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    This document contains calculations related to thermodynamic processes involving various substances like R-134a refrigerant, water, ethane, and air. Key details include: 1) Calculations of mass, volume, enthalpy changes during a refrigeration cycle using R-134a between pressures of 400 kPa and 1.4 MPa. 2) Determination of saturation temperature and vapor properties for water at different pressures including 198.7 kPa. 3) Calculations of compressibility factor, specific volume, pressure during ethane vapor compression from 550 kPa to 1012 kPa. 4) Determination of temperature and specific volume during air compression from 150 kPa to 250 kPa

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    This document contains calculations related to thermodynamic processes involving various substances like R-134a refrigerant, water, ethane, and air. Key details include: 1) Calculations of mass, volume, enthalpy changes during a refrigeration cycle using R-134a between pressures of 400 kPa and 1.4 MPa. 2) Determination of saturation temperature and vapor properties for water at different pressures including 198.7 kPa. 3) Calculations of compressibility factor, specific volume, pressure during ethane vapor compression from 550 kPa to 1012 kPa. 4) Determination of temperature and specific volume during air compression from 150 kPa to 250 kPa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    137 views72 pages

    cengel 열역학 9판 ch.3

    Uploaded by

    조민제
    This document contains calculations related to thermodynamic processes involving various substances like R-134a refrigerant, water, ethane, and air. Key details include: 1) Calculations of mass, volume, enthalpy changes during a refrigeration cycle using R-134a between pressures of 400 kPa and 1.4 MPa. 2) Determination of saturation temperature and vapor properties for water at different pressures including 198.7 kPa. 3) Calculations of compressibility factor, specific volume, pressure during ethane vapor compression from 550 kPa to 1012 kPa. 4) Determination of temperature and specific volume during air compression from 150 kPa to 250 kPa

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    of 72

    v v

    v
    v v

    V
    v
    V
    v

    v v v v

    v
    v

    V v
    V v
    V
    v

    V
    v v

    v v

    0.001043 0.001041
    Percent Error 100 0.19%
    0.001041
    v v

    1 2
    v

    V
    v

    V v
    V
    v

    v v
    V
    v v

    v v
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    v v v
    v
    V
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    v
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    V
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    v

    V
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    v
    v V

    V
    v

    v v

    v
    v
    v

    V
    v
    V
    v

    v
    v

    V v
    Vf 0.2 0.14 0.028 m 3 and V g 0.8 0.14 0.112 m 3
    R-134a
    0.14 m3
    Vf 0.028 m 3 400 kPa
    mf 35.42 kg
    vf 0.0007905m 3 /kg
    Vg 0.112 m 3
    mg 2.185 kg
    vg 0.051266m 3 /kg

    mg 2.185 kg
    x 0.05810
    mt 37.61 kg

    P1 1.4 MPa
    v1 0.16356 m 3 /kg
    T1 250 C
    H2O
    1.4 MPa
    250 C

    P Psat@120 C 198.67 kPa T 1

    v2 v f 0.16356 0.001060
    x2 0.1825
    v fg 0.89133 0.001060
    2
    v
    h hf xh fg 503.81 0.1825 2202.1 905.7 kJ/kg
    0.4

    0.35

    0.3

    0.25
    x[2]

    0.2

    0.15

    0.1
    800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
    P[1] [kPa]
    SteamIAPWS
    700

    600

    500

    400
    T [°C]

    300
    1

    200 1400 kPa

    198.7 kPa
    100 2
    0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5

    0
    10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
    3
    v [m /kg]
    V
    v v

    v V

    v v
    v

    V
    v

    V v v
    v

    v v v

    v
    V v v

    V v

    V
    v

    v
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    V v

    V
    v

    v
    v

    v v

    V
    v

    v
    v

    v
    v v
    v

    V V v v

    2
    v v
    v v v v

    v
    v

    v v
    v
    v

    v v
    V
    v

    v
    V

    V
    V
    V

    V
    V

    V
    V

    V V V

    V V V
    V

    v v

    V V V V
    V

    V
    V V

    V V

    V V
    V V
    m1 RT1 (10 kg)(0.287 kPa m 3 /kg K)(293 K)
    V 5.606 m 3
    P1 150 kPa
    P2V (250 kPa)(5.606 m 3 ) Air, 10 kg
    m2 15.96 kg 150 kPa
    RT2 (0.287 kPa m 3 /kg K)(306 K)
    20 C

    m m2 m1 15.96 10 5.96 kg

    V V
    v

    v v

    v
    v

    v v

    v
    v

    v v

    v
    v

    v v

    v
    V

    V
    T1 313 K
    TR1 1.025
    Tcr 305.5 K Ethane
    Z1 0.960
    P1 550 kPa 550 kPa Q
    PR1 0.123
    Pcr 4480 kPa 40 C

