept into sum vessel clene, stead which
of
2 you may use it
500 And this licoure Affrikes calleth passe. as a sauce, and
it will preserve
As hony me may kepe it in a stene, you from flatu-
lence.
In stede of whome in metes it demene.
This condyment is esy and jocounde,
504 "Wherof inflacioun shal noon redounde.
De cidonite.
73.
74.
512 Another wise is this : take sestres two Or take two pints
of quince and one
Of quince, and oon sester (of) aisel and a half of
vinegar, two of
And eke two sester hony therto honey; mix till
half, ;
it be all as thick
as honey. In
This mynge, and boile it alle togeder wel this pour two
oz. of pepper and
516 Til it be hony fatte & thicke iche dele ;
ginger ground to
powder.
Of pepur and ginger tweyne unces grounde
To pouder smal is therto forto infounde.
77.
Underneath they The leaf of vyne all drie and chillyng colde
place vine-leaves
and press down, Under thai do, and therin grapes presse,
and add more
leaves, and keep And with thaire handes fast adoon hem folde,
them in a dry roc So fille it
cold place where 0dD uppe, and therto leves dresse,
there is no smoke.
The hours of Oc- In drie and colde, ther smoke is noon expresse,
tober
feet
agree
with those
in
Hem kepeth thai. This October upborn
of March. With feet is as in Harche is saide beforne.
De Horis Octobris
78.
The length of the 540 The first houre xxv even,
and last
hours in October. . - ., . , . . .
1.
2.
8 And clodde hem large, as wel thai may be wrie. Cover them with
large clods. Some
Eke sumen sayen the benes sation say that in sow-
ing beans in a
In places colde is best to fructifie, cold place they
thrive best if
On hem if me doo noon occacion : no harrowing is
done upon them
12 For cloddes wol thaire germinacion at all. They
(who do harrow)
Obumbre from the colde and wol defende. impair the land.
3.
4.
Sow them on the
15th of the moon
And whenne the moone is dayes olde xv
before sunrise ;
others say the And so not repercusse as of the sonne
14th is better.
The Greeks, who 24 Sowe hem but other sayen bette is xm.
;
7.
point of a sharp
iron : for accord- On either side, afore also behinde
ing to Columella,
matter to repair So goodly by and by, it is to pointe.
the vine will
thence germinate Eor Columelle affermeth in that jointe
in spring.
48 To germyne, and in veer theroute to stare
Mater thi vyne alle newely to repare.
BOOK XII.] OLIVES, GARLIC, ETC. 209
64 The olyve is nowe there lande is hoote & drie Plant olives in
hot dry land. It
Ysette, as erst is saide. Wei wot this tree will increase if
well rubbed and
Encre in litel moiste and places hie. manured, and
agitated by fruit-
Wei froted wolde he fatte ydonnged be, ful winds.
H
210 ONIONS, TEASELS, AND FRUIT-TREES. [BOOK XII.
12.
They say that if So shal the juce into thaire hedes goo.
they are sown
and also gathered
when the moon
And whenne the moone is downe also thai telle
isdown, they will
have no strong
80 Hem if me so we, and pulle hem uppe also,
smell. Now sow Of crueltee noo thing wol in hem smelle.
onions, teasle,
marjoram, and
horse-radish.
In chaf or smoke ykept wel wol thai dwelle.
Nowe onyons sowe, and tasul in his place
84 Lette plaunte ;
and cunel sowe, eke Armarace.
14.
Others dry the
92 The boones to be sette first wol thai drie
peach - stones,
mix. with ashes
and keep in
A dayes fewe, and thenne in askes moolde
baskets. I say
keep them as you Thay mynge, and it thai into skeppes trie ;
15.
in warm air and Ther warme ayer is & gravel landes weete ;
wet gravel cold ;
winds will kill 100 For ther is colde and wyndy thai wol die
them. Dig often
and pull out Yf noo defense awai the coldes bete.
weeds, trans-
plant at two years
in short trenches
And delve hem ofte, eke herbes bitter trie.
Transplaunte hem two yere olde to multiplie
close together.
16.
17.
18.
120 Thaire kyndes beth, oon is peche Armenye, Their sorts are
the Armenian,
Precox is next, the thridde is duracyne. the Precox, and
the cling-stone.
But If the tree he too
if this tree to sore in sonne drie
sorely sun-dried,
erthe aboute and humoure vespertyne, heap earth about
Hepe it. Let any-
124 Eke thing thing placed as
object the fervoure of declyne. a protection ward
Men
A serpent skynne doon on this tree men lete
off the heat.
think a serpent's
skin avails to
Avaylant be to save it in greet hete. save it.
19.
ashes
To sle the frost ;
and if wormes unrest disturb,
mixt with oil-
dregs or beef fat,
Hem, aske, oildregges mixt, on hem be kest, with one-third
vinegar, either
132 Or oxe talgh with the thridde parte aisel, of these will kill
them.
Her either cast on hem wol elee hem wel.
212 CURES FOR FRUIT-TREES. [BOOK XII.
20.
If the fruit fall
__|,
off, drive a pin The iruite caduke is goodly thus to cure :
of fir or birch
into the root or Of terebynte or briche into the roote
trunk; or if it
threaten to rot, 136 Or truncke indryve
J a *
pynne,
J and it is sure
it is useful to
bore a hole in For fallyng fruyte ;
or holdyng forth to rote
put in a willow The myddel
J into bore also is boote,
stake.
And putte a saly stake in it with crafte ;
21.
Cut the rind low Lowe on the truncke as wounde him in the rynde,
down, and when
bind the woumi
^- ^ Q numoure whenne oute of it is ronne,
22.
23.
24.
Italiene enoculacion
plastering them
And
rede oute of the plane ygraffed wynne. is also right.
Grafted on the
The Duracyne is kept in oxyraelle plane-tree
come out
they
red.
1 68 With
dregges myxt wel for to taste and smelle.
25.
The bones oute, as figges sumwen drie The stones being
taken out, some
Hem and suspende ;
eke I have seen, the bonys dry peaches like
I have
figs.
Detracte of ]>uracyne, in hony trie seen Cling-stone
peaches, after the
stones were re-
1 72 So kept that gladder tasting never noon is,
moved, kept in
Hoote pitche a droppe if into iche (n)aveP goone is honey, so that
;
none were of
better taste, if a
That so thai be coart (coact ?) to swymme in sape,
drop of pitch be
poured in the
Enclude hem, and alle harme thai shal escape. navel.
26.
1 76 Thai sayen the pyne 2 unto all thing under sowe The Pine does
good to every
Is commodious, and his sowing is thus : thing sown un-
der it. Plant in
& drier growe
His kurnels wol in hoote October or Nov-
ember in dry
In October, or November not mys, land ; in Feb-
ruary or March
180 In Peveryere or Marche ther colde weet is. where wet. It
delights in fine
land amid hills
In smal lande nygh the see, amonge the hillys and stones.
And stones, wide and fresshe this tree at wille is.
27.
1
umbilicum. pmus.
