CFED
The bible is a journey of God and his people
“All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for
teaching the truth, rebuking error, correcting faults
and giving instruction for right living”
THE WRITTERS OF THE BIBLE
Shepherds, kings, fishermen, peasants, doctors, tax-
collector,
FROM
Rome, Jerusalem, Babylon, Persia, Greece, turkey
THE BIBLE IS NOT ONE BOOK, BUT A
LIBRARY OF 66 BOOKS
The bible is written by human through Gods
inspiration
THE BIBLE
- 73 books
- Different writers
- Almost 1500 years
- Over 10000 events
- One story
- Unity of theme
- No contradictions
Many writers, 15 centuries yet only one author
Of the 73 books, 46 were written before the birth of
Jesus and the 27 after his death
The Old Testament (46)
- All written before Jesus Birth
- An agreement that God made with the nation
of Israel
- Written in Hebrew (Language of Israel)
The New Testament
- All written after his death,
- An agreement that God has made for all
nation
- Written in Greek
The message of the prophets in the Old
Testament was SOMEONES COMING
All the prophets, priest and kings of Israel were
anointed with oil when they took their position
The story of the New Testament is THE CHRIST
HAS COME
CANON- measuring rod, standard, rule
- Canon refers to the collection of books that
passed a test of authenticity and authority; it
also means that those books are our rule of
life- both in this world and the next
Biblical interpretation
Exegesis- the critical interpretation of the biblical
text to discover its intended meaning
- Interpretation that comes from the text
Eisegesis- leading one’s own meaning into the text
- Reading in a wat that the reader wants to
understand it
1. The writers are human authors. They went
through the same process of research and
composition, and they wrote in their own particular
style and with the linguistic tools available to them
as product of their own particular culture and
circumstances in life.
2. The Holy Spirit acted in and through the
author’s own natural powers and abilities. God
did not dictate what to write, in the sense of putting
words into their minds. The Holy Spirit made sure
that in their choice of words and forms of
expression they were conveying the message of
God.
Biblical Inerrancy
- Saint Augustine once said if he ever ran
across an apparent error in the Bible, he
would conclude that:
- a) the translator of the sacred text made a
mistake when he translated the original
Hebrew or Greek into the vernacular or
common language;
- b) the person who copied the manuscript
from the original made a mistake;
- c) he as the reader is misinterpreting a text
and is not using the author’s intended
meaning. He could never accept the premise
that the Bible has any mistakes.
GOD, THE FATHER JOURNEYS WITH HIS
PEOPLE
THE HEBREW BIBL
Torah (teaching)- Gods establishment of his people,
consist of 5 books “chamisha chumshei torah
Nevi’im (prophets)- presents Israel’s history as a
nation on its land
Ketuvim-( writings)
Tanakh- an acronym of the first Hebrew letter of
each of the Masoretic text
Miqra- meaning “that which is read” “to proclaim”
- it was more popular used that tanakh
NOTE: canonical collection of jewish text, which
also a textual source for the Christian Old
Testament
MASORETIC TEXT- the traditional Hebrew text
The original writing system of the Hebrew test was
called abjad
Books of Tanakh
- the Tanakh consist of 24 books: it counts as
one book each Samuel, kings, chronicles and
Ezra Nehemiah and counts trei asar
Scrolls of the Hebrew scripture
- the scrolls were written on sheepskin with a
quill and iron gall ink, they vary in age from
the 1800s to early twenty first century
- 16 scrolls make up the Hebrew scripture Old
Testament
- Torah- the law
Genesis, exodus, Leviticus, numbers and
Deuteronomy
- Neviim- the prophets
Joshua, judges, Samuel, kings, Isiah
Jeremiah, Ezekiel, 12 prophets
- Ketuvim- the writings
Psalms, proverbs, job, songs of songs, ruth,
lamentation, Esther, Daniel, Ezra Nehemiah,
chronicles 1
“The gift of the Nile” (Nile River)
- Provide drink and irrigation
- A highway of communication for its towns
- Transportation of goods and trade
- Rhythm of the river
a. Growing season when the people worked
the fields
b. Waiting season when the land was flooded
Covenant
- A binding and solemn agreement made by 2
or more individuals or parties to do or keep
from doing a specified thing; a compact
- Latin covenire; meaning to convene, meet
together, to assemble for common purpose
- OT USAGE. The covenant represents an
agreement between two parties in which
there is basic party. Both sides enter into the
