Final Report of LPG Gas Stove

LPG SMART STOVE
by
Udit Sharma(1703231174)
Vikas Kumar (1703231183)
Vishal Yadav(1703231185)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
ABES Engineering College
Campus 1, 19th Km Stone, NH-09, Ghaziabad

May, 2021
ii
LPG SMART STOVE
by
Udit Sharma (1703231174)

Vikas Kumar (1703231183)
Vishal Yadav (1703231185)
Submitted to the department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
May, 2021
iii
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work that, to the best of our knowledge
and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor
material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree
or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Signature:
Name: Udit Sharma
Roll number: 1703231174
Date:
Signature:
Name: Vikas Kumar
Date:
Signature:
Name: Vishal Yadav
Date:
iv
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report entitled “ LPG SMART STOVE” which is submitted
by Udit Sharma , Vikas Kuma ,Vishal Yadav in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of degree B.Tech. in Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Technical University, is a record of the
candidates’ own work carried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodied in
this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.
Date: (Supervisor Signature)

Name- Mr. Deepak Garg .
Designation- Assistant Professor(Senior
Scale)
Electronics & Communication Engineering
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech. Project undertaken
during B.Tech Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Guide Designation &
Name Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, ABES Engineering
College, Ghaziabad for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our
work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of
inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavours have seen light of the
day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor (Dr.) S. K.

Singh,Head of Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, ABES
Engineering College, Ghaziabad for his full support and assistance during the
development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.
Signature: Signature:
Name: Udit Sharma Name: Vikas Kumar
Roll No. 1703231174 Roll No. 1703231183
Date: Date:
Signature:
Name: Vishal Yadav
Roll No. 1703231185
Date:
vi
ABSTRACT
This paper documents the design and testing of our smart stove setup. The inspiration
of our project comes from attempting to make the kitchen, specifically a stove, a safer
environment for the elderly and children. We will highlight how we accomplish this by
detecting hazards with multiple sensor, notifying users wirelessly, and controlling power
to a stove remotely. This done through 4 main modules, the sensor module, Wifi
module, control module, and power module. We hope that this is something that can be
easily implemented in most home to make the lives of people safer. Nowadays, people are
having a hectic schedule and hence have no time to sit near stove while cooking food and
even sometimes unconsciously forgot to turn off their gas burner in kitchen. This system’s
fundamental goal is to reduce attention time for cooking and addition feature which provide
protection by detection of LPG gas leakage. It also consists of a system which will detect
overflow of milk and switch of stove automatically. This project consists of timer module
which is used to set cooking time for food. It uses MQ-6 sensor to detect LPG leakage and
turn on buzzer to alert user and turn off knob of stove to avoid leakage. For milk boiling it
uses level indicator which detect level of fluid when it startsboiling and turn of knob
automatically.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TitlePage No.
Declaration ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
List of Table vi
List of Figure vii
List of Symbol viii
List of Abbreviation ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-9

1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Features of stove 3
1.1.2 Gas stove 5
1.2 Background 6
1.3 Equipment selection 7
1.4 Problem statement 8
1.5 Objective 9
1.6 Study of scope 9
CHAPTER2LITERATURE REVIEW 10-18
2.1Literature review 10
2.2 Review of gas stove stand 15
2.3 Review of selected material 15
2.4Survey about Internet of Things in fire detection
17
CHAPTER3 METHODOLOGY 19-42
3.1 Materials 19
3.1.1 DC motor with gear box 19
3.1.2 35238MP timer module 20
3.1.3 MQ-6 gas sensor 23
3.1.4 Buzzer 27
3.1.5 Relay 28
3.1.6 Resistor 29
3.1.7 Capacitor 30
3.1.8 IC555 timer 31
3.1.9 TTP223 touch sensor 32
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3.1.10 LED 33
3.1.11 BC-547 transistor 34
3.2 Circuit diagram 35

3.2.1 Gas leakage detector circuit 35
3.2.2 Overflow detection circuit 36
3.2.3 35238MP timer circuit 39
3.2.4 Circuit diagram of touch sensor 40
3.3 Block diagram 41
3.4 Complete connection diagram 42
CHAPTER 4 (LPG SMART STOVE) 43-49

4.1 LPG smart stove 43
4.2 Diagram of Complete connection of devices in stove 44
4.3 Position of 35238MP timer in project 45
4.4 Position of touch sensor 46
4.5 How motor is connected to knob of stove 47
4.6 Position of adjustable milk overflow detector 48
4.7 Final project prototype picture 49
CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50-51

5.1 Result 50
5.1.1 Outputs of circuit 51
5.1.2 Final project pictures 51
5.2 Discussion 52
5.3 Bill of material 52
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 53-54

6.1 Conclusion 53
6.2 Future Scope 54
REFERENCES 55-57
PUBLICATION DETAILS
ix
LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page No.
1 Description of motor 19
2 Output of MQ-6 35
3 Output of level indicator 38
4 Output of timer 39
5 Output of touch sensor 40
6 Output of circuits 51
7 Bill of material 52
x
LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Page No.
1 A gas stove in a San Francisco apartment, 1975. 4
2 Accident due to gas leakage 7
3 Geared motor 8
4 35238 MP timer module 11
5 Image of our timer circuit 13
6 MQ-6 sensor module 14
7 Pin configuration of MQ-6 Sensor 17
8 Our gas leakage circuit image 18
9 Buzzer 19
10 Relay 20
11 Resistor 20
12 Capacitor
13 IC-55 timer
14 TTP223 touch sensor
15 LED
16 BC-547 transistor
17 circuit diagram of gas leakage detector
18 level indicator circuit
19 Circuit diagram of timer
20 Circuit diagram of touch sensor
21 Block diagram
22 Connection diagram of individual circuits
23 wiring of devices in prototype
24 position of timer module
25 osition of touch sensor
26 how geared motor is connected to knob
27 Adjustable stand
xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Ω -- ohm (unit or resistance)