214 TREATMENT OF PINES AND PLUMS. [BOOK XII.
28.
29.
grow faster.
After three years Atte in yere olde, this skeppes broken
the baskets being fro,
burst, they shall 900 In delves large adowne shal thai descende.
strike down. Put
on them alternate And dounge asmoche as moolde aboute hem spende ;
flakes of dung
and mould.
A flake of this, a flake of that thai make,
So hath a kake of moolde of dounge a kake.
30.
See that the top- 204 But see wel that the chief roote oon directe
root, one and
straight, be re- Be hool translate unto his summyte
moved whole to
its extremity. "Withouten hurte and in no wise enfecte.
Cutting helps
them to nourish, Putacion so helpeth hem to thee
so that we shall
see them grow 208 That two so high ascende hem shal me se
twice as high as
we expect. As me wol wene ;
and thaire nuttes abide
Wol on the tree, and ripe until this tide.
31.
Pun them before But pulle hem rather then thai flete atwvnne.
*
they split asun-
der. pium-stones 212 Thaire nuttes must be clensed forto kepe.
steeped grow
more cheerily. Newe erthen pottes sum^en kepe hem ynne,
So thai in erthe & with thaire shelles slepe.
32.
33.
Where it is clayey
Ther cleyi landes are & lapidose, dung them and
give no cause for
With dounge goode to help hem & excuse
is their falling
wormeaten. Cut
Lest thaire fruite falle and be vermyculose. off all the suckers
from the root,
228 The plauntes from the rootes eke refuse but leave the best
unpulled. Heal
Not up to pulle eke plauntes faire excuse
; your sick plums
thus:
To stande unpuld, that thai be not to seke. 1
34.
Cast on them
232 Oildregges water tempered evenly oil-dregs mixt
equally with
Let kest on hem, or oxe uryne alone, water, or old
brine with two
Or olde bryne admixt unevenly parts water, or
ashes from an
With water parties two, or of an oone* oven, and especi-
ally loppings.
236 Askes, and rathest of sarment be doone
On hem, and if caduk thaire fruites be
Dryve in the roote of Oliastre tree.
35.
1 3 furno.
querendae. languidas. pix liquida.
216 CHESTNUT TREES. [BOOK XII.
36.
Plums are
grafted on al-
In Almaunt, in himself, in male, in peche,
monds, plums,
apples, and Ys graifed plumme and plommes summen
; drie,
peaches. Some
dry them on hur-
And hem on fleykes kepe and other teche ;
37.
The chestnut 1
Chasten wol uppe of plauntes that alone
will grow from
self-sown plants,
or from seed. In TJpgrowe, or of his seedes multiplie.
two years it will
be sick. Choose The plaunte in yeres two wol gynne grone
out good strong
For and peraventure he wol die.
seke,
38.
them in
hem
Dry
heaps and cover
OfiO Drie in shade, and hem togeder hepe,
with river sand
for twenty days.
"With floode gravel let diligence hem wrie,
When that is
done place them And xxx
dayes under that hem kepe :
in water, where
the sick swim, Thenne, doone of that, hem into water trie.
and the healthy *
QA Ther
sink. Again put *v* swymmeth seeke and hool adowne wol ; hie.
the good ones
under gravel, and Ayaine the goode under gravel be do,
try them thus
three times. And tried efte and thries preve hem so.
39.
You may
them
plant
quite se-
Hem that remain al sekur maist thou sowe.
curely. OAQ
Some ZD? Sumew in gravel hem and so kepe.
keep them in closeth,
gravel ; but they In lande and
do not like sandy solute softe uppe wol thai growe
land. Black earth
is and But as of gravel lande no thing thai kepe. 2
suitable,
carbuncle, and
ragstone well In sandy lande thai stande if that it wepe
broken.
Black erthe is apte, and londe carbunculyne,
And ragstoon all to rapte is for hem digne.
1
castanea. optant.
BOOK XII.] CHESTNUT TREES. -217
40.
northern aspect,
Thai loveth derk septentrion beholde, and do best in
well - prepared
280 And best in pastynated lande thai holde. land.
41.
42.
in
288 Transplantyng hem is best atte yeres two. Transplant
two years, make
gutters to keep
So gutteryng the water from hem shelve ; off the water,
which would de-
If water stande on hem thai beth fordo. stroy them. The
chestnut may be
Also this tree may pleched be him selve. propagated by
suckers. Prun-
292 Eke besily the yonge it is to delve. ing is growth to
them.
In Marche and September putacion
To chastens is incrementacion.
43.
Graft them in
Thai graffed beth in rynde, as I have preved, March. Inocu-
296 In Marche and in Aprille, and right wel do. lating is also suc-
cessful. Grafted
on willows they
Inoculing also in hem hath cheved. have an indif-
ferent flavour.
In saly if me graffe hem forth thai go. Keep them in
wicker baskets,
And ripeth late and tasteth not but so. or in sand laid
asunder.
300 Chasteynes kest in flakes me may kepe,
Or under sande asonder leyde to slepe.
218 TREATMENT OF APIARIES. [BOOK XIT.
44.
Others keep them And hem in erthen pottes doo,
other
in earthen pots,
or dry holes, or
beechen baskets,
Anddelveth hem in places that beth drie.
or they fold bar- 3Q4 In beechen baskettes men save also
ley-chaff round
them, or we may This with cley be stanche ywrie.
use thick baskets fruite, so thai
of and
sedge
cover them up.
Or smallest barly chaf aboute hem plie,
Or baskettes of segges me may use,
308 So thai be thicke, and save hem ther recluse.
45.
The wild pear is This moone in places (drie) and regions colde
now to be planted
for grafting; the
The piry wilde is sette ygraffed to be,
citron, olive,
pomegranate, to holde
service, medlar,
Citur, (and) Olyve, eke Pomgarnat
carob, mulberry, o i o The
cherry, fig, al- Serve, and Meddleler, and Silique tree,
mond, and wal- The Molbury, the Chery, and
nut are to be Fig-tree,
renewed.
Almandes, and Juglande in semynaire,
As crafte is taught beforne, is to repaire.
46.
The bee picks 316 Atte gynnyng of this moone of thamarike
some honey from
tamarisk,
which should be
etc., And other floures wilde useth the bee
left for their it be smal, sumdel to pike
winter store. Hony, though ;
Cleanse their
Thaire winter stoor is reson that it be.
hives now, for
it would harm
them to move
320 Now clensed alle thaire houses is to' se ;
them in winter.
For wynter moeving like is hem to harme.
But do this in a faire day and a warme. .
47.
Have them swept hem with
with a wing,
Let sweepe a wynge and with a penne,
pinion, or fea- Or fether of a foul there as an honde
ther of a fowl
where the hand not come to *
them.
A tegument of brom or such extende
Hem fro tempest and coldes to defende.
1
inde.
BOOK XII.l VINES, OIL. 219
48.
49.
