DEON KUMUKWAYA

20BBT1312

Determine the surface tension of a given sample of Cyclohexane by means of

stalagmometer by drop weight method.

Aim: Determine the surface tension of a given sample of Cyclohexane by means of

stalagmometer by drop weight method.

PRE-PREPARATION

 Clean the stalagmometer properly.

TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. Learning about the use of stalagmometer.

2. Learning about the surface tension of liquids.

APPARATUS:

Stalagmometer, specific gravity bottle, a small rubber tube with a screw pinch cork.

CHEMICALS:

Distilled water, experimental liquid.

THEORY:

The size f the drop of liquid forming on a capillary end depends upon the surface tension of the
liquid. The drop falls when the total surface tension 2 π r γ is equal to its weight. W = mg=2 π r γ

If two liquids having surface tension γ1 and γ2 are allowed to fall through the same capillary,
the W1 = m1g=2 π r γ1 W2 = m2g=2 π r γ1

Here m1 and m2 are the masses of the same number of drops of two liquids.one of the liquid
are water. Its surface tension is noted from the tables, thus the surface tension of the given
liquid can be calculated.

PROCEDURE:

1. Clean the stalagmometer with chromic acid mixture (K2Cr2O7 + conc. H2SO4) wash with
water then with alcohol and dry it.
2. Attach a small piece of rubber tube having a screw pinch cock at the upper end of the
stalagmometer.

3. Immerse the lower end of the stalagmometers in distilled water and suck the water 1-2 cm
above mark A. adjust the pinch cork so that 10-15 drops fall per minute.

4. Clamp the stalagmometer. And allow 10 drops of water to fall into the pre-weighed weighing
bottle.

5. Weigh the weighing bottle along with 10 drops of water.

6. Repeat the exercise to take 3 -4 readings.

7. Rinse the stalagmometer with alcohol and dry it.

8. Suck the given liquid in the stalagmometer and count the drops as in case of water.

9. Take a clear and dry weighing bottle, note its weight.

10. Fill the bottle with liquid and weight it. Dry the bottle and note its weight after filling with
water.

11. Note the temperature of water.

OBSERVATIONS:

Room temperature = t0C

Density of water at t0C = dw (From Table)

Surface tension of water = γw (From tables)

Weight of empty specific gravity bottle = w1 grams

Weight of specific gravity bottle + 10 drops of water = w2 grams

Weight of specific gravity bottle + 10 drops of liquid = w3 grams

Weight of 10 drops of water = (w2 – w1) g

Weight of 10 drops liquid = (w3 - w1) g

Surface tension of liquid,

γ1 (w3 - w1)

------ = ---------

γw (w2 - w1)

(w3 - w1)

γ1 = --------- x - ---- γw
(w2 - w1)

RESULT:

The Surface tension of the given liquid is …………………. dyne/ cm

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Stalagmometer should be thoroughly cleaned.

2. Rate of dropping should not exceed 15 drops per minute.

3. The drops should be allowed to fall under their own weight and should not be pushed out by
tapping.

OUTCOMES OF THIS EXPERIMENT

1. At the completion of the experiment student will be Able to apply the technique
independently. 2. Able to know the surface tension of different liquids and their surface
phenomenon