treaty voluntarily resulting in a partnership
relationship
God and noah = rainbow
Abraham and God= circumcision
Moses and God = event in mount Sanai sabbath
- In the Abrahamic covenant, God
demonstrated his unmerited favor and
unilateral choice of Israel as “the apple of
His eye” a special people called out from
among the nations through whom the
Messiah would come.
- God promised to look after the descendants
of Abraham
MOSES
The exodus events
The significance of an event in the life of a
person or a people
- The events get told over and over and passed
on to our children
- They are part of our common consciousness
- The past is reinterpreted and the future is
formed by the event
EXODUS
- occurred during the reign of pharaoh
merneptah.
- The Hebrew wandered in the desert of the
Sinai Peninsula for 40 years
- Moses received the 10 commandments
which outlined some basic laws governing
behavior
Key elements to reading and understanding
exodus
- The exodus is the foundational event in the
life of the Israelite people
 - This is a story that is retold from generation
to generation
- The story of the exodus is not just a past
event but a living reality
- The story of the exodus is ritualized
- Everything in the Old Testament and the
New Testament is rooted in the exodus event
- the story of the exodus continues to inflame
the hopes and passions of people today
In exodus, we see God bring his people out of
oppressive labor into the glorious freedom of the
children of God. It is not a freedom from
working, but a freedom to love and serve the
lord through work in every aspect of life. God
provides guidance for life and labor that will
glorify him and bless Israel. And he provides a
place for his presence to bless all they do.
NEVI’IM PROPHETS
Former prophets (Nevi’im Rishonim)
- the narrative books of Joshua, Judges,
Samuel, and Kings
Latter Prophets (Nevi’im Ahoronim)
- the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel
and the 12 minor prophets
this division includes the books which cover the
time from the entrance of the Israelites into the land
of Israel until the Babylonian captivity of Judah (the
period of prophecy)
THE PROPHETS
Major prophets
- the books are longer, broader, content and
have global implications
Minor prophets
- the twelve
- shorter and the content is more narrowly
focused
Isaiah – the lord is salvation
- he was called God’s Prophets- contains
prophecies about the Messiah
theme: comfort and hope for God’s chosen
people. (Justice and righteousness)
- importance of trusting God in difficult times
the three basic themes
- you (pertaining to Judah/ Israel) have broken
the mosaic covenant; you better repent
- no repentance? Then judgement
- yet there is hope beyond the judgement for a
glorious future restoration, both for Israel
and for the nation
God remains faithful and does not abandon his
people
The prophet JEREMIAH
- he was called the dirty harry of the Old
Testament
- the weeping prophet
- he was the most intriguing prophet
theme: hope and forgiveness
- Jeremiah came from anathoth, a small town
north of Jerusalem that lay in the old tribe of
Benjamin
Background
Jeremiah’s ministry of 45 years in the three
periods
- The first period took place during the reign
of Josiah (the beginning of the reform)
- The second period is during the reign of
Josiah’s sons
- The final period of Jeremiah’s ministry took
place in the twelve years between the first
destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians
Jeremiah preached against 3 major evils of his
time;
1. Idolatry
2. Social injustice
3. Religious ritualism
He was relentless even when it led to great personal
suffering and persecution. He was also tender and
filled with compassion for the people, and he often
pleaded for people to be converted and come back
to the covenant, so that Yahweh would have mercy.
“I am the lord, the God of all mankind, is anything
too hard for me?’
The prophet HOSEA
Are you willing to forgive and accept someone - It affirms that God is not merely “just” in his
you love who cheated on you not just once but actions;
many times - In fact, Gods acts in strange and sometimes
humorous ways
HOSEA AND THE LOVE OF GOD - And we cannot figure God out according to
- He was born and raised and preached in the our desire
northern kingdom The prophet AMOS “prophets of Gods Justice”
- Like Amos, Hosea shares a common passion
for the commandments of the covenant Through Amos, we enter the period of Israel’s
history called “classical prophecy”
Chapter 1-3: describe in different ways the broken
marriage between God and his people and serve as a - Comes from the arm, a shepherd, farmer and