And ther enclude a stoone eke olde uryne Throw four pints
;
of old urine
upon
340 Let cotuls nn aboute it helde at eve, it,and remove
the earth from
that the mois-
And alle the moulde aboute it to remeve, it,
ture may descend
to the roots :
That this licoure the rootes to descende, then put to it
earth and dung.
Eke ley to lande and dounge, and thai wol mende.
1
rancid.
220 OLIVES. [BOOK XII.
De condiensis olivis.
This month
olives are made
This moone made olyve in condyment
is ;
into preserves :
there are several That is dyvers Oon olyve columbare
:
olive is preserved
by sprinkling on And after that the pulioles are ;
alternate flakes
of olives penny- A flake on that hony and saltes rare,
royal, honey, and
a little salt. Or Or flake olyve and fenel graffes be
put thereon a
layer of olive and Theron or birche, or dile, or olif tree.
fennel cuttings,
or birch, or dill.
steep make a
crust
it,
Suche as unhurt beth taken from the tree,
upon it,
and fill up to the
brim.
Doon in and dreynt, a cruste upon it make,
And fille it to the brinke until it take.
- 3
muria. quantum manus utraque comprehendere possit. contunde.
NOTES.
verb, and which the adverb, it does not seem easy to determine.
4/94. The metre seems to require that Thater should here be
written in full " the water."
5/117. Sic in MS., but Clerces is more probably the right reading.
6/125. obeye unto, as in Chaucer, "to Nature obey," representing
the Latin dative.
Tale, "As keep me from the vengans of thilk yre." See mfrd,
9/226, etc.
7/160. Sic in MS., but selve is more probable.
"
Knyghtes, he seide, mykel I jow love,
I have jow holpen to joure above,
And more y wolde yff y hadde ought."
15
222 NOTES.
tween the lines they are by no means always the same words as are
:
used in the original. I do not find this name for the ash in the
Dictionaries or Glossaries.
that Horace would have written summus, not imus, vide Hor. Epist.
"
1.1. I had taken unus in connexion, not with liber," but with the
eyes, which (the balks being covered with mould) may easily
be
deceived, but trie it with your hand (which is a certainer proofe) by
thrusting downe a rod into the furrow, which if it pierce alike in
If it be
every place, it sheweth that the ground is well plowed.
shallow in one place & deepe in another, it declares the ground to be
evil handled in the plowing."
46/67. =so much will grow to thee.
46/77. In this, and other places, where the metre requires a mono-
syllable, one would have expected forwe.
See next line.
first letter, and low should have been given, without the (?), as the
explanation of " not
lough," longh.
52/231. It is strange that our word very should have established
itself as almost the sole representative of the intensive adverb. Our
Early English was much more copious in this respect; and "right"
and ful were often employed with good effect in this service right :
etiam pingui."
63/527. The old reading was fecundas for " infecundas."
64/86. The Aminean vine has its name from an old town of
Campania. Pliny says the bees gave their name to the Apianean.
66/153. There is a space left in the MS. for a word before "besi-
nesse" probably the word omitted is "better."
;
69/236. This line labours under some defect, but I cannot say
what it is.
unusual.
226 NOTES.
100/1088. i.e. over and above six consume or sell. Vide supra
1069.
100/1092. So in MS., instead of " wage."
100/1096. The meaning is, "let a basket made of palm-leaves
wine." The punctuation is wrong.
strain this
the word "ferme" occurs no less than three times at the end of lines;
and there are Latin words placed above to mark the difference of
serta, garlands,not serra. Pliny tells us that this was in order that
a kind of gnat, which was bred in the caprificus, might be induced to
suck out the moisture of the figtree, and so hasten its maturity.
127/641. Two syllables are wanting in MS. to complete the sense
and the metre, probably "leste wynde."
127/644. There should have been a stop at the end of line 643,
and again at nought, the sense being : "it is (necessary) to refuse
142/68. We
need not be surprised at the wrong done to the
quantity of the word crekwov.
NOTES. 229
his words seem rather to signify " approaching the fat rather than the
syllable is wanting.
" and " seems "
154/151. wanting in the MS. before yet."
157/218. "That" of the MS. should probably be "Take" at the
beginning of this line.
157/225. The hours which are here represented by the technical
names of the division of the day in A.S. times, in the original are
simply described by their number, as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. In the side-
=hymn.
167/90. This is Chaucer's phrase: he (jails Constance, in the Man
of Lawe's Tale, "the sely innocent." Spenser speaks of "a silly
lambe " becoming " the innocent prey " of a lyon in F. Q,., b. 1, c. 6.
168/129. There is in the MS. a faint tail to the end of well, which
may be meant for a y.
170/162. The in-riming of this epilogue is most extraordinary;
and in addition to the final rimes, every two lines are made to rime
together in the middle. The latter part is very obscure, and the
misprints make bad worse. In 1. 168 it should of course be Prince,
and /should be inserted before the first "mene." For " she mine
" " faust
ignorance compare 171/9. nygh" in line 169 I take it to be
=hard ly, as in Spenser, F. Q. 1, 12, 25, " Fast before the king" ;
and in F. Q. 2, 2, 37, " Fast by her side did sitt the bold Sansloy."
172/42. The translator has mistaken the meaning, if "fungous
NOTES. 231
"
are epithets of praise ; but perhaps he meant the contrary,
stronge
and referred * 'thereof" to dounge, not to cTiaf.
173/54.This notion of the rape and the cabbage refusing to land
at the same port is due to the translator.
178. Here again observe the lines riming in the middle as well as
at the end. In 213 "make" is Chaucer's word for writing poetry,
adopted from the Greek Troirjrrjs. In 216 " the Prince" occurs again.
I do not clearly see to whom he refers in 1. 217.
186/211. In we
again have the double rimes and the
this epilogue
same sentiment, but in language more easily intelligible. I have
bracketed the syllable " un " as unnecessary.
justify the rime with "atte end" in the line before. The phrase
generally means completely.
191/116. There is space left in the MS. for a word before " playne."
191/128. The MS. is here manifestly faulty. One would expect
it to be "
An&feede (i.e. food) it is to dust it ofte and weede."
In the
original we have "sarculari debet assidue, ut respergatur pulvere, quo
fovetur." In what follows the translator had the old reading nimis
instead of minus, which makes all the difference.
232 NOTES.
fruits, such as apples or pomes. Barnaby Googe shall tell what these
are. He " to be understood of all
says, Pomum, generally spoken, is
200/358. This plant, the Italian elover, should have been written
melilot quasi melle lotus. Gliciride, or rather glycyrize, sweet root, is
the liquorice.
A syllable is "
200/369. perhaps and before
wanting ;
clene."
probably, would not have had milder words for him than he bestowed
upon his own immortal "Adam Scrivener." This stanza is pro-
vokingly full of omissions, which it is impossible to supply. The
translator's freak this time is to make both the last and antepenult
syllables rime : with "might eterne," "honoure,
thus, "light superne"
" houre and " but
empire," with gire the fourth and sixth lines
;
limp terribly for want of their proper feet. Here again I fail to see
distinctly who it is saving whose brightness there is no star in our
hemisphere.
