NARRATIVE

Narrative REPORT
Report

Who is Robert Peel, Kenneth Peak & Bertus Ferreira ?

Robert Peel
In 1892, Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan
Police Force. He became known as the“Father of Modern
Policing” and his commissioners develop a list of policing
principles that remain as crucial and urgent today as they were
two countries ago. They contain three core ideas and nine
principles.
Peel was twice British prime minister and his period in
government saw landmark social reforms and the repeal of the
Corn Laws. Robert Peel was born on 5 February 1788 in Bury,
Lancashire. His father was a wealthy cotton mill owner, and
Peel was educated at Harrow and Oxford, entering parliament as
a Tory in 1809. His early political career included appointments
as under-secretary for war and colonies (1809) and chief
secretary for Ireland (1812). In 1822, he become home secretary,
and introduced far-ranging criminal law and prison reform as
well as creating the Metropolitan Police - the terms 'bobbies' and
'peelers' come from his name. The Wellington government in
which Peel had been home secretary fell in 1830, and Peel was
now in opposition to a new administration, headed by Earl Grey.
Peel argued passionately against Grey's proposals for
parliamentary reform. Nonetheless, in 1832 the Reform Act was
passed. The Whig Government of Earl Grey was dismissed in
1834 by William IV, who appointed Peel as the new prime
minister. In his Tamworth Manifesto, Peel outlined his support
for the Reform Act, a shift which highlighted his adoption of a
more enlightened Conservatism. Although in power, Peel's
Tories remained a minority in the House of Commons, a
situation which Peel found increasingly intolerable, and he
resigned in 1835. In 1841, Peel again formed a Conservative
administration, and it was during this government that he
oversaw the introduction of significant legislation such as the
Mines Act of 1842, which forbade the employment of women
and children underground and the Factory Act of 1844, which
limited working hours for children and women in factories.
 In 1845, Peel faced the defining challenge of his career, when
he attempted to repeal the Corn Laws which had been
introduced to protect British agriculture. This was triggered by
the need to free up more food for Ireland, where a potato famine
was raging. Landowners resisted in the House of Commons
what they perceived as an attack on their interests. Peel's
Conservative Party would not support him, and the debate lasted
for months. Eventually, in June 1846, with support from the
Whigs and the Radicals, the Corn Laws were repealed. On the
same day, Peel was defeated on another bill, and resigned. He
never held office again. Four years later, Peel was badly injured
after falling from his horse and died on 2 July 1850 in London.
 Kenneth Peak
Was the son of Harold Raymond "Dutch" and Mary Rose Peak,
both of whom predeceased him. Ken was born the 17th of July
1945, in Cleves, Ohio, and grew up in nearby Frogtown.
Ken was a 1963 graduate of Taylor High School and went on to
earn a BS in Physics from Ohio University in 1967 and a MBA
from Columbia University in 1972. Ken served as an Officer in
the United States Navy from 1968 to 1971 where he worked as a
Cryptologist.
Ken Peak is professor and former chair of the Department of
Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, Reno. He entered
municipal policing in Kansas in 1970 and subsequently held
positions as a nine-county, LEAA-funded criminal justice
planner in Kansas; director of the four-state Technical
Assistance Institute for the Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration; director of university police at Pittsburg State
University, Kan.; acting public safety director at the University
of Nevada, Reno; and assistant criminal justice professor at
Wichita State University, Kan. He has authored or coauthored
16 textbooks (on community policing, justice administration,
police supervision, general policing, and women in policing), as
well as two historical books on bootlegging and temperance and