kind of preface to the rest of the book. herdsman by trade
- Compared God to lions
Chapter 4-13: gather the actual oracles delivered
by Hosea throughout his ministry. Themes: justice and righteousness
Chapter 14: stands as closing vision of hope after Most blunt prophet, dangerous and terrifying
judgement.
- Reveals God’s heart and desire for his
The prophet JONAH people
It contains no oracles at all, except the report of 4 visions of judgement
Jonah’s word to Nineveh in Jonah 3;5
1. Destructive locust plague
Nineveh- capital of Assyria- a pagan city who 2. Destroying fire
responds to the prophetic message of Jonah 3. A basket of ripe fruit
4. A weakened wall about to fall
Jonah’s ministry in post- exilic period
- Jonah is a rousing tale of prophet
- The most ironic book in the bible
- Jonah was the only successful prophet
- But he dislikes it
Chapter 1: the prophet is disobedient and refuses
God,
Chapter 2: so, he praises God in the fish for his
mercy;
Chapter 3: the prophet obeys the word of God and
preaches,
Chapter 4: so, he complains that God offers any
mercy at all.
The message and lessons taken from the story of
Jonah
- It represents the universal love of God even
for gentiles
- It shows God’s control over all of nature and
all people
- It ridicules some of the narrow nationalism
in Judah
- It is a satire on the actions of many prophets
KETUVIM WRITTINGS
JOB
- job tells the story of one man’s troubles. But
his situation prompts a series of
conversations written in the form of poetry.
These conversations between Job and his
friends and the Lord focus on difficult life
questions. Reading this book will challenge
you to bare your heart before God. It is easy
to offer God your praises and thanks. But
Job will challenge you to offer to God even
the many questions and the deepest
emotions in your heart. For God alone can
satisfy your cries and give you comfort and
rest.
- Job lives in a foreign pagan land in ancient
times. His position is enviable: he is a leader
of the nomads, somewhat like Abraham and
he lacks nothing.
- Since he preserved his trust, it was rewarded
by the just God.
- Job deals with the causes of human suffering
and the role may play in this suffering. Job
is described in the story as “a truly good
Church teaching
person, who respects God and refuses to do
evil”. He trusted God and was blessed with
many children, good health, and much
wealth. But when Job loses everything and
suffers terribly, the book seems to focus
directly on the question of why a good and
faithful like Job has to suffer. Job invites us
to struggle with age-old questions and in the
end discover that the mysterious power and
ways of God are sometimes beyond human
understanding, but God’s presence with us
in times of suffering can give us the strength
to go on and face the future.
ECCLESIASTES
- The book’s title comes from the ancient
Greek translation of the Hebrew word
Qoheleth, which means “one who
assembles.” The author is not known, but
many scholars suggest he may have been a
teacher, preacher, or philosopher. The author
shares his thoughts on the meaning of life
and uses sayings, proverbs, and poems to
illustrate his point.
- The book of Ecclesiastes is a search for the
meaning of life. The writer sees from the
point of view that life is full of
contradictions and mysteries. Hard work is a
gift from God but work is painful and
senseless because after people die, they
won’t have anything to show for their hard
work and others will get to enjoy their
wealth. There is time for everything,
everything on earth is temporary, just put
your trust in God or His providence. God is
journeying with us throughout. (Ec. 3:1-15)
- Ecclesiastes looks at all the aspects of the
human condition, one after the other,
beginning from the surest: death. Death
destroys all illusions of a man who tries to
forget the lack of meaning in his life.
- The chosen biblical passages about Job and
Ecclesiastes describe how God remains
present in the experiences of His people. In
the midst of all these encounters, the people
of God who remain faithful to Him are
assured of God’s presence and company in
their endeavor.
- The third part of the Old Testament, called
the “Writings,” presents the discernment
needed for ordinary day-to-day living. The
Wisdom literature presents how the faithful
can discern the presence of God in their
daily lives. “How are things
interconnected?” the wise man asks. Can
God, through His Covenant Torah and His
prophetic Word, bring salvation to ordinary
daily life? (CFC 441)
- In the Wisdom Literature, Job responds by
looking not only back to the confident
