WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
PERSONAL GRADE
DEVELOPMENT 11/12

I
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 1

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 0

 MODULE IN
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
11/12

QUARTER I
WEEK 1

Knowing Oneself

Development Team

Writer: Sherberk F. Cabrales

Editors: Julianne Grace B. Bugaoisan Arsenio Edgar N. Pascua III

Reviewer: Marlon C. Daquioag

Illustrator: Jessie Cecile M. Munar Abraham S. Salvador

Lay-out Artist: Bryll B. Atienza

Management Team:

Vilma D. Eda Joye D. Madalipay / Domingo L. Laud

Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito S. Labao

Arsendio A. Cabacungan

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 1

 What I Need to Know

This module provides you the basics of knowing oneself. This may include individuals in seeing
our “self” as a growing person inside the society, and this may cross-sectionally tackle the
philosophical, bio-psycho-social aspect of the self, including the Self-Concept and its relation to the
social norms or our society. In your journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are
expected to:
1. explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing
with others better (EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1);
2. share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences (EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2); and
3. start a Journal Diary to be sustained at the end of subject course (EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.3).

The module is divided into 2 lessons, namely:

Lesson 1- Limitations and Strengths of the Individual; and how the uniqueness of the individual can
be accepted by others.

Lesson 2- Understanding unique characteristics, habits and experiences of individual as a part of

development and knowledge of the self.

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 What I Know

Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct; otherwise, write FALSE. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Our self-knowledge cannot be influenced by our past.
2. In determining our ideal self in the society, we must see our behavior on an everyday basis.
3. Being private is irrelevant if we wish to continue in developing our actual self.
4. Through studies conducted in history, our parents have no important role in child-rearing practices.
5. In bio-psychology and cultural psychology, the crossing path of hereditary and environment are
irrelevant and shaping the self-concept.
6. Allowing ourselves to be molded by our surroundings and be influenced by others is a decisional
aspect in reshaping our ideal self.
7. We cannot change our behavior, hence our destiny when it comes to familial or hereditary
inclination.
8. In determining our self-concept, three categories of the self must be considered.
9. In the early stages of development among children, oftentimes, they are independent. Hence, they
do not let their behavior be influenced; neither do they need approval from their parents.
10. The self has no privacy, as often depicted in social media; we allow ourselves to be seen as who
we are and what we do.

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 Lesson Self-Development: Knowing
1 Oneself

The most difficult question to answer during teenage years is the question “Who Am I?”
Adolescence is that crucial period on a human’s development filled with self-doubts and uncertainty.
As Stanley G. Hall said, “Adolescence is the period of storm and stress”. At this point in your life, have
you asked yourself this question “Do I know myself?” Often, this question delves into the fundamental
entity of ourselves, the basic question of understanding ourselves, not just through our expressions in
social platforms and the like

What’s In

Do you still remember your scores when you took your NCAE in junior high school? Have
you thought about what you will do after your Senior High School or beyond your college years? A
great way to refresh dreams and reminisce about your future endeavors is to remember your “ideal
self.” Psychologists often call this "future self." Below is a simple drill to refresh your “current self.”

ACTIVITY 1.1: My Self Through the Years

Instructions: Paste a picture of you when you were in elementary, in high school, and now that you
are in senior high school. Below the picture, list down your salient characteristics that you
remember. Do this on a medium-sized coupon bond.

My Elementary Self My Junior High School Self My Senior High School Self

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ANALYSIS
After having examined your “self” in its different stages, fill out the table below:
Similarities in all stages of Differences in my “self” Possible reasons for the
my “self” across the three stages of my differences in me
life

Follow up Questions:
1. How do you compare yourself now from before? How do you fair to your improvements?
2. Do you think you can achieve more “now”, than that you were small? Cite some examples.
3. There are many instances where in you can choose who you can be as of now. Why this current
“self”? Explain.

Notes to the Teacher

Students can visit the website www.habitsforwellbeing.com for

understanding the importance of “Knowing yourself”, through habits that
can improve sense around and the self. It is a great site for looking answers
in the philosophical and psychological understanding the self, especially in
these trying times.