more than 50 journal articles and additional book chapters. He is
past chairman of the police section of the Academy of Criminal
Justice Sciences and past president of the Western and Pacific
Association of Criminal Justice Educators. He received two
gubernatorial appointments to statewide criminal justice
committees while in Kansas, and holds a doctorate from the
University of Kansas.
Ken was a man of many accomplishments in the business world.
Ken served as the President and Chief Executive Officer at
Contango Ore Inc., since October 2009. Ken served as Chief
Executive Officer of Contango Oil & Gas Company. He was
Chairman at Contango Oil & Gas Co. since 1999 and served as
President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary from July 1999
to November 2011 and also as Chief Executive Officer from
September 1999 to August 2012. He founded Contango Oil &
Gas Co. in September, 1999. Before Contango, Ken served as
the President at Peak Enernomics Inc., a natural gas and oil-
consulting firm that he formed, since 1990. Ken began his
energy career in 1973 as a Commercial Banker in First National
Bank of Chicago's energy group. He served as a Treasurer at
Tosco Corporation in 1980 and Chief Financial Officer at Texas
International Company ('TIC') in 1982. Ken's tenure with TIC
included serving as the President of TIPCO, the domestic
operating subsidiary of TIC's natural gas and oil operations. Ken
served as the Chief Financial Officer of Forest Oil Corporation
from 1988 to 1989 and as an investment banker with Howard
Weil from 1989 to 1990. Ken was Director of Cellxion Inc.
beginning on November 6, 2000. Ken served as Director at
AKM Enterprise Inc., NL Industries Inc. and Contango Capital
Partnership Management, LLC. He was a Director of Patterson-
UTI Energy Inc a North America provider of onshore contract
drilling services to exploration and production companies,
beginning on November 6, 2000. He served as a Director of
Amerac Energy Corp. since 1995. Ken also served on the
management committee of the College of Arts and Sciences at
Ohio University.Ken served as the Chairman of the Board for
OnKure, an oncology drug company that was founded in 2011.
However, Kenneth R. Peak passed away Friday, the 19th of
April 2013, at age 67 after a courageous battle with brain cancer.
 Bertus, Ferreira.
Dr. Bertus Ferreira Professor Criminal Justice Age 68. Lives in:
New Concord KY. A professor in the Criminal Justice
department at Murray State University
Courses Taught at Murray State:
CRJ 140 - Introduction to Criminal Justice
CRJ 220 - Law Enforcement
CRJ 346 - Criminal Investigation
CRJ 355 - Security in Business and Industry
CRJ 425 - Terrorism
CRJ 447 - Business and Political Crime
CRJ 455 - Police and Community Relations
CRJ 555 - Crime Prevention
Education:
B.A. (Criminology and Police Science and minor in Law) -
University of South Africa
B.A. (Economics and minors in Psychology and Business
Administration) - Wichita State University
M.S. (Business and Industrial Security) - Central Missouri State
University
M.S. (Aviation Safety) - Central Missouri State University
M.Phil. (Criminology: Crime Prevention and Policing) - St.
John's College, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge,
England
Ed.D. (Occupational and Adult Education: Human Resource
Development) - Oklahoma State University
Professional Certifications:
CPP: Certified Protection Professional and Board Certified in
Security Management, American Society for Industrial Security;
CFE: Certified Fraud Examiner;
CST: Certified Security Trainer;
DABFE: Certified Forensic Examiner and Diplomate, American
Board of Forensic Examiners;
FACFE: Life Fellow, American College of Forensic Examiners
Clinical/Professional Focus:
Business/industrial security,
crime prevention,
crime investigation,
community policing,
economic/occupational/organized crime,
law enforcement,
risk management,
aviation security/safety,
terrorism and executive protection,
international criminal justice, and
academic program development

