CONTENTS 1.

Introduction

Telecom History

2. Profile of Companies under study 3. Research Methodology

4. 5. Findings

Research Design Sample design Objective of the Project Sampling or Sample Size Analysis of data

Recommendations and Suggestions Bibliography

6.

A Brief History of Telecommunication The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe; however it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear. This article details the history of telecommunication and the individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what they are today. The history of telecommunication is an important part of the larger history of communication. In 1792, a French engineer, Claude Chappe built the first visual telegraphy (or semaphore) system between Lille and Paris. This was followed by a line from Strasbourg to Paris. In 1794, a Swedish engineer, Abraham Edelcrantz built a quite different system from Stockholm to Drottningholm. As opposed to Chappe's system which involved pulleys rotating beams of wood, Edelcrantz's system relied only upon shutters and was therefore faster A very early experiment in electrical telegraphy was an 'electrochemical' telegraph created by the German physician, anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von Smmering in 1809, based on an earlier, less robust design of 1804 by Catalan polymath and scientist Francisco Salv i Campillo.[ The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in England by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke. It used the deflection of needles to represent messages and started operating over twenty-one kilometres (thirteen miles) of the Great Western Railway on 9 April 1839. Both Wheatstone and Cooke viewed their device as "an improvement to the [existing] electromagnetic telegraph" not as a new device. Telecommunication is a term coming from Greek and meaning communication at distance through signals of varied nature coming from a transmitter to a receiver. In order to achieve effective communication, the choice of a proper mean of transport for the signal has played (and still plays) a fundamental role. In ancient times, the most common way of producing a signal would be through light (fires) and sound (drums and horns). However, those kinds communications were insecure and certainly left room to improvement as they did not permit message encryption nor a fast transmission of information on a large scale. The true jump in terms of quality came with the advent of electricity. Electromagnetic energy, in fact, is able to transport information in an extremely fast way (ideally to the speed of light), in a way that previously had no equals in terms of costs reliability. Therefore, we may say that the starting point of all modern telecommunications was the invention of the electric cell by Alessandro Volta (1800). It was shortly thereafter that the first experiments on more advanced communication system begun. In 1809, Thomas S. Sommering proposed a telegraphic system composed of a battery, 35 wires (one for each letter and number) and a group of sensors made of gold, which were submerged in a water tank: when a signal was passing from one of those wires, electrical current would split water molecules, and small oxygen bubbles would be visible near that sensor. Many other experiments were soon to follow: Wheatstone, Weber and Karl Friedrich Gauss tried to further develop Sommerings idea in a product that could be massdistributed, but their efforts were without success.

Some major breakthroughs are given below: 1842: Wireless by conduction 1843: Early electromagnetic research, wireless by induction 1865: Induction and Dr. Loomis Early radio discoveries 1879: D.E. Hughes and the first radio-telephone reception 1880: The photophone and the first voice radio-telephone call 1880 - 1900: Radio development begins in earnest 1910: The first car-telephone 1924: The first car-mounted radio-telephone 1937: Early conventional radio-telephone development The modern era begins 1946: The first commercial American radio-telephone service 1947: Cellular systems first discussed 1948: The first automatic radio telephone service 1969: The first cellular radio system 1973: The Father of the cell phone 1978: First generation analog cellular systems begin 1980: Growth of Japanese cellular development 1981: NMT -- the first multinational cellular system 1982: The rise of GSM 1990: North America goes digital: IS-5

TOTAL NO. OF MOBILE SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIA 1. 2. Tata Docomo Sistema Shyam TeleServices Ltd. Operates currently in Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and plans to cover all the circles by end-2010. Reliance Communications BSNL - Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. MTNL Provides cellular service in Delhi and Mumbai. IDEA Cellular Operates in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh (West) and Delhi. Aircel Ltd. Operates in Assam, North Eastern states, Orissa, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu (incl. Chennai) and Puducheri. Bharti Airtel

3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

Provides mobile phone service in all the 23 circles of India. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Loop Mobile Loop Mobile's cellular network coverage include Mumbai. Vodafone Essar Provides mobile phone service in 16 circles. Spice Telecom Provides mobile phone services in Karnataka and Punjab. Aircell Digilink Operates in Uttar Pradesh (East), Haryana and Rajasthan. Virgin Mobile India Uninor Etisalat / Allianz

Wireless Subscribers (in millions) in the Four Metros as on Mar 31, 2011 City Total Operators Bharti Airtel, Aircel, Vodafone Essar, MTNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance, Delhi 38.8 Sistema, Etisalat/Allianz and Tata Teleservices Loop Mobile, Aircel, Idea Cellular, Vodafone Essar, MTNL, Bharti Mumbai 34.8 Airtel, Reliance, Sistema, Etisalat/Allianz, Uninor, Videocon and Tata Teleservices Aircel, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Essar, BSNL, Uninor, Reliance, Sistema Kolkata 23.2 and Tata Teleservices Aircel Cellular, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Essar, BSNL, Reliance and Chennai 11.4* Tata Teleservices Source: TRAI. Figures include CDMA, GSM and WLL(Fixed) connections. * Apr 30 '10

PROFILE OF COMPANY UNDER STUDY: BSNL

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a public sector communications company in India. It is the India's largest telecommunication company with 25.14% market share as on December 31, 2007. Its headquarters are at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, Harish Chandra Mathur Lane, Janpath, New Delhi. It has the status of Mini-ratna - a status assigned to reputed Public Sector companies in India.

