List of Indian

monarchs

The earliest Indian rulers are known only from Sanskrit literature, in particularly the epics
Mahabharata and Ramayana, which both give many details of monarchs, and their
interactions with each other as well as deities. Many historians regard most of these as
legendary, and think the epics were developed several centuries after the period in which they
are set, the dating of which is also much disputed.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at
least the dynasty, at the time. These marked coins perhaps begin around 300 BCE, under the
Maurya Empire; there are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign
cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are
fairly clear from this point on, but the many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and
South India is less clear for may centuries after. Dates for many rulers are speculative, or at
least uncertain. The early history of many dynasties of Medieval India and even later are
uncertain; rulers are suspected of over-magnifying the importance of their distant ancestors.

The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents. It includes those
said to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka.

Heheya Kingdom

Maharaj Adarsh

Maharaj Ayu

Maharaj Nahusha
 Maharaj Yayati

Maharaj Yadu

Maharaj Sahasrajit

Maharaj Shatjit

Maharaj Haihay –  (Founder of Heheya Kingdom)[1]

Maharaj Dharma

Maharaj Dharmnetra

Maharaj Kuntiraj

Maharaj Sahjit

Maharaj Mahishman – (Founder of Mahismati)[2]

Maharaj Bhadrasen

Maharaj Durdabh

Maharaj Dhhannaka

Maharaj Kritvirya Arjuna

Maharaj Sahasrarjun

Maharaj Veersen (Jaydhvaj)

Later they were divided among different sub-castes which include Kansara, Kasera, Tamrakar,
Thathera, Tambat and many more.[3]

Medieval Haihayas

A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the Kalachuri and Mushika Kingdom of
Kerala, claimed their descent from the Haihayas.[4]

Magadha dynasties

This list includes the legendary kings of Magadha:

King Magadha

Parikshita

Suhotra

Chyavana
 Kriti

Pratipa

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE)

Brihadratha

Jarasandha

Sahadeva of Magadha

Somadhi (1661–1603 BCE)

Srutasravas (1603–1539 BCE)

Ayutayus (1539–1503 BCE)

Niramitra (1503–1463 BCE)

Sukshatra (1463–1405 BCE)

Brihatkarman ( 1405–1382 BCE)

Senajit ( 1382–1332 BCE)

Srutanjaya ( 1332–1292 BCE)

Vipra (1292–1257 BCE)

Suchi (1257–1199 BCE)

Kshemya (1199–1171 BCE)

Subrata (1171–1107BCE)

Dharma ( 1107–1043 BCE)

Susuma (1008–970 BCE)

Dridhasena (970–912 BCE)

Sumati (912–879 BCE)

Subala (879–857 BCE)

Sunita (857–817 BCE)

Satyajit (817–767 BCE)

Viswajit (767–732 BCE)

Ripunjaya (732–682 BCE)

(He was the last ruler of Brihadratha dynasty dethorned by Pradyota in 682 BCE)
Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE)
Pradyota Mahasena (682–659 BCE)

Palaka (659–635 BCE)

Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)

Ajaka (585–564 BCE)

Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)

(last ruler of the Pradyota dynasty)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE)

Bimbisara (544–491 BCE)

Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)

Udayin (461–428 BCE)

Anirudha (428–419 BCE)

Munda (419–417 BCE)

Darshaka (417–415 BCE)

Nāgadāsaka (415–413 BCE),

(last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE)

Shishunaga (413–395 BCE),

(He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule)

Kalashoka (Kakavarna) (395–377 BCE)

Kshemadharman (377–365 BCE)

Kshatraujas (365–355 BCE)

Nandivardhana (355–349 BCE)

Mahanandin (349–345 BCE),

(His empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda)

Nanda Empire (c. 345–322 BCE)

 Mahapadma Nanda (345–340 BCE),

(Son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire)

Pandhukananda (340–339 BCE)

Panghupatinanda (339–338 BCE)

Bhutapalananda (338–337 BCE)

Rashtrapalananada (337–336 BCE)

Govishanakananda (336–335 BCE)

Dashasidkhakananda (335–334 BCE)

Kaivartananda (334–333 BCE)

Karvinathanand (333–330 BCE)

Dhana Nanda (330–321 BCE)

(Agrammes, Xandrammes by Greeks),

(lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being
defeated by him.)

Maurya Empire (c. 322–185 BCE)

 Ruler Reign Notes

321–
Chandragupta
297 Founder of First Indian United Empire
Maurya
BCE

297–
Bindusara
273 Known for his Foreign diplomacy
Amitraghata
BCE

268– Greatest King of Maurya dynasty, His son, Kunala, was

Ashoka 232 blinded, and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by
BCE his grandson.

232–
Dasharatha
224 Grandson of Ashoka.
Maurya
BCE

224–
Samprati 215 Brother of Dasharatha.
BCE

215–
Shalishuka 202
BCE

202–
Devavarman 195
BCE

195–
Shatadhanvan 187 The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
BCE

187–
Brihadratha 184 Assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga
BCE

Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE)

Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE),

(founded the dynasty after assassinating Brihadratha in 184 BCE)

Agnimitra (149–141 BCE),

(Greatest of Sunga Emperors, extended empire up to Kashmir)

 Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)

Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)

Andhraka (124–122 BCE)

Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)

Ghosha (119–116 BCE)

Vajramitra (116–110 BCE)

Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE),

(also mentioned by the Puranas)

Devabhuti (83–73 BCE),

(last ruler of Shunga dynasty, dethroned by Vasudeva Kanva of Kanva dynasty)

Kanva dynasty (c. 73–26 BCE)

Vasudeva (75–66 BCE)

Bhumimitra (66–52 BCE)

Narayana (52–40 BCE)

Susarman (40–26 BCE)

(Susarman was the last ruler of Kanva dynasty, dethroned by Simuka of Satavahan dynasty)

Kalinga Empire

First Kalinga dynasty (c. 1700 – 700 BCE)

According to Mahabharata and some Puranas, the prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of
Kalinga, in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.[5][6] The
Mahabharata also mentions one Srutayudha as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined
the Kaurava camp.[7] In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler,
Sattabhu, have been mentioned.[8]

King Kalinga (founder of Kalinga Kingdom)

King Odra (founder of Odra Kingdom)

Srutayudha

Srutayush
 Manimat

Chitrangada

Subahu

Virasena

Sudatta

Sattabhu

Nalikira

Yavanaraj

Dantavakkha or Dantavakhra

Avakinnayo Karakandu

Vasupala

Second Kalinga dynasty (c. 700 – 550 BCE)

This dynasty is mentioned in Chullakalinga Jataka and Kalingabodhi Jataka. The first king
Kalinga I is said to have broken away from the Danda kingdom along with the kings of
Asmaka and Vidarbha as its feudal states.

Dandaki

Kalinga I

Mahakalinga

Chullakalinga

Kalinga II (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)

Unknown dynasty mentioned in Dathavamsha (c. 550 – 410 BCE)

Brahmadatta (c. 5th century BCE)

Kasiraja

Sunanda

Guhasiva

Solar dynasty of Kalinga (c. 410 – 380 BCE)

Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BC)

His son, Prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya was exiled and as per Maldivian history, established
the first kingdom Dheeva Maari and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.[9]
 Gonanda Kingdom of Kashmir

Gonanda dynasty I (c. 1700 – 1182 BCE)

Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. According to
Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds between 1800 BCE – 1700 BCE.[10]

Gonanda I

Damodara I

Yashovati

Gonanda II

35 kings (names lost)

Lava

Kusheshaya

Khagendra

Surendra

Godhara

Suvarna

Janaka

Shachinara

Ashoka (Gonandiya)

Jalauka

Damodara II

Abhimanyu I

Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1182 – 246 BCE)

The Gonanditya dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years.[11]

 Ascension
Ruler Reign[12] Notes
year

Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He

Gonanda III 35 years 1182 BCE belonged to Rama's lineage, and restored the Nāga
rites

53
Vibhishana I years, 6 1147 BCE
months

Indrajit 35 years 1094 BCE

30
A Shivalinga attributed to Ravana could still be seen at
Ravana years, 6 –
the time of Kalhana.
months

35
Vibhishana II years, 6 1058 BCE
months

His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he

destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their
40
Nara I land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga
years, 9 1023 BCE
(Kinnara) woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of
months
this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the
king died in the fire.

Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury,

because he was away from the capital at the time. He
Siddha 60 years 983 BCE
was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic
lifestyle.

30
Utpalaksha years, 6 923 BCE Son of Siddha
months

37
Hiranyaksha years, 7 893 BCE Son of Utpalaksha
months

Hiranyakula 60 years 855 BCE Son of Hiranyaksha

Vasukula Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas

60 years 795 BCE
(Mukula) (possibly Hunas) overran Kashmir.

Mihirakula 70 years 735 BCE According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's

 predecessor was Toramana. Kalhana mentions a king
called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book
3.[13] According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler
who ordered killings of a large number of people,
including children, women and elders. He invaded the
Sinhala Kingdom, and replaced their king with a cruel
man. As he passed through Chola, Karnata and other
kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of
these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only
after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he
ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been
startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once,
Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be
moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the
women who were unable to move the stone were killed,
along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was
supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age,
the king committed self-immolation.

63 A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman

Vaka (Baka) years, 665 BCE named Vatta, along with several of his sons and
18 days grandsons.

Kshitinanda 30 years 602 BCE The only surviving child of Vaka

52
Vasunanda years, 2 572 BCE "Originator of the science of love"
months

Nara II 60 years 520 BCE Son of Vasunanda

Aksha 60 years 460 BCE Son of Nara II

Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled

60
several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic
Gopaditya years, 6 400 BCE
(non-Sattvic diet); in their place, he brought others from
days
foreign countries.

57
years,
Gokarna 340 BCE Son of Gopaditya
11
months

Narendraditya 36 282 BCE Son of Gokarna

I (Khingkhila) years, 3
 months,
10 days

Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later

34 years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise
years, 5 persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was
Yudhisthira I 246 BCE
months, deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by
1 day a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later
restored the dynasty's rule.

Kashmir Chiefs of Ujjani Kingdom (c. 246 BCE – 25 CE )

No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source.[13] These
kings ruled Kashmir for 192 years.[12]
 Ascension
Ruler Reign[12] Notes
year

Pratapaditya Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named

32 years 167 BCE
I Vikrmaditya (II.6).

Jalauka 32 years 135 BCE Son of Pratapaditya

Shared the administration with his queen. The couple

sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a
Tungjina I 36 years 103 BCE
severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death,
the queen committed sati. The couple died childless.

Vijaya 8 years 67 BCE From a different dynasty than Tungjina.

Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His

flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati.
The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned
because of rumors that he would succeed the king.
Jayendra 37 years 59 BCE Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old
age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to
prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died
after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's
death.

Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new

ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request
of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his
reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with rishis
Sandhimati 47 years 22 BCE
(sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore,
his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a
descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the
throne.

Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 561 CE)

 Ascension
Ruler Reign[12] Notes
year

Meghavahana was the son of

Meghavahana 34 years 25 CE
Yudhisthira I's great grandson,
who had been granted asylum
by Gopaditya, the king of
Gandhara. Meghavahana had been selected the
husband of a Vaishnavite princess at a Swayamvara in
another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought
him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an
unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter
and compensated those who earned their living
through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a
monastery. His queens built Buddhist viharas and
monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as
Sinhala Kingdom, forcing them to abandon animal
slaughter.

Shreshtasena
(Pravarasena 30 years 59 CE Son of Meghavahana
I / Tungjina II)

Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-

regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana,
when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name.
Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up
30
in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya
Hiranya years, 2 89 CE
died childless. Several coins of a king named
months
Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This
king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana,
although his successor Mihirakula is placed much
earlier by Kalhana.[13]

Matrigupta 4 years, 120 CE According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias

9 Harsha) of Ujjayini defeated the Shakas, and made his
months, friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After
1 day Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne
in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar,
Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of
Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606–47
CE).[15] The latter is identified with Shiladitya
 mentioned in Xuanzang's account. However, according
to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another
Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of
Malwa around 580 CE.[16]

Historical evidence suggests

that a king named Pravarasena
ruled Kashmir in the 6th century
CE.[13] According to Kalhana,
Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far
Pravarasena as Saurashtra. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's
60 years 125 CE
II son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been
expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed
to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance.
He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is
identified by later historians as the modern city of
Srinagar on the basis topographical details.[17]

39
Yudhishthira
years, 8 185 CE Son of Pravarasena
II
months

Narendraditya
I 13 years 206 CE Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
(Lakshmana)

Younger brother of
Narendraditya. His queen
Ranaditya I 300 Ranarambha was an incarnation
219 CE
(Tungjina III) years of Bhramaravasini. The Chola
king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during
an ocean worship ritual.

Vikramaditya 42 years 519 CE Son of Ranaditya

Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several

enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law
36
would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome,
Baladitya years, 8 561 CE
the king married his daughter Anangalekha to
months
Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man
from Ashvaghama Kayastha caste.

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500–535 BCE)

Gandhara region centered around the Peshawar Valley and Swat river valley, though the
cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the Taxila region in
Potohar Plateau and westwards into the Kabul and Bamiyan valleys in Afghanistan, and
northwards up to the Karakoram range.[18][19]

Known Gandhara rulers are-

Subala

Achala

Kalikeya

Suvala

Shakuni

Vrishaka

Vrihadvala

Gaya

Gavaksha

Vrishava

Charmavat

Arjava

Suka

Kulinda

Nagnajit

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1400–345 BCE)

Rulers from (c. 1400–1200 BCE)

Kuru II (King of Puru dynasty after whom the dynasty was named Kuruvansha and the
kingdom was renamed from Puru dynasty to Kuru Kingdom. He had three sons, namely
Vidhuratha I who became the ruler of Pratisthana, Vyushitaswa who died at a very young
age, and Sudhanva, who became the ruler of Magadha. So Vidhuratha I became the king of
Hastinapura.)

