MSU SASE REVIEWER

GENERAL SCIENCE

Direction: Choose the correct answer from the given choices.

1. Which of the following may stimulate the growth of the roots in plant cuttings?
a. The use of auxins c. a decrease in soil minerals
b. A decrease in enzymes d. the use of endocrine secretions
2. Which of the following is the function of the cotyledon in a seed?

a. To form the lower portion of the plant c. To protect the seed from drying out
b. To form the upper portion of the plant d. To provide nutrients for the germinating plant

3. An embryo begins to develop from a zygote as a direct result of

a. Fermentation b. budding c. sporulation d. cleavage
4. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze a particular biochemical reaction involving specific substrate molecules.
Enzyme activity is affected by pH, that is
a. pH has no effect on enzyme activity.
b. All enzymes work at any pH
c. Each enzyme works at different optimum level.
d. Enzymes works at a higher pH when the temperature is higher and at a lower pH when the temperature is
lower.
5. Two different forms of the same gene and are located on homologous chromosomes.
a. Chromatids b. Genes c. Alleles d. DNA
6. It is considered as the most primitive kingdom.
a. Fungi b. Monera c. Animals d. Plants
7. The reason why gases diffuse faster than liquids is that gas molecules are
a. More free to move than liquid molecules. c. Lighter than liquid molecules.
b. More comprehensible than liquid molecules. d. More elastic than liquid molecules.
8. Smoke particles are examined under a microscope, and were observed to be moving randomly. This movement is
due to
a. Air currents blowing on the smoke particles. c. The force of attraction between the smoke particles.
b. Air molecules bumping into smoke particles. d. Smoke particles reacting with oxygen in the air.
9. Solids do not diffuse like gases because the particles of a solid
a. Stationary. c. are too heavy to move.
b. Are too close to move. d. cannot move around each other.
10. A chemical reaction occurs when
a. Salt solution is heated c. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to magnesium ribbon.
b. Crude oil is distilled d. An electric current passes through an electric wire.
11. It is the separation of a liquid into different substances with different boiling points.
a. Distillation b. Filtration c. Chromatography d. Evaporation
12. Which of the following is a physical property of sugar?
a. Its composition is hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. c. It is a white crystalline solid.
b. It can be decomposed with heat. d. It turns black with concentrated H2SO4.
13. When water changes into steam, the molecules become
a. separate atoms. b. more widely spaced. c. much larger. d. less in mass.
14. When ice changes from a solid to a liquid at its melting point

a. Its temperature increases. c. Its particles gain energy.

b. Heat is given out. d. Its particles become more ordered.

