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HUm 01 - Unit 1 - For Reading
HUm 01 - Unit 1 - For Reading
This lesson exposes the students with the different concepts, meanings and ideas
about art which help broaden their view and understanding of art.
Learning Outcomes
2. Distinguished art;
Warm Up
In pairs, choose an object which represents your idea of art. Discuss your idea with
your partner. Upload the picture of this object with your explanation in our group
chat/mVLE account.
In Focus
What is art?
Art comes from Aryan root word “AR” which means to join or to put together, from
the Latin term “ARS” means ‘artificially made or composed by man’, and from the
Renaissance words “arti” and “arte”, which means craft guild and craftsmanship,
respectively.
Art is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest and most important
means of expression developed by man. People during the prehistoric times used painting,
drawing and sculpture to convey concepts and ideas, and share experiences.
It concerns itself with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of
sensuous medium – color, sound, bronze, marble, words, and film, which are fashioned into
symbolic language marked by beauty of design and coherence of form. It appeals to the
mind, arouses the emotion, kindles the imagination and enhances the senses.
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Art can be found in all ages and all countries. Because art is a form of expression of
man, it is natural to find forms of art in different countries and different periods of time. This
is perhaps the reason of art historian in classifying art based on historical periods like
prehistoric art, classic art, renaissance art, etc., and based on geography such as African art,
Chinese Art, Egyptian art, etc.
Also, art does not grow old and die. It lives because it is liked and enjoyed.
Art also involves experience. Artists has to have an experience that he/she needs to
put in making an art. His/Her skill and ideas are part of this experience. On the other hand,
observer/interpreter needs a kind of experience and enters into a kind of experience to
understand and appreciate the art.
St. Thomas Aquinas also believes that “art is the direct opposite of practical.” He
said that “the artist may be immoral, and yet his work may be good.”
On the other hand, Aristotle thinks that “art is the right reason for making things.”
He also believes that “art has no other end but itself, and that all arts are patterned on nature.
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Art is an act, an idea or a product that changes an existing domain, or that transforms
an existing domain into a new one.
Encore
Share your thoughts on the given question in not more than 100 words. Submit your
output in our mVLE account.
Re-Run
Group Work: Choose one or two assumptions of art that we had discussed, then give
an example of any painting, drawing, sculpture, building, music, dance performance,
film/movie, photograph, poem, short story, drama or essay that supports the assumptions
that you have chosen. Explain why this work suits the assumptions. Limit your explanation
in not more than 250 words.
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Lesson 2: Theories of Art
This lesson familiarizes students with the different theories of art which help clarify
varied assumptions of art and widen students perspectives of art.
Learning Outcomes
Warm up
Group work: Art or Not? Why Not?. Select one picture and explain if it is an art or
not. Discuss it with the group then present your output. Each group is given 1-2 minutes to
present. (For online submission, write your justification in not more than 150 words and
submit in our mVLE account/group chat.
In Focus
Theories of Art
People conceive art in many different ways. The following theories of art help
explain these various views on art.
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Examples of these art are the figurative art, which can be realistic and detailed like
the trompe l’oile or the semi-abstract art which contains forms but the representations are
still noticeable.
There are three ways of representing nature based on this theory. These are:
Formalism. This theory views that art is the combination of perceptual elements.
These elements, like line, shapes, value, texture and colors, seen together by the spectator,
make up the form, and such form is the art.
Example of this is the non-figurative art which does not contain any representations.
It has to be seen only as formal patterns and designs, like the arabesque in Islamic art and the
works of the suprematists.
Expressionism. In this theory, art is viewed as the expression of the artist’s emotion.
Often, expressionist artists use very bold color or lines to actually exemplify the physical
energy they were feeling when they made the work.
Action Theory. It is a theory which asserts that art is the activity or work
performed by the artists in the process of producing the art.
Jackson Pollock, an American painter (1912-1956) put into practice the Action
Theory of Art. In the Philippines, the most famous action painter is Jose Joya (1931-1995).
Institutional Theory. This theory stresses that art is the integration of objects within
the artworld. It is also called the Theory of the Artworld.
artists
art critics
art historians/educators
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art patrons/curators
art museums/galleries
schools/clubs
art awards
recognitions/popularity
art journals
TV/newspapers
Moreover, the artworld sets its criteria in recognizing an artist which include the
following:
Group Work: Answer this question in a form of a panel discussion: Which of the
theories discussed supports the prevailing concepts of art in the world today? How about i\n
the Philippines?
Re-Run
Choose one painter or sculptor and present to the class two or three of his/her works.
Discuss which among the theories supported his/her idea of art as exemplified in his/her
works.
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Lesson 3: Kinds of Art
This lesson provides short and direct descriptions of the different kinds of art which
help the students make an informed and intelligent appreciation of art.