207/14. I have referred " Thei" to the harrowers; I fancy, how-
ever, from what follows, that it belongs rather to the beans. In v. 18
the MS. has the superfluous "n," which I have bracketed.
208/23. That is before sunrise for after the full moon, sun and
:
16
238 GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
" No
Home, closely, thoroughly, Kepe, v. to care, thing thai
147/192. kepe," nil curant, 216/270.
Honge, hang, 114/285. Kerve, carve, cut, 72/308.
Hoote, hotly, quickly, 179/7. Kirf, cutting, 8/190.
Hopre, seed basket, or measure, Kirtils, coats, 16/417.
" to doone to
186/43. Kitte, kytte, to cut,
Hoole, whole, wholesome, sound, kitte," to have cut, 151/67.
42/77. Konne, know, 208/26.
Home, hoof, 133/795. Ky, cow, 166/65.
Howe, to hew down, 151/60. Kyen, cows, 130/707.
Huls, to reap hastily, cum strepitu Kynde, kind or nature, 65/123,
metere, 160/56. 163/132, etc.
Husbonde, husbandman, 40/1080, Kytte, cut, 6/127.
43/1168, 75/593.
Hutte, clod, 60/188. Laak, fault, lack, 136/895.
Laier, vide Leir, from A.S. leger.
a. sing. -ade
unable,
able, a. sing. 9/221
blade, obj.
unprofitable, a. pi. 9/2 19 glade, inf. 85/676
a. pi.
unprofitable, spade, obi. 85/677
able a. sing. 9/2 21
fade, t/.
unable, a. sing. 9/222
glade, inf. 184/153
unvariable, a. sing.
glade, 0. pi.
able, a. sing. 14/355 made, pp. 78/346
profitable, 0. sing. 14/352
glade, inf.
blade, obj.85/674
-ace
fade, inf. 184/154
Armarace, 0J/. made, pp. 41/iii2, 66/156
place, obi. 210/83 slade, oil. 66/159
armorace, worn. spade, oil. 86/677
place, oil. made, ^.
difface, w/. glade, inf. 41/1113, G 6 /^ 8
place, oil. 66/142 glade, a. pi. 73/344
space, obi. 66/145 slade, 0W. 66/159, 177/176
place, obi. slade, 0W.
Armarace, obj. 210/84 glade, i/. 66/158
1
Strictly lefte should be the perfect tense ; leved or fo/if the perfect participle.
2 On this ryrae, irrespective of the flexion, compare stenes, dene, 1750, 1776 ; seche,
leches, 1550; confessours, socour, 1842; jorneies, seize, 220, etc., in the Kindheit Jesu,
from MS. Laud, 108, in Dr. Horstmann's AUenglische Legenden, 1875, p. xliii.
258 RYME INDEX.
Perhaps miswritten for denaye^ and that for denye, which gives a perfect ryme.
RYME INDEX. 259
faith, oil.
take, ^. 82/602
3 pres. sing. 197/276 brake, inf.
saith, v.
saith, v. 3 pres. sing. hony-onfake, olj. 178/197
forsake, imper.
faith, obi. 197/274
make, w/. 28/761
outake, imper. 28/758
ake
shake, w/ 168/128 ,
females, obj.
-ale males, obj. 180/721
males, obj.
avale, imper.
females, obj. 180/722
dale, 00>'. 204/481
tale is
smale, adj.pl. 204/478
avale, inf. femalys, nom. 167/97
female is
dale, 007.
177/172
hale,
malys, nom. 134/821
/. 177/i68
hale, m^r. 177/170
-alf
dale, 007.
avale, calf, oil.
177/173
hale, tmper. 177/170 half, adj. sing. 154/144, 154/145
vale, 007. 4/90 half, adj. sing.
150/42 halle is
^
Here the scribe, by writing alle instead of all, has made the ryme imperfect.
266 RYME INDEX.
%
hande, oil. 8/59, 86/965, 113/
-ane
258, 144/H5, 184/159
stande, v. 3 pi. pres. 99/1074, bane, worn. sing.
henbane, oil.
124/556 82/877
pane, oil.
stande, 80/550, 116/304,
inf. 82/879
124/ 5 67, 144/io 9 152/ 9 i,
,
henbane, oi.
184/158, 187/21 bane, nom. sing. 32/8 80
stande, v. sulj. pres. 107/94, pane, oW. 82/879
144/i i 8 pane, 0JZ.
bane, wow. sing. 32/88o
understands,^. 68/198
understands, inf. 62/26 henbane, oJ. 82/877
*yfond, pp. 62/2 3
sande, oil.
-ange ($00 -annge and -onge)
hande, oil.
18/343 lange, a. pi.
stande, inf. 97/1004 *elonge, v. 3 sing. pres. 4/89
stande, inf. strange, a. pi. 4/88
fande, pp. 80/551 strange, .
pi.
*fonde, pp. 47/103 *elonge, v. 3 sing. pres. 4/89
hande, oil. 86/678, 116/314, lange, a. pi. 4/86
118/271, 184/159 strange, a. sing.
land, oil. 8/200 channge, nom. 64/90
lande, nom. 2/17, 47/ioo, 113/
268, 123/534, 176/143
-anys
lande, olj. 106/56, 181/69 planys, oil.
lande, oil.
80/548, 116/302, tranys, olj. 94/921
124/566, 144/107, 152/90, *yslayne is, 94/922
184/156, 187/20 tranys, oi/.
transplannte, imper.
avannte, inf. 151/77 -arde (see -ardde)
transversannte, a. pi. adv.
downwarde,
chaunte, inf. 21/565
hardde, a. sing. 48/120
plesaunte, a. sing. 21/562 harde, a. sing.
harde, inf. 5 7/3 6 5
-ape harde, inf.
harde, a. sing. 57/367
escape, inf.
harde, a. pi.
grape, obj. 100/noi
upwarde, adv. 89/787
jape, nom. 100/1104
larde, obi.
sape, oil. 213/174
v. 3 pi. pres. rewarde, inf. 16/434
escape,
grape, obi. 8/190
rewarde, inf.
larde, obi. 16/433
escape, v. 3 subj. pres.
frape, inf. 202/418 upwarde, adv.
harde, a. pi. 89/785
grape, obj. 202/415
frape, inf.
-ardes (see -arde is)
escape, v. 3 subj. pres. 202/417
grape, 0J/. 202/415 hardes, obj.
1
Miswritten in MS. caire.
RYME INDEX. 271
-ateth
emplastrate, adj. pi.
enoculate, inf. 144/131 abateth, 3 pi. pres.
v.
4'7
-e (see -ee and -ie)
save, inf. 100/io86
shave, imper. 147/195 be, imper.
have, v. 3 sing. pres. fle,Spl.pr. 201/397
save, imper. 118/395 three, 0$'. _pZ. 200/378
stre, oil.