BSNL is India's oldest and largest Communication Service Provider (CSP). Currently BSNL has a customer base of 68.5 million (Basic & Mobile telephony). It has footprints throughout India except for the metropolitan cities of Mumbai and New Delhi which are managed by MTNL. As on December 31, 2007 BSNL commanded a customer base of 31.7 million Wireline, 4.1 million CDMA-WLL and 32.7 million GSM Mobile subscribers. BSNL's earnings for the Financial Year ending March 31, 2007 stood at INR 397.15b (US$ 9.67 b) with net profit of INR 78.06b (US$ 1.90 billion). Today, BSNL is India's largest Telco and one of the largest Public Sector Undertaking with estimated market value of $ 100 Billion. The company is planning an IPO with in 6 months to offload 10 % to public. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years it has become one of the largest public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. Today, it has about 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages. BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services. BSNL is numero uno operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer. BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 17.8 million cellular customers, garnering 24 percent of all mobile users as its subscribers. That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has a BSNL connection. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, Account Less Internet(CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in the country. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0.6 million DataOne broadband customers. The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351,820

million (US $ 8 billion) with net profit to the tune of Rs.99,390 million (US $ 2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630,000 million (US $ 14.37 billion). The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India. History The foundation of Telecom Network in India was laid by the British sometime in 19th century. The history of BSNL is linked with the beginning of Telecom in India. In 19th century and for almost entire 20th century, the Telecom in India was operated as a Government of India wing. Earlier it was part of erstwhile Post & Telegraph Department (P&T). In 1975 the Department of Telecom (DoT) was separated from P&T. DoT was responsible for running of Telecom services in entire country until 1985 when Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was carved out of DoT to run the telecom services of Delhi and Mumbai. It is a well known fact that BSNL was carved out of Department of Telecom to provide level playing field to private telecoms.Subsequently in 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the Government for Private investment, therefore it became necessary to separate the Government's policy wing from Operations wing. The Government of India corporatised the operations wing of DoT on October 01, 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).BSNL operates as a public sector. Market Share and Growth The cellular phone industry is considered to be the fastest growing industry in India. It is believed that the high and accelerated growth of cellular market has eventually added to the worth of Indian economy. The Indian cellular services market recorded the highest growth across Asia-Pacific and Japan region in 2004, with a compounded annual growth rate of 67 percent. Since the industry came into being in the mid 1990s, its average per annum growth rate has been a phenomenal 85 percent. By the end of 2002, the Indian cellular phone industry had over 10 million subscribers. The industry has undergone a number of changes over the years. The National Telecom Policy 1999 was an important landmark in the development of the cellular telecom industry in India; the tariff rationalization and policy regulation introduced in the Policy helped the industry grow at the pace it did. The years 2001 and 2002 saw an increase in level of competition in the industry with more operators being given licenses, and fixed line providers also entering the mobile market. In the years ahead, there was more of competition between cellular service providers. The key factor contributing to the increased growth is the rising standard of income. The industry is also eyeing rural areas of the country as new opportunities to prosper. Millions of subscribers are increasing every month including the rural areas. Still, more growth is expected in the future years. Opening up of international and domestic long distance telephony services are growth drivers in the industry. Cellular operators now get substantial revenue from these services, and compensate them for reduction in tariffs on air time, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has driven demand.

Airtel

Bharti Airtel formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL) is among India's largest mobile phone and Fixed Network operators. With more than 60 million subscriptions as of 13th February 2008, it offers its mobile services under the Airtel brand and is headed by Sunil Mittal. The company also provides telephone services and Internet access over DSL in 14 circles. The company complements its mobile, broadband & telephone services with national and international long distance services. The company also has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. The company provides reliable end-to-end data and enterprise services to the corporate customers by leveraging its nationwide fiber optic backbone, last mile connectivity in fixed-line and mobile circles, VSATs, ISP and international bandwidth access through the gateways and landing station. Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India in terms of number of subscribers. Bharti Airtel owns the Airtel brand and provides the following services under the brand name Airtel: Mobile Services (using GSM Technology), Broadband & Telephone Services (Fixed line, Internet Connectivity(DSL) and Leased Line), Long Distance Services and Enterprise Services (Telecommunications Consulting for corporates). Leading international telecommunication companies such as Vodafone and SingTel held partial stakes in Bharti Airtel.