15. Fine pollen grains in the surface of water are examined under a microscope. It is observed that the pollen
grains are in random motion and frequently changing direction. The movement is most likely due to the
a. Movement of air across the water.
b. Chemical reaction between the pollen and the water.
c. Collisions between water molecules and pollen grains.
d. Attraction and repulsion between charged particles.
16. Alleles are genes which
a. Are linked to only one chromosome.
b. Occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.
c. Are sex-linked and are transmitted from fathers to their daughters.
d. Are always sex-linked and are transmitted from mother to their sons.
17. Phenotype maybe defined as
a. Genetic makeup of an individual. c. Visible expression of genotype.
b. Hidden traits of an individual. d. Unrelated characteristics.
18. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Kangaroos have 12 chromosomes in each body
cell. This means that the number of chromosomes in each egg cell of a kangaroo is
a. 6 b. 12 c. 18 d. 24
19. Which of the statements following is true?
a. DNA is made up of genes and contains chromosomes.
b. Chromosomes are made of DNA and contain genes.
c. Genes are made of DNA and contain chromosomes.
d. Genes are made of chromosomes and contain DNA.
20. All living things are made up of cells. Different cells and organs are adapted for their different roles in life
processes. All living cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. In addition to these, plant cells
also have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole. Which part of a cell contains the mitochondria?
a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Cell membrane d. Cell wall
21. The part of a plant cell that stores water, sugar and minerals.
a. Nucleus b. Vacuole c. Chloroplast d. Cell wall
22. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy and inorganic compounds to chemical energy and
organic compounds. This is the way the plants make their own food. It happens mainly in the palisade cells of
leaves, and is a complex chemical reaction requiring energy from light. Photosynthesis
a. uses up oxygen. c. takes place only in darkness
b. is not important to animals. d. is essential to all life on earth.
23. Plants need carbon dioxide, water, light and chlorophyll in order to make starch by photosynthesis. Carbon
dioxide enters plants through holes in the leaves called
a. Air spaces. b. stomata. c. cuticles. d. chloroplasts.
24. Our diet must include three types of food: energy foods, body-building foods and maintenance foods. The
main energy foods are carbohydrates and
a. Fats b. proteins c. vitamins d. minerals
25. Vitamins help to control chemical reactions in our bodies. Without vitamins certain reactions cannot take
place. We need only tiny amounts of vitamins, but without them we will suffer from deficiency diseases, like
the lack of vitamin D will lead to
a. Beriberi b. rickets c. scurvy d. night blindness
26. The heart pumps blood around the body through a system of tubes called blood vessels. Which blood vessels
carry blood back to the heart?
a. Arteries b. capillaries c. veins d. cartilage
27. What is the function of the white blood cells?
a. To carry nerve impulses to the brain c. To transport oxygen to the cells
b. To produce hormones to clot the blood d. To destroy bacteria in the body
28. What is the function of the excretory system?
a. To get rid of undigested food from the body c. To take in oxygen and transport it to the
cells
b. To remove harmful waste produced by the body d. To control all the organs of the body
29. In a species of pea plant, white flowers were completely dominant over red flowers. Pure-breeding, white-
flowered pea plants are crossed with pure breeding, red-flowered pea plants. What proportion of white- and
red-colored plants will be produced in theF1 generation?
a. All white-flowered plants c. A 3:1 ratio of white-flowered plants to red-flowered plants
b. All red-flowered plants d. A 3:1 ratio of red-flowered plants to white-flowered plants
30. Of the following parts of a cell, which one is the smallest in size?
a. Amino acid b. Chromosome c. gene d. nucleu
 ANSWER KEY GENERAL SCIENCE

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. B
20. B
21. B
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. A
30. A
 SCIENCE
BIOLOGY
1. The most abundant substance in the protoplasm is _______.
a. Fat b. protein c. carbohydrate d. water

2. The site of the majority of photosynthesis in a leaf is the _____.

a. Spongy layer b. cuticle c. epidermis d. palisade layer

3. Which of the following statements is illustrated by the graph beside?

a. As the temperature is lowered, the rate of activity of enzymes decreases. As the temperature is
raised, their activity increases, until a maximum is reached at about 40 oC.
b. As the temperature is raised, the rate of activity of enzymes decreases. As the temperature is
lowered, their activity increases until a maximum is reached at about 40 oC.
c. As the temperature is lowered, the rate of activity of enzymes increases. As the temperature is raised,
their activity decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 40 oC.s
d. The level of activity of enzymes remains constant even if temperature changes. Likewise,
temperature remains constant even if the level of activity increases.

4. Muscle may be controlled or may work without conscious thought. The muscle type(s) considered
involuntary is (are) ______.
a. Smooth b. skeletal c. skeletal and cardiac d. cardiac and smooth

5. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that ______.

a. Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells, while mitosis produces only 2 daughter cells.
b. The chromosome number remains the same in meiosis, but is halved during mitosis.
c. Meiosis produces identical daughter cells, but mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically
different.
d. Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, while mitosis occurs in sex cells.