93/Sgo se, inf. 108/123, 198/313
112/223
stre, olj. se, v.Z sing. pres. 96/984, 189/52
summitee, oil. 112/240 see, inf. 146/178, 166/25
summyte, oil. 119/433 see, v. 2 sing. pres. 109/151
the, art. 181/741 the, r. 109/152
the, pron. 69/236 the, v. S pi. pres. 97/ioi2
the, inf. 111/21 6 three, a. pi. 72/324,
88/758,
thee, pron. 120/446 90/819, 153/io7
thre, adj. pi. 26/697, 46 /7 2 > tree, wow*. 96/956
109/143, 199/331 tree, oR 72/327, 86/711, 88/
three, num. 34/926, 186/170 760, 96/985, 97/ioi3, 108/
tre, num. adj. 142/72 113, 153/109
tree, nom. 68/394, 67/i8o, 209/ be, v. 3 j?J. pres.
be, subj. 72/326, 88/761, 90/ be, subj. 72/326, 86/709, 88/
818, 153/uo 761, 96/982, 97/ioiQ, 108/
be, v. 3 pi. pres. 47/94, 64/88, 115, 153/uo
67/179 be, v. 3 pi. pres. 120/465, 126/
be, v. 3 sing. pres. 142/67 633, 127/646, 161/ 9 4, 195/
quantitee, nom. sing. 116/334
se, imper. 196/252
222, 195/229, 2
242
W
2 37> 215/
demeene, oi/.
-eek (see -eke)
lene, a. sing. 68/58
eek, conj. sustene, inf. 63/6i
greek, nom. sing. 181/71 greene, a. jt?.
leek, nom. 14 8/102 bydene, adv. 8/184
greek, nom. sing. clene, <wfo. 68/388
eek, conj. 181/73 sustene, inf. 8/186
*eke, conj. 101/1141 leene, a. pi.
leek, nom. clene, atfc.
46/54
eek, conj. 143/ioo serene, a. pi. 46/53
meek, adj. pi. leene, a. sing.
seek, inf. 129/697 atwene, prep. 68/203
seek, adj. pi. clene, adv. 64/82
*seke, inf. 216/230 lene, a<fo. 48/123
seek, inf. meene, a. sing. 64/8 1
meek, adj.pl. 129/695 meene, obj. 48/124
speek, inf. meene, 0. sing.
*breke, inf. 126/627 clene, acfo. 64/82
*steke, pp. 126/625 leene, a. sing. 64/79
meene, 0J/.
creep, inf.
-eel (see -eU) fl^y.
deep, 87/727
eel, oi/. keep, t/ 127/652
weel, adv. 17/436 creep, v. 3 pi. pres.
*well, rfy. 17/439 deep, 47/86
.
pi.
weel, adv. deep, sm^. 11 1/191
<^'.
beest, oil.
-eepe (see -epe) *enfeste, v. 3 sing. pres. 88/891
-eine, -eyrie (see -ayne) -eire (see -ayer, -aire, -eir, and
-iere)
ayeine, adv.
greyne, obj. 179/7 appeire, inf.
reyne, obi. 77/442 *feir, 0. ;pJ. 62/42
bareyne, a. sing. eire, obi.
tweyne, a. pi.
167/83 *dispaire, obi. 39/1071
bareyne, a. pi. leire, obi. 3/52
refreyne, imper. 22/581 feire, .
^?/.
yelde is,
-ell (*** -eel)
feldys, obi. 9/217
Averell, oil.
-eldys (see -elde is) well, <wfo>. 140/6
catell, oil.
feldys, obi. <wfo.
well, 36/994
yelde is, 9/2 61
everidell, adv.
well, arfw.
88/617
-eldron (see -ildren) fenestell, oo7.
0<&>.
eldron, nom. well, 20/546
children, oil. vessell, oil.
26/713
eldron, oil. well, <&;. 121/490
clene, <&;.
127/655 unclene, a. sing.
clene, smy. 176/149
.
clene, a. sing. 2/34
grene, a. pi. 127/653, demene, imper. 5/95
lene, a. pi. 91/849, 122/522 mene, 0i. 4/93
sustene, inf. 176/152 lene, a. sing. 3/6o
serene, a. sing. rene, #. sing. 3/6 1
glene, inf. 128/529 unclene, .
^?.
lene, w/. 128/530 mene, 3 s. pres. 118/273
serene, a. pi. wene, v. 3 JP/. jt?r0s.
20
302 RYME INDEX.
violent, a. pi. 42
pestilent, a. pi. 12/307 kepe, inf. 78/474, 100/44
304 RYME INDEX.
whete, 0?rc.
trete, v. 3 ^?. j?rw.
bete, v. 3 ^>. ^>m. 204/495 gete, inf. 158/i8
gete, v. 3 ^. ^m. 158/2, 204/ swete, Vw/". 168/19
494 whete, 0W.
whete, obj. 158/5 mete, a. sing. 180/42
trete, subj. swete, subj. 18/486
gete, /. 87/742 wete, a. sing. 16/252
*greet, a. pi. 98/912 whete, obj.
hete, obi. 93/915 gete, v. 3 pi pres. 158/2
trete, imper. grete, inf. 159/25
grete, a. i^. 155/i8i hete, 007. 159/26
grete, a. pi.166/35 raete, oil. 159/35
mete, subj. 17 7/169 trete, v. 3 pi pres. 158/4
314 RYME INDEX.
frette, w/.
*greet, a. pi.
188/130 lette, inf. 56/354
mete, obi. 18 8/128 sette, w/. 56/352
grette, swy.
.
-iced (see
-ysed) asyde, 007.
wyde, a. pi.
crie, inf.
hide, imper. 86/717 drie, a. pi. 44/8
humyde, a. sing. 11 4/281 crucifie, inf.
syde, oil 06/979, 181/739 flie, obj. 82/864
wyde, adv. defie, inf.
syde, oil.
129/679 drie, 0. pi. 102/1157
syde, a. pi. 180/711 wrie, #2?0r. 102/1159
wride a. sing.
denye, inf.
abyde, v. 3 pi. pres. 51/2o8 drie, #. sm0r. 115/303
devyde, inf. 61/205 multiplie, inf. 115/305
destrie, inf.
-ides (see -ise is and -is is) drie, ^/. 172/26
.
1
A perfect ryme spoilt by the carelessness of the scribe.
2
Re&dputrijie.
