TOPIC : ENERGY EFFICIENCY
In India, 30 to 40% of all primary energy is used in buildings
The main AIM of energy efficient building is to produce buildings with a minimum of environmental impact
Plays a major role in minimizing overall energy consumption and cost
Around the world, the private and business divisions utilize 2,589 Mtoe (Mega tonnes of oil equivalent) in
energy, which represents very nearly 40% of final energy use on the planet
OBJECTIVE
To modulate the condition such that they are always within or as close as possible to comfort zone
Increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside
buildings, assure that the upward trend in energy demand will continue in the future
For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at regional, national
and international levels
THE NEED
•There are many motivations to improve energy efficiency. Decreasing energy use reduces energy costs and may
result in a financial cost saving to consumers if the energy savings offset any additional costs of implementing an
energy-efficient technology.
•Reducing energy use is also seen as a solution to the problem of minimizing greenhouse gas emissions
According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes
and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third, and help control global
emissions of greenhouse gases.
• And most of the countries are about to face coal crisis, A sharp uptick in power demand as the economy
recovers from the Covid-19 pandemic coupled with supply issues have led to the current coal shortage. India
consumed 124 billion units of power in August 2021 compared to 106 billion units of power in August 2019
which was not impacted by the pandemic.
SEM: 9TH
ISSUE STUDY
BENEFITS
• From the point of view of an energy consumer, the main motivation of energy efficiency is often simply
saving money by lowering the cost of purchasing energy.
• Additionally, from an energy policy point of view, there has been a long trend in a wider recognition of
energy efficiency as the "first fuel", meaning the ability to replace or avoid the consumption of actual
fuels.
• In fact, International Energy Agency has calculated that the application of energy efficiency measures in
the years 1974-2010 has succeeded in avoiding more energy consumption in its member states than is
the consumption of any particular fuel, including oil, coal and natural gas.
METHODOLOGY
•To reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services and can also reduce effects of
air pollution.
•For example, insulating a building allows it to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and
maintain a thermal comfort.
•Installing light-emitting diode bulbs, fluorescent lighting, or natural skylight windows reduces the amount
of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light
bulbs.
•Improvements in energy efficiency are generally achieved by adopting a more efficient technology or
production process or by application of commonly accepted methods to reduce energy losses.
SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE
3PD17AT062
LITRATURE STUDY Phase 2: Energy management focus – 1981-1993
• This period saw the development of energy management as a separate recognised discipline and the rise of full
Introduction time Energy Managers.
• The UK Government through the Department of Energy supported regional Energy Managers groups which
The management of energy and improving energy efficiency has long been important for industry and were an excellent way of spreading information, sharing resources and improving standards. The term energy
commerce. In the 1790s Boulton and Watt’s steam engines produced competitive advantage because they management started to replace energy conservation.
were more fuel efficient . • Models of effective energy management were developed and widely implemented.
• A consensus on what energy management was started to emerge.
In looking back four distinct phases can be identified:
Phase 3: Energy procurement focus – 1993 – 2000
Phase 1: 1973 – 1981 – “energy conservation phase” • In this period energy management as a discipline entered a decline which came about as a result of two factors,
Phase 2: 1981 – 1993 – “energy management phase” the reduction in real prices bought about by privatisation of the utilities, and general corporate down sizing.
Phase 3: 1993 – 2000 – “energy procurement phase” • As energy prices declined in real terms, and opportunities for effective purchasing strategies were opened up
Phase 4: 2000 – 2010 – “carbon reduction phase” by market liberalisation, most of the attention on energy shifted purely to purchasing.
• Greater savings with less risk could be made through more effective purchasing than through implementing
In looking at the present time and projecting forward two additional phases are identifiable or foreseen. energy efficiency projects.
• Many energy managers were made redundant or transferred into other jobs and many large organizations
Phase 5: 2010 –2020 – “energy efficiency phase” which had been pioneers of energy management started to lose ground.
Phase 6: 2020 – 2030 – “efficiency as a resource phase”
1993 – 2000: Major energy events and headlines:
1994: competition for < 100kW electricity market
Phase 1: Energy conservation focus – 1973 – 1981 1998: domestic gas liberalisation and competition for < 100 kW electricity market
• Phase 1, between 1973 and 1981, was characterised by the “save it” mentality and a crisis response to
sudden increases in energy prices and problems with energy supplies caused by the oil shocks, a result
of geopolitical drivers. Energy conservation was the usual description of the activity. Phase 4: Carbon reduction focus – 2000 – 2010
• In this period in the UK the climate change agenda became a major focus for individuals and organizations. In
the UK the Climate Change Levy (CCL) and the various Negotiated Agreements came into effect.
• CCL made energy a high level issue again as energy prices rose and many companies make clear commitments
to reduce consumption, and faced penalties for failure to do so.
• Government activity in energy efficiency was outsourced (or some would say given away) to programmes run
by the Carbon Trust. The UK government introduced feed-in tariffs for renewable energy sources.
• In 2008, before the full effects of the financial crisis became clear and amidst a rash of concern about oil
peaking and resource pressures, the oil price hit a record $147/barrel.