    Z 1 RT1 (0.960)(0.2765 kPa m 3 /kg K)(313 K)


    v1 v 2 0.1511m 3 /kg
    P1 550 kPa

    T2 553 K
    TR 2 1.810
    Tcr 305.5 K
    Z2 1.0
    v 2,actual 0.1511m 3 /kg
    v R2 8.01
    RTcr /Pcr (0.2765 kPa m 3 /kg K)(305.5 K)/(4480 kPa)

    Z 2 RT2 (1.0)(0.2765 kPa m 3 /kg K)(553 K)


    P2 1012 kPa
    v2 0.1511m 3 /kg
    V
    v

    v
    v

    v v
    v
    Pv (1600 kPa)(0.01343 m 3 /kg)
    T 263.7 K
    R 0.08149 kPa m 3 /kg K

    27 R 2Tcr2 (27)(0.08149 kPa m 3 /kg K) 2 (374.2 K) 2


    a 0.09663 m 6 kPa/kg 2
    64Pcr (64)(4059 kPa)
    RTcr (0.08149 kPa m 3 /kg K)(374.2 K)
    b 0.000939 m 3 /kg
    8Pcr 8 4059 kPa

    1 a 1 0.09663
    T P 2
    v b 1600 0.01343 0.000939 327.4 K
    R v 0.08149 (0.01343)2

    P 1600 kPa
    T 70 C (343 K)
    v 0.01343 m 3 /kg
    V
    v

    v v

    v v

    v
    v v v
    v

    v v

    v
    v v v
    0.046

    0.044

    0.042

    0.04 ideal gas


    v [m /kg]

    0.038
    3

    0.036 Beattie-Bridgeman

    0.034 Table

    0.032

    0.03

    0.028

    110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150


    T [K]
    V

    v
    v v v v v v

    v v v
    v
    v v v

    v
    v

    V v
    V
    v

    v
    v

    v
    Thermos
    Pv, air Psat @ Tair Psat@20 C (0.35)(2.3392 kPa) 0.8187 kPa bottle

    20 C
    Pv, water surface Pv, air 0.8187 kPa 35%

    Twater Tsat @ Pv Tsat @ 0.8187 kPa 4.1 C


    v

    v
    V

    V
    V V
    V V

    V V

    v
    v V

    v v v

    v V

    V
    v

    v v
    v
    v
    v
    v

    v v

    Steam IAPWS
    106

    105

    104
    P [kPa]

    103 1
    300 kPa
    250°C
    102 150 kPa 111,4°C 2

    101

    100
    10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
    v [m3/kg]

    Steam IAPWS
    700

    600

    500

    400
    T [°C]

    300 1
    250 C

    200
    300 kPa

    100
    111.35 C 150 kPa 2

    0
    10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
    v [m3/kg]
    V

    v v
    v

    V v v
    v=V

    v v
    V

    V
    V v v

    V
    V v v

    V v v

    V V V
    V
    v

    v v
    V

    V V v
    v
    v

    SteamIAPWS
    106

    105

    104
    P [kPa]

    103
    400 2
    300 133.5°C 1
    102 200

    101

    0.525
    100
    10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
    3
    v [m /kg]

    v v

    SteamIAPWS
    700

    600

    300 kPa
    500

    198.7 kPa
    400
    T [°C]

    100 kPa
    300

    200
    2

    100 1
    0.7163
    0
    10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
    3
    v [m /kg]
    v v
    v

    R134a
    105

    104
    P [kPa]

    103
    1
    400
    280 -1.25°C
    2
    200
    102

    0.06
    101
    10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101
    3
    v [m /kg]

    v v

    R134a
    250

    200

    150

    100
    1
    T [°C]

    75

    50
    1200 kPa
    20 572 kPa
    0 0.6 300 kPa
    2

    -50
    0.02
    -100
    10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
    3
    v [m /kg]
    v v

    v
    v
    v

    v v

    v v
    v

    v
    v

    v
    V

    V
    v

    v v

    v v

    v
    v v v

    v
    v

    T 293 K
    TR 1.893
    Tcr 154.8 K
    Z 0.975
    P 4 MPa
    PR 0.787
    Pcr 5.08 MPa

    v v

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