Vidhuratha I
 Jahnu

Suratha

Vidhuratha II

Sarvabhauma II

Jayasena

Radhika

Ayutayu

Akrodhana II

Devaththi II

Riksha III

Dilipa

Anaswan II

Parikshit II

Janamejaya III

Bheemasena

Prathishravas

Pratipa

Shantanu

(Bhishma was the youngest son of Shantanu and Ganga. Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya were
the sons of Shantanu and Satyavati.)

Vichitravirya

(Dhritarashtra II, Pandu and Vidura were the sons of Vichitravirya)

Pandu

Dhritarashtra II

(The Pandava were the five sons of Pandu and the Kaurava were the 100 sons of
Dhritarashtra and Gandhari.)

Rulers from (c. 1200–345 BCE)

Yudhishthira
(Yaudheya was the son of Yudhishthira and Devika. Ghatotkacha was the son of Bhima and
Hidimbi, Abhimanyu was the son of Arjuna and Subhadra. Babruvahana was the son of
Arjuna and Chitrāngadā. Iravan was the son of Arjuna and Ulupi. Niramitra was the son of
Nakula and Karenumati. Suhotra was the son of Sahadeva and Queen Vijaya. Upapandava
were the 5 sons of Pandava and Draupadi)

Parikshit III (was the son of Abhimanyu.)

Janamejaya III

Satanika

Ashwamedhatta

Dwiteeyram

Chatramal

Chitrarath

Dushtshailya

Ugrasena

Shoorsen

Bhuvanpati

Ranjeet

Rikchak

Sukdeva

Narharidev

Suchirath

Shoorsen II

Parvatsen

Mehavi

Soncheer

Bheemdev

Nriharidev

Pooranmal

Kardavi
 Alammik

Udaipal

Duvanmal

Damat

Bheempal

Chemak (He was the last Kuru King dethroned by Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE.)[20][21]

Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1650 CE)

Early Pandyans
Koon Pandiyan

(Earliest Known Pandyan king)

Nedunj Cheliyan I

(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)

(he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)

Pudappandiyan

Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi

Nedunj Cheliyan II

(Pasumpun Pandiyan)

Nan Maran

Nedunj Cheliyan III

(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)

Maran Valudi

Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan

Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

Kadungon (590–620 CE)

Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)

Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)

Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)

 Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)

Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)

Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)

Rasasingan II (790–800)

Varagunan I (800–830)

Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)

Varagunavarman II (862–880)

Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)

Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Pandyans under Chola empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

Sundara Pandyan I

Vira Pandyan I

Vira Pandyan II

Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa

Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan

Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan

Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan

Jatavarman Chola Pandya

Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)

Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)

Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)

Kulasekara Pandyan III

Vira Pandyan III

Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)

Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

Pandalam (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)

Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)

 Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)

Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)

Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)

Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)

Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)

Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

Tenkasi Pandyans (c. 1422–1650 CE)

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of
the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in
southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan

(1422–1463)

Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan

(1429–1473)

Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)

Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)

Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan

(1534–1543)

Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan

(1543–1552)

Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)

Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan

(1564–1604)

Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)

Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)

Kollankondan (1618–1650)

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)

Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE–400 CE)
Vanavan or Vanavaramban (430–350 BCE)

Kuttuvan Uthiyan Cheralathan (350–328 BCE)

Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan (328–270 BCE)

Palyaanai Chelkezhu Kuttuvan (270–245 BCE)

Kalangaikanni narmudicheral (245–220 BCE)

Perumcheralathan (220–200 BCE)

Kudakko Neduncheralathan (200–180 BCE)

Kadal Pirakottiya Velkezhu kuttuvan (180–125 BCE)

Adukotpattuch Cheralathan (125–87 BCE)

Selvak kadungo Vazhiyathan (87–62 BCE)

Yanaikatchei Mantharanj Cheral Irumborai (62–42 BCE)

Thagadoor Erintha Perum Cheral Irumborai (42–25 BCE), (unification of Upper and lower
Kongu Nadu).

Ilancheral Irumborai (25–19 BCE)

Karuvur Eriya Koperumcheral Irumborai (19–1 BCE)

Vanji Mutrathu tunjiya Anthuvancheral (1 BCE–10 CE)

Kanaikal Irumborai (20–30 CE)

Palai Padiya Perum kadngko (1–30 CE)

Kokothai Marban (30–60 CE)

Cheran Chenguttuvan (60–140 CE)

Kottambalathu tunjiya Maakothai (140–150 CE)

Cheraman mudangi kidantha Nedumcheralathan (150–160 CE)

Cheraman Kanaikkal Irumborai (160–180 CE)

Cheraman Ilamkuttuvan (180–200 CE)

Thambi Kuttuvan (200–220 CE)

Poorikko (220–250 CE)

Cheraman Kuttuvan Kothai (250–270 CE)

Cheraman Vanjan (270–300 CE)

 Mantharanj Cheral (330–380 CE), found in Allahabad inscriptions of Samudragupta.

Kongu Cheras (Karur) (c. 400–844 CE)

Ravi Kotha

Kantan Ravi

Vira Kotha

Vira Narayana

Vira Chola

Vira Kerala

Amara Bhujanga Deva

Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844–1122 CE)

(The Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas)

Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (844–870 CE)

Kulasekhara Alvar/Kulasekhara Varma

Rama Rajasekhara (870–883 CE)

Cheraman Perumal Nayanar

Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)

Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)

Kotha Ravi (905–943 CE)

Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)

Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)

Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)

Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)

Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)

Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)

Rama Kulasekhara (1089–1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekhara) (c. 1090–1530 CE)

Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)

Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)

Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)

Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)

Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)

Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)

Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)

Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)

Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)

Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)

Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)

Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)

Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)

Ravi Varma (1299–1313)

Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)

Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)

Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)

Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)

Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)

Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)

Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)

Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)

Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)

Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)

Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)

Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)

Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484

Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)

Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)

Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

 Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1280 CE)

Ancient Cholas
Eri Oliyan Vaendhi

Maandhuvaazhi

El Mei Nannan

Keezhai Kinjuvan

Vazhisai Nannan

Mei Kiyagusi Aerru

Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru

Thizhagan Maandhi

Maandhi Vaelan

Aai Adumban

Ilamcetcenni

Karikala Chola

Nedunkilli

Nalankilli

Killivalavan

Perunarkilli

Kocengannan

Imperial Cholas Empire (c. 848–1280 CE)

Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)

Aditya (871–907)

Parantaka I (907–955)

Gandaraditya (950–957)

Arinjaya (956–957)

Parantaka Chola II (957–970)

Uttama Chola (973–985)

 Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014)

Rajendra Chola I (1014–1018)

Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)

Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063)

Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)

Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)

Kulottunga Chola I (1071–1122)

Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)

Kulottunga Chola II (1133–1150)

Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)

Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)

Kulottunga Chola III (1178–1218)

Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246)

Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas)

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543–437 BCE)

House of Vijaya
 King King
Portrait Name Birth Death Marriages Claim
From Until

Kuveni

Sinhapura
Founded
two
son of 505 BC
543 505 Kingdom

Vijaya children
Sinhabahu, Tambapanni BC BC Marriage to
Pandu
and Kuveni
Princess
Sinhasivali

Upatissa
505 504 Prince Vijaya's
- -
(regent) BC BC Chief Minister

504 474 Nephew of

Panduvasdeva - -
BC BC Vijaya

474 454 Son of

Abhaya - -
BC BC Panduvasdeva

Tissa
454 437 Younger brother
- -
(regent) BC BC of Abhaya

Satavahana dynasty (c. 230 BCE–220 CE)

The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 230 BCE to 220 CE.[22]
Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.[23] It
lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by
epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see Satavahana
dynasty#List of rulers):

Simuka Satavahana (c. 230–207 BCE)

Kanha Satavahana (c. 207–189 BCE)

Malia Satakarni (c. 189–179 BCE)

Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)

Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)

Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)

Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)

Mandalaka (c. 24–30 CE)

Purindrasena (c. 30–35 CE)

 Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36 CE)

Cakora Satakarni (c. 36 CE)

Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65 CE)

Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130 CE)

Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158 CE)

Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170 CE)

Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–220 CE)

Mahameghavahana dynasty (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan Chedi or Cheti Dynasty.[24][25] The
names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context.[26] But, Kharavela is the
most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and
Kharavela is not known.[24]

Maharaja Vasu

King Mahamegha Vahana

Sobhanaraja

Chandraja

Ksemaraja

Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja

Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)

Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll

Vaduka

Galaveya

Mana-Sada

Siri-Sada

Maha-Sada

Sivamaka-Sada

Asaka-Sada[27][28]

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200 BCE –1950

 CE)

The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as Salai Taret
The clans
include–

1. Mangang

2. Khuman Salai

3. Luwang

4. Angom

5. Moilang

6. Khaba Nganba

7. Salai Leishangthem

Ancient dynasty of Kangleipak (c. 200 BCE −33 CE)

Khapa-Nganpa Salai
Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 BCE)

Kangba

Maliya Fampalcha (150 BCE)

Kaksu Tonkonpa

Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa

Samlungpha (44–34 BCE)

Chingkhong Poireiton (34–18 BCE )

Singtabung (18–8 BCE)

Paangminnaba (8–1 BCE)

Luwang Salai
Luwang Khunthipa (1–5 CE)

Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)

Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)

Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)

Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)

Taothingmang (264–364 CE)

 Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)

Pengsipa (379–394 CE)

Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)

Naokhampa (411–428 CE)

Naophangpa (428–518 CE)

Sameilang (518–568 CE)

Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)

Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)

Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)

Keilencha (784–799 CE)

Yalaba (799–821 CE)

Ayangpa (821–910 CE)

Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)

Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)

Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)

Irengba (984–1074 CE)

Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)

1. Loiyumpa (1074–1112)

2. Loitongpa (1112–1150)

3. Atom Yoilempa (1150–1163)

4. Iyanthapa (1163–1195)

5. Thayanthapa (1195–1231)

6. Chingthang Lanthapa (1231–1242)

7. Thingpai Shelhongpa (1242–1247)

8. Pulanthapa (1247–1263)

9. Khumompa (1263–1278)

10. Moilampa (1278–1302)

11. Thangpi Lanthapa (1302–1324)

 12. Kongyampa (1324–1335)

13. Telheipa (1335–1355)

14. Tonapa (1355–1359)

15. Tapungpa (1359–1394)

16. Lailenpa (1394–1399)

17. Punsipa (1404–1432)

18. Ningthoukhompa (1432–1467)

19. Senpi Kiyampa (1467–1508)

20. Koilempa (1508–1512)

21. Lamkhyampa (1512–1523)

22. Nonginphapa (1523–1524)

23. Kapompa (1524–1542)

24. Tangchampa (1542–1545)

25. Chalampa (1545–1562)

26. Mungyampa (1562–1597)

27. Khaki Ngampa(1597–1652)

28. Khunchaopa (1652–1666)

29. Paikhompa (1666–1697)

30. Charairongba (1697–1709)

31. Gharib Nawaz (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709–1754), (adoption of the name Manipur)

32. Chit Sain (1754–1756)

33. Gaurisiam (1756–1763)

34. Ching-Thang Khomba (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)

35. Rohinchandra (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)

36. Maduchandra Singh (1801–1806)

37. Charajit Singh (1806–1812)

38. Marjit Singh (1812–1819)

(Came to power with Burmese support).

Burmese rule (c. 1819–1825 CE)

Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)

Gambhir Singh (1825–1834)

(Restored after the First Anglo-Burmese War)

Regency for Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)

Nara Singh (1844–1850)

Debendro Singh (1850)

Chandrakirti Singh (1850–1886)

Surchandra Singh (1886–1890)

Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)

Churachand Singh (1891–1941)

Bodhchandra Singh (1941–1947)[29][30]

Foreign (Assimilated) Kingdoms in Indian

Subcontinent

These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces)
in India were at their outskirts.

The boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire reached the Indus River.

Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE) of the Argead dynasty who fought Porus in the Battle
of the Hydaspes River.

Seleucus I Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in

305 BCE.

The Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c.
221–85 BCE).

Indo-Scythian – Saka ( c. 12 BCE–395 CE)

Aprācas (c. 12 BCE −45 CE )

Vijayamitra

(12 BCE −15 CE)

Indravasu
(c. 20 CE)

Vispavarman

Indravarman

Aspa (c. 5–45 CE) or Aspavarma (c. 15 – 45 CE)

Sasan (c. 45 CE)

Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE–10 CE)

Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)

Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)

Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)

Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)

Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)

Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)

Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)

Zeionises (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)

Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)

Hajatria

Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa

Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa

Pāratas (c. 125–300 CE)
Yolamira (c. 125–150)

Bagamira (c. 150)

Arjuna (c. 150–160)

Hvaramira (c. 160–175)

Mirahvara (c. 175–185)

Miratakhma (c. 185–200)

Kozana (c. 200–220)

Bhimarjuna (c. 220–235)

Koziya (c. 235–265)

 Datarvharna (c. 265–280)

Datayola II (c. 280–300)

Northern Satraps (Mathura area) (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)

Hagamasha (satrap)

Hagana (satrap)

Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)

Sodasa
Minor local rulers
Bhadayasa

Mamvadi

Arsakes (Indo-Scythian)
Western Satraps (Western Saka) (c. 119–395 CE)
Nahapana (119–124)

Chastana (c. 124)

Jayadaman (c. 124–130)

Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)

Damajadasri I (170–175)

Jivadaman (175–199)

Rudrasimha I (175–188)

Isvaradatta (188–191)

Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)

Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)

Rudrasena I (200–222)

Samghadaman (222–223)

Damasena (223–232)

Damajadasri II (232–239) with

Viradaman (234–238)

Yasodaman I (239)

Vijayasena (239–250)
 Damajadasri III (251–255)

Rudrasena II (255–277)

Visvasimha (277–282)

Bhratadarman (282–295)

Visvasena (293–304)

Rudrasimha II, son of Lord (Svami) Jivadaman (304–348) with

Yasodaman II (317–332)

Rudradaman II (332–348)

Rudrasena III (348–380)

Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380–382)

Rudrasena IV (382–388)

Rudrasimha III (388–395)

Kushan Empire (c. 1–375 CE)

 Ruler Reign Notes

Heraios 1–30 King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.

Kujula United the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century, and
30–80
Kadphises became the first Kushan emperor.