RYME INDEX. 325
oil.
skye, plie, imper. 206/522
2
drie, imper. 82/603 purifie, 68/191
inf.
a. pi.
hie, 176/158 sie, inf. 198/326
trie, inf. 176/159 wrie, inf. 2 16/261
strie, obi. trie, inf.
drie, inf. 12 8/6 6 9 drie, ?. 3 pi. pres. 90/8o6
ywrie, pp. 128/667 drie, a. pi. 102/1163, 124/
strie, inf. 565
drie, a. sing. 172/37, 180/23 eye, obi. 80/541
drie, a. pi. 61/8 hie, a. pi. 124/564, 176/158
drie, inf. 114/289, 158/8 hie, adv. 180/708
multiplie, inf. 114/291, 172/40, instrie, imper. 180/37
180/25 multiplie, subj. 66/107
testacye, a. sing. multiplie, inf. 80/543
drie, imper. 166/190 reraedie, imper. 180/39
thrie, adv. signifie, inf. 66/109
drie, a. sing. 179/4 skye, obi. 176/156
espie, imper. 179/5 trie, pp.
multiplie, inf. 54/290 drie, v. 3 pi. pres. 218/169
trie, v. 3 pL pres. twye, adv.
deye, v. 3 ^>. _pm. 84/642 drie, obi. 182/777
die, subj. 188/937 hie, adv. 186/207
drie, w/. 210/92 multiplie, v. 3 pi. pres. 35 /
drie, a. sing. 68/261 95&
lie, v. 3 >. _pm. 68/264 multiplie, imper. 1
86/208
multiplie, w/. 84/641, 138/ remedie, nom. 86/954
936 undrie, inf.
trie, imper. drie, #. 1
my. 89/69
die, *wi/. 50/i 66 wrie, imper.
die, t/ 210/ioQ, 216/256 defie, aw/. 102/u6o
drie, v. 3 pi. pres. 216/247 drie, a. pi. 102/1157
drie, subj. 117/373 drie, inf. 18/345
drie, #. sing. 198/324 eye, wow. 104/i6
drie, a. pi. 64/274, 64/293, 108/ plie, imper. 104/i8
114 wrie, imper. 18/348
drie, *w/! 206/520 wrie, inf.
1
*enaye, subj. 60/163 drie, a. sing. 76/436, 166/184
frie, v. 3 pi. pres. 210/249 drie, a. pi. 6/141, 208/30
fructifie, 0. 3 j?Z. ^?m. 108/ espie, inf. 166/187
116 hie, imper. 208/32
fructifie, inf.190/84 hie, inf. 216/264
hie, adz;. 64/98, 117/375 husbondrie, worn. 76/439
hie, inf. 216/264 trie, WW. 216/263
multiplie, inf. 68/194, 210/103, wrie, #>.
216/254 fructifie, inf. 207/io
1
See note to enaye, p. 258. Bead putrijie.
326 RYME INDEX.
lifte, a. sing.
light, a. sing. 40/1084,
light, a. pi.
45/48 splenetyk, a. sing. 168/125
ydight, pp. 62/29 splenetyk, a. sing.
sight, nom. quyk, a. pi. 168/126
light, a. sing. 2/33
nyght, obj. 2/30 -ike, -yke (see -eke)
sight, oi/. Celtike, a. sing.
^
dight, inf. 28/753 epatike, a. pi. 200/361
smyke, obi. 200/362
sight, 0J/.
dight, imper. 18/509 ike, a. pi.
light, oiy. 19/506 Celtike, a. sing. 200/359
oil. smyke, obi. 200/362
myght, 28/754
upright, adv. galatike, a. sing.
like, #. *w0r. 45/32
downeright, adv. 86/970
like, v. 3 pL
pres. 45/33
myght, obi. 86/971
Indik, a. sing.
ydight, #p.
nom. 175/iog epatik, a. pi. 201/408
light,
mastic, obi. 201/410
nyght, obi. 1 75/107
like, a. sing.
right, adv. 62/31
galatike, a. sing. 45/30
like, v. 3 pi. pres. 45/33
-igne (*** -ynge, -yne)
rubrike, obi.
156/197
assigne, imper. like, a. pi.
medicyne, inf. 208/450 prike, inf. 135/858
reclyne, inf. 208/452 like, v. 3 ^?/. j!?r0s.
assigne, inf. galatike, a. sing. 45/30
1
^benynynge, a. sing. like, 0.
81/556 fw0r. 45/32
benygne, adj. rubrike, a. sing. 217/274
declyne, inf. 171/i8 like, subj.
vyne, obj. 17l/i6 prike, ww^r. 182/87
digne, a. sing. pike, w/.
canteryne, a. sing. 187/6 rubrike, oJ. 122/512
carbunculyne, a. seke, a. sing. 137/905
sing. 216/
272 thamarike, obi. 218/316
signe, nom. prike, imper.
vyne, obi.
174/go like, subf. 182/85
signe, obj. prike, w/.
obi.
vyne, 188/22 like, a. pi. 135/856
oil.
*squyle, 100/iuz
stille, ^y. 114/288 -in, -yn (see -yne, -ynne)
kille, inf. comyn, oil.
1
In this instance there can be no doubt that the correct reading is hipynes.
8 MS. nyde.
RYME INDEX. 333
1
Read benygne, which will give a perfectly good ryme.
2
Apparently we should read wynes in 1. 338.
3
In this instance there can be no doubt that the correct reading is lupynes.
22
334 RYME INDEX.
husbondyng, oil.
-ing, yng (see -inge, -ynge)
*kepynge, oil. 18/468
anything, oil. kytting, oil.
slevyng, obj. 67/163 growing, a. pi. 69/241
^springe, inf. 67/i66 oil.
likyng,
boring, obi.
*flynge, subj. 182/762
*bringe, inf. 97/1014
spryng, inf. 182/761
bring, inf.
everything, oil. l/i i meddissyng, pres. p.
housyng, oil.
l/g
spryngyng, oil. 29/798
chillyng, a. sing. pastynyng, obj.
uphinge, inf.
[s]prynge, 3 s. pres.
brynge, v. 3 pi. pres. 186/897 *connyng, obj. 178/214
*gynnyng, nom. 178/212
springe, v. 3 pi. pres.
*spryng, w/. 178/215
springe, inf. 194/2io
vessellinge, obi.
tothinge, obi. 25/665
boilynge, obj. 118/411
sprynge, v. 3 pi. pres.
wrynge, obi. 118/408
durynge, obj. 210/98 wanynge, obi
flynge, v. 2 s. pres. 151/56
smellinge, a. sing. 89/778
*pastynyng, obj. 151/72 waterynge, obj.
sowynge, nom. 151/75 sprynge, subj. 109/139
springe, imper. watermynge, pp.
brynge, inf. 99/1070 synge, inf. 94/941
sprynge, imper. wattrynge, imp. p.
*chillyng, a. sing. 98/1045 mynge, imper. 119/419
graffinge, obj. 98/1047 wedynge, obi.
wyse, oil.
173/64
rise, sulj. 192/141
suffice, inf. 99/1065
arise, inf.
gise, oil.
devyse, v. 3 pi. pres. 86/941
gise, oil 87/746, 172/28
arise, w/ 87/744, 172/27
gyse, nom. 46/68 aryse, m/. 177/177
assise, imper. 177/i8o
wyse, oil. 46/65, 87 /747
aryse, inf. wyse, 007. 87/747
assise, imper. 177/1 80 gyse, wow, 1
3 suffise, inf.
suffise, v. s.
pres. 188/117
wise, n. pi. 95/958 devise, imper. 178/194
0. 1 s. alite, adv.
devysed, pt.
condite, pp. 1 23/5 2 6
sufficed, pp. 61/2O
appetite, nom.