Π -- pi (3.141)
µ -- micro
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
• Approx.- approximately.
• Comms- communication.
• AC- alternating current.
• DC- direct current.
• REF-Reference.
• CAD- Computer aided design.
• IC- Integrated circuit.
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous year, the whole world has focused on product safety issues rather than its
costs and other benefits. Especially when it comes to technology it should provide a safe
environment for human activity. One has to be very knowledgeable while working with
flammable products. A little carelessness when working with flammable products can cause
serious damage to buildings and health. More safety features should be installed on machines
that deal with flammable products. Almost all households use gas stoves for cooking. The gas
stove is a device with valves and controls that allows a controlled flow of flammable gases
such as LPG, butane, propane, butane, etc. LPG is divided into flammable products. The
default LPG temperature is approximately 410-580º C so it will not open at room temperature
without spark. An LPG leak or a small spark can cause a huge explosion. It is therefore
important to install some safety features on gas stoves to detect fuel leaks. As the most
common gasoline used in a gas stove by the LPG we will put our vision first in the LPG.
Safety features that can be added to a leak detection sensor, alarm system during leak
detection, and more safety features such as automatic message production during gas petrol
leak detection to a registered mobile phone number. Currently, almost all gas stoves operate
by hand. The most advanced gas stove currently has self-adhesive features while changing
the handle to 'O' over the past decade, great strides have been made in developing new
communication and sensory enhancement systems for automated devices. The main purpose
of automation is to reduce human interference in the work and thus provide additional
security.
A gas stove burns combustible gas such as syngas, natural gas, propane, butane, petroleum
gas, or other combustible gas. The first gas stoves were built in the 1820s, and a gas stove
was set up in England in 1836. This new cooking technology had the advantage of being
flexible and can be closed when not in use. The gas stove, however, was not commercially
successful until the 1880s, when gasoline was available in British cities and towns. Stoves
became widespread in Europe and the United States in the early 20th century.
Electric stoves became more common when the oven was attached to the base and the size
was reduced to better fit all kitchen furniture. In the 1910s, manufacturers began filing their
gas-fired boilers for easy cleaning. The initial gas strike was a match and this was followed
by a very simple driver light. This made it worse for them to continue using gas. The oven
still needs to be lit with a match and accidentally turning on the gas without burning it could
lead to an explosion. To prevent these types of hazards, oven manufacturers built and
installed a safety valve called a flame failure device (cooktops) and ovens. Many modern gas
stoves are equipped with electric heaters, automatic oven timers, and exhaust fumes..
These days, people have a busy time so they don’t have time to sit next to the stove while
cooking food and sometimes unknowingly forget to turn off their gas canister in the kitchen.
The main purpose of this program is to reduce the cooking time and add a protective element
by detecting LPG gas leaks. It also contains a program that will detect the fullness of the milk
1
and change the stove automatically. This project contains a timer module used to set the
cooking time for food. It uses the MQ-6 sensor to detect LPG leaks and then turns on the user
notification buzzer and turns off the stovetop to avoid leakage. In boiling the milk it uses a
level indicator that detects the liquid level when it starts to boil and turns the button
automatically.
LPG leakage has increased from 0.72% of all kitchen accidents to 10.74% of all kitchen
hazards A small LPG cylinder weighing 5kg where the finder is faster than the cylinder
without using a rubber tube appears to be safer than one using a rubber pipe as this
underground road is prone to cracks which could be leakage. An online computer system for
detecting leaks has started and acts as an automatic pipeline manager for remote locations A
simple gas leak detector is a simple tool used to detect gas leaks and when a gas leak occurs,
the same message is transmitted via the LCD screen and buzzer again with module help GSM
is able to broadcast messages to participants about LPG leaks. This device is in its early
stages of development and with future modifications, this device will also stumble into the
provision of mains to ensure better security and reliability. The gas leak detection device can
find applications not only in people's homes but also applies to hotels, restaurants, and even
factories where LPG gas is used for some other uses.
Gas leaks are a major problem and these days they are seen in many places such as
residential, industrial, and motor vehicles such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses,
cars, etc. It is noteworthy that as a result of gas leaks, there are significant risks. Liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), or propane, is a combustible component of hydrocarbon gas used as
fuel in many places such as houses, hostels, factories due to its desirable properties including
high-calorie content, low smoke, low smoke, and meager harm to the surroundings. Liquid
petroleum gas (LPG) burns easily and can burn even far away from the leak source. The
energy source contains propane and butane, these gases can easily catch fire. At home, LPG
is mainly used for cooking. When a leak occurs, leaked gases can lead to explosions. Gas
leaks lead to various hazards leading to material losses and personal injuries. Domestic fires
are a big challenge, have been a regular occurrence and the threat to people's lives and
buildings has increased in recent years. Risks of explosions, fires, congestion depend on their
body structures such as toxins, inflammation, etc. The death toll from the cylinder explosion
has been steadily rising in recent years. The Bhopal gas disaster is an example of the dangers
of gas leaks. Now the gas stoves are much safer than previous year's model. The two most
important safety precautions for gas stoves are safe baby control and accidental combustion.
Some electronic cook tops have buttons that can be opened accidentally or with a small
bump.
Typically, a stove has a thermostat, stoves that are more like a coil on top, and heaters for
cooking. A conventional electric stove has two large and two small heaters, connected to the
main part of the stove where the electricity is controlled by a dial in front of the gas stove.
The stove uses the electric flow through the heating coil to produce cooking heat which
generates the flow of electrical energy through a heat-resistant coil to generate heat energy.
Unlike gas stoves, electric stoves have significant time delays between turning on the heat
and between switching off and cooling. In its operation, when opened it remains free of
cooked food conditions in the pot. It stays in this position until it is extinguished by hand.
Under some technological advances, the stove has no contact with food and is not always
fully aware of its condition. A conventional stove usually does not have many self-control
skills. However, the most popular automotive machine found in most stoves today is found in
the oven and not on a high-temperature cooking plate. The oven has high-precision
2
temperature control and a timer. One common way in which an electrical system fails is when
its heating coil loses continuity after a break. This is mainly due to the continuous operation
of the stove at very high temperatures and then coil in the rise and fall due to the increase and
decrease in temperature. There are three ways in which food can be cooked. Methods include
frying, roasting, and baking. However, good performance, therefore, depends only on how
knowledgeable you are Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
1.1.1 Features of a gas stove
Burner heat
One of the most important features of a gas stove is the heat emitted by the heaters.
Typically, the temperature is determined in relation to BTUs (British Thermal Units) and
must be the heat produced in one hour. Typically, a gas stove will have heaters with varying
degrees of heat dissipation. For example, a gas cook top can have a high burner, usually up to
10,000 to 20,000 BTU, as well as a combination of medium exhaust pipes, 5,000 to 10,000
BTU, and low exhaust burners, 3,000 BTU or less. High-temperature heaters are ready to boil
a large pot of water quickly, calming and cutting, while low-temperature heaters are ready to
boil. Some high-quality recipes offer a wide range of temperatures and heavy temperatures
that can rise to 20 000 BTU or more. Depending on the type of cooking you do, high-
temperature heaters can help or completely waste money.
Design and layout

Over the past few years, equipment manufacturers have undergone new changes in the design
and construction of gas stoves. Most modern cooktops come with a lattice structure that
usually covers the entire top layer, allowing the slide of cookware from one heat to another
without lifting containers over cooking spaces. Some modern gas stoves also have a central
heating system or a fifth griddle integrated between external burn
Size
The size of a gas stove in the kitchen is usually between 30 ”to 42” (industrial models).
Almost all manufacturers have been developing several options range in the size range. The
combination of width and oven is also available which usually comes in two styles: indoor
and independent.
Programmable controls
Most stoves have integrated ovens. Modern ovens often install a convection fan inside the
oven to provide air circulation and allow food to cook evenly. Some in modern ovens come
with temperature sensors that allow for close baking control, automatically shut off after
3
reaching a certain temperature or adhere to a certain temperature during the cooking time.
The oven can also have two separate ovens that allow you to cook two different dishes at the
same time.
Safety factors
Modern gas stove ranges are much safer than older models. The two most important safety
precautions for gas stoves are safe baby control and accidental combustion. Some electronic
cooktops have buttons that can be opened accidentally or with a small bump.
LPG is a compound of propane hydrocarbons that is used as fuel for heating and automotive
applications. Timeframe LPG stems from the fact that these gases can be dissolved at room
temperature by the use of moderate pressure increases, or by normal pressure by applying a
refrigerator cooling. The two sources for LPG occurence. It occurs naturally in the oil and gas
sectors and is separated from other components during the extraction process in the oil or gas
sector.LPG is also one of the products from the oil refining process.
LPG is used as petrol for domestic, industrial, agricultural, cooking, heating, and drying
processes. LPG can be used as automotive fuel or as a propellant for
aerosols, in addition to other professional applications. LPG can also be used to provide
lighting Using pressure lights. The benefits of LPG gas are as follows:
Both Propane and Butane are easily dissolved and stored in pressure containers. These areas
make the fuel more convenient, therefore, it can be easily transported through cylinders
ortanks to end users.
• The LPG is a good fuel cell engine for spark plugs. Its burn is clean
the structures, in a well-tuned engine, offer reduced emissions, and extended life of
lubricantand spark.
• As a substitute for aerosol shelters and refrigerators, LPG supplies other tofluorocarbons
known to cause depletion of the earth's ozone layer.
• Clean new buildings and LPG portals offer alternatives to

traditional fuels such as wood, coal, and other living things. This provides a solution for
deforestation and degradation of particles in the atmosphere (haze), caused by the burning of
native oil.
1.1.2 GAS STOVE
Portable Stove: A portable stove is a cooking stove that is specially designed to be portable
and lightweight, such as for camping, cooking, backpacking, or other use in remote areas
where easy cooking or heating methods are needed.
TYPE OF Stove
A kitchen stove often called a stove, fireplace, or cooker, or oven is a kitchen item designed
for the purpose of cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on 6 direct heat applications for the
cooking process and can also include an oven, which is used for baking. Modern kitchen
stoves have high temperatures. The cooktop can look up the stove or built-in burners. Most
cooktops are made of ceramic glass. The pull distance has both burners on the top and the
oven and hangs from the cut of the table (i.e., it cannot be installed independently). Many
modern stoves come in with hoods built-in.
4
coal stoves
The stove continued to change and charcoal began to take the place of wood as the fiery
furnace. These stoves had flat tops and the heat was concentrated on the other side of the
stoves so that the cooks could cook things at different temperatures depending on the pot or
pan.
Electric Stoves: With the advent of electricity and the economy, electric stoves became a
popular alternative to gasoline. The first electric stoves use heaters made of high-strength
steel to withstand heat. The cooking area (range) had one or more circular heating elements,
fitted with compressed magnesia and cheap on a winding steel tube. The heating elements in
the oven are constructed in the same way but are an open circle for heat distribution. Items
are made as parts replaced by the consumer plug-in and can be easily removed for cleaning.
The temperature of the cooking utensils was controlled by adjusting the control switch to the
bimetal thermostat, which turned off and off the power to control the medium temperature
effect of the items.
1.2 Background
The number of people over the age of 65 on average under the age of 65 is growing
worldwide. The world's population is aging and this will lead to multi-sectoral challenges in
our society, one of which is health care. The impact of aging is a challenge for almost all EU
member states, the cost of long-term care and health care is increasing with people living
longer. Many projects are finding better ways to care for the elderly, using less costly and
flexible Internet of Things (IoT) to enable longer independent living. The criteria of IoT
health care dependent on the devices connected to the network that must be able to
communicate with each other and can send information over the Internet, the destination can
be a server in the cloud. Information can be accessed by anyone who needs that information.
When it comes to IoT and embedded systems, there are usually two types of requirements to
be met. First, there are operating requirements that describe what the system is intended to do
(for example, a remote car key should open car doors when you press the unlock button).
Invalid requirements define attributes, if we return to the example of the car key, we can
define a delay allowed in the system from when the user presses the unlock button until the
car doors open. There are many requirements that do not apply when it comes to IoT health
care, the most common of which are safety, reliability, durability, availability, security, and
maintenance. It is important to meet the current operating requirements as it is important to
meet the operational requirements of the system. If ineffective requirements are not met the
system does not meet the standards as required. Many health organizations look to IoT health
care to be able to meet a variety of markets such as independent autonomous services,
personal emergency response systems, and robust devices employed by some of the
examples. One example of an IoT health care system is the elderly care system. The viewing
system uses Raspberry Pi, motion sensors, and heat-moisture sensors. This system is used in
the home of an elderly person to monitor that person and to warn family members in the
event that the person is in an unhealthy condition. The purpose of this monitoring program is
that family members may be concerned that their parents are living alone in their homes and
that no one will be there to check on them during the day. Our program will help older people
in their daily lives by monitoring the stove while cooking. To create a system that monitors
cooking and sends an alarm if the stove is left unattended, we need to use a variety of existing
technologies. We need to find out which wireless network technology we want to use, then
we have to compare what is available today to see which is the best fit for our system and
5
which system is best for using that type of wireless network technology. After that, we need
something that can send and receive data. Details need to be considered, and the system
needs to be able to determine if anything needs to be done and done properly. Data needs to
be collected in some way, and in this case we need different types of sensors that can measure
and collect the data needed in our system. In this section, we will look at these technologies
and see what they are.
1.3 Equipment selection