Alias The Great Saviour. His empire covered northwestern

Vima Takto Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan
80–90
Soter Megas presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign,
embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.

The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in

Vima 90– addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the
Kadphises 127 gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman
Empire.

Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to Pataliputra on the

Gangetic plain. His conquests and patronage of Buddhism
Kanishka I the 127–
played an important role in the development of the Silk Road,
Great 144
and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara
across the Karakoram range to China.

144– His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the
Huvishka
191 Empire.

He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule
191– coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as
Vasudeva I
232 northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-
Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240.

232–
Kanishka II It is likely he lost part of his empire to the Kushano-Sassanians.
245

245–
Vashishka
250

250–
Kanishka III
275

275–
Vasudeva II
310

310–
Chhu
325

Vasudeva III c.300? Kings whose existence is uncertain.

Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V

Shaka
325–
Kushan/Shaka
350
I

350–
Kipunada May have been a subject of Samudragupta from Gupta Empire.
375

Indo-Parthian – Pahalava (c. 21–100 CE)

Gondophares I (c. 21–50)

Abdagases I (c. 50–65)

Satavastres (c. 60)

Sarpedones (c. 70)

Orthagnes (c. 70)

Ubouzanes (c. 77)

Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)

Abdagases II (c. 90)

Pakores (c. 100)

Alchon Huns -Huna (c. 400–670 CE)

Anonymous kings (400 – 430 CE)

Khingila (c. 430 – 490 CE)

Javukha/Zabocho (c. mid 5th – early 6th CE)

Mehama (c. 461 – 493 CE)

Lakhana Udayaditya (c. 490's CE)

Aduman

Toramana (c. 490 – 515 CE)

Mihirakula (c. 515 – 540 CE)

Toramana II (c. 530 – 570 CE)

Pravarasena (c. 530 – 590 CE)

Gokarna (c. 570 – 590 CE)

Narendraditya Khinkhila (c. 590 – 630 CE)

 Yudhishthira (630–670 CE)

Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)

Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to Nagpuri poem "Nagvanshavali" written
by Beniram Mehta and book "Nagvansh" written by Lal Pradumn Singh. The list of Kings and
chronology varies in these books. 57th Nagvanshi king Dripnath Shah (c.1762–1790 CE)
submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to Governor general of India in 1787.[31]

Raja
Raja Phani Mukut Rai (c. 64 – 162 CE)

Raja Mukut Rai (c. 162 – 221 CE)

Raja Ghat Rai (c. 221 – 278 CE)

Raja Madan Rai (c. 278 – 307 CE)

Raja Pratap Rai (c. 307 – 334 CE)

Raja Kandrap Rai (c. 334 – 365 CE)

Raja Udaimani Rai (c. 365 – 403 CE)

Raja Jaimani Rai (c. 403 – 452 CE)

Raja Srimani Rai (c. 452 – 476 CE)

Raja Phani Rai (c. 476 – 493 CE)

Raja Gendu Rai (c. 493 – 535 CE)

Raja Hari Rai (c. 535 – 560 CE)

Raja Gajraj Rai (c. 560 – 606 CE)

Raja Sundar Rai (c. 606 – 643 CE)

Raja Mukund Rai (c. 643 – 694 CE)

Raja Udai Rai (c. 694 – 736 CE)

Raja Kanchan Rai (c. 736 – 757 CE)

Raja Magan Rai (c. 757 – 798 CE)

Raja Jagan Rai (c. 798 – 837 CE)

Raja Mohan Rai (c. 837 – 901 CE)

Raja Gajdant Rai (c. 901 – 931 CE)

Raja Gajghant Rai (c. 931 – 964 CE)

Raja Chandan Rai (c. 964 – 992 CE)

Raja Anand Rai (c. 992 – 1002 CE)

Raja Sripati Rai (c. 1002 – 1055 CE)

Raja Jaganand Rai (c. 1055 – 1074 CE)

Raja Nripendra Rai (c. 1074 -1084 CE)

Raja Gandharva Rai (c. 1084 -1098 CE)

Raja Bhim Karn (c.1098 -c.1132)

Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)

Raja Jai Karn (c.1180-c.1218)

Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)

Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)

Raja Shiv Karn (c.1276-c.1299)

Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)

Raja Phenu Karn

Raja Tihuli Karn

Raja Shivdas Karn (c.1367-c.1389)

Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)

Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)

Raja Pratap Karn (c.1451-c.1469)

Raja Chhatra Karn (c.1469 – c.1515)

Raja Virat Karn (c.1515 – c.1522)

Raja Sindhu Karn (c.1522 – c.1535)

Raja Madhu Karn Shah (c. 1584 -c.1599)

Raja Bairisal (c. 1599 -c.1614)

Raja Durjan Sal (c. 1614–1615)(c.1627 -c.1640)

Raja Deo Shah

Raja Raghunath Shah (1640–1690)

 Raja Ram Shah (1690–1715)

Raja Yadunath Shah (1715–1724)

Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)

Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)

Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)

Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)

Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)

Raja Dhripnath Shah (1762–1790)

Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)

Maharaja
Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)

Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)

Maharaja Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo (1872–1950)

Maharaja Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1950–1952)

Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350

CE)

Vrisha-naga

(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century).

Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava

(May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga).

Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)

(Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati)

Skanda-naga

Vasu-naga

Brihaspati-naga

Vibhu-naga

Ravi-naga
Bhava-naga

Prabhakara-naga

Deva-naga

Vyaghra-naga

Ganapati-naga

Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)

List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
# King Period Reign (CE)

1 Chandrodaya 27 202–229

2 Annaveta 5 229–234

3 Unnamed 77 234–311

4 Rimbhiappa 23 311–334

5 Kuverami (Queen) 7 334–341

6 Umavira (Queen) 20 341–361

7 Jugna 7 361–368

8 Lanki 2 368–370

9 Dvenchandra 55 370–425

10 Rajachandra 20 425–445

11 Kalachandra 9 445–454

12 Devachandra 22 454–476

13 Yajnachandra 7 476–483

14 Chandrabandu 6 483–489

15 Bhumichandra 7 489–496

16 Bhutichandra 24 496–520

17 Nitichandra (Queen) 55 520–575

18 Virachandra 3 575–578

19 Pritichandra (Queen) 12 578-90

20 Prithvichandra 7 590–597

21 Dhirtichandra 3 597–600

22 Mahavira 12 600-12

23 Virayajap 12 612-24

24 Sevinren 12 624-36

25 Dharmasura 13 636-49

26 Vajrashakti 16 649-65

27 Dharmavijaya 36 665–701

28 Narendravijaya 2 yr 9 months 701–703

29 Dharmachandra 16 703–720
30 Anandachandra 9+ 720-729+

Harikela Dynasty

1 Traillokyachandra 30 900–930

2 Srichandra 45 930–975

3 Kalyanachandra 25 975–1000

4 Ladahachandra 20 1000–1020

5 Govindachandra 30 1020–1050

[32][33]

Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)

 Ruler Reign Notes

240–
Sri-Gupta I Founder of the dynasty.
290

290–
Ghatotkacha
320

His title Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") suggests that he

was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned
Chandra- 320– his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely
Gupta I 325 accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to
the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political
power.

Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their

territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern
coast of India, advancing as far as the Pallava kingdom. In
Samudra- 325– addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal
Gupta 375 oligarchies. His empire extended from Ravi River in the west to the
Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in
the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the
south-eastern coast were his tributaries.

4th- Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest
Kacha
century him as ruler; possibly identical with Samudra-Gupta.

375–
Rama-Gupta
380

Continued the expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta:

Chandra- historical evidence suggests that he defeated the Western
380–
Gupta II Kshatrapas, and extended the Gupta empire from the Indus River in
415
Vikramaditya the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan
foothills in the north to the Narmada River in the south.

He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory,

Kumara- 415–
which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the
Gupta I 455
east.

It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family,

which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last
Skanda- 455–
years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the
Gupta 467
Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of
the great Gupta Emperors.
Puru-Gupta 467–
472

Kumara-
472–
Gupta II
479
Kramaditya

He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they
Buddha- 479–
sought to run the Alchon Huns (Hunas) out of the fertile plains of
Gupta 496
Northern India.

Narasimha-
496–
Gupta
530
Baladitya

Kumara- 530–
Gupta III 540

Vishnu-
540–
Gupta
550
Candraditya

Bhanu-Gupta ? A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Vindhyasakti (250–270)

Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

Rudrasena I (330–355)

Prithivishena I (355–380)

Rudrasena II (380–385)

Divakarasena (385–400)

Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)

Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)

Narendrasena (440–460)

Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

 Sarvasena (330–355)

Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)

Pravarasena II (400–415)

Unknown (415–450)

Devasena (450–475)

Harishena (475–500)

Pallava dynasty (c. 275–901 CE)

Early Pallavas (c. 275–355 CE)

Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)

Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)

Singh Vishnu / Vappdev

Middle Pallavas (c. 355–537 CE)

Vishnugopa (350–355)

Kumaravisnu I (355–370)

Skanda Varman II (370–385)

Vira Varman (385–400)

Skanda Varman III (400–438)

Simha Varman II (438–460)

Skanda Varman IV (460–480)

Nandi Varman I (480–500)

Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)

Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)

Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)

Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (c. 537–901 CE)

Simha Vishnu (537–570)

Mahendra Varman I (571–630)

Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)

 Mahendra Varman II (668–672)

Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)

Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)

Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)

Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)

Thandi Varman (775–825)

Nandi Varman III (825–869)

Nirupathungan (869–882)

Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadamba dynasty (c. 345–1347 CE)

Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345–525 CE)

Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)

Kangavarma (365–390)

Bagitarha (390–415)

Raghu (415–435)

Kakusthavarma (435–455)

Santivarma (455–460)

Mrigeshavarma (460–480)

Shivamandhativarma (480–485)

Ravivarma (485–519)

Harivarma (519–525)

Kadambas of Goa (until 1345)

Kadambas of Hangal (until 1347)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (c. 350–1024 CE)

Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)

Madhava II (370–390)
Harivarman (390–410)

Vishnugopa (410–430)

Tadangala Madhava (430–466)

Avinita (466–495)

Durvinita (495–535)

Mushkara (535–585)

Srivikrama (585–635)

Bhuvikarma (635–679)

Shivamara I (679–725)

Sripurusha (725–788)

Shivamara II (788–816)

Rajamalla I (817–853)

Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)

Rajamalla II (870–907)

Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)

Narasimhadeva (919–925)

Rajamalla III (925–935)

Butuga II (935–960)

Takkolam in (949)

Maruladeva (960–963)

Marasimha III (963–974)

Rajamalla IV (974–985)

Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)

Madhava Varma I (420–455)

Indra Varma (455–461)

Madhava Verma II (461–508)

Vikramendra Varma I (451–528)

Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–555/580)

Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)[34][35]

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Bhatarka (c. 475–492)

Dharasena I (c. 493–499)

Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)

Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)

Dharapatta (c. 550–556)

Guhasena (c. 556–570)

Dharasena II (c. 570–595)

Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)

Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)

Dharasena III (c. 626–640)

Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)

Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja,

Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)

Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)

Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)

Siladitya II

Siladitya III

Siladitya IV

Siladitya V

Siladitya VI

Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)[36]

Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)

Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)

 Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)

Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)

Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz

Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line

Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)

The known Later Gupta rulers included:[37][38][39]

Nrpa Shri Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)

Deva Shri Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)

Nrpa Shri Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)

Nrpa Shri Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)

Nrpa Shri Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)

Nrpa Shri Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)

Nrpa Shri Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)

Maharajadhiraja Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)

Maharajadhiraja Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)

Maharajadhiraja Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)

Maharajadhiraja Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

 Ruler Reign Capital Notes

500– Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around

Jayasimha I Badami
520 modern Bijapur in the early 6th century.

520–
Ranaraga Badami
540

He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and

540–
Pulakeshin I Badami Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of
567
India.

He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating

567–
Kirtivarman I Badami the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas,
592
the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.

Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya

power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra
after defeating the Kalachuri king Buddharaja. He
also consolidated his rule in the Konkan coastal
592–
Mangalesha Badami region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering
610
Revati-dvipa from the rebel Chalukya governor
Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of
succession to his nephew Pulakeshin II, a son of
Kirttivarman I.

Son of Kirtivarman I, he overthrew his uncle

Mangalesha to gain control of the throne.
Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda,
and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi
in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control
over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas
610–
Pulakeshin II Badami of Konkana. He was victorious against the
642
powerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana. He
also achieved some successes against the
Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated,
and probably killed, during an invasion by the
Pallava king Narasimhavarman I.

Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as

Kubja Vishnu- 615/24– Vengi
viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence
Vardhana I 641 (Eastern)
in 624.

Jayasimha II 641– Vengi

 673 (Eastern)

642– First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the

Adityavarman Badami
645 Pallavas.

645–
Abhinavaditya Badami Son of the predecessor.
646

646–
Chandraditya Badami Second son of Pulakeshin II.
649

Vijaya-Bhattarika Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her
Badami
(regent) 649– brother-in-law.

A son of 655
Badami
Chandraditya

655– He restored order in the fractured kingdom and

Vikramaditya I Badami
680 made the Pallavas retreat from the capital.

Vengi
Indra Bhattaraka 673 Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
(Eastern)

Vishnu-Vardhana 673– Vengi

II 682 (Eastern)

He carried campaigns against the Pallavas,

680–
Vinayaditya Badami Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas,
696
Gangas and many more.

682– Vengi
Mangi Yuvaraja
706 (Eastern)

His long reign was marked by general peace and

696– prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of
Vijayaditya I Badami
733 temples. He fought against the Pallavas and
extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.

706– Vengi
Jayasimha III
718 (Eastern)

718– Vengi
Kokkli
719 (Eastern)

Vishnu-Vardhana 719– Vengi

III 755 (Eastern)

Vikramaditya II 733– Badami Conducted successful military campaigns against

746 their enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, in three
occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the
 second time as an emperor and the third time
under the leadership of his son and crown prince
Kirtivarman II.

His reign was continuously troubled by the growing

Kirtivarman II power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt
746- 757 Badami
Rahappa succumbed to the Rashtrakutas, who ended the
power of the family in Badami.