6. A root may perform all of the following functions except _______.

a. Anchorage b. absorption of water c. photosynthesis d. storage

7. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor that will determine which animals or plants inhabit
an environment?
a. The acidity of a lake near a factory.
b. The high daytime temperatures and low night time temperature
c. Berry plants growing in abundance at the edge of a forest
d. The amount of oxygen present in the water or a pond.

8. Which of the following is the best description of the pyramid of energy?

a. The base of the pyramid consists of producers which supply the most energy
b. The base of the pyramid consists of the highest consumers who need the most energy
c. The top of the pyramid consists of the producers which supply the most energy
d. The top of the pyramid consists of the highest consumers who need the most energy

9. The breathing rate is increased by an increase in the content of ________.

a. Oxygen b. nitrogen c. CO2 d. H2O (vapor)
10. That evolution has occurred is now generally accepted as a doctrine rather than a theory because
a. There is ample evidence that species have changed over the year
b. Darwin received a posthumous Nobel Prize for his book on natural selection
c. Uranium-lead studies have traced the history of the horse
d. It is now certain that the earth is at least 4B years old.

11. Of the following terms, which one includes the others?

a. Class b. order c. phylum d. family
12. A protozoan causes the disease malaria in a human host. This relationship illustrates
a. Mutualism b. Commensalism c. Parasitism d. Predation
13. Viruses are not considered free-living because
a. Their cells lack cytoplasm.
b. Their cells contain DNA.
c. They are too small to be seen by light microscopy.
 d. They cannot reproduce outside a living cell

14. Some organisms living in a garden include dragonflies, bugs, roses, grasshoppers, grasses, worms, and
spiders. Collectively, these organisms represent a __________.
a. Biome b. Community c. Habitat d. Population

15. Green algae are able to manufacture their own food because _________.
a. They live in water.
b. They attach themselves to plants.
c. They have chlorophyll.
d. They are the most immediate relatives of green plants.

16. All of the following are examples of a reflex except __________.

a. Sneezing b. Blinking c. Coughing d. Reading

17. Which of the following is a disease caused by bacteria?

a. Polio b. Smallpox c. Rabies d. Tetanus

18. The greenhouse effect is caused by the increase in the _____.

a. Number of green houses c. Amount of CO2 in the air
b. Number of green plants worldwide d. Amount of O2 in the atmosphere

19. In binomial nomenclature scheme, only ______ and ______ are used to name an organism.
a. Genus and Species c. class and order
b. Kingdom and phylum d. family ad genus

20. Any biological agent that causes disease is called _____.

a. Host b. bacteria c. pathogen d. mushroom

21. Which bacteria is globular-shaped?

a. Bacillus b. coccus c. spirochetes d. AOT

22. Water is transported from the roots to the leaves by _____.

a. Phloem b. xylem c. sieve tubes d. bark

23. It refers to the arrangement of the veins in the leaf.

a. Venation b. Coloration c. Separation d. Adaptation

24. Trees that lose all their leaves at the end of a growing season in temperature regions are called _____.
a. Savannah b. Tundra c. Coniferous d. Deciduous
25. The growth of plants toward light is called
a. Hydrotropism b. geotropism c. Phototropism d. Negative tropism

26. Fluke: Class Trematoda :: Tapeworm: Class _____.

a. Cestoda b. Nematoda c. Annelida d. Rotifera

27. The process of shedding exoskeleton is called ______.

a. Melting b. Chitin c. Molting d. Metamorphosis

28. _______ is a term used to describe methods of introducing new genes into an organism.
a. Genetic eng’r b. recombinant DNA c. Hybridization d. Genetics

29. _______ is the process of bone formation.

