Safety Hazards Identification

40-Hour BOSH Training
Safety Hazards Identification
Workplace Hazards
Safety Hazards
Something that has a potential for
injury
Health Hazards
Something that has a potential to
cause illness
Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 1

Hazards are Identified through:
 Walk through survey / ocular inspection

 Review of processes involved
 Knowing the raw materials used, products and
by-products
 Gathering of workers’ complaints
 Safety Data Sheet

Occupational Safety Hazards:
 Poor Housekeeping
 Fire
 Use of Machine
 Material Handling
 Electricity


POOR HOUSEKEEPING
Housekeeping
 Housekeeping is not just keeping your workplace clean and

safe but it is an effective workplace organization.
 Housekeeping means there is a place for everything and

everything is in place. It is everybody’s business to observe it
in the workplace.
 Housekeeping is important because it lessens accidents and

related injuries and illnesses; it therefore improves
productivity, and minimizes direct and indirect costs of
accidents/illnesses.


Signs of Poor Housekeeping

 Cluttered and poorly arranged areas
 Materials gathering rust and dirt from disuse
 Blocked aisleways
 Material stuffed in corners and out-of-the-
way places
 Untidy or dangerous storage of materials
 Overflow storage areas and shelves
 Broken containers and damaged materials
 Presence of items no longer needed or in
excess
 Dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces
 Tools and equipment left in work areas
 No waste bins and containers
 Presence of spills and leaks
Accidents from Poor Housekeeping

 Being hit by falling objects
 Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and
platforms
 Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
 Striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or
misplaced material
 Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or
other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or
steel strapping
 Electrocution from exposed live wires
 Fires resulting from improper storage


FIRE
What is fire?
 It is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible

substance and oxygen.
 It is frequently referred to as “rapid oxidation with the

evolution of light and heat.”
 To produce fire, three things must be present at the time:

Fuel, Heat and Oxygen.

10

Elements of Fire
(Fire Triangle)
Fuel – can be any Oxygen – in sufficient

combustible quantities, combine with
material the fuel for combustion
to occur.
Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the

fuel and the oxygen to a point at which they will react
together.
11
Forms of Fuel
 Gas has neither definite shape nor volume and tends to

expand indefinitely (e.g., methane, butane, LPG)
 Liquid assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed

(e.g., gasoline, kerosene, solvents)
 Solid have a definite shape (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, cloth)

12

Important Point to Remember

About Liquid Fuels
• FLASH POINT – the lowest Flammable Liquid Flashpoint
temperature at which liquid fuel °C
gives off flammable vapors Gasoline -42.8
Acetone -20
• FLAMMABLE LIQUID – a liquid Isopropyl Alcohol 12
having a flash point below Combustible
100°F (37.8°C) Liquid
Kerosene 37.8
• COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID – a liquid Corn Oil 254

having a flash point at or above The lower the flashpoint, the more
100°F (37.8°C) dangerous a substance is.

13
Common sources of heat that

causes fire
 Overloaded electrical system
 Open flames
 Smoking / cigarette butts
 Hot surfaces
 Friction
 Cutting / welding
 Electrical spark

14

Some Facts About Oxygen

At 23% concentration, the
At 16% concentration,
atmosphere is considered
combustion is slowed down
oxygen enriched and fire will
and will eventually diminish.
intensify.
Gaseous element in air

at 21% by volume. It is
essential for
respiration..
At 12 – 14% concentration,
flammable liquids will not
burn.

15
Fires Can Be Classified According To The Fuel

It Consumes
Class Examples Pictogram
A – Ordinary Combustibles paper, wood, or plastic
B – Surface Fires Oil, gasoline, alcohol, grease,

oil – based paints
C – Energized Electrical Appliances, power tools,

Equipment motors, electrical panels
D – Combustible Metal Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium

D
K – Kitchen Fires Combustible vegetable or

cooking fats

16

Mode of Fire Propagation

(Heat transfer)
MODE CHARACTERISTICS ILLUSTRATION
Conduction • Heat transfer to another body

or within a body by direct
contact.
• Heat can be transferred trash
through steel beams, metal
conduit, wire and ducts.
Convection • Transfer of heat through a
circulating medium, such as
hot air and gases.
• The hotter the gases, the faster
they rise.
Radiation Transfer of heat by the emission
and propagation of heat energy in
the form of rays or waves.