• In this phase there was usually a shallow approach with wide variation in approach between
practitioners and few common techniques.
• Much effort was put into exhorting staff to “switch off” through the use of stickers over light switches
and posters – probably with limited effect.
• Many companies appointed Energy Managers who typically were engineers, often an engineering
manager took on the energy role in addition to their normal job. A few organizations appointed
accountants or purchasing staff as energy managers but this was unusual.
1973 – 1981: Major energy events and headlines:
1973: OPEC quadruples price of oil
1979: Iranian revolution leads to second oil price rise
•
Phase 5: Energy efficiency focus – 2010 – 2020
From about 2010 policy interest in energy efficiency started to grow globally. There was increasing recognition of
the role that energy efficiency could play in meeting climate targets as well as the scale of the economic
opportunity efficiency presents. The IEA said that efficiency is the first fuel, whereas back in the 1980s it was the
fifth fuel.
In the last couple of years the value of non-energy benefits such as increased sales, increased health and well-
being, as well as macro-benefits such as job creation have been recognized but have only just started to be valued.
The value and importance of non-energy benefits need to be further recognized by energy efficiency professionals,
as well as the added value they can bring to an investment things like increased sales or increased health and well
being of employees and customers are far more strategic to organizations than just energy saving – and therefore
far more likely to get a project approved than the payback on energy savings alone.

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
1.KINETIC FOOTPATH
“an ecosystem to generate electricity from footsteps” PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

INTRODUCTION • A piezoelectric element like PZT, PVDF, etc., is used as transducer.

• It converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy upon stepping on the floor tile.
• To innovate alternative electricity power for their usage. • Charges which can be siphoned off.
• In Architectural construction field, we are introducing a energy conserving technology as a
replacement for tiles. MAGNETIC TRANSDUCER
• The idea later named as Pavegen technology.
• Transducer comprises a magnetic element and a conductive element.
WHY PAVEGEN TECHNOLOGY • One of the elements is movably coupled to the floor surface.
• When a pressure is applied on the floor surface.
• Pavegen is a technology that has been developed by paving slab tiles to convert energy from people’s • The conductive element cuts the magnetic flux .
footsteps into electric power. • So current is induced in the conductive element
• These floor tiles generate electricity through the deformation of the material under a load.
• The technology converts the kinetic energy to electricity. MICRO-GENERATORS
• It can be stored and used for a variety of applications.
• The Pavegen technology offers the first tangible way for people to engage with renewable energy • It is mechanical arrangement viz. hydraulic, pneumatic and spring.
generation. • Then a force acts on the floor surface.
• A rotor of a micro-generator arranged in the floor tile is driven by the mechanical arrangement.
• Electricity is generated.

STATIC CAPACITOR

• A capacitor is formed in the floor tile.

• One layer is coupled to the tile surface through springs.
• By pressing the tile surface, the gap between the layers is altered.
• Charges are induced in the layers.
• These charges can be extracted and connected to an external circuit.

ADVANTAGES

• These tiles can be used indoors or outdoors in high traffic areas, and generates electricity from pedestrian footfall.
APPLICATIONS IN OUR PROJECT • If we implement this technology, we can supply the power to grids such as pedestrian lighting.
• Tiles are completely Renewable & Eco friendly technology.
• This idea can be implemented in the floors of crowded places as footpaths etc. • We can reduce approximately 6.817 tons of excessive CO2 every day emissions by tiles into atmosphere, by using
• Stairs can be also used for production of energy by mere walking. Pavegen technology.
• In our project mainly used for street lights and for some of the small food stalls electricity generation • The top surface is built entirely of recycled material
• Harvesting human power to produce energy is best practice in order to fulfill the energy demand. To reduce the
TYPES OF FLOOR MECHANISM global warming caused while using traditional carbon fuels.
• Piezoelectric effect. • Less maintenance cost. • It is waterproof and damp proof.
• Magnetic transducers.
• Micro-generators.
• Static capacitors.