experience of God’s saving presence in the
past. He also looks forward to the divine
inscrutability: “The Lord gave and the Lord
has taken away” (Jb 1:21). There is much to
learn from the counsels of the wise. “Be not
wise in your own eyes, fear the Lord and
turn away from evil” (Prv 3:7). On work and
leisure: “He who tills his own land has food
in plenty, but he who follows idle pursuits is
a fool” (Prv 12:11). On relating to people:
“A mild answer calms wrath, but a harsh
word stirs up anger” (Prv 15:1). (CFC 442)
 - Some advice “liberates” by exposing evils
that enslave. “There are six things the Lord
hates, yes, seven are an abomination to Him;
haughty eyes, a lying tongue, and hands that
shed innocent blood; a heart that plots
wicked schemes, feet that run swiftly to evil,
the false witness who utters lies, and he who
sows discord among brothers” (Prv6:16-19).
Others provide something like today’s
“value clarification.” “It is better to harken
to the wise person’s rebuke than to harken to
the song of fools” (Eccl 7:5). (CFC 443)
- Job’s question, then, is answered by the vital
interaction of life experience and Lord-
experience. Both come together in: “Behold,
the fear of the Lord is wisdom, and avoiding
evil is understanding” (Jb 28:28). The best
human knowledge of salvation is discerning
obedience to the Lord. (CFC 444)
- As God journeyed with the people of God
promising salvation through his continued
presence, he also journeys with you in your
day-to-day undertakings. You take assurance
of His accompaniment in the wisdom of the
wise. Your journey with God becomes
enjoyable, easier despite adversaries like Job
if you need to recognize that all blessings
and goodness come from God and that
difficulties can be overcome if we entrust
ourselves to God. To be guided to live a life
of blessing, you need to pray as the Psalmist
does, trust in God’s timing and listen to the
wisdom of the wise. These can be done by
developing a habit of prayer and constant
participation in the Eucharist.
SYNTHESIS: DISCUSSION ON THE TORAH,
NEVI’IM AND KETUVIM
The Five Books of Moses retell the story of how the
family of Abraham and Sarah became the people of
Israel and how they came back from exile in Egypt,
under the leadership of Moses, to the border of the
land of Israel, on the way stopping at Mount Sinai
for the revelation of what is known as the Ten
Commandments. The Torah includes both the
narrative of the formation of the people of Israel and
the laws defining the covenant that bind the people
to God. Nevi’im (Prophets) presents Israel’s history
as a nation on its land. The Israelites conquered and
settled; they were beset by local enemies and
eventually by imperial powers. Political and
prophetic leaders vie for hearts; the supporters of
God‘s covenant did battles against the paganism of
neighboring groups and among the Israelites
themselves.
A kingdom, a capital, and a Temple were built and
eventually destroyed. At the end of Nevi’im,
prophets who experienced exile taught a renewed
monotheism to a chastened Israel. Ketuvim means
simply “Writings”, which hardly does justice to the
variety of religious expressions found there. There
is poetry — of Temple ritual, private prayer,
wisdom, national tragedy, even love. There is
philosophical exploration–of the wisest path in life,
of God’s goodness and justice. There are historical
retellings and short stories
MARY THE MOTHER OF JESUS
Mary has been called “ theotokos” a Greek word
meaning “God bearer” (mother of god)
- The holy virgin is the theotokos (acc. To the
flesh she gave birth to the word of God
become flesh by birth
- let him be anathema
- mary is our model on the way of
discipleship and the mother of the church
CHURCH TEACHING
- the blessed virgin mary most perfectly
embodies the obedience of faith
- mary perfectly exemplified the common
definitions of faith as “full submission of the
intellect and the will and the obedience of
faith
- mary was not only the first to evangelized to
receive the good news, she is also the first
evangelizer
MISSIONARY RESPONSE
- like mary, the model of faith, we emulate
her simplicity, humility and great faith so
that can entrust ourselves to the lord as she
 did. We can do this by being contented with
what we have and do not demand much
from your parents. We can also make our
faith grow and bear fruit
- to deepen our understanding of christ’s
message, we need to read our bibles and
listen to the homilies during the mass
- to grow in faith, we need to love and this
love should be translated to charity need not
to be grand but start in our homes, while at