Note: For learners who are using online platform

The learning module emphasizes the 5-C skills being developed by the
learners through the activities, namely Communication, Collaboration,
Creativity, Critical thinking and Character.

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 What’s New

Johari’s Window
One great way of assessing the self and know how much the individual knows the self is by
asking the people around them. Though this may be awkward, particularly when asking someone
straightforwardly. Know that even your friends can be a great source of information, whether it be
positive or negative about the self. To avoid being awkward and extract the best possible self-
assessment without compromising the individual, psychologists Joseph Luft (1916-2014) and
Harrington Ingham (1916-1995) devised a technique to help people better understand themselves as
well as their relationship with others. As used frequently in groups (group dynamics), this activity helps
understand people to develop teamwork. Below are some post-activities to challenge yourself on how
much you know about your “self.”

ACTIVITY 1.2: Johari’s Window

Instruction:
1. Below is the table devised by Joseph and Harrington in assessing the self. Write your name
optional) on the first box indicated.
2. On the first box (no.1) write everything that you know about yourself; and everything that
people around you/others often think or feel everything about you.
3. On the second box (no. 2) Write everything about yourself that is only known to you and to
you alone.
4. On the third box (no. 3) You may need the help of others to fill out this space for you. At the
beginning of this activity, your name is optional if you want to write it or not. This box
explains people/others know something about you, but you yourself need to check or to re-
affirm.
5. On the last box (no. 4), you may leave it blank.
Johari’s Window
Name: Known to Self Not Known to Self
Known to Others 1. (Arena) 3. (Blind Spot)
Not Known to Others 2. (Façade) 4. (Unknown)
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johari window

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 What is It

The Self, in contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by the
following characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private”
(Stevens, 1996). When we talk about the self, being “separate,” it means it is distinct, different and
unique from others. It has its own uniqueness that defines him/her from others. It has an identity of its
own, even twins, may it be fraternal, is very much distinct from the other. When we are talking about
“self-contained,” we describe its existence as having its own independence. It may exist with or without
others; it is self-containing of its own thoughts, characteristics and volition. For example, we make our
profile pictures in social media, carefully choosing a picture that expresses more of our thoughts, that
tells us of what we are, that tells us what we are in real life. Although, in these given times, it is easy to
create another “self” or deceive someone using a make-up “self”.
Nevertheless, although it is relatively easy to make another “self” in this age of social media
and advance technology, the “self” is very much consistent and persisting. Every “self” has its own
personality that is enduring, that lasts during late adolescence. Its uniqueness and its consistency allow
it to be studied, described and even measured (also means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics,
tendencies and potentialities) are very evident and distinguishable from other “selves.” The Self is
unitary in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run a particular person. It is the topmost
executive in an individual where all processes, emotions, and thoughts converged. Lastly, the self is
private. A person may sort out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the
self. The whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self. This suggests that the self is isolated
from the external world. It lives within its own world.
Having in its own world means, you can create or
nurture what you can be (ideal self) or maintain/improve
your current self (actual self). The ideal self pertains to the
image or aspirations of what you want to become. This may
be similar in hoping characteristics that you do not possess
as of the moment, but may one day be part of who you are,
just like what Filipinos tend to watch in various talent shows.
This may be the ability to have a beautiful voice; or have
different achievements like the characteristics of your idols or other international figures (Michael
Jordan, Sarah Geronimo etc.) While the actual self as the term implies “actual”, is your present self
that you see on the daily basis. It is the self that is constantly keeping in touch in your everyday

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experiences. It has the potential to improve or develop as deemed by every individual. This may also
pertain to the gifts that you possess that is innate in you when you were born.
Combining these two categories of the self, it established the distinction of the Self-Concept. This
is a collection of beliefs about one’s basic nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. Although we
may have so many dimensions in which we describe ourselves such as “I’m grateful” or “I’m friendly”,
we have separate concepts of our physical, social, emotional and intellectual selves; yet we are still
referring to one single entity that is unique and very distinct from others (Don Hamachek, 1992). Our
various self-concepts are characterized by relatively distinct thoughts and feelings. That is, we may
have considerable information about our social skills and feel quite confident with regard to them but
have limited information about our physical skills and feel less confident about this aspect of our self.
When a particular self-concept is operating, its attendant thoughts and feelings will strongly influence
the way we process self-relevant information (Fiske & Taylor, 1991).

