 

The Letters

         
         
      
         
        
        

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  
 Writing the Letters
In the end In the middle In the beginning The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 In the end In the middle In the beginning The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
     
if the letter ' ‫ ' ل‬join
the letter ' ‫ ' ا‬it is
written by this way

       

       
         
       
       
            

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  
Vowels
 
 1. Short vowels
  
  In Arabic, there are stated marks that control the voice of the letter.
 
The mark Description Example

   
This mark is written on the top of the Arabic letter, it is
called Fatthah, and stands for short (a). This vowel is
pronounced as "a" in the word "apple".
ba

   
This mark is written under the Arabic letter, it is called
Kassrah, and stands for short (i). This vowel is
pronounced as "i" in the word "tin".
 bi

 
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter, it
called Dhammah, and stands for short 'u'. This vowel
is pronounced as 'u' in the word "pull".
  
 bu

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 Dhammah Kassrah Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 Dhammah Kassrah Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
           

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 Description Example


This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter, it called

 
sukoon, which means absence of vowel. It indicates that
such a letter is not followed by any vowel sound. In Arabic,  
there is no word that starts with Sukoon, but the alphabet
with Sukoon is joined with the former alphabet. This vowel
is pronounced as 'n' in the word "run"or't' in the word "cut". ib
Sukoon The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 Sukoon The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 The mark Description Example

 
This mark is written on the top of the Arabic letter, it is
called Tanween Fatthah. It means to pronounce an
excess '‫ 'ن‬with Sukoon at the end of the Arabic word.
  
This vowel is pronounced as 'an' in the word "woman".
 ban

 
This mark is written under the Arabic letter, it is called
Tanween Kassrah. It means to pronounce an excess
'‫ 'ن‬with Sukoon at the end of the Arabic word. This
  
vowel is pronounced as 'in' in the word "Linn".
 bin


This mark is written on the top of the Arabic letter, it is

 
called Tanween Dhammah. It means to pronounce
an excess '‫ 'ن‬with Sukoon at the end of the Arabic  
word. This vowel is pronounced shorter than 'oon' in
the word "boon". bo'n

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 Tanween Dhammah Tanween Kassrah Tanween Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 Tanween Dhammah Tanween Kassrah Tanween Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 The mark Description Example

This mark is written on the top of the Arabic letter, it is

called Shaddah. It means to pronounce the letter

   
twice (double), and it is should come with other
vowels. In Arabic there is no word that starts with
Shaddah, but the alphabet with Shaddah is joined with
the former alphabet. This vowel is pronounced like
"ss" in "dis-solve".

  This mark is called Shaddah with Fatthah.   

ip'ba

  This mark is called Shaddah with Kassrah.   

 ip'be

  This is called Shaddah with Dhammah.   

ip'bo

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 Shaddah with Dhammah Shaddah with Kassrah Shaddah with Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 Shaddah with Dhammah Shaddah with Kassrah Shaddah with Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 The mark Description Example

  This mark is called

Shaddah with Tanween Fatthah.
  
ip'ban

  This mark is called

Shaddah with Tanween Kassrah.
  
 ip'ben

  
 
  This mark is called
Shaddah with Tanween Dhammah.
ip'bon

 

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  
Shaddah with Shaddah with Shaddah with
Tanween Dhammah Tanween Kassrah Tanween Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

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 Shaddah with Shaddah with Shaddah with
Tanween Dhammah Tanween Kassrah Tanween Fattha The letter

       

       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
 

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  
 2. Long vowels
  
In Arabic, there are three letters represents the long voice in the words.
  These letters called Maad letters.
 
Maad Description Example

 
Alif Maadh

  If the letter Alif ( ‫ ) ا‬comes after an alphabet with

Fatthah, then this Alif will be pronounced like double
Fatthah and this is pronounced like "a" in the word
"cat". baa

Waaw Maadh
 
 
If the letter Waaw ( ‫ ) و‬with Sukoon comes after an
alphabet with Dhammah or Fatthah, then this Waaw  boo

 
will be pronounced like double Dhammah and this is
pronounced like "oo" in the word "food" and 'oa' in the
word "boat".

  boa

Yaa Maadh
 
 
If the letter Yaa ( ‫ ) ي‬with Sukoon comes after an
alphabet with Kassrah or Fatthah, then this Yaa will  bee

 
be pronounced like double Kassrah and this is
pronounced like "ee" in the word "see" and 'ay' in the
word "day".

 
  bay

 
 
 

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 Yaa Maadh Waaw Maadh Alif Maadh The letter

           

           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           

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 Yaa Maadh Waaw Maadh Alif Maadh The letter

           

           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           

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