17
The Burning Process

(Stages of Fire Development)
PHASE FIGURE CHARACTERISTICS
Ignition / Materials reach their ignition temperatures and a

Incipient fire is started.
Growth Fire begins to grow spreading chain of reaction

resulting in an increase in size.
Free - All the contents within the perimeter of the fire’s

Burning boundaries are burning.
Decay Fire will extinguish itself, when the fuel or oxygen

supply is exhausted.

18

Causes of Fire Deaths
 Inhalation of Toxic fumes:
– Carbon Monoxide (CO)
– Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
– Hydrogen Cyanide (HCn)
 Deprivation of oxygen
 Backdraft or smoke explosion

19
Top Causes of Fire in the Philippines

 Faulty/Overloaded Electrical System
 Open flames and candles
 Neglected Electrical Devices/Appliances
 Liquefied Petroleum Gases
 Smoking and matches
 Lightning
 Spontaneous combustion
 Friction
 Sparks
Source: BFP

20

Tragic Fire Incidents In The Philippines
OZONE DISCO FIRE : 162 DEATHS plus

INJURIES
LUNG CENTER FIRE: 25 DEATHS plus
INJURIES
DAMAS de ISLAS de FILIPNAS FIRE: 23
DEATHS plus INJURIES
QC MANOR HOTEL FIRE: 75 DEATHS plus
INJURIES
NOVO JEANS AND SHIRTS CLOTHING
STORE FIRE: 17 DEATHS plus INJURIES
KENTEX MANUFACTURING FACTORY FIRE:
72 DEATHS plus INJURIES

21
USE OF MACHINE
22

What is a Machine?
 An assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion and

energy in a predetermined manner.
 Can be simple or compound.

23
Where Mechanical
Hazards Occur
other moving parts
power transmission
point of operation

24

Hazards Associated With Machines
workpiece
exposed movement projectile
machine parts hazards
noise

25
Hazardous Mechanical Motions
 Rotating – turning around on

an axis or center
 Reciprocating – the back and
forth movements of a
machine part
 Transversing – continuous
straight line motion of a
machine element in either
direction

26

Causes Of Machine Related

Accidents
 An individual making unwanted contact with a moving part of
a machine.
 Something flying from the machine.
 A machine malfunction, including mechanical and electrical

energy sources failure.
 Workpiece movement during a forming or cutting process.

27
Effects Of Machine Related

Accidents
 Can result to severe injuries.
 Loss of trained and skilled employee.
 Loss in productivity.
 Damaged equipment.

28

MATERIALS HANDLING
29
Materials Handling
A technique which includes the art of lifting,
placing, storing or moving of materials through
the use of appropriate handling equipment and
men.
Manual Handling
 is the of lifting, transporting and packaging of products using
own physical strength.
 Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of
products.
Mechanical Handling
 pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered mechanics
mainly for handling bulky and heavy items

30

Hazards Associated with Materials

Handling
 Failure of the lifting equipment
 Falling load
 Collision
 Trapped between objects

31
Manual Handling –
Mistakes That Cause Injuries
 Bending Back
 Twisting with load
 Attempting to much weight (load too heavy)
 Reaching too far
 Lifting to one side
 Off – balance shifting
 Failure to use personal PPE, such as gloves, safety
shoes

32

Industrial Truck Safety

Popular Misconceptions
 “Anyone can drive a lift truck.”

 “They handle just like a car.”
 “They are easier to drive than a car.”
 “You don’t need any training to safely drive a fork
lift.”

33
ELECTRICITY
34

What is Electricity?
A form of energy resulting from the existence of
charged particles. Electricity is the flow of moving
electrons. When the electrons flow it is called an
electrical current.
Failure to ensure a safe design, proper work

procedures, proper servicing and maintenance
of electrical equipment often result in bodily
harm or death, property damage or both.

35
Electrical Accidents
There are three direct and two indirect types of
electrical accidents:
 Direct:
 Electrocution or death due to electrical shock
 Electrical shock
 Burns
 Indirect:
 Falls
 Fire

36

Causes of Electrical Accidents

 Contact with live conductors
 Short circuiting
 Arcs and sparks
 Overloading
 Inadequate grounding
 Non-usage of standard replacement
 Wet environment

37
Electrical Hazards
FIRES -
Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires
both in the home and in the workplace. Electric short
circuiting, arcing, sparks, overloading, use of defective
or misused electrical equipment are major causes of
electrical fires.