With the requirements complete, the different parts of hardware can be selected. There are a
lot of options and the design will be affected by the positive and negative attributes of the
parts that are used.
1.3.1 About 35238 MP timer module
The microprocessor is removed, configured, resulting in a time module. Opto-isolated

Trigger input starts time. The transfer time module has many modes, but the transmission can
only work in one of the timely modes. confirms the temporary selection by pressing the SET
button.
There are 7 total modes in the 35238 MP module where the P3.1 mode is used for this
project.
P1.3 - In this mode the transmission is automatically opened, when the signal is used in
Trigger Input, the transfer is closed and the calculation specified in the OP parameter first,
after counting down, the transfer is turned off As in P1 .1, but if another Trigger is found
before expiration; the transfer will be opened immediately
1.3.2 About MQ-6 gas sensor
The MQ6 is a simple sensor that is used to detect gas leakage and the best gas detection
equipment in consumer and industrial applications, this sensor is ready for LPG, iso-butane,
propane, LNG. Avoid alcohol, cooking, and cigarette smoke.
Gas sensors are devices used to detect and identify different types of grinding. They are used
to detect toxic or explosive breaths and to measure gas congestion.
Working Principle: The MQ6 sensor is the main sensor used for a gas appliance. The sensor
contains a sensor that emits contact gas.
1.3.3 About Overflow alarm
An overflowing alarm circuit is an easy way to find and display the liquid level in a container
and other containers. When the milk level in the vessel rises then it detects the milk level and
automatically of the stove knob and produces beep sound to alert the user. Solving this type
of problem by using a 555 timer alarm circuit is helpful and shows the milk level in the
container.
6
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
We have to wait near the stove for a long time while we cook food, gas leaks lead to various
dangers leading to material loss and human injury, milk filling is a big problem for the
housewife. In many industries, one of the most important components of any safety plan to
reduce the risks to overhead workers and plants is the use of early warning systems such as
gas appliances. These can provide additional support for remedial or security measures. They
can also be used as part of a total, integrated value for industrial plant safety and security. The
rapid expansion of the oil and gas sector leads to cases of gas leaks which are very serious
and dangerous. Solutions need to be found at least to minimize the effects of these events as
gas leaks also lead to significant financial losses. The challenges are not only signing the type
of device you can see but also the automatic response where a leak occurs.
FIG: Accident due to gas leakage (ref: https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1191570.shtml)

Figure 1 above is an example of an LPG explosion. Such an accident can happen there not
well supervised. In four seasons such as Russia, LPG is used as one of the sources of heat for
heating winter homes. No one was in the house at the time of the explosion. “The blast lifted
the roof and shattered the walls of the house, sending flying debris into neighboring yards.
The two-story house, owned by Steve Cook, was made uninhabitable and three of them were
left homeless for a while. “LPG is also one of the hardest gases to find on the human limit of
the senses. "Cook said it was caused by an explosion of natural gas, but he could not find the
explosives because the occupational hazard affected his sense of smell. He allegedly left the
house to fetch his daughter from school when the house exploded ”.
1.5OBJECTIVE
• Our goal is to create a stove that will have a timer module that will automatically
turn off the stove after a given time to the user.
• The gas detector can be used to notify the user of gas leaks.
• Build a circuit to avoid milk overload.
1.6SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of study for this project are:
7
• Learning about infrared (IR) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Learners need to
learn about infrared emissions. Since LPG is one of the gases that reduces IR
radiation at a certain natural level, the goal of discovery can be made by comparing
the energy difference before and after LPG absorption.
• Understanding the effective principle of the alarm system and circuit design: The
alarm circuit should be built to automatically respond when a leak occurs.
• Creating an efficient type of gas leak detection with automatic alarms: An active
type consisting of an infrared emitter and sensor, circuit alarm, and the emergency
shut-off valve is expected to work best at the end.
• To use the timer, we need to get information about how to use the timer module.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW BASED ON VARIOUS RESEARCH

