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Name Class Date

1 The table shows three different variations in humans. Put ticks () in the boxes to fully describe
the types of variation for each.

Variation Inherited Environmental Continuous Discontinuous

number of scars
blood group
height
(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

2 Blowflies lay their eggs on the bodies of dead animals. The ‘maggots’ hatch out of the eggs and
eat the dead animals.
Ten blowfly maggots are put in the centre of a piece of apparatus called a choice chamber. The
choice chamber has four areas with different sets of conditions. The positions of the maggots
after 15 minutes are shown in the diagram.

(a) What conclusion can be made from the investigation? Tick one box.

A Maggots like damp and light places best.

B Maggots like damp and dark places best.

C Maggots like dry and light places best.

D Maggots move to dark and light places.

(1)
(b) Suggest one reason for how this adaptation of blowfly maggots helps the maggots to
survive.

(1)

(Total for Question 2 = 2 marks)

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3 A fish called the blue pike used to live in the Great Lakes of Canada. The blue pike became
extinct in 1975. The extinction was partly because a new species of fish had been put into the
lakes.
(a) Describe how putting a new species in the lakes could have reduced the population of blue
pike.

(1)

(b) There were several reasons why the blue pike became extinct. Describe a human activity
that could have helped cause blue pike to go extinct.

(1)

(Total for Question 3 = 2 marks)

4 (a) The red panda is an endangered mammal. Red pandas live in the trees in the forests in
China. Explain one way of making sure the red panda does not become extinct.

(1)
(b) Give one reason why we should try to keep a high biodiversity.

(1)
(Total for Question 4 = 2 marks)

5 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.

Many scientists think dinosaurs died out because a meteorite hit the Earth and sent huge
amounts of dust into the atmosphere. This dust affected the plants.
Explain how the effect of the dust on plants could have caused the dinosaurs to die out.

(Total for Question 5 = 2 marks)

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6 Deer mice live in the USA. The deer mice live on the ground.
In hills where there is a lot of pale sand, the mice are usually a pale colour. In other places, the
deer mice are usually a dark colour. Explain the difference in colour.

(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

7 (a) Which part of a cell are chromosomes found in? Tick one box.

A cell surface membrane

B nucleus

C cytoplasm

D cell wall

(1)

(b) Name one substance found in chromosomes. Tick one box.

A DNA

B chlorophyll

C fibre

D haemoglobin

(1)

(c) Explain how chromosomes cause inherited characteristics.

(2)

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(d) Complete the diagram below to show the total number of chromosomes in some different
human cells. Write the correct number of chromosomes in each white square.

(2)
(e) What is process X? Tick one box.

A cell death

B cell subtraction

C cell division

D cell growth

(1)
(f) Explain why two brothers (not identical twins) look similar to each other, but do not look
exactly the same as each other.

(1)
(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

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8 The charts show the beak sizes of a bird species called the Galapagos ground finch.
The top chart shows the beak size during a time of normal rainfall (measured and counted in
1976).
The lower chart shows the beak size of the birds in 1978 after a drought in 1977. During the
drought, plants produced fewer seeds. The seeds that the plants produced were larger than the
seeds produced when there was normal rainfall.

(a) Explain what caused the difference between the two charts.

(4)

(b) Name the process described in your answer to part (a).

(1)

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(Total for Question 8 = 5 marks)

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