MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CĂN BẢN THƯỜNG GẶP

1. Đưa ra lời đề nghị, lời khuyên dùng các cấu trúc:

Let’s + V
How/what about + V-ing?
Would you mind + V-ing?
Why don’t we/you + V?
Why not + V?
S + advise/suggest + V-ing
S + suggest (that) + S + (should) + V
Let’s go for a ride?
What about going for a ride?
2. Lần thứ mấy … làm chuyện gì:
S + have/has + never + V3/ed
S + have/has + not + V3/ed + before
It/This is the first time (that) + S + have/has + V3/ed
I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
3. Cho ý kiến đánh giá một sự việc:
It + be + adj (for O) + to-V
To V/V-ing + be + adj (for O)
It is not easy to learn Vietnamese.
To learn/Learning Vietnamese is not easy.
It is dangerous to drive a car than to drive a motorbike.
To drive a car is more dangerous than to drive a motobike.
4. Mất thời gian làm việc gì:
S + spend + time + V-ing
S + last(s) + time
It + takes/took + O + time + to-V
He spent 15 minutes finishing the exercise.
The flight to Hanoi lasts about 2 hours.
It takes about 2 hours to fly to Hanoi.
5. Thói quen o hiện tại và trong quá khứ:
- Ở hiện tại:
S + often/usually + V
S + find + it + adj + to-V
 S + be used to + V-ing
They usually drink milk in the morning = They are used to drinking milk in the morning.
- Ở quá khứ:
S + used to + V => S + no longer + V = S + not….. any more/ any longer.
He used to smoke cigarrettes => He no longer smokes cigarrettes/ He doesn’t smoke
cigarrettes any more.
6. Cấu trúc với ENOUGH, TOO…TO, SO….THAT, SUCH….THAT
- TOO +adj/adv + (for sb) + TO inf (quá ….đến nỗi mà…)
He is too young to go to school.
- ENOUGH (đủ)
He is strong enough to lift the box.
1
 He doesn’t drive carefully enough to pass the driving test.
- SO…THAT (quá ….đến nỗi mà)
SO + adj/adv + THAT + clause
He is very strong. He can lift the box
 He is so strong that he can lift the box.
- SUCH…THAT (quá đến nỗi mà)
SUCH (a/an) + adj + Noun + THAT + clause
He is a very lazy boy. Nobody likes him.
 He is such a lazy boy that nobody likes him.
7. Cấu trúc với ALTHOUGH/THOUGH, DESPITE/IN SPITE OF, BECAUSE, BECAUSE OF.
- Although/though + clause (mệnh đề)
- Despite/ In spite of + phrase ( cụm danh từ, V-ing)
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
 Despite/ In spite of getting late, Tom got to school on time.
- Because + clause (mệnh đề)
Because of + phrase (cụm danh từ, V-ing)
I stay at home because I am sick today.
 Because of sickness, I stay at home.
8. Do/Would you mind + V-ing…? (yêu cầu ai làm gì)
Do you mind if + S + V-nguyên mẫu …..? = Would you mind + if + S + V2/ed …?
( Xin phép ai làm gì)
Would you mind opening the door? - No, of course not.
Would you mind if I opened the door? - Please do/ No problem/ Not at all.
9. Đã đến lúc phải làm gì
It’s (high) time + S + V2/ed
It’s (high) time + for sb + to do st
It is time I had dinner.
It is high time for me to have dinner.
10. To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing = S + would rather +V-inf + than +V-inf
( thích làm gì hơn làm gì)
I prefer dog to cat
I prefer listening to reading.
She would rather play games than study.
I’d rather English than French.
S1 + would rather + S2 + V2/ed-simple past : muốn ai đó làm gì
I’d rather you didn’t smoke here.
I’d rather you studied now.
11. Chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ và ngược lại
- This is the first time I have seen you= I have never seen you before/haven’t seen you
before.
- The last time I saw that film was 2 years ago = I haven’t seen that film for 2 years =
It’s/has been 2 years since I last saw that film.
- When did you learn English? = How long have you learned English?