a. Oogenesis b. ossification c. peristalsis d. Phagoaxtosis

30. An excretory organ that filters the waste from the blood.
a. Kidney b. Liver c. Stomach d. Intestine

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY

1. D → in various living things, water makes up from 65% to 90% of the protoplasm.
2. D → The palisade layer has cells that are packed together and serves for most photosynthesis. The
spongy layer is a site for gas exchange. The cuticle and epidermis are for protection.
3. A → Most enzymes function best at body temperature.
4. D → Both smooth and cardiac are not controlled by thought but by autonomic system. Skeletal muscles
are attached to the bones and are controlled by an individual consciously.
5. A → Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells each with half of the original chromosome number. Meiosis
occurs only in sex cells, producing sperm and eggs, and since the chromosome number is half the parent
cell, these cells are genetically different from the original parent cell.
6. C → A root does not contain chlorophyll and so is unable to carry on photosynthesis.
7. C → The only biotic or living factor among the choices is option 3. The others are abiotic factors
affecting the ability of an organism to inhabit the area. Birds and small mammals feeding on berries will
most likely thrive in areas teeming with berry plants.
8. A → The base consists of the producers that supply the most energy. As one moves up the pyramid,
energy is lost. Found at the top are the highest consumers who have lost energy from the pyramid in the
form of heat and unavailable chemical energy.
9. C → An increased in the amount of CO 2 in the blood stimulates the cells of the medulla to send impulses
to the diaphragm and the rib muscles, causing them to contract and expand more rapidly. The breathing
rate then increases.
10. A → The doctrine refers to a theory based on carefully worked out principles and taught or advocated
by its adherents. Evolution is now a doctrine because evidence from various fields has convinced its
adherents of its validity. Some of these fields are paleontology, heredity, embryology, and physiology.
11. C → In the system of classification, of the groups (taxons) mentioned the largest is the phylum, followed
by class, order, family. KPCOFGS
12. C → Parasitism is a symbiotic association of two kinds or organisms in which the parasite is benefited
while the host is usually harmed.
13. D → Viruses are not considered free-living since they cannot reproduce outside of a living cell; they have
evolved to transmit their genetic information from one cell to another for the purpose of replication.
14. B → A community refers to the population of different species living in a particular habitat and
interacting with each other.
15. C → The chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. It is essential to the
photosynthetic process.
16. D → Sneezing, blinking, and coughing are reflexes because there is no thought involved in them.
Reading, on the other hand, is a deliberate activity that involves a lot of thinking.
17. D → A tetanus is caused a bacilli. The other diseases mentioned are caused by viruses.
18. C → The greenhouse effect is the warming of the earth and its lower atmosphere caused by trapped
solar radiation. This is brought about by the increasing amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Like the glass
if a greenhouse, CO2 allows sunlight to pass through the Earth. As the Earth is warmed by the sunlight,
it gives off infrared rays that are absorbed by the CO2 in the atmosphere, instead of being given off into
space.
19. A → ex. Home sapiens (Man)
20. C → mushroom “umbrella-shaped fungus”
21. C → Bacillus “rod-shaped bacteria” Coccus “spherical or nearly spherical”
22. B → Phloem is responsible for the transport of food. Sieve tube is a sap-conducting tube within the
phloem tissue of a plant. Sieve tube cells carry plant nutrients. Bark is the rough outer covering of the
stem of woody trees or bushes.
23. A
24. D
25. C
26. A → Other options are Phylum.
27. C
28. A
29. B
30. A → Other options are organs of the digestive system. (Liver is an accessory organ.)

SCIENCE
Biology

1. The cells of the heart is nourished by the

 a. Carotid artery b. coronary artery c. jugular vein d. renal vein e. pulmonary arteries

2. The liquid that bathes all the cells of the body is called
a. Fibrinogen b. lymph c. plasma d. blood e. fibrin

3. All of the following are found in the plasma EXCEPT

a. Fibrinogen b. antibodies c. hormones d. starch e. amino acid

4. Oxygen is carried in the

a. Phagocytes b. platelets c. white blood cells d. red blood cells e. gamma globulin