38

Clues That Electrical Hazards Exist

 Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
 Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes
 Circuit breaker that shuts off a circuit
 Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection

39
Causes of
Electrocution Fatalities
 Contact with Overhead Power lines
 Not following Lockout/Tagout procedures
 Contact with Live Circuits
 Poorly Maintained Extension Cords
 Defective Power Tools

40


41
Electricity and Water

 The likelihood of being shock is greatly
multiplied in damp locations
 People are excellent conductors
 Never use electrical equipment in damp or wet
areas
 Do Not spray water around any electrical source

42

Important Terminologies
Current (amperes)
is the amount of electricity flow in a conductor.
Voltage (volts)
is the force which causes electrons to flow in
a conductor.
Resistance (ohms)
is the opposition of a material to the flow of
electricity.
High Voltage Low Voltage
660 volts or more less than 660 volts

43
More Frequent Accidents Happen

at Low Voltage Areas
 Most employees work and move around

in this area
 Not all workers have the proper trainings
and experience
 It is treated as less dangerous.

44

Electrical Shock
An electrical shock is received when electrical current passes
through the body.
How Shocks Occur?
Electric shock normally occurs in one of three ways.
Individuals —
• must come in contact with both wires of the electric circuit,
• must come in contact with one wire of an energized circuit and the
ground,
• must come in contact with a metal part that accidentally becomes
energized and the ground.

45
Shock Severity
• Severity of the shock depends on:
• Path of current through the body
• Amount of current flowing through the
body (amps)
• Duration of the shocking current through
the body
• LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW

HAZARD

46

Clear Points
 A deteriorating housekeeping may be the first evidence of a
deteriorating safety and health program
 Lifting and moving things at work is something you probably do
every day. Unfortunately, it’s also an everyday cause of
disabling injuries and even deaths!
 To produce fire, three things must be present at the time: Fuel,
Heat and Oxygen.
 Mechanical hazards occur: (1) at the point of operation, (2)
power transmission components and (3) other exposed moving
parts of the machine.
 Failure to ensure a safe design, proper work procedures, proper
servicing and maintenance of electrical equipment often result
in bodily harm or death, property damage or both.
47

Safety Hazards Identification

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Safety Hazards Identification

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40-Hour BOSH Training

Safety Hazards Identification

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 1

Hazards are Identified through:

 Walk through survey / ocular inspection

Department of Labor and Employment

Occupational Safety Hazards:

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 2

 Housekeeping is not just keeping your workplace clean and

 Housekeeping means there is a place for everything and

 Housekeeping is important because it lessens accidents and

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 3

Signs of Poor Housekeeping

Accidents from Poor Housekeeping

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 4

 It is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible

 It is frequently referred to as “rapid oxidation with the

 To produce fire, three things must be present at the time:

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 5

Fuel – can be any Oxygen – in sufficient

Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the

 Gas has neither definite shape nor volume and tends to

 Liquid assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed

 Solid have a definite shape (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, cloth)

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 6

Important Point to Remember

• COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID – a liquid Corn Oil 254

Department of Labor and Employment

Common sources of heat that

 Smoking / cigarette butts

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 7

Some Facts About Oxygen

Gaseous element in air

Department of Labor and Employment

Fires Can Be Classified According To The Fuel

B – Surface Fires Oil, gasoline, alcohol, grease,

C – Energized Electrical Appliances, power tools,

D – Combustible Metal Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium

K – Kitchen Fires Combustible vegetable or

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 8

Mode of Fire Propagation

Conduction • Heat transfer to another body

Department of Labor and Employment

The Burning Process

Ignition / Materials reach their ignition temperatures and a

Growth Fire begins to grow spreading chain of reaction

Free - All the contents within the perimeter of the fire’s

Decay Fire will extinguish itself, when the fuel or oxygen

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 9

Causes of Fire Deaths

 Inhalation of Toxic fumes:

– Carbon Monoxide (CO)

– Carbon Dioxide (CO2)