Don Bosco Institute Of Technology, Mumbai-400 070. Subject : Television and Video Engg.

Academic Year : 2010-2011

Experiment No.9
Aim: - To study picture tube of monochrome television. Apparatus: - Monochrome Television trainer kit. Theory: Picture tube is a transducer to convert electrical video signals varying with time into variations of light in space to reproduce the original picture. It uses the phenomenon of fluorescence and scanning. Monochrome picture tube consists of an evacuated glass envelope, housing an electron gun to produce a sharply focused electron beam and a fluorescent screen to produce light when the electron beam strikes the phosphor element on the element. Also there are devices to deflect the electron beam horizontally and vertically to enable it to scan the screen through width and height to reproduce the original picture. The functions of several of picture tube are discussed below: Electron Gun: It produces a well- focused electron beam, using thermionic emission of electrons from a cathode and few grids for controlling, accelerating, and focusing the electrons. Cathode: It consists of a throated oxide of tungsten which is heated by a heater wire placed closed to the cathode but without touching it electrically. The material between the heater and the cathode is a thermal conductor, but it is an electric insulator. Such a cathode known as indirectly heated cathode. Control Grid 1: The element next to cathode is the control grid. It is a metallic cylinder of nickel, and has a small aperture, which allows the electrons to pass through. Control grid is kept at negative potential with respect to cathode. The grid bias is 30 to 50V variable. Negative grid bias enables the control grid to controls the space charge of the electron coming out of the cathode. This controls the brightness of the screen. Screen Grid 2: It is a metallic cylinder of nickel, which is kept at positive potential with respect to cathode. This grid accelerates the electron in the beam. It is therefore also called as accelerating grid. The effect of voltages on the screen and the control grid is such a that the electrons converges in the space between these two grids.

Don Bosco Institute Of Technology, Mumbai-400 070. Subject : Television and Video Engg. Academic Year : 2010-2011

Focusing Grid: This grid provides the required the electrostatic field to prevent spreading of the electron and help in producing a sharp spot on the screen. Final Anode: To cause fluorescence in the phosphor material, the electrons should strike the screen with great velocity. The required high velocity is imparted by the final anode, which is coated to a long conducting coating of aquadag inside the wide bell of the tube. The aquadag coating extends from the screen to the narrow neck. It is given a very high potential, called EHT. Fluorescent screen: It consists of rectangular faceplate made of an optically flat glass of high quality. The glass is 1.5 cm thick to withstand the outside air pressure against the internal vacuum. There is a very thin aluminum coating on the back o f the phosphor surface. It improves the brightness by reflecting the light from back to front. Also the aluminum coating stops the ions to reach the phosphor coating, which permanently damages the screen. Fluorescent screen: It consists of rectangular faceplate made of an optically flat glass of high quality. The glass is 1.5 cm thick to withstand the outside air pressure against the internal vacuum. There is a very thin aluminum coating on the back o f the phosphor surface. It improves the brightness by reflecting the light from back to front. Also the aluminum coating stops the ions to reach the phosphor coating, which permanently damages the screen. Deflection Coil: Electron beam is deflected by magnetic deflection. The saw tooth currents flow in the horizontal and vertical deflection coils which produces the magnetic fields which deflects the beam in the picture tube. The mounting block containing deflection coils is called as yoke. Result: Cross-sectional view of the picture tube is studied.

Don Bosco Institute Of Technology, Mumbai-400 070. Subject : Television and Video Engg. Academic Year : 2010-2011

Don Bosco Institute Of Technology, Mumbai-400 070. Subject : Television and Video Engg. Academic Year : 2010-2011