5. An inherited disease in which the blood does not clot is

a.Thrombosis b. atherosclerosis c. hemophilia d. heparin e. anemia

6. Urea is removed from the blood by the

a.kidneys b. liver c. Lungs d. spleen e. bladder

7. The dermis of the skin contains all of the following EXCEPT

a.Layer of dead cells b. blood vessels c. nerve endings
d. hair follicles e. oil glands

8. Hormones are distributed throughout the body by

a. ducts b. ductless glands c. blood d. nerves e. connective tissue

9. A gland that is known as the gland of emergency is the

a.Pituitary gland b. adrenal c. thyroid d. parathyroid e. pancreas

10. A bridge between neurons is called

a.Dendrite b. terminal brush c. end brush d. synapse e. axon sheath

11. A uniting cells in sexual reproduction are called

a.Zygotes b. zygospores c. spore d. buds e. gametes

12. A zygote is cell that

a. Results from the union of two gametes
b. Unites with another zygote to form a gamete
c. United with another zygote to form a zygospore
d. Results from the union of two zygospore

13. The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma of the same flower is known as
a. Cross pollination c. self pollination d. fertilization
b. Germination e. seed dispersal

14. The proper sequence of embryonic development is

(1- gastrula; 2- zygote; 3- egg; 4- blastula, 5- two-celled stage)
a.52341 b. 35241 c.32415 d. 32541 e. 32514

15. The egg-producing structure of an animal is called

a. Oviduct b. ovum c. ovary d. ovule e. ovipositor

16. The development of the egg without being fertilized by the sperm is known
a. Parthenogenesis b. metamorphosis c. regeneration d. differentiation

17. Fraternal twins

a. Are always of the same sex d. through placenta
b. May be of the opposite sex e. from the mother’s small intestine
c. Through the micropyle

18. The release of an egg from a follicle is called

a. Fertilization c. metamorphosis e. ovulation
b. Cleavage d. osmosis

19. The rod-like structures that appear during nuclear division are known as
a. Spindle fibers c. nucleoli d. chromosome
b. Asters e. centrosome

20. Polar bodies are formed during

 a. Phototropism b. spermatogenesis c. oogenesis d. prophase stage

21. Bacteria may be attacked by a virus called

a. Cocci b. bacilli c. spiralli d. bacteriophage e. staphylococcus

22. A class of vascular plants that reproduce by means of spores

a. Ferns b. gymnosperms c. angiosperm d. bryophytes

23. This is a phylum or group of invertebrates best characterized by their flat-bodied. Example are planaria
and tapeworm.
a.Cnidarian b. Platyhelminthes c. annelida d. nematode e. rotifer

24. Photosynthesis : chloroplast :: Respiration: _____________

a. Mitochondria b. lysosome c. golgi d. nucleus e. Endoplasmic reticulum

25. Which of the following is true about red tide?

a. It is caused by a dinoflagellate called Pyrodimium bahamense var. compressum.
b. People should refrain from eating shellfish during red tide occurrences.
c. Sudden increase in the nutrient content of the water may trigger red tide outbreaks.
d. All of the above.

26. Which of the following statements is not true about acid rain?
a. It is caused by increasing amounts of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
b. It contributes to the thinning of the ozone layer.
c. It corrodes marble and metallic structures.
d. It damages crops by increasing soil acidity.

27. Which of the following does NOT describe the Cell Theory?
a. Cells are the units of structure and function.
b. New cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.
c. Most living things are made up of cells.
d. Cells are the building blocks of life.

28. Which of the following is NOT true about Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?
a. It is single-stranded.
b. Its bases are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
c. It has a 5-C sugar called ribose.
d. It is needed for protein synthesis.

29. Whether a child is a boy or a girl depends on the:

a. Type of sperm cell c. time of ovulation
b. Type of egg cell d. time of fertilization

30. Essential amino acids can be obtained from

a. Plant sources b. animal sources c. both A and B d. Neither A nor B.

Answers:
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. E
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. E
19. A
20. C
21. D
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. C
28. B
29. A
30. C