-iseth (see -iceth) delite, nom. 57/360
3 lite, a. sing.
22/576
aviseth, v. s. pres.
lite, adv. 26/688
sufficeth, v. -3 s. pres. 140/15
white, 0.^2. 22/579, 26/691
astite, 00V.
-ise is (see -ides, -is is)
delite, 0J. 16/407
gise is ^ bite, subj.
avis is, 86/992 00V. 181/58
lite,
^besides, adv. 86/991 white, a. pi. 181/6i
-is is (see -ides, -ise is) bite, inf.
avis is
lite, 0.^. 42/1157
smyte, tw/". 42/n6o
^besides, adv. 86/991
white, 0. ^. 26/703
gise is, 86/989 condite, #p.
alite, 00V. 123/528
-ysse (see -is) delite, nom.
mysse, nom. appetite, nom. 57/358
*this, pron. 11/281 delite, obi.
astite, adv. 16/409
-ist -iste)
respite, inf. 10/256
list, 3 s. pres. white, a. pi. 10/257
list, v. 3 pi. pres. 5 2/2 20 delite, v. 3 pi. pres.
list,impers. pres. elite,pp. 186/872
impers. pres. 52/2 1
list, 8, 52/2 2 o lite, a. pi.
53/253
*triste, imper. 69/224 elite, pp.
wist, imper. 40/1103 delite, v. 3 pi. pres. 186/870
wist, $?. 40/i 104 lite, 0. tny.
wist, imper. appetite, worn. 22/579
list,impers. pres. 40/i 101 quyte, w/. 8/196
wist, #p. 40/1104 white, a. pi. 22/578, 81/834
342 RYME INDEX.
1
P y[]o (enough, sufficiently), but see Glossary.
RYME INDEX. 345
jointe, obi.208/47
pointe, obi. 208/44 -olde is (see -oldes)
serjointe, pp. molde is
bolde, a. sing.
117/383 106/ 7 6, 124/568, 131/742,
folde, imper. 88/774 152/86, 164/15, 218/ 3 o 9
folde, inf. 1 80/33 colde, obj. 64/78
holde, subj. 12/297 colde, obi. 3/41, 135/848
348 RYME INDEX.
24/658
cole, inf. 44/13
wole, 3 pi. pres.
v.
holde, imper. 180/715
woolle, obi. 167/79
holde, Mjf. 131/746, 137/923
fulle, obi. 167/8 1
overfolde, pp.
colde, fl.j0?. 20/522
-olle ($00 -ulle)
holde, m/. 20/520
sholde, v. 3 pres. s. wolle, obj.
holde, '/. 69/222 fulle, 0W. 154/140
RYME INDEX. 349
(see -on,
stoon, 0i/. 192/142
agoon, inf. *stoone, oi;'. 17/450
stoon, 007. 166/195 oon, v. S pi. pres.
anoon, adv.
*stoone, oil. 27/737
goon, we/". 74/360
togoon, inf. 27/740
*goone, swoy. 86/949
stoon, oil.
*ichone, ^row. 86/947
agoon, inf. 166/196
oon, .
srn^. 46/62
doon, inf. stoon, olj.
n. pi.
corne, olj. 37/996
wormys,
worme lorne, pp. 87/999
is, 188/946
borne, #p.
-orn (see -orne) aforne, adv. 49/135, 74/372,
aforn, adv. 148/220
corne, 00^. 68/198
born, pp. 162/i 1 6
lorn,pp. 162/1 1 7
lorne, ^.
68/201
thorne, oil.
scorn, nom. 32/868 148/223
beforn, adv.
*torn,^. 49/137
lorn, pp.
*upborn, pp. 148/225
29/796
corne, oo/.
thorn, obi. 29/793
beforne, adv. 99/io8i
upborn,^?. 206/538
borne, pp. 68/200
born, pp.
lorne, pp. 7/162, 68/201
aforn, adv. 162/114
lorn, pp. 162/117 corne, olj.
lorn, pp. beforne, adv. 25/663
aforn, adv. 162/114 borne, inf. 37/998
beforn, adv. 29/795 lorne, #p. 25/662, 87/999
born, pp. 162/i 1 6 lorne, #p.
thorn, oil. 29/793 beforne, adv. 25/663, HO/io
scorn, nom. borne, w/. 37/998
aforn, adv. 82/867 borne, pp. 68/200
thorn, oil. corne, olj. 2 5/6 60, 87/996
beforn, adv. 29/795 corne, 0o. 7/164,
68/198
lorn, pp. 29/796 yshorne,^?. 140/12
upborn, pp. scorne, n. pi.
*aforne, adv. 148/220 turne, inf. 154/146
beforn, adv. 206/539 thorne, oil.
*borne,^>. 148/222 aforne, adv. 148/2 20
beforne, adv. 81/569
-orne (see -orn, -ourne, -urne)
borne, #?. 148/222
aforne, adv. torne, pp. 81/572
borne, pp. 49/i 3 8, 74/ 734 , 148/ *upborn, ^?. 148/225
222 torne, pp.
thorne, oil.
148/223 aforne, adv. 49/135
tome, pp. 49/137 beforne, adv. 81/569, 161/79
*upborn, #p. 148/225 borne, pp. 49/138
364 RYME INDEX.
vermyculose, a. sing.
216/227
-orne is (see -ornys) nebulose, a. sing.
24
366 RYME INDEX.
pounde, oil.
118/412 spronge, pp. 125/584 180/24,
pounde, obj. 18 8/120 dounge, nom.
stounde, obi. yonge, a. pi. 28/759
dounge, obj.
grounde, obi. 180/46
ygrounde, pp. 180/47
amonge, adv. 107/ioo
flonge,pp. 17 9/i i
unbounde, adv.
obi.
longe, a. sing. 192/134
grounde, 158/zo
stronge, a. pi. 107/io2
wounde, obj.
wronge, obj. 179/12
feconde, inf. 71/275
wronge, pp. 50/185
founde, pp. 71/277 dounge, obi.
grounde, obi. 70/2 6 1 amonge, prep. 67/164
rounde, a. sing. 70/264
clonge, a. sing. 55/319
y founde, pp. 153/126 longe, oil. 195/238
wounde, obi.
longe, inf. 87/745
abounde, subj. 188/48 longe, a. sing. 94/927, 96/994,
confounde, v. 3 pi. pres. 107/ 115/3io, 138/949
89 longe, a. pi. 84/662
enrounde, inf. 22/590 longe, adv. 55/320, 116/332
grounde,#p. 22/593 stronge, a. sing. 51/201, 51/215
grounde, oil. 70/259, 102/H55, umbiyonge, v. 3 pi. sing. 51/214
107/86 umbiyonge, inf. 119/437
yfounde, pp. wronge, adv. 115/312
wounde, obj. 153/125 yonge, a. sing. 214/196
RYME INDEX. 369
1
Printed second is.