755– Vengi
Vijayaditya II
772 (Eastern)

Vishnu-Vardhana 755– Vengi

IV 808 (Eastern)

His first military victories against the Rashtrakutas

808– Vengi
Vijayaditya III made the path for the independence of the dynasty
847 (Eastern)
from this occupant.

Kali Vishnu- 847– Vengi

Vardhana V 849 (Eastern)

Vengi
Vijayaditya IV
(Eastern)

849– Vengi
Vikramaditya III Brothers, ruled together.
892 (Eastern)

Vengi
Yuddhamalla I
(Eastern)

892– Vengi During his rule, Vengi could claim some

Bhima I
921 (Eastern) independence as capital from the Rashtrakutas.

Vengi
Vijayaditya V 921
(Eastern)

Vengi
Amma I
921– (Eastern)
Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnu-Vardhana 927 Vengi
VI (Eastern)

Vengi
Vijayaditya VI 927 Ruled for fifteen days.
(Eastern)

Vengi
Tadapa 927 Ruled for a month.
(Eastern)

Vikramaditya IV 927– Vengi

 928 (Eastern)

928– Vengi
Bhima II
929 (Eastern)

929– Vengi
Yuddhamalla II
935 (Eastern)

935– Vengi
Bhima III
947 (Eastern)

947– Vengi
Amma II
970 (Eastern)

970– Vengi Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help

Danarnava
973 (Eastern) within the Chola Empire.

6th great-grandson of Vijayaditya I. Ousted the

Tailapa II 973– Kalyani
Rashtrakutas in the West and recovered the power
Ahvamalla 997 (Western)
once held by his family.

Jata Choda 973– Vengi

Bhima 999 (Eastern)

997– Kalyani
Satyashraya
1008 (Western)

First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and

recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper,
999– Vengi however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the
Shaktivarman I
1011 (Eastern) independence they have gained some generations
ago. Begin of the growing Chola influence in Vengi
kingdom.

1008– Kalyani Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother,

Vikramaditya V
1015 (Western) Dashavarman.

Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with

1011– Vengi
Vimaladitya his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai,
1018 (Eastern)
daughter of Rajaraja I from the Chola Empire.

Jayasimha III 1015– Kalyani He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas
1043 (Western) of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty
in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule
however was an important period of development
of Kannada literature. He saw his cousins in Vengi
fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would
use their marital relations with the Eastern
 Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to
frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from
two fronts, from the east and from the South. But,
at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the
Western Chalukya power in the Deccan.

Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from

the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He
supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western
Rajaraja 1018– Vengi Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in
Narendra 1061 (Eastern) the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I,
beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the
Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern
Chalukyas renamed Chola.

His several military successes in Central India

Someshvara I 1042– Kalyani made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire.
Trilokyamalla 1068 (Western) During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to
Gujarat and Central India in the north.

1061– Vengi
Shaktivarman II
1062 (Eastern)

Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of

1062– Vengi
Vijayaditya VII Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with
1075 (Eastern)
support from Western Chalukyas.

Someshvara II 1068– Kalyani First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger

Bhuvanaikamalla 1076 (Western) brother, Vikramaditya.

1075– Vengi
Rajaraja
1079 (Eastern)

Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the

Western Chalukya Empire reached its zenith. He is
noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court
Vikramaditya VI 1076– Kalyani
was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit
Tribhuvanamalla 1126 (Western)
poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his
brother-in-law, Athirajendra Chola, on the Chola
Empire throne.

Vishnu-Vardhana 1079– Vengi

Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
VII 1102 (Eastern)

Someshvara III 1126– Kalyani He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and
 1138 (Western) authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text
Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity,
governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric,
medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and
music: making his work a valuable modern source
of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-
century India.

His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya

Jagadhekamalla 1138– Kalyani empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he
II 1151 (Western) was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south
and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.

1151– Kalyani Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya

Tailapa III
1164 (Western) rule.

His rule was completely overshowded by the

Jagadhekamalla 1164– Kalyani emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala
III 1183 (Western) II who took control of Kalyani. He had to escape to
the Banavasi region.

Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris,

but failed to prevent his old allies, Seuna, Hoysala
1183– Kalyani
Someshvara IV and the Kakatiya dynasty, who, after deposing
1200 (Western)
Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among
themselves.

Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:

Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)

Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)

Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE)

Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)

Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)

Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)

Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)

Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)

 Barha Tegin (645–680)

Tegin Sha (680–739)

Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739–755)

Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE)

Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895), first ruler of dynasty

Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)

Bhimadeva (921–964)

Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)

Jayapala (964–1001)

Anandapala (1001–1010)

Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)

Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty

Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500–647 CE)

Pushyabhuti (Puṣyabhuti), possibly mythical

Naravardhana (500–525 CE)

Rajyavardana I (525–555 CE)

Adityavardhana (Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena) (555–580 CE)

Prabhakara-vardhana (Prabhākaravardhana) (580–605 CE)

Rajya-vardhana (Rājyavardhana II) (605–606 CE)

Harsha-vardhana (Harṣavardhana) (606–647 CE), Unified Northern India and ruled it for
over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.

Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)

Indravarman I is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the Jirjingi
copper plate grant.[34][35]

Mittavarman (c. 505–520)

(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under Vakataka rule)

 Indravarman I (c. 520–537)

(Real founder of dynasty)

Samantavarman (c. 537–562)

Hastivarman (c. 562–578)

Indravarman II (c. 578–589)

Danarnava (c. 589–652)

Indravarman III (c. 652–682)

Gunarnava (c. 682–730)

Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)

Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)

Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)

Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)

Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)

Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)

Gundama – (c. 939–942)

Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)

Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)

Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)

Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)

Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)

Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)

Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)

Anantavarman Chodaganga (c. 1077–1147)

Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)

Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)

Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)

Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)

Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)

 Anangabhima Deva III (c. 1211–1238)

Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)

Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)

Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)

Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)

Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)

Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)

Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)

Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Gudari Kataka Ganga State

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV

also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in
modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra
Deva.[40]

Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)

Svarna Bhanu

Kalasandha Deva

Chudanga Deva

Harimani Deva

Narasimha Deva

Ananta Deva

Padmanabha Deva

Pitambara Deva

Vasudeva

Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)

Chikiti Ganga State (c. 881–1950 CE)

Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler
Hastivarman.[41][42]

Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)

(881–940)

Balabhadra Rautara

(941–997)

Madhaba Rautara

(998–1059)

Languli Rautara

(1060–1094)

Mohana Rautara

(1095–1143)

Balarama Rautara

(1144–1197)

Biswanatha Rautara

(1198–1249)

Harisarana Rautara

(1250–1272)

Raghunatha Rautara

(1273–1313)

Dinabandhu Rautara

(1314–1364)

Gopinatha Rautara

(1365–1417)

Ramachandra Rautara

(1418–1464)

Narayana Rautara

(1465–1530)

Narasingha Rautara

(1531–1583)
 Lokanatha Rautara

(1584–1633)

Jadumani Rautara

(1634–1691)

Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)

Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1737–1769)

Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)

Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)

Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)

Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1832–1835)

Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)

Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)

Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)

Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)

Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)

Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba

(1923–1934)

Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba

(1934–1950)

Parlakhemundi Ganga State (c. 1309–1950)

Parlakhemundi state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers
of Odisha.[43][44]

Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)

Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)

Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)

 Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)

Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)

Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)

Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)

Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)

Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)

Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)

Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)

Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)

Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)

Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)

Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)

Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)

Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)

Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)

Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)

Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)

Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)

Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)

Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)

Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)

Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)

Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)

Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)

Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

(1913–1950)

Titular Rulers
Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo
(1950 – 25 May 1974)

Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo

(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)

Kalyani Gajapati

(10 January 2020–present)

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE)

Old dynasty
1. Urmi Rani (?-550)

2. Krishak Pator (550–570)

3. Hatak (570–600)

4. Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia
1. Jayanta (630–660)

2. Joymalla (660-?)

3. Mahabal (?)

4. Bancharu (?-1100)

5. Kamadeva (1100–1120)

6. Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty
1. Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)

2. Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)

3. Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)

4. Manik Rai (1170–1193)

5. Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)

6. Jayanti Devi

7. Bara Gossain

New dynasty
 1. Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)

2. Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)

3. Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)

4. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)

5. Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)

6. Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)

7. Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)

8. Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)

9. Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)

10. Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)

11. Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)

12. Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)

13. Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)

14. Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)

15. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)

16. Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)

17. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)

18. Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)

19. Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)

20. Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)

21. Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)

22. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)

23. Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)[45][46]

Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550–1036 CE)

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (c. 550–860 CE)

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and
placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in
brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
 Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty

Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)

Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)

Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)

Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)

Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)

Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)

Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)

Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)

Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)

Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)

Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)

Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler

Pratiharas of Bhinmala (Kannauj) (c. 730–1036 CE)

List of rulers–
Nagabhata I (730–756), founder of dynasty

Kakustha (756–765)

Devaraja (765–778)

Vatsaraja (778–805)

Nagabhata II (800–833)

Ramabhadra (833–836)

Mihira Bhoja (836–890), Greatest ruler of dynasty

Mahendrapala I (890–910)

Bhoja II (910–913)

Mahipala I (913–944)

Mahendrapala II (944–948)

Devpala (948–954)

Vinaykpala (954–955)

Mahipala II (955–956)
 Vijaypala II (956–960)

Rajapala (960–1018)

Trilochanpala (1018–1027)

Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036), last ruler of dynasty

Other Pratihara Branches

Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

Dhaddha 1 (600–627)

Dhaddha 2 (627–655)

Jaibhatta (655–700)
Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)

No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE)

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day
Rajasthan:

Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar,

Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur),

Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day Dhor).

Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE)

Bappaka (550–566)

Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) (Real founder of the dynasty)

Bhoja (580–602)

Mahendra (I) (602–616)

Nāga (616–646)

Śiladitya (646–661 )

Aparājita (661–697 )
Mahendra (II) (697–728)

Bappa Rawal / Kālabhoja (728–753)

Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)

Mattaṭa (773–790)

Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I) (790–813)

Rawalsiṃha (813–820)

Khommāṇa (II) (820–853)

Mahāyaka (853–900)

Khommāṇa (III) (900–942)

Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II) (942–943 CE)

Allaṭa (943–953 )

Naravāhana (953–971 )

Śalivāhana (971–977 )

Śaktikumāra (977–993 )

Āmraprasāda (993–998)

Śuchivarman (998–1010)

Naravarman (1010–1035)

Kīrtivarman (1035–1050)

Yogarāja (1050–1075)

Vairaṭa (1075–1090)

Vaṃśapāla (1090–1100)

Vairisiṃha (1100–1122)

Vijayasiṃha (1122–1130)

Vairisiṃha (II) (1130–1136)

Arisiṃha (1136–1145)

Choḍa (1145–1151)

Vikramasiṃha (1151–1158)

Raṇasiṃha (1158–1165 )[47][48][49]

Branching of Guhil Dynasty
Ranasingh (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)—Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal
Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)—Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by
establishing Sisoda bases. Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called
Sisodia.[50][49]
Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE)
Kṣemasiṃha (1165–1172)

Sāmantasiṃha (1172–1179)

Kumārasiṃha (1179–1185)

Mathanasiṃha (1185–1201)

Padmasiṃha (1201–1213)

Jaitrasiṃha (1213–1261)

Tejasiṃha (1261–1273)

Samarasiṃha (1273–1301)

Ratnasiṃha (1301–1303).[51][52]

Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE)

Rahapa, a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652
Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

Rahapa/Karna (1160)

Narapati (1185)

Dinakara (1200)

Jasakarna (1218)

Nagapala (1238)

Karnapala (1266)

Bhuvanasimha (1280)

Bhimasimha (1297)

Jayasimha (1312)
 Lakhanasimha (1318)

Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)

Hammir Singh (1326)[53]

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE)

Hammir Singh (1326–1364)

Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)

Lakha Singh (1382–1421)

Mokal Singh (1421–1433)

Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)

Udai Singh I (1468–1473)

Raimal Singh (1473–1508)

Sangram Singh I (1508–1527), Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and
prosperity.[54]

Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)

Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)

Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)

Udai Singh II (1540–1572)

Pratap Singh I (1572–1597), 13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against
the Mughals.

Amar Singh I (1597–1620)

Karan Singh II (1620–1628)

Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)

Raj Singh I (1652–1680)

Jai Singh (1680–1698)

Amar Singh II (1698–1710)

Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)

Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)

Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)

Raj Singh II (1754–1762)

 Ari Singh II (1762–1772)

Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)

Bhim Singh (1778–1828)

Jawan Singh (1828–1838)

Sardar Singh (1838–1842)

Swarup Singh of Udaipur (1842–1861)

Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)

Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)

Fateh Singh (1884–1930)

Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

Titular Maharanas
Bhupal Singh (1947–1955)

Bhagwat Singh Mewar

Mahendra Singh Mewar

Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)

Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first
unified political entity in Bengal

Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and
Bhaskarvarman

Brahman dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[55]

Chach (632-671 CE)

Chandar (671-679 CE)

Dāhir (679-712 CE) from Alor

Under the Umayyad Caliphate:

Dahirsiya (679-709 CE) from Brahmanabad

Hullishāh (712–724 CE)

 Shishah (till 724 CE)

Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)

Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)

Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)

Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)

Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)

Kuvalayaditya (760–761)

Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)

Prithivyapida I (768–772)

Sangramapida (772–779)

Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)

Lalitapida (813–825)

Sangramapida II (825–832)

Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are
Ajitapida

Anangapida

Utpalapida

Sukhavarma

Chahamana (Chauhan) Empire (c. 650–1315 CE)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer)

Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol)

Chahamanas of Jalor (Chauhans of Jalore); branched off from the Chahamanas of

Naddula

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (Chauhans of Ranthambore); branched off from the

Chahamanas of Shakambhari
 Chahamanas of Lata

Chahamanas of Dholpur

Chahamanas of Partabgarh

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (c. 650–1194 CE)

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period
of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:[56]

Chahamana (Legendary)

Vasu-deva (c. 650–684 CE), first known ruler of the dynasty

Samanta-raja (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh

Nara-deva (c. 709–721 CE)

Ajaya-raja I (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala

Vigraha-raja I (c. 734–759 CE)

Chandra-raja I (c. 759–771 CE)

Gopendra-raja (c. 771–784 CE)

Durlabha-raja I (c. 784–809 CE)