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
2.ENERGY GENERATING GYM EQUIPMENTS

• As the project “REDEVELPOMENT OF YADGIR SPORTS COMPLEX” is related to fitness and health, the gyms and G516 IN DOOR CYCLE
fitness clubs to be given there are also provided with the excise equipment that can generate energy. More SportsArt’s ECO-POWR™ Status line is the embodiment of
then it consumes. design, technology, sustainability, and cardiovascular
• Here are some of the equipment that are to be provided in the fitness clubs and gyms which can generate excellence. The sleek angles and premium features combine
energy. with state-of-the-art energy generating technology to
produce an engaging workout that users can feel good about.
G6 6 0 TREAD M I LL The G516 Indoor Cycle features intuitive adjustment points, a
clear LCD console to track workout metrics, and a color-
SportsArt’s ECO-POWR™ Elite line is the
changing LED display that indicates workout intensity.
embodiment of design, technology,
sustainability, and cardiovascular KEY FEATURES
excellence. The sleek angles and practical • ECO-POWR™integrated inverter
features combine with state of the art • Electronic resistance control with emergency stop lever
energy generating technology to produce • 6-colored LED light console indicates workout intensity
an engaging workout users can feel good • Dual-sided SPD pedals
about. The G660 treadmill features unique • Fore and aft adjustment on seat and handlebars
non-motorized
technology and a smart braking system that SPECIAL FEATURES

delivers an intuitive and effective workout

experience.

KEY FEATURES
• ECO-POWR™ integrated inverter
• Toggle controls
• Non-motorized technology Connect Multiple Units Standard Outlet

DETAILS
TECHNICAL DETAILS
Unit Weight 473 lbs / 215 kg

Dimensions 84.9 x 33.1 x 69 in / 215.7 x 84.1 x 157.2 cm

(LxWxH) CLOSER LOOK
Running Area 58 x 19 in / 147.3 x 48.3 cm

Speed Range 2.0–12.0 mph / 3.0–20.0 kph

Incline Range Fixed 4°

Drive Motor N/A

110V / 60Hz / Input: 20W / Output: Max Emergency Stop Dual-Clip Foot Pedal
Power
200W 220V / 50Hz / Input: 20W /
Requirements
Output: Max 200W
Plug Requirements NEMA 5-15
Toggle Controls
User Weight 100–330 lbs / 45–150kg Slat-belt design
Calories, Time, Distance, Cal/Hr, METS, Pace,
Readouts Human Watts, Your Speed, Target
Speed/Resistance, Instant Watt To Grid

Workout Modes Run / Push

ECO-POWR™
integrated inverter
Features Non-motorized treadmill
Slat-belt design
Run and Push modes

