UNIT I

PEMOVEN (MOVEMENTS
ENHANCEMENT)

INTRODUCTION

Movement Enhancement is one of the important course to develop and understand the
scientific basic movements to help the students to be aware of physical literacy, which is help
an individual to move competently and confidently in all types of environments and this
course is being prepare the students for the advance learning movement.

UNIT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, the learners must be able to:

1. Introduce the basic anatomy, physiology and the parts of the skeletal system
2. Can explain the Science of Human Movements
3. Differentiate the type of stretching

Getting Started
HOW IMPORTANT IS MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT

The fundamental movement skills to be developed through Health and Physical Education include:
locomotor and non-locomotor skills and creates functional and comprehensive training programs for
any athlete in any sport and the success by training the body that it was intended to move and creating
strategies that improve movement patterns, not just individual muscles.

The Science of Human Movement

The human body movements is movement is a movement of a body

segment toward the midline of the body. Circumduction is a
movement where the joint is the pivot and the body segment moves
in a combination of flexion, Extensions, adduction and abduction.
The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is
determined by its structural type.
While the socket joint gives the good range of movement at the
individual joint.
Movement kinds are generally paired, with the opposite side of the
other.
Body movements are described in a relation to the anatomical
position of the body.
Upright stance, with supper limbs to the other side of the body and
palms facing forward.
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TWO COMPONENTS OF THE BODY THAT CAUSE HUMAN BEINGS TO

Skeletal System
The skeleton provides a strong, internal framework that supports the body, and provides
protection for vital organs. These bones meet and joints the majority of which are freely
movable, making the skeleton flexible and mobile.

Functions of the Skeletal System

o Physiological Functions
1. Provide a site for blood formation
2. Serves a storehouse for calcium which are essential for nerve conduction,
blood clotting and energy formation
3. Play a role in our immune function
o Structural Functions
1. Give supports to the body
2. It protects the delicate organs of the body
3. Bones are rigid lever of locomotion
o Skeleton is divided into two groups
1. Appendicular Skeleton- which is composed of the upper extremity and lower
extremity
2. Axial- which is composed of the skull, ribs trunk, vertebral column, and pelvic.
o Factors Influencing Bone Health
1. Heredity- is an important determinant of bone mass density (BMD), this is a
limiting factor on the amount of (BMD) an individual can attain.
2. Nutritional Status- nutrition is important in maintaining bone health. Calcium is
important nutrient for the bones mass.
3. Hormonal Status- the hormone oestrogen plays an important role in attaining bone
mass. While the female can develop a lower peak bone mass than females with
regular monthly period. Acceleration on the rate of bone loss is also likely happen
on menopausal women due to loss of oestrogen.

Kinds of Muscle Fiber

Muscles are the exert forces thus are the major contributor to human movement.
Muscles are used to hold a position, to raise or lower a body part, to slow down a fast
moving segment, and to generate great speed in the body or in an object that is
propelled on the air. The muscles only has the ability pull and creates a motion because
it crosses a joint.
Muscles Tissues Properties
Four Properties of Muscle Tissues
1. Irritability – is the ability to respond to stimulus.
2. Contractility – is the ability of the muscles to generate tension and shorten
when it receives sufficient stimulation.
3. Extensibility – is the muscles ability to lengthen, or stretch beyond the
resting the resting length.
4. Elasticity – is the ability of the muscles fiber to return to its resting length
after the stretch is removed.
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Functions of Muscles
1. Produce Movement
• Skeletal Movement is created as muscle actions generate tensions that
are transferred to the bone. The resulting movements necessary for
locomotion and other segmental manipulations.
2. Maintain Postures and Positions
• Muscle action of a lesser magnitude is used to maintain postures. This
muscle activity is continuous and results in small adjustments as the
head is maintained in position and the body weight is balanced over
the feet.
3. Stabilize Joints
• Muscles action also contribute significantly to stability of the joints.
Muscles tension are generated and applied across the joints via the
tendons, providing stability where they cross the joint.
4. Other Functions
• Muscles support and protect the visceral organs and protect the
internal tissues from injuries.
• Tension in the muscles tissues can alter and control pressures
within the cavities
• Skeletal muscles contributes to the maintenance of body
temperature by producing heat.
Three types of Muscles in the Body
1. Skeletal muscles- Voluntary muscles, attached to the bones of
skeleton
2. Smooth Muscles – Involuntary muscles,
hollow organs like a small intestines and
blood vessels
3. Cardiac Muscles- Involuntary muscle, heart

MUSCLES REGION OF THE

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BODY REGIONS

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Head and Nick Region

▪ Head houses the brain and major sense
organs; framework ofthe face.
Trunk (or torso)
▪ The central part of the body
2 sections
1. Thorax
2. Abdomen
Upper Extremities
3 Regions
▪ Arm
▪ Forearm
 ▪ Hand
Lower Extremities
▪ Thigh
▪ Leg
▪ Foot
Orientations/Directions
▪ Superior- above or towards the head
▪ Inferior- below or toward the lower part of the body
▪ Anterior – towards the front of the body
▪ Posterior- towards the back of the body
▪ Medial- at or nearer to the center plane or
in the inner side of the body
▪ Lateral- away from the centred plane of the body
▪ Proximal- nearer to the centred of the body
▪ Distal- father the center of the body

RANGE OF

Types:
1. Active Range of Motion- limb is actively moved, with muscle contraction
2. Passive Range of Motion – Limb is passively moved, no muscles
contraction
Spinal
Column
o Flexio
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o Extension
o Lateral Flexion
o Rotation
Shoulder Girdle
o Abduction
o Adduction
o Depression
o Elevation
Elbow Joint
o Pronation
o Supination
o Flexion
Wrist Joint
o Flexion
o Extension
o Adduction
o Abduction
o Circumduction
Hip Joint
o Flexion
o Extension
o Adduction
o Later Rotation
o Medial Rotation
o Abduction
Knee Joint
o Flexion
o Extension
Ankle Joint
o Inversion
o Eversion
o Dorsi Flexion
o Plantar Flexion

FOUR BASIC MOVEMENTS IN

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1. Flexion- Bending of the body segment

2. Extension- straightening of body segment
3. Abduction-moving a limb away from the body
4. Adduction- moving the limb toward the body
Flexibility Movement

Shoulder: Abduction
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Knee: Flexion
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Ankle: Dorsi Flexion

Plantar Flexion

Trunk: Flexion
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Skill/Performance: Agility
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1. Passive assisted stretching – Partner assisted stretch

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2. Static stretching – technique is widely used and effective

techniques of stretching. This technique involves passively
stretching a given antagonist muscle by placing it in a maximal
position of stretch and holding it there for an extended time at
least 3-6 seconds. The best way to improved flexibility is to do it
progressively.
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3. Ballistic Stretch- involves a explosive, bouncing, rhythmic

movement of a specific part of the body.

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