home we can do our share in the day to day
chores in order to ease our parents in school,
take care of the property of the school like
your own
- just as our body needs nourishment of grow
and be healthy, we need to nourish our faith
life. Take time to visit the chapel and pray
but more importantly participate in the
celebration of the sacraments most
especially the holy eucharist
john the Baptist presents jesus as the lamb of God
The word lamb can mean both the servant and the
lam
Jesus is the servant of God announced by the
prophets, who was sacrifice himself for his bothers
and sisters
He is also the true lamb that replaces the paschal
lamb
- in history, jesus appears after john, but being
the word of god, he existed before all
creatures. He also goes ahead of all
including john the Baptist
john sole purpose is to prepare the people to receive
the “one more powerful than “I”
the catechism of the catholic church speaks of john
the Baptist as the lord’s immediate precursor of
forerunner, sent to prepare his way
prophets of the highest, john surpasses all the
prophets of whom he is the last
MISSIONARY RESPONSE
- john the Baptist was a man of humility and
man or courage. He leads people to the true
light, jesus christ. We can be witnesses God
like John the Baptist and introduce jesus to
people as he did through the following
our willingness to listen to others and accept their
opinion instead of insisting our opinion
appreciating our god given talents and use them in
the service of others
correcting a friend in the bad things that they did
encourage our friends to go to jesus through our
good prayer life
Jesus as the foundation of the church
Baptism of Jesus
 the beginning of Jesus’ ministry.
 A calling to His Mission, in the fulfillment
of God’s plan of Salvation to humanity.
 The baptism had two foci: repentance and
eschatology. In submitting to John’s baptism
Jesus demonstrated “his willingness to take
on the servant’s role, entailing his
identification with the people.”
The account of Jesus’ Baptism (Mark 1:9-11) is
legend, certain though it is that the legend started
from the historical fact of Jesus’ baptism by John. It
was told in the interest not of biography, but of faith
and it reports Jesus’ consecration as Messiah.
Rudolf Bultmann
Baptism
 After the death of John, the Baptist Jesus
sort of launched His public ministry or
Mission.
 His message was: The time has come the
kingdom of God is near repent and
believe the good news.
  It gives us the initial idea of how Jesus
changed or transformed in another
Mission.
 Go signal that Jesus was ready to submit
himself in the mission.
 It implies transformation, new beginning
and new life.
 Jesus is a new person.
Baptism is the means by which God acts to forgive
past sins for which Jesus died
(I Cor. 15:3), and so baptism is essential to the
good news message that must be believed.
The temptation of jesus
Jesus was offered power, turn stones into bread,
offered prestige in the whole of Jerusalem, He was
offered wealth and even tested God
Christ, undergoes the “devils” attack in his own
temptation, defeats these principalities and powers
so as to gain for all humankind a victory—not over
human nature or over the world but over the
personal, demonic agents of evil that attempt to
thwart God’s purposes and prowl about the world
seeking the ruin of souls.
FOCUS:
the full acceptance of God’s will.
Pope benedict =
is a descent into the perils besetting mankind, for
there is no other way to lift up fallen humanity.
Jesus has to enter into the drama of human
existence, for that belongs to the core of his
mission; he has to penetrate it completely, down
to its uttermost depths, in order to find the ‘lost
sheep,’ to bear it on his shoulders, and to bring it
home.”
In the description given by Pope Benedict XVI
 Jesus’ temptations as reflecting “the inner
struggle over his own particular mission.”
 The path forged by Christ in this event is
an ‘internal’ one involving a struggle
against evil that followed him along every
step of his journey.
THE GOSPEL
- They also herald that jesus came to full fill
the promises God made to our ancestors, and
to overcome the slavery of sin and death
- The gospels are the main source of
information about the life and teaching of
jesus
General information about the gospel
- Written 35-75 years after jesus death
Author
- Lived in different countries
- Wrote at different times
- Wrote to different communities
- Wrote about different communities
- Wrote about different problems and
concerns
- None were eye witnesses
All wrote in Greek, note jesus spoke Aramaic
All used literary and oral sources