Learning Outcomes
Warm Up
Group Work: List down as many kinds of art that you know in five minutes.
Categorize/classify them, then present your output. The most number of the kinds of art
listed will get 10 points, next is 8 points, then 6, 4, 2 points, respectively.
In Focus
Kinds of Arts
Arts can be classified into visual, performing or combined arts. Under these
classifications are other sub-classifications.
Visual Arts
Visual arts are the arts perceived with eyes. These may be classified into two groups:
graphic and plastic arts.
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Printing is a process for making multi-reproduction of graphic works. It involves the
preparation of a master image of the drawing or design on some durable material such as
wood, metal, or stone, from which printing is done. It may be classified by the nature of the
surface from which the printing is done.
Relief printing is the process whereby unwanted portions of design are cut away
on the master image. The printed image is formed by the remaining surfaces. Examples of
this are linoleum cuts, woodcuts, and wood engravings.
Intaglio printing is a method of printing from a plate on which incised lines, which
carry the ink, leave a raised impression.
Dry point involves drawing directly on a metal plate with a sharp needle and
scratches lines, or groove, into the metal. Ink is rubbed into the grooves and the unscratched
surface is wiped clean. In printing, the ink in the grooves is transferred to paper.
Engraving is done on a metal plate with a cutting tool called a barin, which
leaves a V-shaped trough. Drawings or designs on the plate are entirely composed of lines
and/or dots.
Surface printing includes all processes in which printing is done from a flat
(plane) surface.
Lithography is the art or process of printing from a flat stone or metal plate by
a method based on the repulsion between grease and water. The design is put on the surface.
The surface is then treated so that ink adheres only to areas where drawing has been done;
ink is then transferred to the paper in printing.
Silkscreen includes the process of stretching silk over a rectangular frame and
unwanted portions in the design are blocked out. Pigment is forced through the clear areas.
For multi-color prints, a separate screen is used for each color.
Plastic Arts include all fields of the visual arts in which materials are organized into
three-dimensional forms. These include architecture, landscape architecture, city planning,
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interior design, sculpture, crafts, industrial design, dress and costume design, and theater
design.
Performing/Combined Arts
Performing arts are art forms in which artists use their body or voice to convey
artistic expression. It includes music, dance, opera, drama or play.
Music is the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce
compositions, expressing various ideas and emotions. Its primary function is to entertain. It
bases its appeal on the sensuous beauty of musical sounds. Musical compositions may be
classified into vocal music, instrumental music and music combined with other arts (opera,
oratorio, cantata, ballet, music for motion pictures),
Dance is another form of art that is common to man even during the earliest times. It
is the most direct of the arts for it makes use of the human body as its medium. It springs
from man’s love for expressive gestures, his release of tension through rhythmic movement.
Types of dance include ethnologic, social or ballroom, ballet, modern, musical comedy.
The play itself is a form of literature. Scenery and costumes provide the visual arts,
and music may serve as a background to set the mood or to serve as part of the plot. The
opera is a drama set to music. Thus, it is a form of the theater. In many musical shows,
dancers are also important performers. The theater therefore, combines several of the arts.
The motion picture is a popular addition to the various forms of the theater.
Through it, a great number of people are able to see dramatic performances every day.
Encore
Pair Work: Supply the needed information to complete the table below.
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Dance
Theater/Drama
Cinema
Re-Run
Let’s be biased! Prepare a 3-5 slides power point presentation showing your top 3
favorite kinds of art. Provide a brief discussion for each slide. (20 points)
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Lesson 4: The Functions of Art
This lesson presents the three major functions of art as well as the specific functions
under each major functions, which help stimulate critical thinking of students on other
possible functions of art.
Learning Outcomes
Warm Up
What’s the use! Below are sample artworks. What do you think is the use of each
artwork?
In Focus
Functions of Art
Function is the practical usefulness of arts. Function of art can be classified into
functional and non-functional.
However, broadly speaking, all arts have function, for man and for the maker.
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Art helps express one’s self.
Art helps release tensions.
Art soothes the heart
Art makes us sensitive and responsive.
Art educates our senses and sharpens our perceptions of colors, forms, texture,
designs, sounds, rhythms and harmonies in our environment.
C. Social Description
Art describes aspects of existence at certain periods.
Art reflects the feelings, struggles and achievements of people.
Art provides information about situations in the past.
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Physical Function
Art has physical function if it is designed to accomplish its function to make our lives
physically comfortable, or if it is formed exactly right for its particular use. This may mean
that the form of this art follows its function, or the function of this art determines its form.
It differs from an ordinary functional object because it pleases the eyes of the user
through the harmonious arrangement of its formal elements.
Encore
Individual/Pair Work: Choose an artwork and discuss its function/s. (20 points)
Re-run
Write a 200-word essay discussing the function of a specific art to your life. You
may attach photos to enrich your discussion. (30 points)
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