There are several factors that shape self-concept. Among them are your own observations,
feedback from others and cultural values.

Your Own Observations

In the process of self-introspection, that
may help you re-evaluate your motivations
and, in real-time, observing what you do at
this moment is one of the significant
information about your interest or dislike.
During early childhood, we start observing
our behavior and drawing conclusions about
ourselves. We are aware of what we do; we
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/s 1
dislike; can and cannot do. Although, when
we are still children, our observations are not entirely correct or sometimes subject to change and
entirely up to us, to retain or to improve. We even compare our observed selves from others. In social
comparison theory, people need to compare themselves with others in order to gain insight into their
own behavior (Festinger, 1954; Goethals & Darley, 1977; Wood, 1989). The potential impact of such
social comparison was dramatically demonstrated in an interesting study (Morse & Gergen, 1970).

Feedback from Others

Positive and negative criticisms also create an impact on self-concept. People talk about us or how
they discriminate us give an important aspect in shaping the self-concept. The amount of criticism,
feedback we sometimes freely give, helps shape the current self-concept of what we choose to be or
not. As we grow old, the number of significant and non-significant people in our lives also grows.

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Everyone contributes in reshaping the self-concept. Even our ability to accomplish something or destroy
our selves comes from painful remarks or constructive criticism of others. In child-rearing, especially
the parents, has a unique and essential role in reinforcing and shaping the self-concept. As children, we
receive direct feedback from them. Their constant approval and disapproval set guidelines for what
should be or not, shaping and inputting the values and characteristics of the children and, later,
becoming what they are when they grow. The saying “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”, is a
testament output family values instilled in childhood rearing practices. Aside from children comparing
their actions from others, they also compare themselves to their parents. That is why sometimes, even
when our parents are gone, we still have their characteristics and values; we unconsciously accept this
as our self-concept, along with their approvals and disapprovals. Most of us, especially when we are
young, take this sort of feedback to heart. Thus, it is no surprise that studies find an association between
parents’ views of a child and the child’s self-concept (Wylie, 1979). There is even more substantial
evidence for a relationship between children’s perception of their parents’ attitudes toward them and
their self-perception (Wylie, 1979).

Cultural Values/ Cultural Guidelines

Self-concept is also indirectly influenced by cultural values. In the study of Cultural Psychology,
in this age of technology and social media, we accept our differences, especially on how we accept the
culture and beliefs of others. Japanese society does not tolerate corruption; the Philippines has always
been influenced or has always had that familial clinging of thinking and protectiveness. The Chinese
have always thought to have a strong business minded stand in their points of view. The society in
which we are raised defines what is “good” and “bad” in personality and behavior. American culture
tends to put a premium on individuality, competitive success, strength and skills. These cultural values
influence how we interpret our behavior. In the Philippines, our cultural values were shaped by
historical colonization, which is evident in our present society, particularly our strong family ties.
Another is cultural hospitality that is deemed acceptable as our nature. Even the dismal corruption that
has been the perennial problem of the country also shaped the tolerance of Filipinos as a way of
answering societal problems.