The synoptic gospels
- Matthew, mark and luke are calles synoptic
gospels
- Synoptic comes from a Greek word meaning
“seeing the whole together”
- These gospels are similar in style and share
much of the same content
Two source hypotheses
- Many scholars believe that both luke and
matthew used mark as a source when writing
their gospels
- Some scholars also propose that luke and
matthew may have used a second source
known as the quelle or the q source
Mark
- Mark includes an aura of secrecy in this
gospel known as the messianic secret
- Mark emphasizes the humanity of jesus
- Central to marks Christology is the image of
jesus as the suffering servant
- True disciples must imitate jesus in both his
ministry and his suffering
Matthew
- Matthew highlights jesus as the fulfillment
of many Old Testament hopes and
prophecies
- He validates the communities like to the
covenant promises of the past, while
justifying their new devotion to Christ and
his mission
Luke
- Luke paints a picture of jesus as the
compassionate savior who welcomes all
- Luke emphasized the presence of women in
the ministry of jesus
- The final groups given special attention in
the gospel of luke are those who are sick and
sinners
The gospel of john
The gospel of John is not one of the synoptic
gospels
- Many people credit this gospel to a man
named john “ the disciple whom jesus
loved” but the actual author is unknown
- Many believe the author was a member of a
Christian community founded by the
beloved disciple
- Its tradition and teaching represents the
whole Johannine community rather than just
one individual
Two book in one gospel
- In the first half of the gospel, jesus teaches
mainly through signs that reveal his identity
- These signs are found in john 1:19-12:50
and are known as the book of signs
- The second half of the gospel focuses on the
passion, death, resurrection and ascension-
the events that glorify jesus
- This is known as the book of glory and is
found in john 13:1- 20:31
John’s image of Jesus
- The synoptic gospels emphasize the
humanity of jesus
- The gospel of john emphasizes the divinity
of jesus
- John uses high Christology- a term used to
describe how john proclaims from the very
beginning that jesus is God, the eternal word
of the father
The public ministry of Christ
Jesus is the greatest teacher and story teller
- The teaching and preaching of Jesus are
centered on the kingdom of God’s dynamic
symbol of Gods active presence among his
people
- Kingdom of God to Christ is all blessing of
salvation, a salvation of God’s active
 presence within people’s daily life liberating
them from the enslaving power of evel. For
loving service of their fellowmen
Christ typical method of communicating his words
about the kingdom was telling stories, parables
Why did Jesus teach in parables?
The world parable
- It is a transliteration of the Greek word
“parabole” means “to place besides, to cast
alongside”
- It signifies a placing of one thing beside
another with a view to comparison
Wiebe’s description of a parable:
- As “a story that places one thing beside
another for the purpose of teaching
- It puts the known next to the unknown so
that we may learn –
- A parable can usually be identified by the
use of the word “like” MT 13 31 33
As used in the New Testament, a parable
- Is usually a story of narrative drawn form
nature or human circumstances
- From which spiritual lessons can be made by
comparison
- A common definition of parable is an earthy
story with a heavenly meaning
The purpose of the parable of Jesus
The primary purpose was to conceal and reveal
- Jesus began speaking in parables because of
the hardness of many people’s hearts
- By resorting to parables, Jesus effectively
separated the truth seekers from the curiosity
seekers
- Jesus used parables to carry out divine
judgment
Jesus’ healing ministry
- Jesus healed out of compassion and concern
for their wellbeing
- He was generous with his ministry, not
holding back his power, not judging if
someone was worthy of healing, not trying
to discern the reason the person was seeking
his healing power
Jesus table fellowship
- At the time of Jesus, eating together was the
primary way of marking any significant
event, both social and religious table
- Table fellowship in Judaism was more than
food in the ancient world, to share the table
with another person was making a social
statement about yourself and about your
guest
Table fellowship symbolizes Christ whole mission
and message of drawing all into his father’s
kingdom, it prefigures the eternal banquet in the
kingdom of God
The importance of this table fellowship in jesus