Govinda-raja I (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I

Chandra-raja II (c. 836–863 CE)

Govindaraja II (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II

Chandana-raja (c. 890–917 CE)

Vakpati-raja (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch

Simha-raja (c. 944–971 CE)

Vigraha-raja II (c. 971–998 CE)

Durlabha-raja II (c. 998–1012 CE)

Govinda-raja III (c. 1012–1026 CE)

Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026–1040 CE)

Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)

Chamunda-raja (c. 1040–1065 CE)

Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala

 Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala

Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090–1110 CE)

Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)

Arno-raja (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana

Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)

Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva

Apara-gangeya (c. 1164–1165 CE)

Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165–1169 CE)

Someshvara (c. 1169–1178 CE)

Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan also Greatest ruler of
dynasty

Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty;
established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura

Hari-raja (c. 1193–1194 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197 CE)

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as

estimated by R. B. Singh:

Lakshmana (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana

Shobhita (c. 982–986)

Baliraja (c. 986–990)

Vigrahapala (c. 990–994)

Mahindra (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra

Ashvapala (c. 1015–1019)

Ahila (c. 1019–1024)

Anahilla (c. 1024–1055)

Balaprasada (c. 1055–1070)

Jendraraja (c. 1070–1080)

Prithvipala (c. 1080–1090)

Jojalladeva (c. 1090–1110)

 Asharaja (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja

Ratnapala (c. 1119–1132)

Rayapala (c. 1132–1145)

Katukaraja (c. 1145–1148)

Alhanadeva (c. 1148–1163)

Kelhanadeva (c. 1163–1193)

Jayatasimha (c. 1193–1197), last ruler of dynasty

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160–1311 CE)

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as
follows:[57]

Kirti-pala (c. 1160–1182 CE)

Samara-simha (c. 1182–1204 CE)

Udaya-simha (c. 1204–1257 CE)

Chachiga-deva (c. 1257–1282 CE)

Samanta-simha (c. 1282–1305 CE)

Kanhada-deva (c. 1292–1311 CE)

Virama-deva (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.[58][59]

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192–1301 CE)

Govinda-raja (1192 CE), founder of dynasty

Balhana-deva or Balhan, son of Govinda

Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana

Viranarayana or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada

Vagabhata, son of Balhana; known as Bahar Deo in bardic chronicles

Jaitra-simha or Jaitra Singh

Hammira-deva or Hammir Dev (1301 CE), last & Greatest ruler of dynasty

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri (Chedi) (c. 675–1212

CE)

Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty

 Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)

Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)

Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch

Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga

Balaharsha (910–915 CE)

Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)

Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)

Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)

Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)

Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)

Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)

Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna

Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)

Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)

Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)

Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)

Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)

Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler[60]

Garhwal Kingdom of Uttrakhand (c. 688–1949 CE)

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the
historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only
source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[61][62]
Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
No. Name Reign No. Name Reign No. Name Reign

1116– 1426–
1 Kanak Pal 688–699 21 Vikram Pal 41 Vijay Pal
1131 1437

1131– 1437–
2 Shyam Pal 699–725 22 Vichitra Pal 42 Sahaj Pal
1140 1473

1141– 1473–
3 Pandu Pal 725–756 23 Hans Pal 43 Bahadur Shah
1152 1498

1152– 1498–
4 Abhijat Pal 756–780 24 Som Pal 44 Man Shah
1159 1518

1159– 1518–
5 Saugat Pal 781–800 25 Kadil Pal 45 Shyam Shah
1164 1527

Kamadev 1172– 1527–

6 Ratna Pal 800–849 26 46 Mahipat Shah
Pal 1179 1552

Sulakshan 1179– 1552–

7 Shali Pal 850–857 27 47 Prithvi Shah
Dev 1197 1614

1197– 1614–
8 Vidhi Pal 858–877 28 Lakhan Dev 48 Medini Shah
1220 1660

1220– 1660–
9 Madan Pal 788–894 29 Anand Pal II 49 Fateh Shah
1241 1708

1241– 1708–
10 Bhakti Pal 895–919 30 Purva Dev 50 Upendra Shah
1260 1709

Jayachand 1260– 1709–

11 920–948 31 Abhay Dev 51 Pradip Shah
Pal 1267 1772

Jayaram 1267– 1772–

12 Prithvi Pal 949–971 32 52 Lalit Shah
Dev 1290 1780

Medinisen 1290– 1780–

13 973–995 33 Asal Dev 53 Jayakrit Shah
Pal 1299 1786

995– 1299– Pradyumna 1786–

14 Agasti Pal 34 Jagat Pal 54
1014 1311 Shah 1804

1015– 1311– Sudarshan 1815–

15 Surati Pal 35 Jit Pal 55
1036 1330 Shah 1859

1037– 1330– 1859–

16 Jay Pal 36 Anant Pal II 56 Bhawani Shah
1055 1358 1871
17 Anant Pal I 1056– 37 Ajay Pal 1358– 57 Pratap Shah 1871–
1072 1389 1886

1072– 1389– 1886–

18 Anand Pal I 38 Kalyan Shah 58 Kirti Shah
1083 1398 1913

1084– 1398– 1913–

19 Vibhog Pal 39 Sundar Pal 59 Narendra Shah
1101 1413 1946

Suvayanu 1102– Hansadev 1413– Manabendra 1946–

20 40 60
Pal 1115 Pal 1426 Shah 1949

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of
Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[63] (also
known as Mallabhoom,[64]
 Name of the king[65][66] Reign Notes

Adi Malla 694–710

Jay Malla 710–720

Benu Malla 720–733

Kinu Malla 733–742

Indra Malla 742–757

Kanu Malla 757–764

Dha (Jhau) Malla 764–775

Shur Malla 775–795

Kanak Malla 795–807

Kandarpa Malla 807–828

Sanatan Malla 828–841

Kharga Malla 841–862

Durjan (Durjay) Malla 862–906

Yadav Malla 906–919

Jagannath Malla 919–931

Birat Malla 931–946

Mahadev Malla 946–977

Durgadas Malla 977–994

Jagat Malla 994–1007

Ananta Malla 1007–1015

Rup Malla 1015=1029

Sundar Malla 1029–1053

Kumud Malla 1053–1074

Krishna Malla 1074–1084

Rup II (Jhap) Malla 1084–1097

Prakash Malla 1097–1102

Pratap Malla 1102–1113

Sindur Malla 1113–1129

Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla 1129–1142

Banamali Malla 1142–1156

Yadu/Jadu Malla 1156–1167

Jiban Malla 1167–1185

Ram Malla 1185=1209

Gobinda Malla 1209–1240

Bhim Malla 1240–1263

Katar(Khattar) Malla 1263–1295

Prithwi Malla 1295 -1319

Tapa Malla 1319–1334

Dinabandhu Malla 1334–1345

Kinu/Kanu II Malla 1345–1358

Shur Malla II 1358–1370

Shiv Singh Malla 1370–1407

Madan Malla 1407–1420

Durjan II (Durjay) Malla 1420–1437

Uday Malla 1437–1460

Chandra Malla 1460–1501

Bir Malla 1501–1554

Dhari Malla 1554–1565

Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) 1565–1620

Dhari Hambir Malla Dev 1620–1626

Raghunath Singha Dev 1626–1656

Bir Singha Dev 1656–1682

Durjan Singha Dev 1682–1702

Raghunath Singha Dev II 1702–1712

Gopal Singha Dev 1712–1748

Chaitanya Singha Dev 1748–1801

Madhav Singha Dev 1801–1809

Gopal Singha Dev II 1809–1876

Ramkrishna Singha Dev 1876–1885

Dwhaja Moni Devi 1885–1889

Nilmoni Singha Dev 1889–1903

Churamoni Devi (Regency) 1903–1930

Kalipada Singha Thakur 1930–1947

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty

Āma

Dunduka

Bhoja (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.[67]

Rashtrakuta dynasty of Manyaketha (c. 735–982 CE)

Dantidurga (735–756)

Krishna I (756–774)

Govinda II (774–780)

Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)

Govinda III (793–814)

Amoghavarsha I (814–878)

Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)

Indra III (914–929)

Amoghavarsha II (929–932)

Govinda IV (930–935)

Amoghavarsha III (934–939)

Krishna III (939–967)

Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)

Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)

Indra IV (973–982), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[68]

 Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi
Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi
was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after
his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the
city (in 736 CE).

The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the
beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).

Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19
Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be
possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era,
which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama
Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which
is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736
CE.[69]
List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[70][71]
Gwalior Ascension year in
Abul Fazl's Ain-i- Kumaon- Length of reign
manuscript CE (according to
# Akbari / Bikaner Garhwal
of Khadag Gwalior
manuscript manuscript Years Months Days
Rai manuscript)

1 Ananga Pāla Bilan Dev 736 18 0 0

2 Vasu Deva 754 19 1 18

3 Gangya Ganggeva 773 21 3 28

Prithivi Pāla (or

4 Prathama Mahi Pāla 794 19 6 19
Prithivi Malla)

5 Jaya Deva Saha Deva Jadu Pāla 814 20 7 28

Nīra Pāla or Hira

6 Indrajita (I) Nai Pāla 834 14 4 9
Pāla

Udiraj (or Jaya Deva

7 Nara Pāla 849 26 7 11
Adereh) Pāla

Chamra
8 Vijaya (or Vacha) Indrajita (II) 875 21 2 13
Pāla

9 Biksha (or Anek) Vacha Raja Bibasa Pāla 897 22 3 16

10 Rīksha Pāla Vira Pāla Sukla Pāla 919 21 6 5

Sukh Pāla (or

11 Go-Pāla Teja Pāla 940 20 4 4
Nek Pāla)

12 Go-Pāla Tillan Dev Mahi Pāla 961 18 3 15

13 Sallakshana Pāla Suvari Sursen 979 25 10 10

14 Jaya Pāla Osa Pāla Jaik Pāla 1005 16 4 3

15 Kunwar Pāla Kumara Pāla 1021 29 9 18

Ananga Pāla (or

16 Ananga Pāla Anek Pāla 1051 29 6 18
Anek Pāla)

Vijaya Pāla (or

17 Teja Pāla Teja Pāla 1081 24 1 6
Vijaya Sah)

Mahi Pāla (or

18 Mahi Pāla Jyūn Pāla 1105 25 2 23
Mahatsal)

Akr Pāla (or

19 Mukund Pāla Ane Pāla 1130 21 2 15
Akhsal)
 Prithivi Raja Prithvi Pala 1151
(Chahamana)

Pala Empire (c. 750–1174)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any
well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to
determine.[72] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical
records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[73]
 AM D. K.
RC Majumdar BP Sinha DC Sircar
Chowdhury Ganguly
(1971)[74] (1977)[76] (1975–76)[77]
(1967)[75] (1994)[72]

Gopala I 750–770 756–781 755–783 750–775 750–774

Dharmapala 770–810 781–821 783–820 775–812 774–806

Devapala 810–c. 850 821–861 820–860 812–850 806–845

NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established

Mahendrapala 845–860
through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)

Shurapala I Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I 850–858 860–872

NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in

Gopala II
2009.)

Vigrahapala I 850–853 861–866 860–865 858–60 872–873

Narayanapala 854–908 866–920 865–920 860–917 873–927

Rajyapala 908–940 920–952 920–952 917–952 927–959

Gopala III 940–957 952–969 952–967 952–972 959–976

Vigrahapala II 960–c. 986 969–995 967–980 972–977 976–977

Mahipala I 988–c. 1036 995–1043 980–1035 977–1027 977–1027

Nayapala 1038–1053 1043–1058 1035–1050 1027–1043 1027–1043

Vigrahapala III 1054–1072 1058–1075 1050–1076 1043–1070 1043–1070

Mahipala II 1072–1075 1075–1080 1070–1071 1070–1071

1076–1078/9
Shurapala II 1075–1077 1080–1082 1071–1072 1071–1072

Ramapala 1077–1130 1082–1124 1078/9–1132 1072–1126 1072–1126

Kumarapala 1130–1125 1124–1129 1132–1136 1126–1128 1126–1128

Gopala IV 1140–1144 1129–1143 1136–1144 1128–1143 1128–1143

Madanapala 1144–1162 1143–1162 1144–1161/62 1143–1161 1143–1161

1162–1176 or
Govindapala 1155–1159 NA 1161–1165 1161–1165
1158–1162

Palapala NA NA NA 1165–1199 1165–1200

Note:[73]

Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the
same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled
 simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.

AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the
imperial Pala dynasty.

According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of
Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are
possible.