Having Self-knowledge stems from the actual – self. It derives from our social interactions of
society that provide insight into how others react to us. It is the same as gaining feedback from others.
The reaction of other people is an essential aspect of gaining actual-self or our self-image. Even our
social roles are adjusted, on how we view ourselves today, and how ideally (ideal self) what we would
like to be in the future. There is a negotiation that exists between the two selves, which is complicated
by numerous exchanges between the ideal self and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in these
social roles, and they are adjusted continuously and re-adjusted.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.3: A “ME” Tree

Source: www.pinterest.co.uk

Instructions (To be accomplished on a medium-sized coupon bond):

1. On the picture provided, write/ draw symbols/ or paste pictures of all of your strengths and
talents/abilities- one strength or talent per root.
2. On the branches/ write/ draw symbols or paste pictures of all your accomplishments and successes-
one per branch.
3. Some roots and branches should be left empty so that new elements can be added as they happen in
the future.
4. Lastly, write your name on the trunk of the “Me Tree”.

Activity 1.4: Enrichment

Instruction: Answer the following in a separate sheet of paper.
1. How are you going to use the “Me” tree in this time of Covid-19 Pandemic?
2. What are your self-realizations?
3. How does your self-realization affect your family? You may ask them in answering this?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 10

Activity 1.5: My Reflection through my Experiences
Instruction: Share your experience(s) on the following statement. Write your answers in a separate sheet
of paper
1. People need to compare themselves with others in order to gain insights of their own behavior.
2. “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga.”
3. Corruption is also shaped by our tolerance or our approach to answering societal problems.”

What I Have Learned

1. The Self has several distinctive characteristics that separate from other “selves.”
2. The Self has its own experiences and emotions, which is very different and unique in any other way.
3. Self-Concept is a combination of both our actual-self (present) and ideal-self (future self).
4. Self-Concept can also be our comparison to others, even our people who have a direct and indirect
influence.
5. Our observation of ourselves and others, the feedback from others, our historical or cultural
perspective also play a role in shaping our self-concept.
6. Having self-knowledge in our aspects and historical beginnings also provide essential information
shaping our actual self, which is very much closer or far from our ideal self.
7. In the process of merging our actual self and ideal self, our social roles provide us the adjustment in
the changing and conflicting development of our society.
8. The actual and ideal self can’t be confused in defining the “self”. It must be collated and defined
according to its aspects and its development and even lapses, of the self is very unique in every
individual in which they have unique definition and expression.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.6: Do You Truly Know Yourself?

Instruction: How much do you know of yourself? How does your “self” fair from others in responding
in our changing times, especially in adjusting to our “new normal”? The exercise below is a simple
activity in affirming what our “self” in relation to our reaction and feedback in our environment.

Questions Answers

1. How would you characterize yourself?

2. What makes you stand out from the rest? What

makes yourself special?
3. How have you transformed yourself?

4. How is your self-connected to your body?

Source: Chaffee, John. 2015. The Philosopher’s Way; Thinking Critically about Profound Ideas. 5th Ed. Boston: Pearson Schlenker, Barry
R. 1985. The Self and Social Life. New York: McGraw-Hill

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 Assessment

Instructions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Joseph Luft
B. Blind Spot
C. Known to others
D. Social Roles

2. During development in the early years, our constant approval to our immediate relations is a
crucial aspect in forming our actual and ideal self. The statement is ______________.
A. False, because we sometimes create our own destiny and sometimes does not need approval
from others.
B. Sometimes true, for every positive and negative criticism is a development of our “true” self.
C. True, our family, especially our parents are the best observers of our character and behavior.
D. Sometimes false, neither our immediate familial ties nor the environment know what is best
for our ideal self and eventually our actual self.

3. Which among the following was the former purpose of the creation of Johari’s Window?
A. For the selection of the soldier in the field.
B. A technique use in teambuilding and group analysis
C. Used for personality disorders in company and hierarchy groups
D. A simple technique so to understand others reason for their feedback and comments.

4. When we are talking about “Self-contained” we mean that ____________.

A. Our own description of how we hide our true self to the people.
B. Having our own privacy, contained in our own house or space.
C. This pertains to the image or aspiration of what you want to become.
D. It is the existence of the individual, having its own independent character and behavior.