PAPER
N.E. Mastorakis, proposed project - Design and Implementation of an Economic Gas
Leakage Detector‖. This paper provides a sound and visual solution for the detection of LPG
8
leaks in homes and commercial buildings and to sound loudly to users of those areas in case
of danger and to provide warning signals in the event of an emergency.
low-risk situations. The reversal of these methods is that they are highly dependent on the
pressure of pressures or temperature measurements. T.H. Mujawar, V.D.Bachuwar,
M.S.Kasbe, A.D.ShaligramandL.P.Deshmukh produced – Development to
wireless sensorne work system for LPG gas leakage detection system, ‖
[1] in 2015. The built-in system monitors gas leaks using the Arduino microcontroller
depending on the GSM network. Leaks are detected with the help of MQ-2 gassensor.
Most importantly, the mobile phone does not require any special software or hardware to be
used in this application, and any mobile phone that supports SMS service can be used in the
system. In 2016, Marthy Siva Sai Krishna, Manda Suhas Priyatham, G Venkata Pavan Rama
Sai Bharadwajproposed – Gasl evel alert and automatic cut-offin a stove, ‖ [2] where the
Arduino UNO module controls all objects attached to the gas-connected network. count them
and close the sale. Later, Anandha krishnan S, Deepesh Nair, Rakesh K, SampathK,
GayathriSNair, Proposed – IOT based smart gas monitoring system, ‖ [3] which provides
home security by detecting LPG leaks and informing the consumer about notification leaks
using the android app via the Internet of Things (IoT) and the consumer can close the gas
valve, from anywhere in the world. In 2016, R. Naresh Naik, P. Siva Nagendra Reddy, S.
Nanda Kishore, K.Tharun Kumar Reddy, proposed monitoring Arduino based LPG gas
monitoring & automatic cylinder booking with an in-depth study and analysis of literature in-
line with the structure, operation and maintenance of the electric heating coil stove is done.
Performance information was required on a daily basis by electric stove users in homes and
restaurants to obtain full details in accordance with the usual methods of burning food and
how often the stove is left unused. Data collected were analyzed using a variety of methods.
Excel charts such as line graphs, bar graphs and histograms used to analyze sequence and
data patterns make clear inter-information guidelines to include the cooking time of the listed
foods among other analyzed data. Here the temperature and time of the temperature plate
were analyzed to determine the regions with the highest change. The Arduino Uno microchip
was used in conjunction with sensors to print heat and time data on the screen for analysis.
In this catalog, Arduino code for implementing design and control systems design was
created. The code was based on the C ++ computer language where the command and
command were created. Autodesk Inventor 2018 is used for the analysis of structural
pressures and the appropriate size of the stove frame and machinery design. Potential
solutions are developed based on the results obtained from the data analysis. The Binary
Dominance Matrix method has been used to identify the best option. Factors considered
efficiency, quality, efficiency, maintenance, and cost. Solutions are given percentage points
under each category and the value is limited. In the end, the solution with the biggest points
was chosen as the final design.
Yosif I. Al Mashhadany designed and operated Electronic Control Trainer with PIC
Microcontroller. This paper was published on April 26, 2012, and received on May 30; This
2012 model can be used in the laboratory for testing purposes. Ozgur Serdar Altunogu built a
timer designed using a Microcontroller. Published in 2004. The system was built using 8051
9
microcontrollers. The program was simple and easy to use. 2) Santosh Laxman Kulangi, Dr.
P. Malathi has created a Smart Programmable Timer. In this paper, they use a timer in a
customized usage mode. This program gave them the freedom to build their own mode if
needed. This will apply to small industries.
Extensive research and literature analysis are done on the design, operation, and maintenance
of the electric coil heating stove. Performance information was required on a daily basis by
electric stove users in homes and restaurants to obtain full details in accordance with the
usual methods of burning food and how often the stove is left unused. Data collected were
analyzed using a variety of methods. Excel charts such as line graphs, bar graphs and
histograms used to analyze sequence and data patterns make clear inter-information
guidelines to include the cooking time of the listed foods among other analyzed data. Here
the temperature and time of the temperature plate were analyzed to determine the regions
with the highest change. The Arduino Uno microchip was used in conjunction with sensors to
print heat and time data on the screen for analysis. In this catalog, Arduino code for
implementing design and control systems design was created. The code was based on the C
++ computer language where the command and command were created. Autodesk Inventor
2018 is used for the analysis of structural pressures and appropriate dimensions of the design
of the stove frame and machinery. Potential solutions are developed based on the results
obtained from the data analysis. The Binary Dominance Matrix method has been used to
identify the best option. Factors considered efficiency, quality, efficiency, maintenance, and
cost. Solutions are given percentage points under each category and the value is limited. In
the end, the solution with the biggest points was chosen as the final design
measure. In the end, the solution with the biggest points was chosen as the final design.
Meenakshi Vidyaet. al. proposed a leak detection and gas monitoring system in real-time. In
this system, gas leaks are detected and controlled by an exhaust fan. The LPG level in the
cylinder is also checked regularly.
In this project, the SMS send to the user's mobile for gas leakage alert, and the power supply
is turned off. Umabhebhana. al. propose a system where gas leakage is detected and produces
results in audio and visual forms. Provides a design approach to software and a computer.
Hemant. al. proposed smart sensor technology.
B. D. Jolheet. al. have proposed a system in which two sensors are used to detect gas leaks
and to monitor the level of gas waiting in turn. Ashish Shrivastava has proposed a system
where two types of gases are available namely LPG and CNG for home and car safety.
R. Padmapriya has proposed a system that is being processed by ARM7 and that imitates the
use of Keil software to notify the user by sending a SMS.V.Ramya has proposed a system
that uses two different sensors to detect leak detection and requires manual reset after all
cases.
A. Mahalingam suggested that the system meet the health and safety standards in the UK
work and notify the user via SMS.M.B. Frishproposed is a system that uses tracking
technology and detects leaks.
Data collected were analyzed using a variety of methods. Here the temperature and time of
the temperature plate were analyzed to determine the regions with the highest change. The
10
Arduino Uno microchip was used in conjunction with sensors to print heat and time data on
the screen for analysis.
Extensive research and analysis of online publications and the design, operation, and
maintenance of electricity
A coil heating stove is made. Performance information was required on a daily basis for
home electric stove users
and restaurants to get full details in accordance with common methods where food is burnt
and how often
the stove is left unused. Data collected were analyzed using a variety of methods. Excel
charts are like a line graph, bar graphs and histograms used to analyze sequences, and data
patterns make clear measurement
Guidelines for information on including the cooking time of the listed foods among other
analyzes. Here
the temperature plate of the temperature plate was analyzed to look at the regions with the
highest change. Arduino
The Uno microchip was used in conjunction with the sensors to print heat and time data on
the screen for analysis.
created. The code says
based on the C ++ computer language in which the command and command are executed
Inventor 2018 was used for structural pressure analysis and the appropriate size of stove
design
and mechanical properties. Potential solutions are developed based on the results obtained
from the data
analysis. The Binary Dominance Matrix method has been used to identify the best option.
Thoughtful factors were present
efficiency, quality, efficiency, maintenance, and cost. Solutions were given a percentage
point below each
category and the total value is limited. In the end, the solution with the biggest points was
chosen as the final design
Extensive research and literature analysis are done on the design, operation, and maintenance
of the electric coil heating stove. Operational data were daily required by electric stove users
in homes and restaurants to obtain full details in accordance with the usual methods of
burning food and how often the stove is left unused. Data collected were analyzed using a
11
variety of methods. Excel charts such as line graphs, bar graphs, and histograms used for
sequencing analysis and data patterns
Guidelines for information on including the cooking time of the listed foods among other
analyzes. Here the temperature and time of the temperature plate were analyzed to determine
the regions with the highest change. The Arduino Uno microchip was used in conjunction
with sensors to print heat and time data on the screen for analysis.
created. The code was based on the C ++ computer language where the command and
command were created. Autodesk Inventor 2018 is used for the analysis of structural
pressures and appropriate dimensions of the design of the stove frame and machinery.
Potential solutions are developed based on the results obtained from the data analysis. The
Binary Dominance Matrix method has been used to identify the best option. Factors
considered efficiency, quality, efficiency, maintenance, and cost. Solutions are given
percentage points under each category and the value is limited. In the end, the solution with
the biggest points was chosen as the final design. Provides a design approach to software and
a computer. LK. Hemaet.al. proposed smart sensor technology. In this system, a flexible
intelligent gas discovery system is developed. In this case, the leak is detected and controlled
through a fan. Naresh Naik, P. Siva Nagendra Reddy, S. Nanda Kishore,
K.TharunKumarReddy, proposed monitoring Arduinobased LPG gas monitoring & automatic
cylinder booking with an in-depth study and analysis of literature in line with the structure,
operation, and maintenance of the electric heating coil stove was made. Performance
information was required on a daily basis by electric stove users in homes and restaurants to
obtain full details in accordance with the usual methods of burning food and how often the
stove is left unused. Data collected were analyzed using a variety of methods.
Ashish Shrivastava has proposed a system in which two types of gases are available namely
LPG and CNG for home and automotive safety.R. Padma Priya has proposed a program that
processes ARM7 and mimics the use of Kiel software to inform the user by sending an SMS.
Virama has proposed a system that uses two different sensors to detect leaks and requires a
manual reset after all conditions.
The first gas stove was built on March 8, 1802, by Zachäus Winzler (de), but this and other
efforts remained an independent experiment. [3] James Sharp patented a gas stove in
Northampton, England in 1826 and opened a gas stove industry in 1836. His founding has
been marketed by Smith & Philips since 1828. A key figure in the initial adoption of this new
technology, was Alexis Soyer, a well-known chef at the Reform Club in London. Beginning
in 1841, he converted his kitchen to a piped gas station, claiming that gas was generally
cheaper because supply could be shut off when the stove was not working. [4]
The gas stove was on display at the World's Fair in London in 1851, but it was not until the
1880's that technology became commercially successful in England. By that time a large and
reliable pipeline network was widespread in much of the country, making gas cheaper and
more efficient for domestic use. Electric stoves became widespread only in continental
Europe and the United States in the early 20th century.
The original electric stoves were unstoppable, but soon the oven was combined with the base
and size reduced to fit better with all the kitchen furniture. In the 1910s, manufacturers began
assembling their gas stoves for easy cleaning
12
Literature reviews on IoT related to food safety were conducted to answer the following
research question. What are the current (used or suggested) IoT solutions in the food sector
related to food safety? To answer this question, the following scientific data and search
engines were analyzed: IEEE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search terms
used consisting of two groups, group 1 with only the name "Internet of Things" and group 2
with topics related to food safety. No time limits were applied. The search terms used in
Group 2 are food safety; food delivery; precision farming; food monitoring; food preparation;
food handling; food processing; food storage; the origin of the food; food label; food
tracking; food additives; pesticide; pesticide residues; safe water; clean water; food pollution;
physical pollution; physical injury; chemical pollution; chemical hazard; biological pollution;
biological hazards; animal husbandry; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; milk; milk; grain; the
egg.
The aim was to use both search terms in the title, which are incomprehensible, and keywords
for each database, but this did not happen in all the details. In IEEE Xplore keyword search
was not possible and therefore, metadata was selected, searching for ambiguous text and title.
The entire search string can only be used in Scopus. In Science Direct the search query for
group 2 was to be divided into 4 groups, as eight Boolean operators could be used
simultaneously. In IEEE each term group 2 had to be searched separately for the word
"Internet of Things", otherwise the result would have been the result of many non-essential
papers. In Google Scholar, the Group 2 search query also had to be divided into groups,
because when the search string contained more than 12 search terms no results were found.
Search queries for each data are available in addition to including descriptions. In total, 927
articles with search queries were found in four search engines and search engines. These
records were transferred to EndNote and duplicates were released, after which 533 articles
remained.
From the last two decades, food preparation has been widely studied and identified as an
important ability to live independently in many fields. In addition to providing nutritious
food, cooking has added value including social opportunities (i.e. cooking with friends),
entertainment. Compared to eating out, ordering in, or hiring someone else to cook, home-
cooked meals may be more economical for people with disabilities. The cost of pre-prepared
meals can also be a concern for some people living on a fixed or subsistence income. For
example, although it may require a few steps to prepare, the cost of changing macaroni and
cheese per hour (compared to box preparation) can be a significant factor when choosing
food to buy, prepare, and teach. A lot of research has been done with the aim of evaluating
the performance of teachers' submissions and procedures for teaching cooking skills to
people with disabilities. These studies found that each process is effective in acquiring food
preparation skills when teachers use a set of set processes for motivation and teaching. The
main concern is the transfer of renewal control from the adult instruction manual to the
natural sets of instructions that can be used independently in the long run and for a variety of
motives while cooking. The declining need for continuous monitoring and mobilization
continues to be a major focus of education in the design of educational programs for people
with disabilities. People without disabilities use permanent instructions such as written notes
and text-based messages to guide their behavior. Textbooks and recipe cards, for example,
provide endless information on adults about food preparation. This stimulus prevents the
need to memorize the sequence of steps and allows for easy to complex food preparation.
13
Survey about Internet of Things in fire detection
The authors of this study did research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and how it can help
warn about fires. If a person is warned in advance of a fire in the home, it is less likely that
the fire hazard could harm the person or damage the building. This paper looks at research
styles when it comes to IoT and fire detection. Research has shown that fire IoT is a tool that
communicates with nerves and broadcasters to detect the presence of a fire. The system has
the power of a network that will be able to warn people of danger. Sensors and actuators
continue to shrink in size and become more powerful as technology progresses. What we see
here is that you get the fire first better, but much better than that prevents the fire from
starting again. That's why we want to create a system that will remind an adult of the food
they are currently cooking. The main difference between the fire detection system and our
system is that we want to monitor the fire prevention work from the beginning. A fire alarm
only alerts people to an already dangerous situation.
information is a permanent resource in most kitchens and it is recognized that it would not
work to remove these examples of food cooking materials. When a person has a mental
disability, it is less likely that instructions will be available permanently for them so that
different and varied recipes are available regardless of their length and complexity.
Encouraging research on culinary education for people with disabilities has shifted away
from the instructor to rehabilitation facilities and equipment that could be used to teach or
accelerate job completion. These traditional building materials were in image-based
programs, but the use of ear-splitting became the focus of research in the 1990s with the
emergence of video-based processes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate published
technology, which has the potential to test technology to help people with disabilities
complete culinary tasks. The focus of this is reviewed by technical applications to teach food
preparation skills to people with moderate to severe disabilities, including those with an
autism spectrum disorder. Updates include courses that use both tech light (picture
commands and audio recording devices), mid-tech (VCR, DVD player), and high-tech
devices (Palmtop PC, computer-based systems). Revised courses include those who use
technology to teach new cooking skills or those who use technology as an independent self-
promotion tool (used only by a person) to complete the cooking skill.
14
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY USED
3.1 MATERIALS
The main components of the LPG smart stove are as follows:
3.1.1 D.C MOTOR WITH GEAR BOX
Description of DC motor
Table 1. Description of motor
S.N Property Rating