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty

Indrayudha

Chakrayudha (till 810)[78][79]

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the
Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela
rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[80][81]

Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)

Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)

Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)

Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)

Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)

Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)

Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)

Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)

Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)

Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)

Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)

Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)

Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)

Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)

Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)

Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)

Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time

Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)

Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)

Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)

Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)

Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)

Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one
1315 CE inscription)[82]

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Dridhaprahara

Seunachandra (850–874)

Dhadiyappa (874–900)

Bhillama I (900–925)

Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)

Dhadiyappa II (974–975)

Bhillama II (975–1005)

Vesugi I (1005–1020)

Bhillama III (1020–1055)

Vesugi II (1055–1068)

Bhillama III (1068)

Seunachandra II (1068–1085)

Airamadeva (1085–1115)

Singhana I (1115–1145)

Mallugi I (1145–1150)

Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
 Govindaraja (1160)

Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)

Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)

Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya

Jaitugi I (1192–1200)

Singhana II (1200–1247)

Kannara (1247–1261)

Mahadeva (1261–1271)

Amana (1271)

Ramachandra (1271–1312)

Singhana III (1312–1313)

Harapaladeva (1313–1318)

Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305)

According to historial Kailash Chand Jain, "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from
Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later
sources."[83] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources
include:

Upendra, (last quarter of 8th century, first quarter of 9th century), (sources vary)[84]

Vairisimha (I) (8th century)[85]

Siyaka (I) (9th century)[85]

Vakpati (I) (9th century)[85]

Vairisimha (II), (10th century)[86]

Siyaka (II), (940–972)[87]

Vakpati (II) alias Munja, (972–990)[88]

Sindhuraja, (990–1010)[89]

Bhoja, (1010–1055)[90]

Jayasimha I, (1055–1070)[91]
Udayaditya, (1070–1086)[92]

Lakshmadeva, (1086–1094)[93]

Naravarman, (1094–1130)[94]

Yashovarman, (1133–1142)[95]

Jayavarman I, (1142–1143)[96]

Interregnum under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king Kumarapala[97]

Vindhyavarman, (1175–1194)[98]

Subhatavarman, (1194–1209)[99]

Arjunavarman I, (1210–1215)[100]

Devapala, (1218–1239)[101]

Jaitugideva, (1239–1255)[102]

Jayavarman II, (1255–1274)[103]

Arjunavarman II, (1274–1285)[103]

Bhoja II, (1285–1301)[103]

Mahalakadeva, (1301–1305 died & ended of dynasty)[104]

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910–1220

CE)

Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930

Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja c. 930–950

Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979

Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha c.970–990

Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000

Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020 son of Dharavaraha

Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040

Punya-pala or Purna-pala c. 1040–1050

Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060 son of Dhandhuka

Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II c. 1060–1090 son of Dhandhuka

Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva c. 1090–1115

 Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145

Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160 great-grandson of Dantivarman through

Yogaraja and Ramadeva

Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ? son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha

Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220 son of Yashodhavala

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE)

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)

Known Maryul rulers were:

Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)

Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[105][106][107]

1. Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460-1485)

2. Unknown (c. 1485-1510)

3. Lata Jughdan (c. 1510-1535)

4. Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535-1555)

5. Tashi Namgyal ('BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1555-1575) son[108]

6. Tsewang Namgyal I (Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1575–1595) nephew[109]

7. Namgyal Gonpo (rNam-rgyal-mgon-po, c. 1595–1600) brother

8. Jamyang Namgyal (Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal, c. 1595–1616) brother[110]

9. Sengge Namgyal (Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal, first time, 1616–1623) son[111]

10. Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother

11. Sengge Namgyal (second time, 1624–1642)

12. Deldan Namgyal (Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal, 1642–1694) son

13. Delek Namgyal  (Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal, c. 1680–1691) son

14. Nyima Namgyal  (Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal, 1694–1729) son

15. Deskyong Namgyal (Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, 1729–1739) son

 16. Phuntsog Namgyal (P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal, 1739–1753) son

17. Tsewang Namgyal II (Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal, 1753–1782) son

18. Tseten Namgyal  (Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal, 1782–1802) son

19. Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal, 1802–1837, 1839–1840)

brother

20. Kunga Namgyal II (Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal, 1840–1842) grandson

Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.'"

Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244

CE)

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[112][113]

Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)

Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)

Vallabharaja (c. 1008)

Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)

Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)

Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)

Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)

Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)

Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)

Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)

Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)

Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty

Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)

Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)

 Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)

Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)

Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)

Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)

Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)

Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)

Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)

Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)

Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)

Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)

Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)

Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)

Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)

Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)

Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[114][115]

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom &
established Kachwaha dynasty, which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur
district of Rajasthan.[116][117]

Rulers
27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 'Sorha Dev' (d. 1006)

15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 'Dulha Rao' (d. 1036)

28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 'Kakil' (d. 1039)

21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 'Hanu' (d. 1053)

28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 'Janddeo' (d. 1070)

22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 'Pajjun Rai' (d. 1094)

20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 'Malayasi' (d. 1146)

15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 'Vijaldeo' (d. 1179)

25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 'Rajdeo' (d. 1216)

16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 'Kilhan' (d. 1276)

18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 'Kuntal' (d. 1317)

23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 'Jonsi' (d. 1366)

6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 'Udaikarn' (d. 1388)

11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 'Narsingh' (d. 1428)

16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 'Banbir' (d. 1439)

20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 'Udharn' (d. 1467)

10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 'Chandrasen' (d. 1503)

17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 'Prithviraj Singh I' (d. 1527)

4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 'Puranmal' (d. 1534)

19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 'Bhim Singh' (d. 1537)

22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 'Ratan Singh' (d. 1548)

15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 'Askaran' (d. 1599)

1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 'Bharmal' (d. 1574)

27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 'Bhagwant Das' (b. 1527 – d. 1589)

4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 'Man Singh' (b. 1550 – d. 1614)

6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 'Bhau Singh' (d. 1621)

13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 'Jai Singh I' (b. 1611 – d. 1667)

10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: 'Ram Singh I' (b. 1640 – d. 1688)

30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: 'Bishan Singh' (b. 1672 – d. 1699)

19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: 'Jai Singh II' (b. 1688 – d. 1743)

1743 – 12 Dec 1750: 'Ishwari Singh' (b. 1721 – d. 1750)

1750 – 5 Mar 1768: 'Madho Singh I' (b. 1728 – d. 1768)

 1768 – 13 Apr 1778: 'Prithvi Singh II' (b. c. 1762 – d. 1778)

1778 – 1803: 'Pratap Singh' (b. 1764 – d. 1803)

1803 – 21 Nov 1818: 'Jagat Singh II' (b. ... – d. 1818)

22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: 'Mohan Singh' (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)

25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: 'Jai Singh III' (b. 1819 – d. 1835)

Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: 'Ram Singh II' (b. 1835 – d. 1880)

18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: 'Madho Singh II' (b. 1861 – d. 1922)

7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): 'Sawai Man Singh II' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): 'Sawai Man Singh II' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in
1949 CE.[118][119][120][121][122]

Titular rulers
7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: 'Sawai Man Singh II'

24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: 'Sawai Bhawani Singh' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: 'Sawai Bhawani Singh' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

17 Apr 2011 – present: 'Padmanabh Singh' (b. 1998)

Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000–1225 CE)

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their
reigns:[123]

Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty

Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)

Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I

Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha

Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)

Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)

Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)

Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)

Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)

Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)

Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)

Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Hoysala Kings (1026–1343)

Nripa Kama II (1026–1047)

Vinayaditya (1047–1098)

Ereyanga (1098–1102)

Veera Ballala I (1102–1108)

Vishnuvardhana (1108–1152)

Narasimha I (1152–1173)

Veera Ballala II (1173–1220)

Vira Narasimha II (1220–1235)

Vira Someshwara (1235–1263)

Narasimha III (1263–1292)

Veera Ballala III (1292–1343)

Harihara Raya
(1342–1355)
(Vijayanagara Empire)

Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE)

Hemanta Sen (1070–1096), founder of dynasty

Vijay Sen (1096–1159)

Ballal Sen (1159–1179)

Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)

Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)

Keshab Sen (1225–1230), last ruler

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Beta I (1000–1030)

Prola I (1030–1075)

Beta II (1075–1110)

Prola II (1110–1158)

Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]

Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]

Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present

day warangal)]

Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]

Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of
this dynasty]

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)

List of rulers–
Chandradeva (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty

Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)

Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE

Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva

Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends

Harishchandra (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty[124][125][126][127]

Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097–1324 CE)

List of rulers–
S.N. Name of the rulers Timeline Notes

1 Nanyadeva.[128] 1097 - 1147 CE[129]

2 Gangadeva[128] 1147 - 1187 CE[129]

3 Narsimhadeva[128] 1187 - 1227 CE[129]

4 Ramasimhadeva[128] 1227 - 1285 CE[129]

5 Shaktisimhadeva[128] 1285 - 1295 CE[129]

6 Harisimhadeva[128] 1295 - 1324 CE[129]

Zamorin dynasty of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)

List of rulers–
No. of
Name Reign Important events
Zamorin
Mana Vikrama
1 N/A The legendary founder of the ruling family.
(Manikkan)
27 8 years Kozhikode city is established
1339–
65 Ibn Battuta at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
1347
1402–
73 Ma Huan at Kozhikode (1403)
1410
1442– The visits of Abdur Razzak (1442) and Niccolò de' Conti
78
1450 (1444)
1466–
81 Mana Vikrama the Great Athanasius Nikitin (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
1474
1474–
82 Mana Veda
1482
1495–
84 The arrival of Vasco da Gama (1498)
1500
1500–
85 The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
1513
1513– Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the
86
1522 Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
1522–
87 The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
1529
1529–
88 The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
1531
1531–
89 Battles with the Portuguese
1540
1540–
90 Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
1548
1548– Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles
91
1560 with the Portuguese.
1560–
92 Viraraya
1562
1572–
93 Mana Vikrama The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
1574
1574–
94 Battles with the Portuguese
1578
1578–
95 The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
1588
96 1588– The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
1597
1597–
97 Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
1599
1599–
98 Capture of Marakkar's stronghold (1600)
1604
1604– Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the
99
1617 Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
1617–
100 Mana Vikrama
1627
1627–
101
1630
1630–
102
1637
Mana Vikrama (Saktan 1637–
103 The uncle of the author of the Krishnanatakam
Tampuran) 1648
1648–
104 Tiruvonam Tirunal
1655
1655–
105 Mana Veda The author of the Krishnanatakam
1658
1658– The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur
106 Asvati Tirunal
1662 (1662)
107 Puratam Tirunal 16621666 The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
1666–
108 Battles with the Dutch
1668
1668–
109 The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
1671
1671–
110 Uttrattati Tirunal Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
1684
Bharani Tirunal Mana 1684– The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and
111
Vikrama[130] 1705 1695)
1705–
112 Nileswaram Tirunal Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
1711
1711–
113 The Dutch War (1715–1718)
1729
1729–
114 Mana Vikrama
1741
Zamorin from Kilakke 1741–
115
Kovilakam 1746
116 Putiya Kovilakam 1746– The Dutch War (1753–1758)
 1758
1758– Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore,
117 Kilakke Kovilakam
1766 committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
1766–
118 Putiya Kovilakam
1788
Kerala Varma Vikrama 1788–
119 Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
(Putiya Kovilakam) 1798
Krishna Varma (Putiya 1798–
120 Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)
Kovilakam) 1806

[131]

Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (c. 1130–1184 CE)

List of rulers–
Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE

Sovideva (1168–1176)

Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama

Sankama (1176–1180)

Ahavamalla (1180–83)

Singhana (1183–84), last ruler

Jadeja Kingdom of Kutch (c. 1147–1948 CE)

List of rulers–

Cutch was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty of the Samma tribe[132] from its formation in
1147 until 1948 when it acceded to newly formed, India. The rulers had migrated from Sindh
into Kutch in late 12th century. They were entitled to a 17-gun salute by the British authorities.
The title of rulers was earlier Ja'am, which during British Raj changed to Maharao made
hereditary from 1 Jan 1918.[133]
 Rulers Accession

Lakho Jadani AD 1147

Ratto Rayadhan AD 1175

Othaji AD 1215

Rao Gaoji AD 1255

Rao Vehanji AD 1285

Rao Mulvaji AD 1321

Rao Kaiyaji AD 1386

Rao Amarji AD 1406

Rao Bhhemji AD 1429

Rao Hamirji AD 1472

Jam Raval AD 1524

Khengarji I AD 1548

Bharmalji I AD 1585

Bhojrajji AD 1631

Khengarji II AD 1645

Tamachi AD 1654

Rayadhan II AD 1665

1698–1715 Pragmalji I (b. 16 ... – d. 1715)

1715–1719 Godji I (b. 16 ... – d. 1718)

1718–1752 Deshalji I (b.1682 – d. 1752)

1741–1752 Lakhpatji (regent) (b. 1717 – d. 1761)

1752–1760 Lakhpatji (b. 1717 – d. 1761)

1760–1778 Godji II (b. 1734 – d. 1778)

1778–1786 Rayadhan III (1st time) (b. 1763 – d. 1813)

1786–1801 Prithvirajji (b. 1774 – d. 1801)

1786 − 5 October 1813 Fateh Muhammad (regent)

5 October 1813 − 30 October 1813 Rayadhan III (2nd time)

30 October 1813 – 6 November 1814 Husain Miyan (regent)

6 November 1814 − 25 March 1819 Bharmalji II (b. 1798 – d. 1846)

25 March 1819 − 26 July 1860 Deshalji II (b. 1814 – d. 1860)

26 July 1860 − 19 December 1875 Pragmalji II (b. 1839 – d. 1875)

19 December 1875 − 15 January 1942 Khengarji III (b. 1866 – d. 1942)

15 January 1942 − 26 February 1948 Vijayaraji (b. 1885 – d. 1948)

26 February 1948 − 1 June 1948 Madansinhji

Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE)

Rawals
Rawal Jaisal Singh

(1153–1168), founder of kingdom

Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)

Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)

Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)

Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)

Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)

Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)

Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)

Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)

Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)

Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)

Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)

Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)

Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)

Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)

Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)

Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)

Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)

Rawal Karan Singh II (1530–1530)

Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)

 Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)

Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)

Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)

Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)

Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)

Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)

Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)

Maharawals
Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)

Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)

Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)

Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)

Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)

Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)

Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)

Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)

Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)

Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)

Titular Kings
Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)

Raghunath Singh (1950–1982)

Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)

Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)[134][135]

Chero dynasty (1174–1813)

Ghughulia

Raja Ramchandar Rai

Raja Sita Ram Rai

Raja Salabahim
 Raja Phulchand

Raja Maharata Rai

Raja Kumkum Chand Rai

Raja Sambhal Rai

Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)

Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)

Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)

Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)

Maharaja Medini Rai (1658–1674)

Raja Pratap Rai

Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)

Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)

Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)

Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)

Raja Devi Batesh Rai

Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)

Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)

Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)

Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)

Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)

Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813)

[136][31][137]

Chutia Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524)

Birpal (1187–1224)

Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)

Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)

Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
 Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)

Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)

Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)

Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)

Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)

Satyanarayan (1401–1421)

Laksminarayan (1421–1439)

Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)

Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)

Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)

Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)

Nitypal (1522–1524)

Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c.

1190–1260)

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)

Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)

Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950)

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438)

 Reign Reign
Name Notes
began ended

He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore

1 Rao Siha dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar 1226 1273
(1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.

Rao Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He
2 1273 1292
Asthan died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.

Rao He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle

3 1292 1309
Doohad against the Parihars.

He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During

Rao
4 a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to 1309 1313
Raipal
the people.

Rao He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in
5 1313 1323
Kanhapal action defending his lands.

Rao He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief
6 1323 1328
Jalansi to mark his supremacy in the region.