RYME INDEX. 371
180/45
11,142/62,213/184,216/269
sowe, pp. 143/iQi, 179/8
knowe, inf. 80/530
ysowe, pp. 148/87
overblowe, pp. 30/8o8
overgrowe, pp. 9/220 throwe, inf.
slowe, a. pi. 82/607 growe, v. 3 pi. pres. 81/578
strowe, imper. 213/187 sowe, imper. 180/38
thro we, inf. 7/175
sowe, inf. 7/155
throwe, pp. 142/6i, 179/2O sowe, j^. 45/43, 81/576, 184/
141
sowe, pp.
throwe, JPJJ.
bestowe, imper. 160/67
growe, inf. 142/62, 181/6s, 183/
blowe, sulj. 187/3
no, 184/137, 192/i 5 2
growe, v. 3 j9/. pres. 122/504,
lowe, atft?. 183/107
165/30, 187/8, 193/i83, Bl/
sowe, inf. 142/59, 179/21
578
growe, wJ/. 108/131
sowe,^. 181/67, 184/135, 191/
125
growe, */ 7/165, 62/2 4 ?9/5 1 1,
,
v. 3 pi. pres.
humme, subj. 162/124
pursue,
*some, nom. 162/I2I
eschewe, inf. 84/923 summe, a. pi.
-ned gumme, obj. 215/245
hued, pp. -unde (see -ounde)
hued, pp. 133/8o8, 133/8ii infecunde, a. pi.
skued, pp. 133/8io *abounde, v. 3 pi. pres. 25/669
skued, pp-. *rounde, a. pi. 25/670
hued,j^. 133/8o8, 133/8n
-under (see -onder)
-uge
under, adv.
huge, adv. asonder, adv. 11/269, 39 /io58,
ruge, n.pl. 130/704 49/144, 53/272, 92/882, 144/
ruge, n. pi. 116
huge, adv. 130/702 sonder, adv. 30/799
-ulle (see -ole, -olle) sender, v. 3 pi. pres. 49/145
thonder, subj. 111/203
fulle, a. pi.
-lire
wolle, sulj. 29/1067
fulle, adv. admysure, obi.
Printed peres.
RYME INDEX. 377
Printed peres.
378 RYME INDEX,
refuse, imper.
-ured
excuse, imper. 215/229
endured, pp.
excuse, w/. 215/226
pured, pp. 220/360 refuse, 'w/.
pured, pp. use, w/. 201/398
endured, pp. 220/358 use, tM/1
-urle (see -orle) excluse,^. 217/278
infuse,^. 198/321
hurle, inf.
recluse, oi;'. 218/308
thorle, imper. 175/132
refuse, v. 3 pi. pres. 217/277
-urne (see -orne) refuse, inf. 201/399
turne, inf.
-used
scorne, n. pi. 154/147
-US excused, pp.
n. used, pp. 16/421
Apuleius, pr.
used, pp.
thus, adv. 34/920
Radius, n. pr. excused,^. 16/423
thus, adv. 77/459
us, pron. 77/460 -useth
thus, <wfo.
enfuseth, v. 3 s. pres.
Apuleius, n. pr. 84/918
useth, v. 3 s. pres. 181/50
Radius, nom. pr. 77/457
useth, v. 3 s. pres.
US, _2?r0?l. 77/46O
us, j^row.
enfuseth, v. 3 s. pres. 181/52
slips under their proper heads and the seeing the sheets through
the press.
In carrying out the notice printed at the beginning of the ryme
index as to incorrect or apparently incorrect rymes, the scribe's spelling
was taken as the criterion. Experience, however, has convinced me
that this was a mistake, for his extreme carelessness and his inconsist-
l
ency in the use of the final -e have completely spoilt many ryrnes
1
At the same time it is only fair to the scribe to draw attention to Mr. Lodge's
note at the beginning of the text, as it is quite possible that the curls or nourishes
which he has disregarded in printing the text, may really have been "marks of
contraction," and have represented, in some cases at least, a final -e. Moreover, it will
he seen from Mr. Lodge's Corrigenda that the omission of the final -e is in many
cases the fault of neither the author nor the scribe. The existence of this list of
corrections was unfortunately not known to me until the greater number of the
sheets of the Ryme Index had passed through the press, and its discovery necessitates
some alterations in the Index which will be found pointed out at the end of
Mr. Lodge's list.
380 NOTE ON THE RYME INDEX.
INTRODUCTION.
Professor Zupitza has pointed out in Sir Guy; they are remains of
the old genitive construction, of which numerous instances might be
adduced.
Page xiv. Adjective with -es in the plural. This appears very
doubtful; clennes is not the plural of clean, but the noun cleanness.
0. French eschiu,
" Eschevt
; eschewed, shunned, avoided." Cotgrave.
Page xv. Bette and mo are distinct from letter and more in Old
English.
Page xvii. -liche is not the original form of -ly ; they are inde-
Page xviii. It is not that to has been " omitted before the infinitive,"
it not be the intensitive use of the prefix to ? See the note to 4/74.
mean where.
NOTES. 381
Mr. Lodge has entirely omitted to point out that the translator's
is full of Latin constructions; and that in
English consequence the
word-order, etc., are frequently quite unnatural. A large proportion,
too, of the words are Latin.
NOTES.
was no doubt silent." Just the speech in which we know, from the'
1 6th century grammarians, that it was not silent.
" "
15/402. Yo; query if not a scribal error for yno, sufficiently.
18/463. Grece (plural of gre, a step) is in Richardson, with several
examples. Greece in Bacon is one.
varied with the spelling." Rather the spelling varies with the pro-
nunciation.
"
Page 225 :
69/236. Mr. Nicol proposes to read " maketh the
(whence English aim) and is not old Teutonic at all. What harme
;
GLOSSARY.
COEKIGENDA.
"
quas ant incuria fudit
Aut humana parum cavit natura."
He can only point them out, and beg the benignant reader to amend
them with his pen. Many of them relate to the final e. B. L.
14/366, sette.
15/400, ygrounde.
17/446, lete.
20/525, goode.
20/528, eschewe.
21/562, faate.
22/577, askes.
22/594, grounde.
25/678, bespronge.
27/723, maner.
44/7, alle.
67/188, ,,
ende.
46/65, so.
72/308, kerve.
1
17/378, ,,
in this instead of or 152/104, enlyne.
119/441, handes. 153/128, lupynys.
120/445, ytildws^0/and 155/166, ,, dele- semicolon.
herbe.
179/2, read humoure.
180/22, atte. 196/258, read ryvullynge.
180/34, remove comma to 196/261, and.
" comma at "
come," in next line. 197/275, place af-
probable errors, are printed as in the MS., e.g. oons, 114/293 ; ons,
Page 260, 1.
17, the footnote refers to the heading ayne is.
Page 286, col. 1, under heading -een for atween read atwene, dele
the asterisks, and transfer to p. 298, col. 2, under the heading
-ene.
,, 334, col. 2, for tyllyng read tyllynge, dele the asterisks and
transfer top. 336, col. 2.
,, 332, col. 1, under lupyne, oil., dele fyne is, and wynys and
footnote t.