1. Power source requirement 5V DC – 0.5 Amps
2. Rated torque 90 kg-cm
3. Speed 20 RPM
Fig: Geared motor
( Ref: https://product/small-toy-geared-dc-motor-6-vdc-11000-20-rpm/ )
15
3.1. MP TIMER MODULE
Timer circuits are used to generate time-delay loads to start a load. This time delay is set by
the user. Below are a few examples of timer circuits used in various applications.
The trigger is a low active start, which means that the timer starts when the voltage at pin 2
drops to less than one-third of the transmission power. When the 555 is created with pin 2,
the output is pin 3 and up. ... In most 555 circuits, this pin is simply connected to the ground,
usually using a small calculator of 0.01 μF.
A timer is a special type of watch that is used to measure time. Time calculators can be
divided into two main categories. A timer calculating from the top from the zero to measure
the past tense is usually called a stopwatch, while a device that calculates from a specified
time interval is usually called a timer.
The practical principle of the digital timer is that it uses a power source and various electronic
components for hours such as hours, minutes and seconds. The power source for this time
calculator can be a battery other than a power cord or gearing controlled counter.
Time is the time that controls the sequence of events while calculating the fixed times. Time
is used to generate accurate time delays. Second, it can be used to repeat or start action
after/at a known time. This feature is widely used in many applications
The concept of a timely performance is presented in a previous article. They are kernel
objects that provide tasks in simple ways for time events or, more generally, do the job on a
regular basis. All-time management details - accuracy, management interference, etc..
Multi-Function Timer
Microprocessor based, programmable, triggered timing module. Opto-isolated trigger input

starts timing. Programming requires patience and practice. Programmable as a Delay on Start,
16
Delay on Stop or Recycling.
Fig: 35238 MP timer module
(Reference: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/569446/how-to-develop-a-
compact-multi-function-timer-like-35238-mp )
It has 3-time ranges:
• 0-999 Minutes 1 Minute Resolution.

• 0-999 Seconds 1 Second Resolution.
• 0-99.9 Seconds .1Second Resolution.
Operating voltage: 6-30 volts DC.
BASICS
The relay time module has several modes, but the relay can only work in one of the modes at
a time.
17
Image of our circuit
DISPLAY TERMS
OP - the time the relay is ON
CL - time of the relay OFF
LOP - the number of ON/OFF repetitions (Loops) 1 to Continuous (1-999 where --- is
Continuous)
CP - Sleep Mode (Timer Operates but Display Off
Od - Display Always On
LIST OF MODES AND THEIR PURPOSE:
P1.1 - In this mode, the transfer is turned on (off) automatically by default (When in Power).
When the Trigger (3V to 24V) is used for input, the relay automatically opens and the time
set for the OP parameter begins to decrease, after counting down, the transmission is turned
off.
P1.2 - In this mode, the transmission also opens automatically, when the signal is used in
Trigger Input, the transmission is closed and the calculation specified in the OP parameter
first, after counting down, the transfer is turned off AS in P1.1 mode, but if another Trigger is
received before expiration; the timer will start at the bottom counting down.
18
P1.3 - In this mode the transfer is automatically opened, when the signal is used in Trigger
Input, the transfer is closed and the calculation specified in the OP parameter first, after
counting down, the transfer is turned off As in P1 .1, but if another Trigger is found before
expiration; the transfer will be opened immediately.
P2 - In this mode, the transfer is on (Off). When using the Input Trigger signal, the transfer
calculates the time specified in OFF-state CL, after which the transfer is closed (turned on)
and then calculated down to the time set for the closed OP state. After that, the transfer opens
and waits for the next trigger signal. The dump is not available in this mode. Cycles once and
then stop
P3.1 - In this mode, the transfer is open (Off). When the Trigger signal is used in Input.
Transfers close immediately (ON) and calculate the time limit closed (ON) OP. In this mode,
you can specify the number of LOP (Loops) duplicates. If after triggering the transfer, but
before all the specified LOP loops are completed, another Trigger signal is received; the
transfer will reset and stop all time cycles.
P3.2 - In this mode the transmission closes (ON) as soon as the power is turned on,
calculating the specified time of the OP closed mode when the relay opens and the open
mode (OFF) CL starts. This cycle is repeated for the number of times defined by the LOP, if
specified continuous (---), then the transfer will repeat these actions permanently.
P4 - In this mode, the transmission is turned on (Off) automatically, when using the Trigger
signal in Input, the relay closes immediately (ON). Transfers will remain closed (ON) as long
as the Trigger signal is used. After removal of the Trigger signal, the calculation begins at the
fixed position (ON) OP, as soon as the countdown ends the transfer is opened (CLOSED).
Immediately after the connected power is transferred, the current operating mode is displayed
19
3.1.3 MQ-6 GAS SENSOR
The LPG Leak Detector is a wall-mounted tool near the floor and alarm set at 20% of the
Lower Explosive Limit. Whenever it leaks, the built-in sensor detects and notifies the user in
less than 5 minutes, before it causes accidents.
Using your nose is the first step to detecting LPG leaks. The first tip would be the smell of
rotten cabbage or rotten eggs. Scent - Ethyl Mercaptan - was added to the natural scent-free
LPG to detect leaks.
Ultrasonic. Leaking Ultrasonic gas leaks are not privately owned gas leaks. They experience
an acoustic discharge created when compressed gas expands in a low-pressure area with a
small orifice (leak). They use acoustic sensors to detect changes in the background sound of
their surroundings.
The MQ6 gas sensor has a high sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG, and natural gas
response. The sensor can be used to detect various temperature sensors, especially Methane;
has low cost and is suitable for various applications. MQ-6 can get a gas concentration
anywhere from 200 to 10,000 ppm.
In this article, we will discuss four main types of gas sensors: electrochemical sensors,
catalytic sensors, infrared sensors, and photoionization sensors. In fact, these different types
of gas appliances fall into two categories: portable and repaired.
A range of sensitivity of 300 ppm to 10,000 ppm is suitable for leak detection. For example, a
sensor can detect when someone has left a gas stove but is not turned on. The sensor can
operate at temperatures from -10 to 50 ° C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V.
According to scientists at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
precise gas exposure study instruments should measure within ± 25% of the actual analyst's
target screening with 95% certainty.
A gas sensor is a sensor that is able to measure the target gas molecules in a given area. The
gas sensor becomes active when electrical molecules interact with strong sensor receptors and
cause potential differences that are converted into electrical signals.
The LPG gas sensor module is used to detect LPG Gas. ... When the Arduino receives a high
beat from the LPG Gas sensor module it displays the "LPG Gas Leakage Alert" message on
the 16x2 LCD and activates the buzzer ringing again until the gas detector module does not
detect gas in the environment
A gas detector is a device that detects gases somewhere, usually as part of a safety system.
The gas MQ-6 sensor can detect or measure gases such as LPG and butane. The MQ-6
module has a Digital Pin sensor that makes this sensor operate with or without a
microcontroller and works well if you are trying to get only one gas. When it comes to
20
measuring gas per ppm the pin should be used, the analog pin is also operated by TTL and
operates at 5V so it can be used with the most common microcontrollers.
So if you are looking for an electric sensor for measuring or measuring LPG, or methane with
or without a microcontroller then this sensor may be the right choice for you.
Fig: MQ-6 sensor module
( Reference:https://components101.com/sensors/mq-6-gas-sensor-pinout-equivalent-
datasheet )
Pin Configuration:
1. VCC- This pin empowers the module, the frequency of power consumption is + 5V.
2. Ground-Used to connect the module to the system ground.
3. Digital Out-You can also use this sensor to detect digital output from this pin, by setting
the limit value using a potentiometer.
4. Analog Out-The A pins and B pins are interchangeable. One pin will act as an output
while the other will be pulled down.
21
Fig: Pin configuration of MQ-6 Sensor
(Reference: https://components101.com/sensors/mq-6-gas-sensor-pinout-equivalent-
datasheet )
Features of MQ6 Gas sensor