Rao
7 1328 1344
Chado

8 Rao Tida He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi. 1344 1357

Rao
9 Kanha 1357 1374
Dev

Rao
10 Viram He died in battle against the Johiyas. 1374 1383
Dev

He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further

Rao
11 conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and 1383 1424
Chandra
Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.

Rao
12 Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore. 1424 1427
Kanha

He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of

Rao
13 Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana 1427 1438
Ranmal
Kumbha.

Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950)

 Reign Reign
Name Notes
began ended

Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He

later founded the city of Jodhpur and made it his 12 May 6 April
1 Rao Jodha
capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and 1438 1489
Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.

Died from wounds after saving 140 women from 6 April March
2 Rao Satal
Afghan raiders. 1489 1492

March 2 October
3 Rao Suja
1492 1515

8
Rao Biram 2 October
4 Son of Bagha November
Singh 1515
1515

8
Assisted Rana Sanga in his campaigns against the 9 May
5 Rao Ganga November
Sultans of India. 1532
1515

Successfully repelled the invasions of Sher Shah 7

Rao 9 May
6 Suri. Called as one of the most potent rulers of November
Maldeo 1532
Hindustan by Ferishta. 1562

Rao 7
He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades
7 Chandra November 1581
against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.
Sen 1562

Raja Udai He was the father in law of Jahangir and got

4 August 11 July
8 Singh Mota married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later
1583 1595
Raja on who became parents of Shah Jahan[138]

7
Sawai Raja 11 July
9 September
Suraj-Mal 1595
1619

7
Maharaja 6 May
10 The first to take the title Maharaja by himself September
Gaj Singh I 1638
1619

Maharaja 28
6 May
11 Jaswant He fought Aurangzeb in the Battle of Dharmatpur. November
1638
Singh 1678?

12 Maharaja Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war 19 24 June

 Ajit Singh with Aurangzeb. Durgadas Rathore played a key role February 1724
in the war. 1679

Installed in opposition to Maharaja Ajit Singh by

Raja Indra 9 June 4 August
13 Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of
Singh 1679 1679
Marwar

Maharaja
Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of 24 June 18 June
14 Abhai
Gujarat for a short time. 1724 1749
Singh

Maharaja 18 June
15 First reign July 1751
Ram Singh 1749

He was the general of the Marwari forces against

Maharaja 21
Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the Battle of
16 Bakht July 1751 September
Gangwana he defeated a combined army of
Singh 1752
Mughals and Kachwahas.

21 31
Maharaja
17 First reign September January
Vijay Singh
1752 1753

31
Maharaja September
18 Second reign January
Ram Singh 1772
1753

Maharaja Second reign – Was defeated by Mahadji Scindia September 17 July

19
Vijay Singh and forced to surrender the fort and city of Ajmer. 1772 1793

19
Maharaja 17 July
20 October
Bhim Singh 1793
1803

19 4
Maharaja Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6
21 October September
Man Singh January 1818.
1803 1843

Maharaja Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great 4 13

22 Sir Takht grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of September February
Singh Ahmednagar. 1843 1873

Maharaja
13 11
Sir
23 Kaisar-i-Hind February October
Jaswant
1873 1895
Singh II

24 Maharaja Colonel in the British Indian Army 11 20 March

 Sir Sardar October 1911
Singh 1895

Maharaja
20 March 3 October
25 Sir Sumair Colonel in the British Indian Army
1911 1918
Singh

Maharaja
3 October 9 June
26 Sir Umaid Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army
1918 1947
Singh

Maharaja
Sir Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the 9 June 7 April
27
Hanwant Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952 1947 1949
Singh

(titular)
26
Maharaja
28 Became head of the House on 26 January 1952 January Present
Gaj Singh II
1952
of Jodhpur

[139]

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)

Aram Shah (1210–1211)

Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)

Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)

Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)

Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)

Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)

Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)

Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)

Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)

 Shamsudin Kayumars(1290)

Khalji dynasty (1290–1320)

Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290–1296)

Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)

Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji (1316)

Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji (1316–1320)

Khusro Khan khilji (1320)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)

Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I (1321–1325)

Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351)

Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)

Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)

Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)

Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)

Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)

Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq
dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)

Malik Sarwar 1394–1399 C.E.

Mubarak Shah Malik Qaranfal 1399–1402

Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah Ibrahim Khan 1402–1440

Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Mahmud Khan 1440–1457

Muhammad Shah Bhi Khan 1457–1458

Hussain Shah Hussain Khan 1458–1479

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

 Khizr Khan (1414–1421)

Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)

Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)

Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)

Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)

Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the
Mughal Empire)

Vaghela dynasty (c. 1244–1304 CE)

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty

Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla

Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva

Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva

Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna
Chaulukya.

Jaffna (Aryacakravarti) dynasty (1277–1619 CE)

List of rulers–
Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty

Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)

Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)

Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)

Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)

Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)

Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)

Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)

 Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)

Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)

Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)

Cankili I (1519–1561)

Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)

Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)

Periyapillai (1565–1582)

Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)

Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty[140]

Kingdom of Tripura (1280–1949 CE)

Manikya dynasty
List of rulers–
Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)

Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)

Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)

 Kingdom of Tripura

Part of History of Tripura

Kings of Tripura
Maha Manikya c. 1400–1431

Dharma Manikya I 1431–1462

Ratna Manikya I 1462–1487

Pratap Manikya 1487

Vijaya Manikya I 1488

Mukut Manikya 1489

Dhanya Manikya 1490–1515

Dhwaja Manikya 1515–1520

Deva Manikya 1520–1530

Indra Manikya I 1530–1532

Vijaya Manikya II 1532–1563

Ananta Manikya 1563–1567

Udai Manikya I 1567–1573

Joy Manikya I 1573–1577

Amar Manikya 1577–1585

Rajdhar Manikya I 1586–1600

Ishwar Manikya 1600

Yashodhar Manikya 1600–1623

Interregnum 1623–1626

Kalyan Manikya 1626–1660

Govinda Manikya 1660–1661

Chhatra Manikya 1661–1667

Govinda Manikya 1661–1673

Rama Manikya 1673–1685

Ratna Manikya II 1685–1693

Narendra Manikya 1693–1695

Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712

Mahendra Manikya 1712–1714

Dharma Manikya II 1714–1725

Jagat Manikya 1725–1729

Dharma Manikya II 1729

Mukunda Manikya 1729–1739

Joy Manikya II c. 1739–1744

Indra Manikya II c. 1744–1746

Udai Manikya II c. 1744

Joy Manikya II 1746

Vijaya Manikya III 1746–1748

Lakshman Manikya 1740s/1750s

Interregnum 1750s–1760

Krishna Manikya 1760–1783

Rajdhar Manikya II 1785–1806

Rama Ganga Manikya 1806–1809

Durga Manikya 1809–1813

Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826

Kashi Chandra Manikya 1826–1829

Krishna Kishore Manikya 1829–1849

Ishan Chandra Manikya 1849–1862

Bir Chandra Manikya 1862–1896

Birendra Kishore Manikya 1909–1923

Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya 1923–1947

Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1947–1949

1949–1978 (titular)

Kirit Pradyot Manikya 1978–present (titular)

Tripura monarchy data

Manikya dynasty (Royal family)

Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)

Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)

Neermahal (Royal residence)

Rajmala (Royal chronicle)

 Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)

Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

v t e (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Kingdom_of_Tripura&action=edit)

On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15
October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[141]

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)

Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)

Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)

Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)

Daud Shah I (1378)

Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)

Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)

Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)

Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)

Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar

Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)

Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)

Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)

Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)

Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)

Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)

Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)

Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)

Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)

Ghoris (1390–1436)
Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
 Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)

Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)

Masud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535)
Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)

Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)

Nasr Shah (1500–1511)

Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Under Gujarat (1530–1534)
Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523)

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[142][143]

 Name in
dynasty's
Reign Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
inscriptions
(IAST)

c. 1375-1400 Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's
Vīrasiṃha-
(c. 1394-1400 writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in
deva
in Gwalior) Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[144]

Uddharaṇa- Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's

c. 1400–1402
deva writings)[145]

Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in
Virāma-deva c. 1402–1423
Firishta's writings)

Gaṇapati-deva 1423–1425 Ganpati Dev

Dungarendra-
deva alias
1425–1459 Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Dungara-
siṃha

Kirtisiṃha-
1459–1480 Kirti Singh Tomar
deva

Kalyāṇamalla 1480–1486 Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh

Māna-siṃha 1486–1516 Mana Sahi, Man Singh

Vikramāditya 1516–1523 Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Shahi dynasties (1490–1686)

Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619)

Qasim Barid I 1490–1504

Amir Barid I 1504–1542

Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580

Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587

Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591

Ali Barid Shah II 1591

Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601

 Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609

Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572)

Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)

Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)

Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)

Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)

Tufal Khan 1574

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)

Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)

Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)

Mallu Adil Shah (1534)

Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)

Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)

Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)

Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)

Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)

Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)

Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510

Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553

Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565

Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588

Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589

Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591

Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595

Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596

Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596

Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600

 Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610

Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631

Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633

Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636

Qadirid (1535–1555)
Qadir Shah (1535–1542)

Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686)

Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)

Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)

Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)

Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)

Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)

Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)

Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)

Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826)

Sukaphaa (1228–1268)

Suteuphaa (1268–1281)

Subinphaa (1281–1293)

Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)

Sukhrampha (1332–1364)

Interregnum (1364–1369)

Sutuphaa (1369–1376)

Interregnum (1376–1380)

Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)

Interregnum (1389–1397)

Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
Sujangphaa (1407–1422)

Suphakphaa (1422–1439)

Susenphaa (1439–1488)

Suhenphaa (1488–1493)

Supimphaa (1493–1497)

Swarganarayan (1497–1539)

Suklenmung (1539–1552)

Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)

Pratap Singha (1603–1641)

Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)

Sutingphaa (1644–1648)

Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)

Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)

Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)

Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)

Suhunga (1674–1675)

Gobar (1675–1675)

Sujinphaa (1675–1677)

Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)

Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)

Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)

Rudra Singha (1696–1714)

Siba Singha (1714–1744)

Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)

Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)

Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)

Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)

Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)

 Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)

Purandar Singha (1818–1819)

Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)

Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)

Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

Baro-Bhuyan (1576–1632)

Isa Khan

Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)

Masum Khan

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)

There were two Musunuri Nayak:

Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)

Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333–1368)

Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)

Known rulers are:

Anapota Nayaka

Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)

This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:

Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)

Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)

Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)

Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)

Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)

Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)

Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)

 Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)

Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)

Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)

Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)

Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)

Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)

Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)

Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)

Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)

Shivappa Nayaka (1645–1660)

Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)

Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)

Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)

Keladi Chennamma (1672–1697)

Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)

Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)

Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)

Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)

Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)

Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)

Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:

Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)

Chennappa Nayaka

Gangama Nayaka

Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka

Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka

Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka

Varadappa Nayaka
 Ramalinga Nayani vaaru

Venkata Perumal Naidu

Periya Ramabhadra Naidu

Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)

Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions
the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386
/ CE 1464:

1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak

1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became
Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).

1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak

1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak

1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak

1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak

Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.

Madurai Nayak dynasty (c. 1529–1736 CE)

Viswanatha Nayak (1529–1563)

Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)

Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)

Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)

Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)

Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)

Tirumala Nayak (1623–1659)

Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)

Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–1682)

Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)

Rani Mangammal (1689–1704)

Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)

Queen Meenakshi (1731–1736)

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)
Chevvappa Nayak a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)

Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)

Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)

Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

Chinna Bommi Reddy

Thimma Reddy Nayak

Lingama Nayak

Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)

Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)

Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)

Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)

Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)

Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)

Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)

Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)

Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)

Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)

Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)

Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)

Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),

Madakari Nayaka (1758–1779)

Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)

Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)

Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)

Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)

 Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)[146][147]

Other Nayaka kingdoms

Nayakas of Shorapur

Nayakas of Kalahasti

Nayakas of Harappanahalli

Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya

Nayakas of Kuppam

Nayakas of Rayalaseema

Nayakas of Jarimale

Nayakas of Gudekote

Nayakas of Nayakanahatti[148][149]

Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448 CE)

List of rulers–
Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty

Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)

Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)

Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)

Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)

Allada Reddy (1414–1423)

Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty

Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (1325–1526

CE)

List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[150]

Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE

Atirupa Thakur

Vishwarupa Thakur
 Govinda Thakur

Lakshman Thakur

Kameshwar Thakur

Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years

Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running
internecine dispute

Kirti Singh

Bhava Singh Deva

Deva Simha Singh

Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in
1406[151][152]

Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She
committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[151]

Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431[151]

Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443

Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh

Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460

Dhir Singh Deva

Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva

Rambhadra Deva

Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE)

In Vijayanagara Empire four dynasties ruled for 310 years on whole South India.[153]

List of rulers–
 Vijayanagara Empire

Sangama dynasty

Harihara I 1336–1356

Bukka Raya I 1356–1377

Harihara Raya II 1377–1404

Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405

Bukka Raya II 1405–1406

Deva Raya I 1406–1422

Ramachandra Raya 1422

Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424

Deva Raya II 1424–1446

Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465

Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485

Praudha Raya 1485

Saluva dynasty

Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491

Thimma Bhupala 1491

Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505

Tuluva dynasty

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503

Vira Narasimha Raya 1503–1509

Krishna Deva Raya 1509–1529

Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542

Venkata I 1542

Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570

Aravidu dynasty

Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565

Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572

Sriranga I 1572–1586

Venkata II 1586–1614

Sriranga II 1614

Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632

Venkata III 1632–1642

Sriranga III 1642–1646

 Gatti Mudalis (15th–17th century)

Vanagamudi Gatti

Immudi Gatti

Gatti Mudali

Kingdom of Mysore (1371–1950)

Wadiyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)

Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)

Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)

Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)

Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)

Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)

Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)

Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)

Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)

Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)

Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)

Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)

(Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)

Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)

Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)

Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)

Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)

Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)

(Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761

Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali

 Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali

Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under
Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.

Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)

Hyder Ali (1761–1782)

Tipu Sultan–(1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali.

Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)

(Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)

Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)

H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894
to 1902

(Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)

Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

Gajapati Empire (1434–1541)

Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)

Purushottama Deva (1467–97)

Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)

Kalua Deva (1540–41)

Kakharua Deva (1541)

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1472–1950)

 Reign Reign
Name
Began Ended

1 Rao Bika 1472 1504

2 Rao Narayan Singh 1504 1505

3 Rao Luna Karana Lon-Karan 1505 1526

4 Rao Jait Singh Jetasi 1526 1542

Rao Kalyan Mal – Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor Akbar at

5 1542 1574
Nagaur in November 1570

Rao Rai Singh I Rai Rai Singh – Important General in the Mughal army
6 1574 1612
Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber.