In April 2006 Bharti Global Limited was awarded a telecommunications license in Jersey in the Channel Islands by the local telecommunications regulator the JCRA. In September 2006 the Office of Utility Regulation in Guernsey awarded Guernsey Airtel with a mobile telecommunications license. In May 2007 Jersey Airtel and Guernsey Airtel announced the launch of a relationship with Vodafone for island mobile subscribers. In July 2007, Bharti Airtel signed an MoU with Nokia-Siemens for a 900 million dollar expansion of its mobile and fixed network. In August 2007, the company announced it will be launching a customized version of Google search engine that will provide an 'array of services' to its broadband customers.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Meaning of research Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information as a specific topic. In fact, research is an are of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Redman and Mory define research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge. Some people consider research as movement, a movement from the known to the unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery. We all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full and fuller understanding of the unknown. This inquisitiveness is the mother of all knowledge and the method, which man employs for obtaining the knowledge of whatever the unknown, can be termed as research. Research Design In this project use exploratory and descriptive research design has been adopted. Sample Design: A procedure or plan drawn up before any data are collected to obtain a sample from a given population. Initially 200 consumer were surveyed.

Objectives of the Study To Compare the services provided by BSNL( Public service provider) and Airtel (Private service provider) . To study consumer decision-making & preferences. To study marketing strategies adopted by BSNL and Airtel To study the level of customer satisfaction of both companies To study the market potential.

To study customer purchase decision behaviour. To understand the needs of different consumer segments.

Area of Research Rohtak District. Data collection: Research Data Data is the key activity of marketing research. The design of the data collecting method is backbone of research design. Data constitute the foundation of statistical analysis and interpretation. Hence the first step in statistical work is to obtain data. Data can be obtained from two important sources, namely: 1. Primary Data 2. Secondary Data Primary Data: Primary data are gathered for the specific purpose or for a specific research project, consist of original information for the fulfilment of project objective. When the data are required for the particular study can be found neither in the internal record of the enterprises nor in published sources. In some cases it may become necessary to collect original data. Primary data can be collected in four ways:1. Observation 2. Focus 3. Survey 4. Experiment

Secondary data: Secondary data are the data, which already exists somewhere. Secondary data provide starting point for research and after that the advantage of low cost and ready availability. Primary data will be collected through questionnaire while secondary data from which I have taken the secondary data are as under: 1. Direct observation

2. BSNL and Airtel website

3. Books for marketing management 4. Surveys and customer data & report

DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data is collected for research questionnaire method. A questionnaire is framed then data collected by making it fill by different respondent. DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT It is closed ended and open ended both types of questionnaire. If questionnaire is closed ended then questions are in the form of Yes or No and if questionnaire is open ended then questions are in the form of any numerical form. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Analysis of data is done through quantitative method that is numerical figure.

FINDINGS

1. Customers are not fully aware the services provided by BSNL & Airtel
2. Customer do not know about all mobile companies operating in their area. 3. Prepared connections are more preferred by customers.

4. voice clarity and network converge is main concern for customer.

5. Customer complaints must be resolved within 24 hrs. 6. Problem faced by the customer as follows o o o o time. Billing Customer care Connectivity away from highway Network coverage (Haryana)

Very few respondents were aware of the new schemes launch by the company from time to

SUGGESTIONS o On the basis of the suggestions of customers, they look for a telecommunication; it is revealed that following points should be done to increase the market share, which is the ultimate aim of the company. o Company should concentrate more on their existing customers & should provide them more facilities in order to retain them. o o Time to time sales promotion schemes should be made. They have to improve their networks and should set up their towers in hilly areas in order to improve their market position. o Tariff rates should be reduces, as there is basic differences of calls as compare to others.

Acc. To consumer public sector provide very poor service although they went to adapt the mobile connection provided RECOMMENDEDATION

1. The timings of the messages should be proper otherwise it can irritate consumers. 2. The accessing process should be short, this will lead to the economy. 3. The service should be reviewed time to time, like repetitions of jokes.

4. The cost of services is high, it should be brought down for greater consumer reach. 5. The responses should be continuous all the time, sometimes the consumers dont
get the due response. BIBLIOGRAPHY Websites & Search Engine: 1. www.ideacellular.com

2. www.researchandmarket.com 3.
www.info-shop.com

4. www.smartmobs.com 5. www.yahoosearch.com
6. google.com

o MARKETING MANAGEMENT BY PHILIP KOTLER. o MARKETING MANAGEMENT BY Ramaswami. NanaKumari o RESEARCH METHODOLOGY BY C.R.KOTHARI o BUSINESS POLICY - AZHAR KAZMI
o Newspapers:-

1. Hindustan times. 2. Times of India 3. The Hindu 4. Financial Express 5. Economics times o o Survey of Indian Industries sep. 2005-2006. Annual report of Idea cellular Ltd 1. Business India 2. Business Today 3. Business world 4. Advertisement Marketing 5. Express Investment week

Magazine:-