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The Effect of the Surface Area of Apples when Placed in

Soda/Vinegar/Salt Water Solutions

Research Question:

How will the apples react differently to different solutions while having various surface areas?

Hypothesis:

The diffusion rate will rise if the concentration gradient is higher than the apple and also has a larger

surface area. This is because the surface area of bigger apple pieces is greater than that of smaller apple

bits, which have a lower surface area. For instance, two pieces of fruit with the same volume but different

lengths are apples. The longer piece of apple is observed to have a greater influence while the smaller

piece suggests a lesser impact once it is dissolved in a solution with a significant centration gradient.

More molecules can fit around the surface of the apple on the longer slice since it has a bigger surface

area. In other words, the rate of diffusion increases with surface area.

Background Information:

The rate of diffusion and osmosis will be examined in this experiment. Diffusion is the process by which

molecules move from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration. The term "concentration

gradient" refers to the differential between the two places' molecule concentrations. Osmosis is the

process by which water molecules pass across a cell's partly permeable membrane from a solution with a

high concentration of water molecules to one with a lower concentration.

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Variables:

Independent Variable - Type of solution (cola, vinegar and salt)

Dependant Variable - Rate of diffusion (cm3/s)

- Surface area (cm2)

- Volume (cm3)

- Weight (g)

Controlled Variable - Solvent/solution (ml)

- Time

- Temperature (oC)

Materials:

- 100ml Coca Cola

- 100ml Rice vinegar

- 100ml distilled water

- 3 beakers

- 2 apple

- 1 cylinder cutter

- Table salt (1.76g of salt)

- Lab spoon

- Electronic weighing machine

- Ruler

- Scalpel

- Vinegar(3g)
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Method:

1. Use the cylinder cutter and cut the apples until there are 6 pieces of 6cm apples and 6 pieces of

3cm apples.

2. Using the scalpel, cut 6 pieces of apples to make them 3cm long.

3. Weigh each apple piece and record them

4. Pour 80 ml of distilled water with 3g of vinegar into one beaker

5. Pour 80 ml of salt water into another

6. And pour 80 ml of coke into the third beaker

7. In the beaker of distilled water, add 4 spoons of table salt and mix well.

8. Put two pieces of apple (one 3cm and another 6cm) into the beaker.

9. Leave the beakers for 1 lesson.

Details:

Table 1
Coca Cola Solution

Weight Before(g) Weight After(g)

6cm apple pairs 6.40 6.49

3cm apple pairs 3.19 3.9

Vinegar Solution

6cm apple pairs 6.50 5.69

3cm apple pairs 3.12 2.95

Salt Water Solution

6cm apple pairs 6.19 5.80

3cm apple pairs 3.33 3.02

Table 2
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Starting time Ending time Water in each test Amount of potato

tube cylinders in each test

tube

9/7/2022, 9:29am 9/9/2022, 2:05pm 80ml 2

Data collection:

Table 3

Types of apple Weight Before(g) Weight Afterwards(g) Average Length

Afterwards(cm)

Short apple cylinders 3.19 3.9 3

(Cola )

Short apple cylinders 3.12 2.95 2.65

(Vinegar)

Short apple cylinders 3.33 3.02 2.9

(Salt)

Table 4

Types of apple Weight Before(g) Weight Afterwards(g) Average Length

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Afterwards(cm)

Long apple cylinders 6.40 6.49 6

(Cola)

Long apple cylinders 6.50 5.69 5.8

(Vinegar)

Long apple cylinders 6.19 5.80 6

(Salt)

Types of apple Surface Area before (cm 2) Surface Area after (cm 2)

Short apple cylinders 7.36 6.42

(Cola )

Short apple cylinders 7.36 5.76

(Vinegar)

Short apple cylinders 7.36 6.03

(Salt)

Long apple cylinders 13.96 11.87

(Cola)

Long apple cylinders 13.96 11.49

(Vinegar)

Long apple cylinders 13.96 11.87

(Salt)
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To be able to determine the percentage difference between the weight percentage before and after

the apple diffusion experiment. You must use these steps: Weight (before) minus Weight (after),

divided by Weight (before), multiplied by 100, is the formula.

Graph 1

Graph 2
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Graph 3:
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Analysis:

After the apples were left in different solutions for roughly around 50 hours, the weight of the apples in

cola increased slightly. The weight of the apples in the other solutions all similarly decreased. The length

of all the apples seemingly decreased after being left in the solutions. The surface area of all the apples

noticeably decreased.

Conclusion

My hypothesis was somewhat incorrect since I did not fully predict the out all the individual outcomes of

the experiment however, what I wrote in my hypothesis was technically true with the outcome. I could

have improved on the time management of writing up my experiment, other than that I’m relieved that my

team took a risk with apples so we have a more unique experiment compared to the potato one. In the end,

my hypothesis wasn’t detailed but it was correct.

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Date Description Due Date

Sep 5th Prep the experiment; talk to team End of lesson

Sep 6th Check on the beakers; record data End of lesson

Sep 7th Record data; crit C