5. The “actual-self” is synonymous with what psychological word?

A. the future self
B. the authentic self
C. the present self
D. the unreal self

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 13

6. The Self-Concept is the collection of _______________.
A. hardships and sufferings that we experience inside of society
B. our compelling comparison of ourselves to the future and present self.
C. our beliefs, unique qualities and typical behavior that manifest to that unique individual
D. our feelings inside and constant re-assessment of these emotions as we respond to our
environment.
7. There are two categories of the self that make up the Self-Concept. These are ___.
A. the factual and false Self
B. the authentic and fake Self
C. the ideal and actual Self
D. behavior and character
8. Having criticism in our lives is a necessity in shaping our self-concept. Which of the following
is contrary to this statement?
A. Allan tells those who criticize his work, to leave him, because they are not the ones who
actually had a hard time doing his work.
B. Rebecca, constantly tells his/her students to be open-minded and open for new developments
for people who show approval or disapproval of their work.
C. Milo is usually upset when someone criticizes his TVE project, but after soiling, he gets
back to his work and show more determination and enthusiasm for his homework.
D. Perola, always tell herself, that both constructive and disapproval statements are key
ingredients in becoming a better person.
9. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Feedback
B. Social Comparison Theory
C. Cultural Values
D. Self-Concept
10. Which of the following statement does not belong to the group?
A. Combining both self-introspection and comparison theory helps to develop your ideal self.
B. Children’s perception about themselves, depends also strongly about their parents’ attitude
towards them.
C. According to the study done in the field of multicultural psychology, cultural values has
nothing to do with our development when we reach maturity. It entirely rests on how we accept
and not accept the social norms
D. Both positive and negative criticisms have impact on self-concept.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 14

 Additional Activities

Portfolio Output 1: “My Journal”

Instructions: During these pandemic times, I have actively volunteered in some non-profit
organizations to help people, specifically in checking their mental health by providing tele-
counseling while they are experiencing quarantine. As many of my clients encounter new
“experiences." Most of them do experience changes in their views, beliefs, including the stress
that piles up in their head. In our non-profit organization, we tend to provide our digital
consumers ways to cope with this “new normal” in our society. One of which is keeping a
simple diary. During the time of Sigmund Freud (1944), keeping a Diary is one of the oldest
methods for collecting data about the individual's personality. In my field as a practicing
psychologist, I sometimes suggest that my students have a personal diary to record their
behavior, thinking, and experiences, no matter how absurd their experiences are. In this way, I
let my students be aware of their surroundings, their decisions and themselves. As our lesson
implies, knowing the “self” starts when we exercise the awareness of our identity. In this
portfolio, you are tasked to have your own simple personal diary. Below is a format that you
should follow to start the daily writing/recording of your journal. Your front cover may be a
reflection of what you want to be. In doing so, you are free to create your own front cover. You
may use any available writing material for this. This personal diary is to be sustained until the
end of the subject course. Also, this must be submitted on the last day of the semester as one of
the prerequisites in passing the subject.
Additional Notes: Personalize your cover design. It can be digitized or made from recycled
materials. The design of the cover should be something that represents you. Use old notebooks
and your writing of entries can be on a weekly basis.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Personal Development 15

16 Personal Development Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
ASSESSMENT
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. C
Pre Test
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
6. FALSE
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. FALSE
KEY ANWERS:
 References
Chaffee, John. (2015). The Philosopher’s Way; Thinking Criticially about Profund Ideas. 5th
Ed. Boston

Festinger, Leon. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, p.

117-140.
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S.E. (1991). McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology. Social
Cognition (2nd Ed.) Mcgraw-Hill Book Company

Gormly, Anne V. 1986. Understanding Psychology 4th Edition. New York

Hamachek, Don E. 1978. Encounters with the Self. West Publishing Company

Howe & Howe. 1975 Personalizing Education Values Clarification and Beyond

Schlenker, Barry R. 1985. The Self and Social Life. New York

Stevens, Richard 1996. Understanding the Self. Sage Publications. Open University

Weitin & Lloyd. 1994. Psychology Applied to Modern Life. University of Kansan

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division

Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900

Contact Number: (077)-771-3678

Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

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