• Voltage operating at + 5V
• Can be used to get LPG or Butane gas
• Power analog voltage: 0V to 5V
• Output Voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)
• Preheat length 20 seconds
• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor
22
• The sensitivity of a digital pin can vary using a potentiometer
Our circuit image
A basic wiring for the sensor from datasheet is shown below.
23
The process for measuring PPM using the MQ sensor is the same but a few fixed values will
vary depending on the type of MQ sensor used. Basically, we need to look at the graph (Rs /
Ro) VS PPM provided in the MQ-6 database, and shown below.
The value of Ro is the value of resistance in fresh air and the value of Rs is the value of
resistance in Gas concentration. First you should calibrate the sensor by finding the values of
Ro in fresh air and then use that value to find Rs using the formulae:
Once we calculate Rs and Ro we can find the ratio and then using the graph shown above we
can calculate the equivalent value of PPM for that particular gas.
24
Applications
• Detect or measure Gases like LPG, and butane

• Air quality monitor
• Gas leak alarm
• Safety standard maintenance
• Maintaining environment standards in hospitals
25
3.1.4 BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signing tool, which can be Mechanical, electromechanical,

and piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and Beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
user input verification such as mouse click or keystroke. Similarly, the transmission can be
connected to disrupt its current Actuating performance, causing the contact's buzzer. When
current is used in the buzzer it causes the ceramic disk to work or expand. Changing this
causes the surrounding disc to vibrate. That's the sound you hear. Adjust the Potentiometer to
increase or decrease the potentiometer resistance. The resistance of the potentiometer will
decrease the volume of the buzzer. If you lower the resistance of the potentiometer then it
will increase the volume of the buzzer.
Fig: Buzzer
26
3.1.5 RELAY
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical
circuit. Refer to Figure 3, the transmission is used to start the alarm system and emergency
shut-off valve whenever a signal from the detector circuit is transmitted. The simple region of
the transferring district is shown in Figure 5.
Figure: Basic relay diagram
When electrical energy is transmitted by a coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts the arm
and subsequent movement of the contact or contact that makes or breaks the constant contact.
If the set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens
the contacts and breaks the connection, and vice-versa if the contacts were open. When the
current in the coil is turned off, the arm is returned with force, about half as strong as the
magnetic field, to its relative position.
Fig: Relay
27
3.1.6 RESISTOR
The resistor is a ductless electrical component with two terminals that use electrical
resistance as a circuit element. Resistors do reduce current flow, and, at the same time, do
reduce electricity levels within circuits. In electrical circuits, resistors are used to limit current
flow, adjust signal levels, preferred parameters, cut transmission lines among other uses.
Resistors are common components of electrical networks and electrical circuits and are
available in all technical devices. Useful resistors as separate materials can be combined with
various chemicals and forms. Resistors are also used internally integrated. The electrical
function of a resistor is determined by its resistance: conventional commercial resistors are
produced at a distance of more than nine orders of magnitude. The limited amount of
resistance will fall into production tolerance.
Resistance is a measure of the resistance to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is

measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). ... Insulators: Materials that
present high resistance and limit the flow of electrons.
Types of Resistors
Adjusted Value Resistors. These are outstanding types of resistor suspensions, and as the
name suggests, they have a constant resistance value. ...
• Flexible Translators.
• Resistor Networks.
• Carbon Film Resistors.
• Metal Film Resistors.
• Temptation Protection Instruments.
• • Connecting Instruments.Metal Strip Resistors.
Fig: Resistor
28
3.1.7 CAPACITOR
A capacitor (formerly known as a condenser) is a dual-phase vacuum generator used to store

mathematical energy mathematically in the Electric field. The types of active capacitors vary
widely, but all consist of at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric
(eg insulator). Conductors can be small films, foils or cut metal beads, or a compatible
Electrolyte, etc. The inactive dielectric makes an increase in the power of the charging
capacitor. Dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic films, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide
layer etc. Unlike a resistor, a good capacitor does not exhaust. Instead, the capacitor stores
energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates
The most common types of capacitors are:
• Ceramic capacitors have a ceramic dielectric.
• Film and paper capacitors are named after their dielectric.
• Aluminum, tantalum and niobium electrolytic capacitors are named after materials used as
anode and cathode (electrolyte) structures
Fig: Capacitor
29
3.1.8 IC-555 TIMER
Fig: IC-555 Timer
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used for a variety of time, heartbeat
production, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide accurate time delays,
such as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. In bi-solid mode, the 555 timer works as an
SR flip flop. Inputs causing reset (pins 2 and 4 respectively in 555) are kept high by pull
resistors while inserting Threshold (pin 6). To adjust this, pulling the trigger Temporary on
the ground acts as a 'set' and converts the output pin (pin 3) to VCC (high position). Dragging
input reset to the ground acts as a 'reset' and turns the output pin down (low ground). No time
capacitors are required for bi-solid configuration. Pin 7 (release) is left unconnected or can be
used as an Open Release for collectors.
30
Fig: IC555 timer pin diagram
3.1.9 TOUCH SENSOR TTP223
A sensor capable of capturing and recording the operator's actual touch can be described as a
touch sensor. In addition, it is also called a touch detector. Insensitive touch sensors, the
electrode represents one of the capacitor plates. The second plate is represented by two
elements: one is the nature of the sensor electrode that forms the parasitic C0 capacitor and
the other which acts as a human finger making the touch capacitor CT
1 Feature and specification of TTP223
• Hearing the key of one channel
• 2.0V - 5.0V Active Voltage
• Uses current 1.5uA current. The current operating limit of 3.0uA in low power mode.
• Response time - 220ms in low power mode.
Flexible sensitivity using an external capacitor (0-50 pF)
• Stable detection of human body touch
• All exit modes can be customized with high or low-performance options.
• Straight mode and pin to select conversion mode is available
31
Fig: TTP223 touch sensor
32
3.1.10 LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light at its current
flow. The electrons in the semiconductor are also connected to the electron holes, releasing
energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the photon energy) is
determined by the energy required by the electrons to cross the semiconductor belt gap.
White light is obtained through the use of multiple semiconductors or a layer of phosphor that
emits light into a semiconductor device. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor
light source that emits light when it is currently flowing through it. The electrons in the
semiconductor are also connected to the electron holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons.
In this project, we used a red LED to indicate that the electricity is on.
Key LED features
The main conductor components used to make LEDs are:
• Indium gallium nitride (InGaN): Blue, green and ultraviolet LEDs
• Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP): Highly yellow, orange, and red LEDs
• Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs): red and eye LEDs
•Gallium phosphide (GaP): yellow and green LEDs
Fig: LED
33
3.1.11 BC-547 NPN TRANSISTOR
BC547 is an NPN transistor so the collector and sender will be left open (Reverse biased)
when the base pin is kept down and will be closed (Forward bias) when the signal is given to
the base pin. BC547 has a gain of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplitude of the
transistor. The maximum current that can flow to the Collection pin is 100mA, which is why
we cannot connect loads that consume more than 100mA using this transistor. To select a
transistor, we must supply the current to the base pin, the current (IB) should be limited to
5mA.
When the transistor is fully connected then it can allow a maximum of 100mA to flow across
the collector and transmitter. This phase is called the Saturation Region and the volume
capacity allowed for Collector-Emitter (V¬CE) or Base-Emitter (VBE) is about 200 and 900
mV respectively. When the current base is removed the transistor turns off completely, this
phase is called the Cut-off Region and the Base Emitter voltage can be around 660 mV.
Fig: BC 547 TRANSISTOR
34
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
In this project we have used various circuit to perform various operations let us discuss about
each and every circuit function and circuit diagram.
3.2.1 GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR CIRCUIT
A gas detector is a detector that detects the presence of gas in a particular area, which is often
part of a safety system. Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous
gas leaks by sensors like MQ-6.
Fig: circuit diagram of gas leakage detector
Table: output of MQ-6
S. No Devices Output (V) Output (I) Power