7 Rai Dalpat Singh Dalip 1612 1613

8 Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya 1613 1631

Rao Karan Singh Jangalpat Badhshah – Deposed by Emperor Aurangzeb

9 for dereliction of duty at Attock, 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel 1631 1667
gardens at Karanpura, in the Deccan

Maharaja Rao Anup Singh – To be the first to be granted the title

'Maharaja' by Emperor Aurangzeb. Served in the Deccan campaign at
10 Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in 1687. He was 1669 1698
administrator of Aurangabad 1677–1678, Hakim of Adoni, 1678,
Imtiazgarh, Adoni 1689–1693, and of Nusratabad, Sukkar 1693–1698.

Maharaja Rao Sarup Singh – He died from smallpox, at Adoni, in the

11 1698 1700
Deccan, 15 December 1700.

Maharaja Rao Sujan Singh – Ordered to attend Emperor Aurangzeb in the

Deccan, where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from Maharaja
12 1700 1735
Abhai Singh of Jodhpur and Maharaja Bakht Singh of Nagaur, but
successfully repulsed both.

13 Maharaja Rao Zorawar Singh 1735 1746

Maharaja Rao Gaj Singh – the first of his line granted permission to mint
14 1746 1787
his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II

15 Maharaja Rao Rai Singh II Raj Singh 1787 1787

Maharaja Rao Pratap Singh – Reigned under the Regency of his uncle
16 1787 1787
Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne

17 Maharaja Rao Surat Singh – He incurred huge debts due to his military 1787 1828
adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the
 protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance on 9 March
1818.

Narendra Maharaja Rao Ratan Singh – received the hereditary title of

18 Narendra Maharaja from Emperor Akbar Shah II and assisted the British by 1828 1851
furnishing them with supplies during the First Afghan War of 1841.

Narendra Maharaja Rao Sardar Singh – Assisted the British during the
Indian Uprising of 1857 and served in person during many of the battles.
19 1851 1872
Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the
words with "Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria".

Narendra Maharaja Rao Dungar Singh – Assisted the British during the
20 1872 1887
Second Afghan War.

General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Ganga Singh – Member of Parliament

(Lok Sabha) for Bikaner, 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India
21 amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely 1887 1943
states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the
last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the League of Nations.

Lieutenant-General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Sadul Singh – Signed the

instrument of accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947.
22 1943 1950
Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March
1949.

23 Rao Karni Singh 1950 1971

[154]

Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the
first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.

1. Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)

2. Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)

3. Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)

4. Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)

5. Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)

6. Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)

 7. Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)

8. Godavarma (1637–1645)

9. Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)

10. Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)

11. Rama Varma I (1650–1656)

12. Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)

13. Rama Varma II (1658–1662)

14. Goda Varma (1662–1663)

15. Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)

16. Rama Varma III (1687–1693)

17. Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)

18. Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)

19. Rama Varma V (1701–1721)

20. Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)

21. Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)

22. Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)

23. Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)

24. Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)

25. Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)

26. Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)

27. Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in
"Vellarapali")

28. Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King
who died in "karkidaka" month (Kollam Era))

29. Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died
in "Thulam" month (ME))

30. Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died
in "Edavam" month (ME))

31. Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in
"Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
 32. Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in
"Kashi" or Varanasi)

33. Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in
"Makaram" month (ME))

34. Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who
died in "Mithunam" month (ME))

35. Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died
in "Chingam" month (ME))

36. Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)

37. Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in
Madras or Chennai)

38. Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil
Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")

39. Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran

40. Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)

41. Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran

42. Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran

Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)

Biswa Singha (1515–1540)

Nara Narayan (1540–1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)

Lakshmi Narayan

Bir Narayan

Pran Narayan

Basudev Narayan

Mahindra Narayan

Roop Narayan

Upendra Narayan
 Devendra Narayan

Dhairjendra Narayan

Rajendra Narayan

Dharendra Narayan

Harendra Narayan

Shivendra Narayan

Narendra Narayan

Nripendra Narayan[155]

Rajendra Narayan II

Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi)

Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled till 1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)

Raghudev (son of Chilarai, nephew of Nara Narayan)

Parikshit Narayan

Rulers of Darrang

Parikshit Narayana was attacked by the Mughals stationed at Dhaka in alliance with Lakshmi
Narayan of Koch Bihar in 1612. His kingdom Koch Hajo, bounded by Sankosh River in the
west and Barnadi river in the east, was occupied by the end of that year. Parikshit Narayan
was sent to Delhi for an audience with the Mughal Emperor, but his brother Balinarayan
escaped and took refuge in the Ahom kingdom. The region to the east of Barnadi and up to
the Bharali river was under the control of some Baro-Bhuyan chieftains, but they were soon
removed by the Mughals. In 1615 the Mughals, under Syed Hakim and Syed Aba Bakr,
attacked the Ahoms but were repelled back to the Barnadi river. The Ahom king, Prataap
Singha, then established Balinarayan as a vassal in the newly acquired region between
Barnadi and Bharali rivers, and called it Darrang. Balinarayan's descendants continued to rule
the region till it was annexed by the British in 1826.[156]

Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)

Mahendra Narayan

Chandra Narayan

Surya Narayan

Rulers of Beltola
 Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of Koch Hajo, brother of Balinarayan,
first Koch ruler of Darrang).

Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)

Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)

Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)

Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)

Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)

Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)

Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)

Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)

Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)

Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)

Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to
the east of Koch Bihar.

Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)

Joy Narayan

Shiv Narayan

Bijoy Narayan

Mukunda Narayan

Haridev Narayan

Balit Narayan

Indra Narayan

Amrit Narayan

Kumud Narayan

Jogendra Narayan

Bhairabendra Narayan

Rulers of Khaspur
The Barak valley was obtained by Chilarai in 1562[157] from the Twipra kingdom during his
expedition when he subjugated most of the major rulers in Northeast India and established
the Khaspur state with a garrison at Brahmapur, that eventually came to be called Khaspur
(Brahmapur→Kochpur→Khaspur). The Koch rule began with the appointment of Kamal
Narayan (step-brother of Chilarai and Naranarayan) as the Dewan a couple of years after the
establishment of the garrison.[158] Kamalnarayan established eighteen clans of Koch families
that took hereditary roles in the state of Khaspur and who came to be known as Dheyans
(after Dewan).[159] The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged
with the Kachari kingdom.[157]

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:[157]

Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)

Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)

Vijay Narayana

Dhir Narayana

Mahendra Narayana

Ranjit

Nara Singha

Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of Kachari kingdom, and
Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila

(1526–1947 CE)

List of rulers–
Raja Mahesh Thakur (Aprox 1526–1557)

Raja Gopal Thakur (Aprox 1557–1600)

Raja Parmanand Thakur (Aprox 1600–1607)

Raja Purushottam Thakur (ruled 1607–1623)

Raja Narayan Thakur (ruled 1623–1642).

Raja Sundar Thakur (ruled 1642–1662)

Raja Mahinath Thakur (ruled 1662–1684)

Raja Nirpat Thakur (ruled 1684–1700)

Raja Raghu Singh (ruled 1700–1736)

Raja Bishnu Singh (ruled 1736–1740)

Raja Narendra Singh (ruled 1740–1760)

Raja Pratap Singh (ruled 1760–1776)

Raja Madho Singh (ruled 1776–1808)

Maharaja Chhatra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1808–1839)

Maharaja Rudra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1839–1850)

Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1850–1860)

Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1860–1898)

Maharaja Rameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1898–1929)

Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1929–1947), last ruler of dynasty[160]

Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)

Babur (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty

Humayun (1530–1540)

Akbar (1556–1605)

Jahangir (1605–1627)

Shah Jahan (1627–1657)

Aurangzeb (1658–1707)

Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)

Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)

Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)

Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)

Rafi ud Darajat (1719)

Rafi ud Daulah (1719)

Nikusiyar (1719)

Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)

Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)

 Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)

Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)

Alamgir II (1754–1759)

Shah Jahan III (1760)

Shah Alam II (1759–1806)

Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)

Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1837–1857), last of Mughals

Sur Empire (1540–1555 CE)

Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal
Emperor Humayun

Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)

Firuz Shah Suri (1554)

Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)

Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)

Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)

Adil Shah Suri (1555–1556), last ruler of dynasty

Bhoi dynasty (1541–1947 CE)

Gajapati of Odisha
Govinda Vidyadhara (1541–1548), founder of dynasty

Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)

Narasimha Jena (1557–1558)

Raghuram Chhotaraya (1558–1560)

Khurda Kingdom
Ramachandra Deva I (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)

Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)

Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)

Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)

 Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)

Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)

Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)

Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)

Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)

Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)

Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)

Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804)

Puri Estate
Mukundeva Deva II (1804–1817) (exiled and continues as Raja of Puri)

Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)

Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)

Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)

Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)

Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1947), last official ruler of dynasty[161]

Titular rulers
Ramchandra Deva IV (1947–1956)

Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)

Divyasingha Deva IV (1970–current, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati)

Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (1642–1975 CE)

Phuntsog Namgyal (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first
Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.

Tensung Namgyal (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.

Chakdor Namgyal (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who
fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.

Gyurmed Namgyal (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.

Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.

Tenzing Namgyal (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
 Tsugphud Namgyal (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the
capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British
India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling
was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton
Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and
Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British
Raj.

Sidkeong Namgyal (1863–1874)

Thutob Namgyal (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in
Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.

Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10
February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious
circumstances.

Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving
India suzerainty over Sikkim.

Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.

Maratha Empire (1674–1947 CE)

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died
on 3 April 1680)

Dharmaveer Sambhaji Maharaja (1680–1689), elder son of Shivaji

Rajaram Chhatrapati (1689–1700), younger son of Shivaji

Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram

Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family (c. 1707–1710); and the division
was formalized in 1731.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947 CE)

Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)

Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)

Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II

 Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of
Sambhaji II

Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior
widow

Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)

Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)

Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)

Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)

Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)

Council of regency (1870–94)

Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow

Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow

Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)

Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II

Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow

Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior;
adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1950 CE)

Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.

Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.

Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.

Pratapsinh (1808–1839)

Shahaji III (1839–1848)

Pratapsinh I (adopted)

Rajaram III

Pratapsinh II

Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

The Peshwas (1713–1858 CE)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled
instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were
hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

Balaji Vishwanath (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)

Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)

Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)

Madhavrao Ballal (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)

Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August
1773)

Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)

Sawai Madhavrao (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)

Baji Rao II (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)

Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)

Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947 CE)

Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)

Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)

Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)

Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)

Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)

Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)

Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)

Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)

Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)

Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)

Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)

Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)

Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947 CE)

 Ranojirao Scindia (1731–19 July 1745)

Jayapparao Scindia (1745–25 July 1755)

Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745

Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760

Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763

Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)

Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)

Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794

Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827

Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843

Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886

Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925

George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May
1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)

Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948 CE)

Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)

Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)

Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)

Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)

Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)

Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)

Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)

Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)

Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)

Khanderao Harirao Holkar II (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)

 Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)

Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)

Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)

Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The
monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV
Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1738–1854 CE)

Raghoji I (1738–1755)

Janoji (1755–1772)

Sabaji (1772–1775)

Mudhoji I (1775–1788)

Raghoji II (1788–1816)

Parsoji Bhonsle (1800–1850)

Mudhoji II (1816–1818)

Raghoji III (1818–1853)

The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.[162]

Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the
17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was Thanjavur Marathi. Venkoji, Shahaji's son
and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.[163]

List of rulers
Venkoji

Shahuji I of Thanjavur

Serfoji I

Tukkoji

Pratapsingh of Thanjavur

Thuljaji
 Serfoji II

Shivaji II of Thanjavur

The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British

Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)

Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)

Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)

Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)

Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)

Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)

Mir Jafar (1757–1760)

Mir Qasim (1760–1763)

Mir Jafar (1763–1765)

Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)

Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)

Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)

Safdarjung (1737–1753)

Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)

Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)

Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)

Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)

Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)

Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)

Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)

Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)

Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)

Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)
Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)

Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)

Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)

Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)

Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)

Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)

Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)

Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)

Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)

Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949)

Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)

Dharma Raja (1758–1798)

Balarama Varma (1798–1810)

Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)

Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)

Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)

Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)

Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)

Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)

Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)

Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)

Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849)

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)

 Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh

Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh

Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent

Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh

Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh
Wars

Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952)

 Ruler Reign Notes

Founder of Dogra dynasty and the first Maharaja of the Princely State of
Jammu and Kashmir, the second largest princely state under the British
Raj, which was created after the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the First
Gulab 1846–
Anglo-Sikh War. The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) formalised the sale by the
Singh 1856
British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands
in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the
Treaty of Lahore.

Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to poor
health. He allied with the British during the Sepoy Mutiny. Unlike European
women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in
Ranbir 1856– his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He
Singh 1885 was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went
on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the
state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal
laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign.

Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra
rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh's era was a
period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He
established local self governing bodies, democratic processes,
Pratap 1885–
educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure
Singh 1925
development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-
government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore
and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had
undergone significant social and cultural transformation.

Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap
Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state,
introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship
to the low castes. He signed the Instrument of Accession of Jammu and
Hari 1925–
Kashmir to the Union of India on 26 October 1947, through which the
Singh 1952
Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of
India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the
monarchy was abolished by Government of India under Jawaharlal
Nehru.

Karan 1949– Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of
Singh
1952 eighteen and served till the monarchy's abolition in 1952. He was
(Prince appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and Governor of the
Regent) State in 1964.

Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947)

Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901)

King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910)

King-Emperor George V (1910–1936)

King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936)

King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947)[nb 1]

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

George VI, King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June
1948.

Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)

George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)

Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)

See also

History of India

History of Hinduism

History of Pakistan

Middle kingdoms of India

Timeline of Indian history

List of Rajput dynasties and states

List of Hindu empires and dynasties

List of wars involving India

List of rulers of Bengal

List of rulers of Odisha

 List of rulers of Assam

List of rulers of Malwa

List of Tamil monarchs

Notes

1. The title "Emperor of India" did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947,
but in 1947, as when India became the Dominion of India (1947–1950) after independence in 1947,
George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained
monarch of India until it became the Republic of India in 1950.[164]

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Sources and external links

Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace–Great Mughal Emperors of India (https://web.archive.org/

web/20090119095422/http://paradoxplace.com/Insights/Civilizations/Mughals/Mughal
s.htm)

This article includes a rulers-related list of lists.

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
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