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
3.LIGHTING AND ENERGY
Theory and construction
Replace incandescent light bulbs with more efficient compact fluorescents. This will result in cost savings and
better lighting for staff and guests. LED lights are also a good choice for your sports complex as they are very
energy efficient and have a long life.
Keep in mind, LED lights have a higher initial cost, so you will have to budget for that. However, with the
amount of energy you have to dedicate to lighting, it can be well worth the investment. Not only that, some
areas offer incentives for installing LED lighting, so make sure to look into that when researching your options.
Motions sensitive lighting is a smart cost-saving measure, so use this whenever possible so that lighting is on
only when needed.
Stadium Lighting
MECREE is an international photoelectric technology company which is specialized in researching, developing,
producing, and selling the series of LED flood lights. We also providing professional lighting solutions and other
integrated services.
Key 1: Durable — Ultra-Long Lifespan Up To 50 Years
Customized superconducting heat dissipation system will easier bring out the heat on the COB board under air
convection. Make sure ultra-low light decay 5% within 10 years and maintains constant 70˚C internal
temperature.
Key 2: Professional Lighting Structure Design
We adapt High-quality and Durable raw material to ensure the user have no maintenance during several
decades years. The whole lighting system is IP66 and suitable for outdoor special sites.
Key 3: Precise Light Control
GL-SPL researched the newest unique secondary optical design. That Customized optics direct light onto the
field and minimize glare from shining into the eyes of athletes. Athletes can see the action with our lights. Our
single, glass optic lights every playing surface evenly with smooth, clear light.
Key 4: Maintenance 0%
MECREE GL-SPL Stadium Lights don’t use bulbs. So you save a lot of time and money over replacements
needed with metal halide. Durable lighting system is better for your budget and slashing your operating costs.
Key 5: Energy Consumption -70%
Less power required with MECREE stadium lights, saving more than 70% energy compared with metal halide
lamps.
4.SOLAR PANELS
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
Most modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells.
•The structural (load carrying) member of a module can be either the top layer or the back layer. Cells must be
protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film
cells are also available.
•The cells are usually connected electrically in series, one to another to the desired voltage, and then in parallel to
increase current. The power (in watts) of the module is the mathematical product of the voltage (in volts) and
the current (in amperes) of the module.
•The manufacture specifications on solar panels are obtained under standard condition which is not the real
operating condition the solar panels are exposed to on the installation site
•A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and functions as its output interface. External
connections for most photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the
rest of the some system. A USB power interface can also be used.
5.Facade Insulation – External Wall Insulation
• A major source of heat loss from a house is through walls and facade. Facade insulation is a thermally
insulated, protective, decorative exterior cladding procedure involving the use of expanded polystyrene
insulation, glass or rock wool, polyurethane foam or phenolic foam, topped off with a reinforced cement
based, mineral or synthetic finish and plaster.
• The purpose of facade insulation is to reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient by adding materials
with low thermal conductivity. External wall insulation in buildings is an important factor to achieving
thermal comfort for its occupants.
• External wall insulation as well as other types of insulation reduce unwanted heat loss and also reduce
unwanted heat gain. They can significantly decrease the energy demands of heating and cooling systems.
It must be added, there is no material which can completely prevent heat losses, heat losses can be only
minimized.
Insulation Materials
• As was written, thermal insulation is based on the use of substances with very low thermal conductivity.
These materials are known as insulation materials. Common insulation materials are wool, fiberglass,
rock wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, and goose feather etc. These materials are very poor conductors of
heat and are therefore good thermal insulators.
• It must be added, thermal insulation is primarily based on the very low thermal conductivity of gases.
Gases possess poor thermal conduction properties compared to liquids and solids, and thus makes a
good insulation material if they can be trapped (e.g. in a foam-like structure). Air and other gases are
generally good insulators. But the main benefit is in the absence of convection.
• Therefore, many insulation materials (e.g.polystyrene) function simply by having a large number of gas-
filled pockets which prevent large-scale convection. In all types of thermal insulation, evacuation of the
air in the void space will further reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the insulator.
• Alternation of gas pocket and solid material causes that the heat must be transferred through many
interfaces causing rapid decrease in heat transfer coefficient.

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
 ABOUT THE GREEN BUILDING
CASE STUDY 1. Central courtyard.
SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE in Hyderabad. 2. Roof garden - Protects heat penetration, cuts down heat-island effect.
It’s a commercial building which consists of office buildings, research labs and conference roomS. 3. High performance glazing to bring in natural light while minimizing heat ingress.
The city is situated at an elevation of 544 meters. 4. Usage of light glazing and vision glazing.
The average temperature during the months of summer is anywhere around 40 'C and in the months of winters the 5. Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in natural light as well as ventilation.
average temperature is about 16 'C. 6. Energy saving system.

Climate: Tropical wet and dry.

•Summers: 1. COURTYARDS
Average Maximum Temperature: 40 deg C The courtyards act as "light wells," illuminating adjacent work areas. When this light is not sufficient,
Average Minimum Temperature: 25 deg C sensors trigger the deployment of efficient electric lights. Dimmers automatically control the
•Winters: illumination levels, turning the lights off when they're unnecessary. Also, occupancy sensors prevent a
Average Maximum Temperature: 28 deg C light from being switched on at an unoccupied workstation.
Average Minimum Temperature: 13 deg C
•Annual Rainfall: 79 cm (approximately)

CLIMATE
•It remains fairly warm most of the year.
•Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.
•Temperatures com down in the months of December and January and the nights become quite cool in and around
the Hyderabad city.
•During the summer months, the mercury goes as high as 42° C while in winters the minimum temperature may come
down to as low as 12° C.

RAINFALL
More than 75 per cent of the rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon season, i.e., from June to •INTERNAL :
September, July being the month when it rains. September is the month, when there are rains. The south-west  Lighting: Difficult in the lower storey.
monsoon sets in by the 7th of June. Its advent is sudden and the rainfall increases from less than 5 per cent (of the  Ventilation: Difficult conduction of supply
annual) in May to 15 per cent in June. air.
TEMPERATURE:  In summer: Danger of over heating in the
During the summer months, the mercury goes as high as 42° C while in winters the minimum temperature upper storey.
may come down to as low as 12° C  Particular characteristics: Access zone.