1. MQ-6 sensor 4.1V 0.25A 1.025W
35
Working Principle:
The MQ6 sensor is the main sensor used in a gas detector. The sensor contains a sensor that
displays gases. As a result, the ionization process of gases changes resistance throughout the
region.
3.2.2 Overflow detection circuit
The fluid level alarm circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of fluid in
the containers. Nowadays, the spill of milk is a major problem in busy routine life. In order to
overcome this problem, a fluid level alarm circuit can be used in the kitchen to detect the
level of milk or other fluid when its level rises as it starts boiling. This circuit will detect the
level of fluid when the level of fluid will reach some threshold value it will automatically turn
off the stove knob. To resolve this type of problem by using this fluid level alarm circuit is
consists of an aIC-555 timer. The cost of the fluid level alarm circuit is low and its use full
for the prevention of overflow of liquid as it boils.
Principle
The operating principle of the liquid level indicator is actually simple. Fluid level indicators
work by using sensor probes to indicate fluid levels in a container. These probes send
information back to the control panel to start an alarm or indicator.
Objective
The purpose of a fluid level indicator is to detect the level of fluid in container and in case the
level of fluid reaches some threshold it will produce sound using buzzer to indicate the user
and automatically turn off the knob of stove.
COMPONENT REQUIRED
NE555 Timer
Resistors
* R1,R4-1K
* R2-22k
* R3-570 Ohm
Capacitor- 1UF
Buzzer
Connecting wires
36
Fig: level indicator circuit
Working of level indicator

The circuit uses a 555 timer in a stable mode with R1,R2=1kohms, R2= 22kohms,R3=570
ohms and C1=1 uF. The frequency of the given a stable circuit is around 62 Hz
The two probes which are shown in the circuit should be kept at the high level for the
container. The distance between the probes should be less than a few centimetres to ensure
that the conduction between the probes will take place when fluid is touched to these probes.
37
When the fluid level rises to the height of the probes, then the 555 circuit will get enabled
and the output of the 555 timer produces a square wave output with a frequency of about 62
Hz. This output is given to the buzzer.
The logic Implemented in this circuit is, 555 timer is enabled when its reset pin is
connected to logic high. But initially it is connected to ground. When the fluid level is
maximum this pin is enabled and this drives the 555 timer into a stable mode.
Table: Output of level indicator
1. Level detector 5V 1A 5W
3.2.3 Timer (35238MP) circuit diagram
38
The microprocessor is removed, configured, resulting in a time module. One trigger input
starts time. Planning requires patience and practice. Scheduled as initial delay, Delay Stop, or
Renewal.
Time is used in P3.1 mode this mode is used because whenever a trigger signal appears and
you pass the start of 5 seconds working on the car so turn off the stove.
Fig: Circuit diagram of timer
Table: Output of circuits

1. 35238 MP timer 5V 0.75A 3.75W
39
3.2.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TOUCH SENSOR
The TTP223 is a touch pad detector IC that provides a single touch key. The heart-touching
IC is designed to incorporate a traditional key into a variety of pad pads. Low power
consumption and wide power are the key features of the DC or AC application connection.
Fig: Circuit diagram of touch sensor
Table: Output of touch sensor
1. Touch sensor 3.8V 0.12A 0.456W
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT
40
Fig: Block diagram
41
3.4 COMPLETE CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Fig: Connection diagram of individual circuits
42
CHAPTER 4
LPG SMART STOVE
4.1 LPG SMART STOVE
Nowadays, people are having a hectic schedule and hence have no time to sit near stove
while cooking food and even sometimes unconsciously forgot to turn off their gas burner in
kitchen. This system’s fundamental goal is to reduce attention time for cooking and addition
feature which provide protection by detection of LPG gas leakage. It also consists of a system
which will detect overflow of milk and switch of stove automatically. This project consists of
timer module which is used to set cooking time for food. It uses MQ-6 sensor to detect LPG
leakage and turn on buzzer to alert user and turn off knob of stove to avoid leakage. For milk
boiling it uses level indicator which detect level of fluid when it starts boiling and turn of
knob automatically.
✓ This project proposes a system that convert an ordinary LPG stove into a smart LPG
stove.
✓ This proposed stove will allow user to: -
• Set the cooking time as per requirement.
• Gas leakage detection and switch off stove automatically.
• Spill of milk prevention.
The project “LPG Smart Stove” is an automation of conventional LPG stove. In this project
conventional LPG stove is converted into electronically controlled stove with safety features.
This stove has four features:
• First feature- It can detect leakage of gas and automatically switch off stove and alarm
the user.
• Second Feature- It has touch sensor and whenever someone touches that sensor it
gives trigger signal that will be used to switch off the stove.
• Third feature- Whenever milk is going to spill out of container it will automatically
switch off the stove.
• Fourth feature- One can set cooking time according to required time of food and stove
will get off automatically after that interval of time.
43
1.2 Diagram of Complete connection of devices in stove
A wiring diagram is a simple visual representation of the physical connections and
physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It shows how the electrical wires are
interconnected and can also show where fixtures and components may be connected to
the system.
This is final connection diagram of prototype. This figure shows all the component which
are used in this project.
Fig: wiring of devices in prototype
In order to understand the wiring, refer to the below figure which shows the connection of all
components in the project.
44
Fig: Wiring of devices
1.3 POSITION OF 35238MP TIMER IN PROJECT

Timer is provided at a very convenient position and hence it is very easy to operate the
device. Timer is provided in right corner of front side of device hence it is very easy to
use and there is also seven segment display in timer module which shows the time set by
the user so one can easily operate this device.
Figure shows the position of timer module in device:
45
Fig: position of timer module
4.4POSITION OF TOUCH SENSOR

In this project touch sensor is provided at left corner of the front side of stove. There is
also a LED adjacent to touch sensor which shows that power supply is on.
Diagram shown below shows the position of touch sensor in this project.
46
Fig: Position of touch sensor
4.5 HOW GEARED MOTOR IS CONNECTED TO KNOB OF STOVE

In order to connect geared motor to knob, a metal stand is used to hold the motor and motor is
controlled by the timer module. This geared motor produces high torque and low rpm which
help to control the knob of stove.
Below figure shows how geared motor is connected to the knob of stove.
47
Fig: how geared motor is connected to knob
4.6 POSITION OF ADJUSTABLE MILK OVERFLOW DETECTOR

In this project adjustable stand is provided in order to detect the level of milk and switch off
the knob when milk start boiling. Stand provided is adjustable we can easily adjust the size of
stand according to the size of container, this stand is foldable when there is no need of this,
we can fold it very easily.
Metal rods are used to construct that stand. When milk level rise then these two rods get short
circuited and it activates the level indicator circuit which further send signal to buzzer and
geared motor to off the knob.
Figure shown below shows the adjustable stand.
48
Fig: Adjustable stand
4.7 FINAL PROJECT PROTOTYPE PICTURE
49
CHAPTER 5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5.1 RESULT
The project “LPG SMART STOVE” has been fabricated and final testing has been done
using real world scenarios. It works properly and performed all operation. It automatically
switches off the gas stove whenever any of the operation is performed. When there is gas
leakage then MQ-6 sensor will detect it and give alarm and turn off the knob automatically.
When the level of milk rises then it will detect and alarm the user and also automatically
switch off the knob of stove. Timer module also perform its operation in well manner and
switch off the stove after given interval of time.
50
5.1.1 OUTPUT OF CIRCUITS
Output of each circuit is given to the trigger pin of 35238MP module which switch off the
knob automatically whenever there a trigger signal arrives.
Table: Output of circuits

