DEPARTMEMT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA

HEAT ΘD^^TRANSFER (ME 3ϭϱ)

Tutorial Sheet – 1
Topic : Steady State Heat Conduction without Heat Generation

[1] The temperature distribution across a wall, 1 m thick at a certain instant of time is given as :

Where is in 0C and in meters. The uniform heat generation of is present in wall of

area having the properties, , .
[i] Determine the rate of heat transfer entering the wall and leaving the wall .
[ii] Determine the rate of change in internal energy of the wall.
[iii] Determine the rate of temperature change at .
[2] Consider one-dimensional heat conduction through a large plane wall with no heat generation
that is perfectly insulated on one side and is subjected to convection and radiation on the other
side. It is claimed that under steady conditions, the temperature in a plane wall must be uniform
(the same everywhere). Do you agree with this claim? Why?
[3] Consider a solid cylindrical rod whose side surface is maintained at a constant temperature while
the end surfaces are perfectly insulated. The thermal conductivity of the rod material is constant
and there is no heat generation. It is claimed that the temperature in the radial direction within
the rod will not vary during steady heat conduction. Do you agree with this claim? Why?
[4] Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.4 m, thermal conductivity k = 2.3 W/m · °C, and
surface area A = 20 m2. The left side of the wall is maintained at a constant temperature of T1 =
80°C while the right side loses heat by convection to the surrounding air at T = 15°C with a heat
transfer coefficient of h = 24 W/m2· °C. Assuming constant thermal conductivity and no heat
generation in the wall (a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady
one-dimensional heat conduction through the wall, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of
temperature in the wall by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the rate of heat
transfer through the wall.
[5] In a food processing facility, a spherical container of inner radius r1 = 40 cm, outer radius r2 = 41
cm, and thermal conductivity k = 1.5 W/m °C is used to store hot water and to keep it at 100°C at
all times. To accomplish this, the outer surface of the container is wrapped with a 500 W electric
strip heater and then insulated. The temperature of the inner surface of the container is observed
to be nearly 100°C at all times. Assuming 10 percent of the heat generated in the heater is lost
through the insulation, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for
steady one-dimensional heat conduction through the container, (b) obtain a relation for the
variation of temperature in the container material by solving the differential equation, and (c)
evaluate the outer surface temperature of the container. Also determine how much water at
100°C this tank can supply steadily if the cold water enters at 20°C.
[6] Consider a cylindrical shell of length L, inner radius r1, and outer radius r2 whose thermal
conductivity varies linearly in a specified temperature range as, , where and
are two specified constants. The inner surface of the shell is maintained at a constant
 temperature of T1, while the outer surface is maintained at T2. Assuming steady one dimensional
heat transfer, obtain a relation for (a) the heat transfer rate through the wall and (b) the
temperature distribution T(r) in the shell.

[7] Consider a spherical shell of inner radius r1, and outer radius r2 whose thermal
conductivity varies linearly in a specified temperature range as, ,
where and are two specified constants. The inner surface of the shell is maintained at
a constant temperature of T1, while the outer surface is maintained at T2. Assuming steady
one dimensional heat transfer, obtain a relation for (a) the heat transfer rate through the
wall and (b) the temperature distribution T(r) in the shell.
[8] A 1000 W iron is left on the iron board with its base exposed to ambient air at 20°C. The
base plate of the iron has a thickness of L = 0.5 cm, base area of A = 150 cm2, and thermal
conductivity of k = 18 W/m °C. The inner surface of the base plate is subjected to uniform
heat flux generated by the resistance heaters inside. The outer surface of the base plate
whose emissivity is  = 0.7, loses heat by convection to ambient air at T = 22 °C with an
average heat transfer coefficient of h = 30 W/m2 °C as well as by radiation to the
surrounding surfaces at an average temperature of Tsurr = 290 K. Disregarding any heat loss
through the upper part of the iron, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary
conditions for steady one-dimensional heat conduction through the plate, (b) obtain a
relation for the temperature of the outer surface of the plate by solving the differential
equation, and (c) evaluate the outer surface temperature.
[9] A composite wall of a furnace is made up with 120 mm thick layer of fire clay bricks, whose
thermal conductivity is expressed as, . The second layer, 600
mm thick of red brick (k = 0.78 W/m K). The inside surface of fire clay is at uniform temperature
of 1250 0C, while the exterior surface of red brick is exposed to air at 40 0C with heat transfer
coefficient of 20 W/m2K. Calculate (a) Interface temperature and (b) Heat transfer rate for 1 m2 +of
furnace wall.
[10] A steam pipe of 220 mm outer diameter is carrying steam at 280 0C. It is insulated with material
having thermal conductivity, . If the insulation thickness is
50 mm and the temperature of the outer surface is 50 0C, determine (a) the heat flow per
meter length of the pipe and (b) the temperature at the mid thickness.

[11] The roof of a house consists of a 3 cm-thick concrete slab (k = 2 W/m °C) that is 15 m wide
and 20 m long. The convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces
of the roof are 5 and 12 W/m2 °C, respectively. On a clear winter night, the ambient air is
reported to be at 10°C, while the night sky temperature is 100 K. The house and the
interior surfaces of the wall are maintained at a constant temperature of 20°C. The
emissivity of both surfaces of the concrete roof is 0.9. Considering both radiation and
convection heat transfers, determine the rate of heat transfer through the roof, and the
inner surface temperature of the roof. If the house is heated by a furnace burning natural
gas with an efficiency of 80 percent, and the price of natural gas is 0.60/therm (1 therm
= 105,500 kJ of energy content), determine the money lost through the roof that night
during a 14 h period.