ministry
1. The special importance among the early
disciples, the breaking of bread
2. The lords prayer which christ taught his
disciples it summarizes the ministry if christ
in terms if abba, the kingdom, bread,
forgiveness and the final test
The paschal mystery
The story of the passion
- The word passion comes form the latin word
for suffering.
- It cannot be properly understood without the
story of the resurrection
 - The story of jesus arrest, trial, and suffering
- Most versions of the passion begin with the
events in the garden of gethsemane
- Some also include the last supper, while
some writers begin the story as early as
Palm Sunday, when Jesus entered Jerusalem
to the applause of the crowds
- The passion is a story about injustice, doubt,
fear, pain and ultimately, degrading death
- It tells how God experienced these things in
the same ways as ordinary human beings
Crucifix- the most iconic passion
- Spiritually, the passion is the perfect
example of suffering which is one of the
pervasive themes of the Christian religion.
Suffering is not the only theme of the
passion
Other themes
- Incarnation
- Obedience
- Victory
The elements of the passion story
- The last supper
- The agony on the garden of gethsemane
- The arrest of jesus after his betrayal by judas
- The examination and condemnation od jesus
by the jews
- The trial before pilate during which jesus is
sentenced to be whipped and crucified
- The crucifixion of jesus
This event is the foundation of the Christian
sacrament of the eucharist which includes
services such as holy communion, mass, the
lord’s supper
Jesus predicts that he will be betrayed by one of
those sharing the meal with him, and that
another of the disciples will disown him
Garden of gethsemane
- Jesus is in anguish sweating drops of blood
as he calls out loudly to the father “abba,
father, all things are possible to thee; remove
this cup from me; yet not what I will, but hat
thou wilt. Mark 14; 36 “the he returned to
his disciples and found them sleeping.
Couldn’t you men keep watch with me for
one hour? He asked peter. Watch and pray
so that you will not fall into temptation. The
spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
Jesus is betrayed by judas and arrested
- Judas betrays Jesus by identifying him with
a kiss- the signal he had arranged before
hand
Jesus is tried by Jewish officials
1. Jesus is questioned in front of a group of
jewish religious leaders
2. Caiaphas, the chief priest of the temple
wanted to destroy jesus before he caused a
rebellion that would bring down the
comfortable world of the temple and
enraging the roman authorities
3. During questioning jesus says enough for
the romans to see him as a rebel, and the
jews to regard him as a blasphemer
4. The trial of jesus before the jewish
authorities is a source of much controversy,
and has been used in the part to justify
antisemitism
The crucifixion
- Jesus is whipped and then, to mock the
claim that he is king of the the jews
 - Given a crown of thorns and dressed in a
purple robe. Jesus carries hos cross to the
place of crucifixion takes place at a location
called calvary of Golgotha
- Jesus is stripped and nailed to the cross.
Above his head is placed a sign that says
king of the jews. Two criminals are crucified
alongside him. After some hours the soldier
check that jesus is dead by stabbing him in
the side. Blood and water gush out. Jesus
body is taken down and buried
Resurrection
Seven stages in the acts of the apostles
Pentecost
- Birthday of the church
- The Christian church grew out of the
apostolic proclamation of the gospel and is
alive in the act of proclamation
The church does not close, only the building.
Because we are the church, the living body of our
lord jesus and we are everywhere

- Resurrection can be defined as the one-time

event of coming back to life after death with
an immortal spiritual body in the day that
christ returns

- It is life after life after death which may be

in heaven or hell

- Immediately after death is life after death

- So after resurrection it is life after life after

death

Importance of resurrection

- And if chris has not been raised, your faith

is futile; you are still in your sins. Then
those also who have fallen as sleep in christ
are lost. If only for this life we have hope in
christ we are of all people most to be pitied

- The truth of Christianity

- Our salvation

The holy spirit

The Pentecost experience

What is Pentecost?

- The word Pentecost is Greek, meaning

fiftieth day. It is the name given to a great
harvest festival celebrated fifty days after
the Passover festival