1. MQ-6 sensor 4.1V 0.25A 1.025W
2. Level detector 5V 1A 5W
3. Touch sensor 3.8V 0.12A 0.456W
4. 35238 MP timer 5V 0.75A 3.75W
5.1.2 FINAL PROJECT PICTURES
51
5.2 DISCUSSION
The project “LPG Smart Stove” is an automation of conventional LPG stove. In this project
conventional LPG stove is converted into electronically controlled stove with safety features.
This stove has four features:
First feature- It can detect leakage of gas and automatically switch off stove and alarm the
user.
Second Feature- It has touch sensor and whenever someone touches that sensor it gives
trigger signal that will be used to switch off the stove.
Third feature- Whenever milk is going to spill out of container it will automatically switch
off the stove.
Fourth feature- One can set cooking time according to required time of food and stove will
get off automatically after that interval of time.
52
5.2.1 BILL OF MATERIAL
Table: Bill of material for the project including cost analysis
S. No Type of expenditure Specification Cost (Rs)
1. LPG Stove Single burner stove 400
2. Gas leakage detector MQ-6 220
3. Timer module 35238MP 550
4. Touch sensor TTP223 30
5. Geared motor 20 RPM 150
6. IC-555 1 piece 20
7. NPN transistor BC-547 5
8. Buzzer 2 pieces 60
9. Relay 6-volt relay 40
10. resistor 22k, 1k, 570 ohms, 10

220k
11. capacitor 5 microfarads 5
12. Adapter 12 volt & 5 volts 300
Total cost of project is approximately Rs- 1800.
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
6.1 CONCLUSION
When designing a combustible gas safety monitoring system for oil and gas
petrochemical or other application, a thorough analysis of application’s unique field
environment is needed to ensure optimal performance, safety, reliability and cost
effectiveness.
A quick decision, of course, can lead to poor detector choices as well as safety,
53
performance, maintenance, and life-cycle cost consequences. As student is doing
continuousresearch on infrared technologies and its application, she believes that gas
detection methodusing infrared is one of reliable method to be used as a precaution to danger
that can be causedby gas leakage. The implementation of automated safety systems such as
shutdown valve andalarm system will enhance the effectiveness of this method to users.
The integrated infrared circuit has been constructed and tested until this period of time.
Future works that has to be done in this project is to fabricate the gas chamber as well as
combining the alarm circuit into the integrated infrared circuit. The analysis to measure the
reliability of the infrared circuit also has to be improvised so that this gas detector become
immune to any eternal noise and errors.
In the end, our project was fully functioning. Although there were some difficulties along
the way, we answered all of them with the best of our abilities. There are definitely
things that can be improved upon; however, we properly answered the objectives we
set for ourselves at the beginning of this project.
The product is unique of its kind.

It is purposefully designed for middle class families and working women.
This product will give an experience of timer-based cooking in LPG gas stove to
its user.
It provides safety as Gas leakage detector alarm user and turn off knob.
This product is kitchen oriented.
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The system can be modified by having predetermined cooking time for different food. It can
also be modified to cook food in a predetermined time by the user and adjust the flame
automatically. In this system one can use IOT to operate with the help of mobile.
54
REFERENCES
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 11, no. 19, pp. 9721-
9726, 2016.
3. Apeh, S. T., K. B. Erameh, and U. Iruansi. "Design and Development of Kitchen Gas
Leakage Detection and Automatic Gas Shut off System." Journal of Emerging Trends
in Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 222-228, 2014.
4. Mahalingam, A., R. T. Naayagi, and N. E. Mastorakis. "Design and implementation

of an economic gas leakage detector." Recent Researches in Applications of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, pp. 20-24, 2012.
5. Phalak; Kowekar; & Joshi. z0l5. International Journal for Research In Emerging
Science And Technology, Y o1.2, Issue 9.
6. Pranjali Ingale Patil; priyanka Barhate; Bhagyashri Nemade; & vijay D- club
{hari'2017' using Arduino „International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology GRIET)' Vol' 04 Issue: 06.
7. S. Verma, A. Das, S. Dey, P. Chowdhury, Automatic Temperature Controlled Fan

Using Thermistor, ISSN:2321-1156 International Journal of Innovative Research in
Technology & Science (IJIRTS) July 2016.
8. Saar, Natalie. “Electric Stove Hazards.” Hunker.com, Hunker, 21 Sept. 2010.
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Research Safety.
10. Ieee.org, "IEEE IEEE Code of Ethics", 2016.
11. 3M Gas and Flame Detection, “A Guide to Optical Flame Detection -- How UV, IR,
and Imaging Detectors Work”, 2017.
12. Administrator, “Smoke Detector Alarm Circuit”, 2016.
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13. “MQ2 Semiconductor Sensor for Combustible Gas”. [Online]. Available:
https://www.pololu.com/file/0J309/MQ2.pdf.
14. “What are the Carbon Monoxide Levels that will Set Off the Alarm?”, 2011.
15. Circuit Basics, “Turn Any Appliance into a Smart Device with an Arduino Controlled
Power Outlet”, 2016.
16. Ravi, “Arduino Flame Sensor Interface”, July 7, 2018.

Available:https://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-flame-sensor-interface.
17. “LOW DROP FIXED AND ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE VOLTAGE

REGULATORS”, December2005.
Available:https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/LD1117V33.pdf.
18. “ATMEL 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER WITH 4/8/16/32KBYTES IN-SYSTEM

PROGRAMMABLE FLASH”, 2015.
Available:.https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/268/Atmel-8271-8-bit-AVR
Microcontroller ATmega48A-48P-1315288.pdf.
19. T.H. Mujawar, V.D.Bachuwar, M.S. Kasbe, A.D. Shaligram and L.P. Deshmukh,
Development of wireless sensor network system for LPG gas leakage detection
system, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue
4, April-2015 558 ISSN 2229- 5518
20. Marthy Siva Sai Krishna, Manda Suhas Priyatham, G Venkata Pavan Rama Sai
Bharadwaj, ―Gas Level Alert and Automatic Cut-Off in a Stove‖, Gitam University,
Vasavi College of engineering, Volume 4 Issue VI, June 2016 IC Value: 13.98 ISSN:
2321-9653
21. Anandakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair, Rakesh K, Sampath K, Gayathri S Nair ― IOT

Based Smart Gas Monitoring System, ‖ EEE, ASIET, INDIA), IOSR Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE).
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air quality monitor using gas sensors for improved safety,” Sensor Technology
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of Automatic Localization System Using GPS and GSM/GPRS Transmission,”
International
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Issue 3, March 2014.
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detection and hazard controlling published in April 2014.
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57

Final Report of LPG Gas Stove

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LPG SMART STOVE

Vikas Kumar (1703231183)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ABES Engineering College

Campus 1, 19th Km Stone, NH-09, Ghaziabad

Udit Sharma (1703231174)

Submitted to the department of Electronics & Communication

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad

Date: (Supervisor Signature)

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor (Dr.) S. K.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-9

CHAPTER2LITERATURE REVIEW 10-18

3.2 Circuit diagram 35

CHAPTER 4 (LPG SMART STOVE) 43-49

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50-51

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 53-54

Ω -- ohm (unit or resistance)

1.1.1 Features of a gas stove

Design and layout

• Clean new buildings and LPG portals offer alternatives to

1.1.2 GAS STOVE

1.3 Equipment selection

1.3.1 About 35238 MP timer module

The microprocessor is removed, configured, resulting in a time module. Opto-isolated

1.3.2 About MQ-6 gas sensor

1.3.3 About Overflow alarm

FIG: Accident due to gas leakage (ref: https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1191570.shtml)

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW BASED ON VARIOUS RESEARCH

3.1.1 D.C MOTOR WITH GEAR BOX

Table 1. Description of motor

S.N Property Rating

Fig: Geared motor

Microprocessor based, programmable, triggered timing module. Opto-isolated trigger input

Fig: 35238 MP timer module

It has 3-time ranges:

• 0-999 Minutes 1 Minute Resolution.

OP - the time the relay is ON

CL - time of the relay OFF

CP - Sleep Mode (Timer Operates but Display Off

LIST OF MODES AND THEIR PURPOSE:

Fig: MQ-6 sensor module

Features of MQ6 Gas sensor

• Can be used to get LPG or Butane gas

• Power analog voltage: 0V to 5V

• Output Voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)

• Preheat length 20 seconds

• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor

Our circuit image

A basic wiring for the sensor from datasheet is shown below.

• Detect or measure Gases like LPG, and butane

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signing tool, which can be Mechanical, electromechanical,

Figure: Basic relay diagram

Resistance is a measure of the resistance to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is

• Carbon Film Resistors.

• Metal Film Resistors.

• Temptation Protection Instruments.

• • Connecting Instruments.Metal Strip Resistors.

A capacitor (formerly known as a condenser) is a dual-phase vacuum generator used to store

The most common types of capacitors are:

• Ceramic capacitors have a ceramic dielectric.

• Film and paper capacitors are named after their dielectric.

Fig: IC-555 Timer