THE BASIC CONCEPT OF

HAZARD
Unit 3
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION
TOPICS

1. Concept of Hazard a. Define what is Hazard

2. Type of Hazard b. Give examples of Hazards in
3. Various impact of Hazard various types
c. Explain the possible effects
of hazards
REVIEW: EXPOSURE AND VULENRABILITY

1. Philippine Profile: existing

vulnerabilities of the
Philippines
2. Concept of Vulnerability,
Hazard and Exposure
3. Classification of
Vulnerabilities
DEFINITION OF HAZARD

 From the Old French Word “hasar”

and Arabic term “Azzarhr” meaning
Luck or Chance

 Source of Danger or Something that

may cause injury or harm
TYPES OF HAZARDS

 Hydrometeorological
 Geological
 Biological
 Chemical
 Accidental
 Intentional
 Environmental
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

1. Hydrometeorological Hazard  Project NOAH

Weather Related Hazards

Hydro means Water

Meteor means Atmospheric
Phenomenon

Example: Typhoon
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

2. Geological Hazard  Project NOAH

Hazard Related to Terrain or Earth’s
Movement

Example: Earthquakes and Volcanic

eruptions
PLAGUE DOCTORS

Plague doctors are the ones

who fight the Black Death
during the 17th century Europe
Outbreak

Est. 25 millions death due to the

black plague or bubonic plague
caused by Yersinia pestis
bacteria

Spread by Rats and Fleas

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

3. Biological Hazard  Center for Disease Control and

Prevention (CDC)
Diseases and damages that caused by
other lifeforms such as Bacteria, Virus,  Category
Fungi or Pests
A – Deadliest and Easily transmittable
B – Potential for Morbidity but low
General examples are Diseases and Mortality rate
Pest Infestations
C – Emerging Agents or Newly
Discovered
CDC CLASSIFICATION

 Category B.

 Potential for outbreak but not very

deadly
 examples are
 Cholera
 Q fever
 Encephalitis
 Salmonela
 CDC CLASSIFICATION

6 Cathegory of Class A biological Agents  Used for BIOTERRORISM

 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)  Deadly and Easily Transmittable
 Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)  Requires special actions for public to
be controlled
 Plague (Yersinia pestis)
 Smallpox (variola major)
 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
 Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g.,
Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g.,
Lassa, Machupo])
CATEGORY A

 Small pox virus

 used in French and Indian war during

1754 against native indian americans
 can be transmitted through
contaminated belongings of infected
person or direct contact
CATEGORY A

 Botulism
 Clostridium botulinum toxin
 foodborne bacteria
 first encountered in 1735 in canned
sausages in the US
 common in improper canned foods
and honey
CATEGORY A

 Anthrax
 Bacillus Anthrasis
 weaponized or genetically modified
 spore or powdered form were used in
the US via Mail that was sent to
several persons.
BEIRUT EXPLOSION

August 4, 2020
A large amount of ammonium
nitrate explode in the port city
of Beirut leaving 177 dead and
6,000 injured and an estimation
of 15 billion dollars in property
damage
DIFFERENT KINDS OF HAZARDS

4. Chemical Hazard
Chemical that may cause damage
Can Intentional (used as weapon) or
Unintentional (by accidents)

Fire may be considered as chemical

hazard if its caused by chemical
CHEMICAL WEAPON

 Mustard Gas

 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide
 causes severe burns and blisters
 a yellow brown gas with mustard
smell
 used in ww1 trench war and terrorist
attacks
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

5. Accidental Hazard

Manmade errors like Air Plane Crash,

Traffic Accidents and such
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

6. Intentional

Man made damages

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS

7. Environmental Hazards

Any hazards that may damage the

natural environment. can either be man
made intentional or accidental like
oilspill, or Natural phenomena such as
hydrometeorological hazards like
typhoons and droughts