SMART GRID VISION For Transmission

Mr. Dhananjay Ketkar

Regional Managing Director,
Network Management Solutions India Region
1st May 2012

GRID

1 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Agenda

SMART GRID What’s in it

Technologies and Solutions for SMART GRID

SMART GRID Architecture and Future Areas of Development

2 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Agenda

Smart GRID What’s in it ?

Technologies and Solutions for SMART GRID

SMART GRID Architecture and Future Areas of Development

3 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 The Energy Industry is facing major challenges…

Increasing demand for

energy High constraints on
primary sources Customer active
x2
Engagement
Including Energy Efficiency
30,000
-

15,000 -

2005 2015 2025 2030

45000

40000

35000
CO 2 em issions in M t

30000 DR, DERs, PHEV, Energy

25000
Storage
20000
44
15000
41 %
10000

5000
34 %
0
% Aging Grid Infrastructure
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Power Generation Total CO2 emissions

Climate change issues
4 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential
4
 Why?: Electricity is the first Platform for Prosperity

Economy now based on electricity

− Computers, networks, phone system, Health Care, robotic manufacturing, stock markets
Lifestyle now based on electricity
− Medical devices, appliances, air conditioners, computers
Must have infrastructure that facilitates growth
− The 21st. Century economy is addictive to electricity
− 20 years ago semi-conductor load negligible. 10 years ago 10%. Today,
past 20% and climbing (EPRI, 2006)
Key to global competitiveness
− Other regions upgrading to create competitive advantage

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 Most of the primary energy used is Lost

Losses represent 2/3

of the generation
input, mostly du to
power conversion
Scotland

Between 7% & 16
% of the electricity
generated is lost on
the T&D networks
(up to 33% in India, including
theft)

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Losses occur along the whole energy chain
 New Constraints on Existing Physical Grids

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 Physical Grids evolving towards Hybrid AC/DC

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 The Data Avalanche: Challenge vs. Opportunity for
Transmission Optimization

• Smart Grids generate a

tremendous flow of data.
• This sea of data is a real asset
to enable great business
opportunities.

• Smart Grids have to provide

the right information to the
right decision maker.
• Data mining and predictive
analytics will be key to support
decision making in grid
optimizations

Illustration courtesy of Philippe Mack, PEPITe S.A., Belgium

9 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential
 Key Drivers for Smart Grids

1. Maximize CO2 free energy and reduce environmental impacts
E.g.: Europe over 50% of generation investment until 2020 is in renewable energy
Enable renewable grid connection and improve thermal generation flexibility
Maximize dispatch of intermittent renewable generation (wind, solar)
Integrate distributed generation, eco-buildings and electric vehicles
Develop new energy storage capabilities

2. Improve energy efficiency across the value chain

E.g.: USA, $4.6Bn federal investment in smart grid technology deployment
Optimize real-time CO2 free energy delivery to end-users
Maximize energy flow in constrained and aging grids
Enable end-users dynamic participation to the market (“prosumers”)
Integrate smart metering and demand side information integrate

3. Increase Grid Reliability and Stability

E.g.: Annual costs of power interruptions to US electric consumers: $79Bn
Estimate Grid Asset condition through real-time and react accordingly
Prevent transmission blackouts and minimize outages in distribution
Monitor Grid stability / oscillations and implement Defense plans/Grid self
healing

10 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Agenda

Smart Grid: What’s in it?

Technologies and Solutions for SMART GRID

SMART GRID Architecture and Future Areas of Development

11 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Technologies and solutions are at the heart of Smart Grids

Generation Grids Consumption

TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
Smarter
equipment
HVDC
DC Grids

Electric Vehicle fast charging

FACTs (Flexible AC Transmission System)

Grid connected batteries

NextGen digital substations
Wide Area Protection Systems

Smarter grid
management

Grid management systems
Demand response management

Online asset management

Renewable energy management

Virtual power plant / Microgrid

Wholesale market management management

12 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Smart Grid Stability & Resiliency Plans
Advanced Grid
Small signal frequency P847 P847 Efficiency
instability
Dynamic Rating Real-time State Estimation &
Voltage Instability G G Contingency using PMU data
(voltages and currents)
e-terratransmission
IEC 30-60 per
61850 second Raising transfer levels
Dynamic Rating
Damping P847
FACTS IEEE 37118 Black out remediation
control Defense Plans Triggers

Wide Area G
1 per second Advanced Situation
Control &
Protection Awareness
Phasor Data
Concentrator Wide Area Monitoring
30-60 per Phase angle differences
second Power System Oscillations

Power system stabilizer tuning

Identifying causes of oscillation
Fault Location
e-terravision
Open Mega PDC
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Smart Grid On Line Asset Management

Asset Condition Monitoring Centre

Asset Overload Assessment
FAX ALARM

Local Area Network Firewall

Intranet (TCP/IP)

Substation A Power Station A Substation B

Server Server Server

Primary
Condition Monitoring

GIS Transformers Transformers Circuit Breakers Transformers

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 Smart Digital Substation
Integrated Access & Integrated Phasor Data Integrated Condition
Cyber security Concentration Monitoring
Integrated Wide Area WAN
State Estimation
Firewall

Wide Area Electrical Ethernet IEC61850

IEC 61850
Automation
Phasor Area controller IEC 61850
Measurement Bay controller
Units

Adaptive
Protection Setting IEC61850 Plug & Play IEC 61850
FACTs controller
IEC 61850
Renewable controller
IEC 61850
Protections

Goose Base Defense Plan

FACTs &
NCIT Integration with Process Bus Renewable Storage Integration
Generation Integration

15 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Agenda

Smart Grid: What’s in it?

SMART GRID Technologies and Solutions

SMART GRID Architecture and Future Areas of Development

16 ALSTOM © 2010 Confidential

 Reference End-to-End Smart Grids Architecture
Grid & Market
Management Systems
(EMS-DMS-MMS) Ethernet Webservice CIM 61968/970
fenix
‘… a step towards the future of
electricity networks’

Internet
Virtual Power Plant EMS
(CVPP or TVPP)

Ethernet MMS IEC 61850

Infrastructure D- EMS District Generation Storage Building

D- EMS D-EMS D-EMS D -EMS

Embedded D-EMS
Energy Gateways /
Smart Meters

Distributed Centrally
Controls Dispatched
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 Advanced Grid Technologies

• Digital Instrument Transformers

• DC Breakers
• DC "transformers“
• Control systems, suitable for multi-vendors
• Protection systems to give rapid detection and discrimination of
faulted cables
• Better semi-conductor switching device - e.g. Silicon Carbide
(SiC).
• SiC devices have been 5 years away for 20 years.
• How to accelerate the development?

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 Smart DER Management System

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 Smart FACTs & Power Quality

900
[kV]

Grid code conformity requirements

750

600

450

300

150
Strong and frequent voltage fluctuation
0

-150

-300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 [us ] 80
(f ile jebel-bac k.pl4; x -var t) v:BUSH.

Power Electronics / FACTS

Power Electronics solutions

Static VAr Compensation

Benefits: reactive power compensation

and quality improvement

Reactive power support

Minimize voltage fluctuation

Increased power transfer capabilities

Power factor regulation

Improved steady-state and dynamic
performance of transmission system

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 Smart Hybrid AC/DC Grids

Target to achieve meshed DC Grids, maximising energy flows

accross renewable and storage and delivering highly flexible AC energy

Wind Solar PV Power Power

Quality Quality
3x2MW 6MW
(1s) (1h)

AC DC AC or DC AC or DC
DC DC DC DC

DC Virtual Energy
Community
AC

Grids

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 www.grid.alstom.com

GRID

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