•OPEN TO ONE SIDE :

 Lighting: Good
 Ventilation: Good.
 In summer: Effective shading required.
 Particular characteristics: Sound insulation

•In this set of courtyards the wind enters in one direction. The other courtyard may be hot because
of the temperature as a result the cool air replaces it. The hot air being lighter than cold air rises
up making the place cooler and above the terrace gardens keep the temperature down forcing the
hot air to rise up further.
HUMIDITY:
Humidity in the morning is very high exceeding 80 per cent from July to September. In the dry months of
March, April and May, humidity is generally low with an average of 25 to 30 per cent and decreases to 20 per cent at
individual stations

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
 2.ROOF GARDEN DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
•Absorbing heat and radiating it into the building. This is minimized through the roof gardens covering 55%
of the roof area. •This consists of two sheets of glass with space in between, sometimes filled with air or other gases, or
•Rain water harvesting. vacuum.
•Seepage into the ground have been installed in pedestrian areas and parking. •Variations in thickness have a certain effect, up to a certain limit, on the percentage of radiation allowed
to penetrate and on thermal conductance of the composition.
•The main advantage of this type of cross- section is its ability to reduce heat transfer from one pane to
the other, both by conduction and by radiation.

3.NATURAL LIGHTING
•Natural light deflection systems can direct light deep into the room and ensure better natural lighting
provisions.
5.USE OF TRADITIONAL JALI
REFLECTIVE GLASS (MIRROR)
•Jalis or Lattice walls are used to prevent glare and heat gain while ensuring adequate day lighting and
views. The jali, used in many historic buildings such as the Taj Mahal, gives definition and an aesthetic
•This material will most significantly
appeal to a space.
reduce penetration of radiation from
the reflecting side to the non-
reflecting side (penetration of 11-37%
of total striking radiation).
•Such glazing is used in this building
where it is desir-able to maintain eye
contact with the outside as well as to
prevent penetration of radiation and
in areas where it is hot most days of
the year.
SOLAR SYSTEM

4.USAGE OF LIGHT & VISION GLAZING •Harvesting of solar energy - 20% of the buildings energy requirement is catered to by solar photovoltaic.
• The Solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 KW Average generation is 100-125 units per day.
•The double glazed glass will just allow the diffused sunlight to pass through and will radiate the solar
radiation back. It is located in the western direction because the suns rays is highly radiant when it is setting.

•The solar panels are placed on the eastern side and they are sloping which helps production of energy
throughout the day and as it is a commercial building more amount of energy is consumed during the
working hours [day] compared to the evenings.

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
WIND SYSTEM WIND DEFLECTORS

•A combination of sensible cooling in the ground and evaporative cooling with the flow of air induced by the •Deflectors Interior partitions are provided in the building for various purposes of privacy, which may not allow
wind tower can be achieved by a configuration as shown. The heat loss from air results in a decreased air openings in the partition. In this region, due to the warm and humid climate ventilation becomes very
temperature, but no change in the water vapour content of the air. essential, cross – ventilation becomes the major solution. This can be overcome by providing ridge ventilation
or ventilating ducts or shafts for deeper rooms.

OPERATION OF WIND TOWER

DAY TIME
•The hot ambient air enters the tower through the openings in the tower and is cooled, when it comes in
contact with the cool tower and thus becomes heavier and sinks down. When an inlet is provided to the
rooms with an outlet on the other side, there is a draft of cool air. After a whole of heat exchange, the wind
towers become warm in the evening.
•The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the floor influences the efficiency of the
natural ventilation in a given space.
•Inlet and outlet are high. Airflow only near ceiling. No air current at body level. Good for removing hot air for
warm season. Layers of still air at low levels.
•Inlet higher than outlet. Good interaction of air layers. Current at body level. Pocket of warm , still air over
the outlet.

NIGHT TIME •WATER SYSTEM

•Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.
•During night the reverse happens; due to warm surface of wind tower and drop in temperature of ambient
•Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and dish washer e.g.. Low
air due to buoyancy effect, warm air rises upwards. As a result, cooler ambient air is sucked into the room
flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks .
through the window. As a bye-product of this process, wind tower loses the heat that was collected during
•Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .
the day time and it becomes ready for use in cold condition up to the morning.
Root Way Water treatment facility – Natural Way of treating the black and grey water
•Due to the unpredictable wind direction, opening on all four sides are provided with an additional affect
due to wind pressure. The rate of heat transfer mainly depends on surface area with which, the air comes in
contact. Here the surface area is increased by having vertical conduits, which gives less resistance to air flow. Zero water discharge building System35% reduction in
Further, the effectiveness is increased by having sprinklers to promote the evaporative cooling potable water use Low flow water fixtures Waterless
urinals Use of storm water and recycled water for
irrigation. Entire waste water in the building is treated
biologically through a process called the ‘Root Zone
Treatment’.

SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE

ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062
 SEM: 9TH SECTION :A SIGNATURE SIDDALING MANTHALE
ISSUE STUDY 3PD17AT062