Definition of Community Policing the Peel Principles

In Britain, COP is often traced to Sir Robert Peel’s
establishment of the metropolitan police in 1829, even though
there were examples of what we now call COP before this.
According to Peel, prevention of crime was the core objective of
policing and officers thus patrolled their communities on foot in
order to deter criminal activity and were invested only with
common law powers of arrest and prosecution, thus reflecting
the notion that the police officer was simply a local ‘citizen-in-
uniform. This study examined the textbook history of Peel's
principles, the set of nineteenth century precepts so often
referenced as foundational to modern policing. Since even a
cursory review of sources cited for such principles by textbooks
identifies only secondary sources, the research question initially
posed was simply ‘what is the origin of Peel's principles?’ While
the answer may on paper seem self-evident—Sir Robert Peel
himself, it is problematic. Quite simply, how is this known to be
true? Although the fact that secondary sources are uniformly
cited for such principles might alone stimulate interest in such a
query, one of this study's authors, a historian with some research
background in the time period, has never seen a reference to
Peel's principles in either primary documents or secondary
historical sources.
The methodology required is basic to historical research, a
tracing of layers of sources. Since it is the sources cited which
must be examined in order to trace the factual origins of Peel's
principles, recent textbooks in multiple editions were initially
selected for review. That they have reached at least a second
edition indicates their usage or popularity. Such texts were
examined for whether they referred to Peel's principles, and if
so, what source was cited. Significantly, no one list or set of
Peel's principles was identified. Some textbooks cite earlier
policing texts as the source for the list of principles, others older
policing histories. It was these cited sources that were then
examined, proceeding further back in time in order to identify
the first references to Peel's principles. Accordingly, following a
discussion of the first generation of policing textbooks will be a
review of early policing histories. The ultimate finding is that
Peel's principles, as they are generally presented and understood
today, are an invention of twentieth century policing textbooks.
That Peel's principles were invented, however, does not
necessarily make them a fiction. Quite simply, much of history
is constructed by scholars and media, and then reconstructed as
new information is discovered. Sometimes the reconstruction is
revisionist; more commonly the reconstruction is about filling-in
missing information or enriching the factual context of a
particular historical point. Whether revisiting Peel's principles is
about a need to better define the history of modern policing or
just a trivial addition to historical dicta, is in the eyes of the
beholder. Toward the former idea, the present research and its
conclusions provide some direction for the future teaching of
policing history. This writing will, therefore, conclude with
several suggested considerations regarding textbook discussions
of history and the future of Peel's principles.
Concluding that Peel's principles are a later twentieth century
invention does not deny the possibility of common themes,
values, or even principles being found in earlier times.
Nevertheless, the implications of this study's findings regarding
the origins of Peel's principles are important for the writing of
textbook history in general and for the future of Peel's principles
in particular.
Given the importance of emerging historical scholarship and of
textbooks to the understanding of criminal justice history, a
rethinking of Peel's principles, their content, and purpose is most
certainly in order at this time. Peel's principles have been
particularly important in that they are often used in modern
criminal justice education as the ‘grandfather’ of today's
practices, as a way of showing how and when policing became
rational. Nevertheless, Community policing is a philosophy of
full-service policing that is highly personal. The goal is for
police to build relationships with the community and reduce
social disorder and low-level crime. Many police forces have
teams that focus specifically on community policing. It is related
to problem-oriented andintelligence-led policing
The three generations of community policing
The first generation of COPPS, innovation, spans the period
from 1979-1989. It began with the seminal work of Herman
Goldstein concerning needed improvement of policing.
The effort aims to give local communities the direction and
assistance they need, in collaboration with local law
enforcement, to create community-driven, significant, and
practical changes in the way that policing and public safety
services are offered.
The "Reimagine Public Safety" steps will be the main focus of
the innovations in community policing initiative, which aims to
find novel ways to involve police in the community.
The Foundations have created some main areas of concentration
for the Fund to help guide the creation of community-specific
initiatives, in line with some of the concerns that many
communities are voicing with regard to policing and public
safety.
The second generation, diffusion, covers the period from 1987-
1994. The concepts and philosophy of community policing and
solving spreading rapidly among police agencies through
various forms communication within the police subculture. The
diffusion of an innovation occurs when it is communicated to
other organisations or markets. The gains acquired by
concentrated police action may diffuse beyond the scope of the
type of crime or operation's geographic boundaries, essentially
creating a positive displacement effect.
The third generation, institutionalization, began in 1995- the
present. Today we see widespread implementation of
community policing and problem solving across the United
States. Nearly 17,000 local police agencies, employing 90
percent of all officers, have adopted this strategy. Integrating
community participation and accountability elements into every
facet of your job is crucial. The variety of case studies and how-
to guides on this hub will assist you in institutionalizing
community participation and accountability where you are. This
should be given top priority at both organizational and
operational levels.
 Police in Strashbourge France
The Strasburg Police Department maintains 24 hours per day/7
days a week coverage of Strasburg Borough, it strives to
communicate with the public in every way possible.
The Strasburg Borough Police Department is pleased to
announce and celebrate its 150th year anniversary. Since its
creation, in 1872, the department has continued to transform and
grow with the times. As you can imagine needs are much
different now than they were in 1872, constantly strive to
enhance our department's ability to serve our community.
The Strasburg Borough Police Department strives to enhance the
quality of life in the Strasburg community by providing high-
quality, professional police services.
 What kind of patrol used in community policing in
Strashbourge Police in France ?
  French community policing is still evolving. It features
many social crime prevention innovations, and has turned
community effort into a permanent institution. On the
downside, French police have been the reluctant heel-draggers
in the entire process. They have considered themselves
historically to be a paramilitary elite corps of specialized
professionals.
In August 2002, the French Parliament enacted the Loi
d'orientation et de programmation pour la sécurité
intèrieure. This law created the Local Security and Crime
Prevention Councils, which placed France structurally in a
position similar to that of Sweden. The new Act also
completed the integration of social crime prevention with
security (crime suppression) techniques, leaving the important
decision-making powers with the local communities.
It should be noted that, while all those councils and
partnerships were developing, France also spread the practice
of officiers de réseau, or local beat officers, who received
some special training in community policing skills. Originally
started as a pilot program in a handful of northern French
cities, this practice spread throughout the country and
developed a number of innovative outreach techniques that
proved effective in reducing crime while improving
community feelings of safety and participation in an
interactive program.
When the Law of August 2002 went into effect, the combined
local neighborhood policing concept was incorporated into
the overall planning as Police de Proximité, or Community
Policing. The intention is to mandate police cooperation with
local municipalities, and to make police accountable to the
public for its actions. Second, it mobilizes local residents to
participate in ensuring their own security by using interagency
outreach teams, problem-solving, counseling, and
neighborhood volunteer work among other community
policing approaches.